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Comparative Bioconversion of Rice Lignocellulosic

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Comparative Bioconversion of Rice Lignocellulosic COMPARATIVE BIOCONVERSION OF RICE LIGNOCELLULOSIC WASTE AND ITS AMENDMENTS BY TWO OYSTER MUSHROOMS (PLEUROTUS SPECIES) AND THE USE OF THE SPENT MUSHROOM COMPOST AS BIO-FERTILIZER FOR THE CULTIVATION OF TOMATO, PEPPER AND COWPEA BY (WIAFE-KWAGYAN, MICHAEL; 10172451) M Phil. (GHANA), 2010 BSc. (GHANA), 2007 A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, LEGON, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE DEGREE (PH.D.) IN BOTANY ……………………………………… DATE DECLARATION I, the undersigned, WIAFE-KWAGYAN, MICHAEL, declare that am the author of this thesis, I do declare that this work is a result of my own research work carried out in the Department of Botany, University of Ghana Legon under the supervision of Prof. George Tawia Odamtten and Dr. Mary Obodai from January 2012 to July 2014. References made in this work have duly been acknowledged. …………………….. ………………………........ WIAFE-KWAGYAN, MICHAEL PROF. GEORGE TAWIA ODAMTTEN (CANDIDATE) (PRINCIPAL SUPERVISOR) DATE…………………………… DATE…………………………… ……............................................. DR. MARY OBODAI (CO-SUPERVISOR) DATE........................................... i DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated first and foremost to the Lord Almighty God. I also dedicate it to my dear parents Mr. and Mrs Brenya Wiafe-Akenten as well as my mother Mrs. Beatrice Akua Korantemaa and my grandmother Madam Abena Serwaa. I dedicate this work to my late grandparents the late Mr. Kofi Adarkwa and late Mrs. Afia Owusua Adarkwa of blessed memory for their support and motivating me to pursue education in early life. Finally, to all my siblings Awo Asantewaa, Nana Adwoa, Ohemaa Akua, friends (especially Miss. Millicent Amponsah), dear ones who contributed in diverse ways to the success of this thesis deserve mention. I wish the surviving ones God’s favour and blessings. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am eternally indebted to my LORD GOD ALMIGHTY for His protection, wisdom, grace and strength which enabled me to complete this research work. I am also profoundly grateful to my supervisors Prof. G.T. Odamtten and Dr. Mary Obodai who suggested the problem and guided me with patience and unstinted advice in the execution of the project and in the write up of the thesis. I wish to also thank Prof. I. K. Asante, Dr. Ebenezer Owusu and all the lecturers in the Department of Botany, for their encouragement and support in diverse ways. I am grateful to Dr. John Manful (Africa Rice Centre) and Dr. Paa Nii Johnson (CSIR Head Office) for their support in seeking sponsorship for the entire research. This assignment could not have been successfully completed without the voluntary technical assistance of Mr. Richard Takli, Miss. Juanita Prempeh, Godson Agbeley, Mr. Moses Mensah, Mr. Akangina Ababese all of the Food Research Institute, Mycology Unit Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Ghana, Mr. Kofi Baako, Mr. George Akwetey of the Department of Botany, Miss Roberta Koku College of Agriculture & Consumer Sciences, University of Ghana for their technical assistance and also Mr. Benedict Quagraine, Mr. John Kupagme, Mr. Kwabena Acheampong. To all of them I express my sincere appreciation and wish them God’s blessings. Finally, I acknowledge with deep appreciation the major financial support of the Africa Rice Centre, based at Benin and an affiliate of Consultative Group of International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) as well as the Government of Ghana for partial financial support for the project. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION .................................................................................................................................. i DEDICATION ..................................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................................. iii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................................... xiv LIST OF PLATES ......................................................................................................................... xviii LIST OF MAPS ................................................................................................................................. xx LIST OF APPENDICES.................................................................................................................. xxi ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................................... xxii CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................... 1 OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................... 37 CHAPTER TWO .............................................................................................................................. 39 MATERIALS AND METHODS ................................................................................................. 39 CHAPTER THREE .......................................................................................................................... 74 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE .............................................................................................. 74 EXPERIMENT A. Fungal population and phenology profiles of different agricultural lignocellulose waste used in the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus EM-1 and P. eous P- 31 .................................................................................................................................... 74 EXPERIMENT B. Influence of pH on radial and vegetative growth of P. ostreatus strain EM-1 and P. eous strain P-31 on potato dextrose agar at 30±2˚C for 10 days. ... 75 EXPERIMENT C. Radial growth of P. ostreatus EM-1 and P. eous P-31 on Potato Dextrose Agar amended with the cultural filtrate of three resident contaminating fungi at 28 - 30˚C for 12 days .................................................................................................. 76 EXPERIMENT D. Vegetative growth of P. ostreatus EM-1 and P. eous P-31 in liquid culture (Potato Dextrose Broth) amended with different concentrations of the culture filtrates of three resident contaminating fungi at 28 - 30˚C for 10 days ........................ 77 EXPERIMENT E. Growth yield and Biological Efficiency of P. ostreatus strain EM-1 and P. eous strain P-31 on differently formulated substrates composted for varying periods of 0-12days at 28±2◦C........................................................................................ 78 EXPERIMENT F. Chemical, nutritional and mineral composition of the different lignocellulose agro-wastes and the fruiting bodies of P. ostreatus strain EM-1 and P. iv eous strain P-31 cultivated on the different formulation of the rice lignocellulose materials ......................................................................................................................... 84 EXPERIMENT G: Preliminary molecular characterisation of P. ostreatus EM-1 and P. eous P-31 using PCR Amplification and restriction digestion techniques ..................... 85 EXPERIMENT H. Studies on mycoflora and some physicochemical, elemental and nutrient content of soil and Spent Mushroom Compost before use as mixture in different proportions for the cultivation of tomato, pepper and cowpea ....................................... 85 EXPERIMENT I. Influence of the Spent Mushroom Compost, SMC of P. eous strain P- 31 used as bio-fertilizer on the growth and development of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling under greenhouse conditions .............................................. 86 EXPERIMENT J. Influence of the Spent Mushroom Compost, SMC used as bio- fertilizer on the growth and development of pepper (Capsicum annum L.) seedling under greenhouse conditions .......................................................................................... 87 EXPERIMENT K. Influence of the Spent Mushroom Compost, SMC used as bio- fertilizer on the growth and development of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.) seedling under greenhouse conditions ............................................................................ 88 EXPERIMENT L. Assessment of cowpea seed germination and Nodule Index of nodules formed in soil amended with varying proportions (%) of spent mushroom compost SMC, under greenhouse conditions ................................................................. 89 CHAPTER FOUR ............................................................................................................................. 90 RESULTS .......................................................................................................................................... 90 EXPERIMENT A. .......................................................................................................... 90 Fungal population and phenology profiles of the different agricultural lignocellulose wastes used in the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus EM-1 and P. eous P-31. ............. 90 EXPERIMENT B. .......................................................................................................
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