Review of Selected Species Subject to Long- Standing Import Suspensions
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Tugas Biola Tridacna
OLEH: MARIA ULFAH C551090101 MAYOR ILMU KELAUTAN SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR 2010 EKOLOGI DAN SISTEM REPRODUKSI KERANG KIMA (TRIDACNIDAE) MARIA ULFAH (C5510(C5510901019010190101)))) Ilmu Kelautan, Institut Pertanian Bogor PENDAHULUAN Berbagai jenis flora dan fauna hidup dan berkembang di lautan, baik di permukaan, di kolom dan juga di dasar perairan. Salah satu diantara biota tersebut ada kelompok bivalva yang dikenal dengan kerang raksasa. Disebut kerang raksasa adalah karena pertumbuhan cangkangnya dapat mencapai ukuran yang relatif sangat besar (mencapai 160 cm), kerang tersebut dikenal luas dengan sebutan kima. Kima merupakan makhluk laut tropis yang tersebar luas terutama di wilayah perairan Indo-Pasifik. Kima biasanya ditemukan hidup di daerah terumbu karang dengan sebaran dan ukuran yang berbeda-beda. Kima terdiri dari dua kelompok genus, yaitu Tridacna dan Hippopus . Kelompok Tridacna terdiri dari Tridacna crocea, T. derasa, T. gigas, T. maxima, T. verrucosa, T. rosewater, T. squamosa dan T. tevoroa . Sedangkan kelompok Hippopus terdiri dari Hippopus hippopus dan Hippopus porcellanus . Kima sudah cukup familiar dikalangan masyarakat Indonesia, khususnya masyarakat pesisir atau nelayan. Kima merupakan organisme bentik yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi, memiliki kandungan gizi tinggi dan nilai estetika yang menarik. Permintaan pasar yang tinggi dan harga yang menjanjikan menjadikan kima sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan secara komersil. Perdagangan kima kini lebih mengarah untuk keperluan industry aquarium hias air laut, dengan pertumbuhan mencapai 9% pada tahun 1993-2002 (Cheshire dan Valeriano, 2004). Saat ini permintaan terhadap Kima cukup besar, terutama dari Jepang. Akibat permintaan yang tinggi ini terjadilah eksploitasi berlebihan yang menyebabkan populasi hewan ini menurun. Beberapa spesies kima yang sudah sulit untuk ditemukan adalah Tridacna gigas, Tridacna derasa, Tridacna squamosa , maupun dari genus Hipoppus seperti Hipoppus porcelanus dan Hipoppus hipoppus . -
Document 561465.Pdf
MASTER 2 ème année Biologie Géologie Agro-ressources Environnement spécialité Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Développement Durable Parcours Elevage des Pays du Sud, Environnement et Développement Développement de techniques de transport et de réensemencement du bénitier Tridacna maxima pour la filière aquacole en Polynésie française BARROS Thomas Université Montpellier II : Année universitaire 2009/2010 Photo Service de la Pêche Photo PETIT Matthieu Photo PETIT Matthieu Photo Tahiti Eco Clams Résumé : Les bénitiers sont les plus grands mollusques bivalves marins de la région Indopacifique. Ils sont répartis dans des habitats constitués de récifs coralliens peu profonds, dans des eaux comprises entre 25°C et 30°C. La lumière est une ressource indispensable aux bénitiers. Elle permet la photosynthèse des zooxanthelles. Les zooxanthelles sont des algues symbiotiques situées dans le manteau et produisent des éléments nutritifs aux bénitiers. Depuis quelques années, la surpêche pour l’alimentation essentiellement destiné au marché asiatique a entrainé la disparition de certains stocks naturels. C’est pourquoi depuis 1983, les bénitiers toutes espèces confondues, ont été inscrits sur la convention internationale sur le commerce des espèces en danger, au niveau international. Lors de cette étude, nous allons analyser les techniques de transports de bénitiers pour le marché aquacole, au niveau local (transport inter-iles) mais également à plus grande échelle au niveau international afin de permettre de développer l’ouverture de nouvelles zones de productions, en améliorant les taux de survie. Toujours dans cette thématique de gestion de stocks de bénitiers, nous avons aussi réalisé un réensemencement en ile haute afin d’étudier la faisabilité et la viabilité de projets de repeuplement sur le long terme. -
ENCORE: the Eаect of Nutrient Enrichment on Coral Reefs
Marine Pollution Bulletin Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 91±120, 2001 Ó 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. Printed in Great Britain PII: S0025-326X$00)00181-8 0025-326X/01 $ - see front matter ENCORE: The Eect of Nutrient Enrichment on Coral Reefs. Synthesis of Results and Conclusions K. KOOP *,1, D. BOOTHà, A. BROADBENT§,2, J. BRODIE , D. BUCHERàà, D. CAPONE ,3, J. COLL§§,4, W. DENNISON , M. ERDMANNààà, P. HARRISONàà, O. HOEGH-GULDBERG ,5, P. HUTCHINGS§§§, G. B. JONES§, A. W. D. LARKUM , J. O'NEIL ,5, A. STEVEN ,6, E. TENTORI§§, S. WARDàà,5, J. WILLIAMSON ,7 and D. YELLOWLEESàààà School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia àDepartment Environmental Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney NSW 2065 Australia §Department of Chemistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, P.O. Box 1379, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia ààCentre for Coastal Management, Southern Cross University, P.O. Box 157, Lismore NSW 2480, Australia §§Department of Biology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Qld 4702, Australia Department of Botany, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia àààP.O. Box 1020, Manado, Sulawesi, Indonesia §§§The Australian Museum, 6, College Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland, Box 38, Solomons, MA 20688-0038, USA ààààBiochemistry and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811 Australia Coral reef degradation resulting from nutrient enrichment assessed a variety of factors focusing on nutrient dynamics of coastal waters is of increasing global concern. Although and biotic responses. A controlled and replicated experi- eects of nutrients on coral reef organisms have been ment was conducted over two years using twelve small demonstrated in the laboratory,there is little direct evi- patch reefs ponded at low tide by a coral rim. -
Tridacna Maxima (Reding), and Hippopus Hippopus (Linnaeus)!
Pacific Science (1976), Vol. 30, No.3, p. 219-233 Printed in Great Britain Early Life History of the Giant Clams Tridacna crocea Lamarck, Tridacna maxima (Reding), and Hippopus hippopus (Linnaeus)! STEPHEN C. JAMESON2 ABST RACT: Giant clams may be stimulated to spawn by the addition of macer ated gonads to the water.Individuals of Tridacna maxima collected at Anae Island, Guam, spawned from N ovember to March. On Palau, Hippopus hippopus spawned in June and Tridacna crocea, in July. Tridacna crocea, T. maxima, and H. hippopus displayed a stereotype d develop ment pattern in morphogenesis and rate of development . Fertilized eggs of T. crocea, T . maxima, and H. hippopus had mean diameters of 93.1, 104.5, and 130.0 psx», respectively . The day-2 straight-hinge veligers of T . crocea, T . maxima, and H. hippopus had mean shell lengths of 155.0, 168.0, and 174.4 pm, respec tively. Settlement occurred 12, 11, and 9 days after fertili zation at a mean shell length of 168.0, 195.0, and 202.0 pm for T . crocea,T . max ima, and H. bippopss, respectively. Metamorphosis was basically complete about 1 day after settlement. Juveniles of T . crocea, T. max ima, and H. hippopus first acqui re zooxanthellae after 19, 21, and 25 days, respectively. Growth rates increase sharply after the acquisition of zoo xanthellae. Juvenile shells show first signs of becoming opaque after 47 days for T . maxima and after 50 days for H. hippopus. G rANT CLAMS are protandric fun ctional herma formation, and initial organogenesis. The larval phrodites (Wada 1942, 1952). -
Biology and Status of Aquaculture for Giant Clams (Tridacnidae) in the Ryukyu Islands, Southern Japan
Biology and status of aquaculture for giant clams (Tridacnidae) in the Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan Item Type book_section Authors Iwai, Kenji; Kiso, Katsuhiro; Kubo, Hirofumi Publisher Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center Download date 27/09/2021 20:53:51 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/40477 Biology and status of aquaculture for giant clams (Tridacnidae) in the Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan Iwai, Kenji; Kiso, Katsuhiro & Kubo, Hirofumi Date published: 2006 To cite this document : Iwai, K., Kiso, K., & Kubo, H. (2006). Biology and status of aquaculture for giant clams (Tridacnidae) in the Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan. In J. H. Primavera, E. T. Quinitio, & M. R. R. Eguia (Eds.), Proceedings of the Regional Technical Consultation on Stock Enhancement for Threatened Species of International Concern, Iloilo City, Philippines, 13-15 July 2005 (pp. 27-38). Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines: Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center. To link to this document : http://hdl.handle.net/10862/2931 Share on : PLEASE SCROLL DOWN TO SEE THE FULL TEXT This content was downloaded from SEAFDEC/AQD Institutional Repository (SAIR) - the official digital repository of scholarly and research information of the department Downloaded by: [Anonymous] On: January 29, 2019 at 11:01 PM CST Follow us on: Facebook | Twitter | Google Plus | Instagram Library & Data Banking Services Section | Training & Information Division Aquaculture Department | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC) Tigbauan, Iloilo 5021 Philippines | Tel: (63-33) 330 7088, (63-33) 330 7000 loc 1340 | Fax: (63-33) 330 7088 Website: www.seafdec.org.ph | Email: [email protected] Copyright © 2011-2015 SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department. -
Genetic Variability in the Indonesian Giant Clam (Tridacna Crocea and Tridacna Maxima) Populations: Implication for Mariculture and Restocking Program
Genetic Variability in the Indonesian Giant Clam (Tridacna crocea and Tridacna maxima) Populations: Implication for Mariculture and Restocking Program Agus Nuryanto1, Dedy Duryadi2, Dedi Soedharma3, Dietmar Blohm4 1 Faculty of Biology, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Life Sciences, Bogor Agriculture University 3 Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agriculture University 4 Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Genetics, FB2-UFT, University of Bremen Abstract Tridacna crocea and T. maxima are relatively abundant in the Indonesian coral reef. These two species are, however, under high presure due to exploitation for food, industry, and aquarium trade. It is, therefore, necessary to understand their biology, such as genetic variability within and between populations, before utilizing them for strain improvement and restocking, prior to the extinction of the populations of T. crocea and T. maxima. Here we amplified a length of 456 bp of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase I gene from Tridacna crocea and of 484 bp from T. maxima to asses the genetic variability within and between populations of both species. The results showed that both species have high genetic diversity and polymorphism within each local population. This provides a sufficient basis for selection of improved strain of T. crocea and T. maxima for mariculture. However, if the genetic variation led to genetic differentiation among populations due to the result of evolutionary adaptation, mixing genetically different populations may result in the break up of co-adaptation gene complexes. This might result in the loss of the physiological capacities of the parental populations. Key words: genetic variability, cytochrome c oxidase I gene, Tridacna crocea, Tridacna maxima Introduction The family of tridacnidae, also known as giant clam, is conspicuous bivalve that inhabits coral reef across the Indo-Pacific region (Lucas, 1988). -
Diversity and Roles of Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Bee Orchid Ophrys Apifera
Diversity and Roles of Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Bee Orchid Ophrys apifera By Wazeera Rashid Abdullah April 2018 A Thesis submitted to the University of Liverpool in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy Table of Contents Page No. Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. xiv Abbreviations ............................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Abstract ................................................................................................................................... 2 1 Chapter one: Literature review: ........................................................................................ 3 1.1 Mycorrhiza: .................................................................................................................... 3 1.1.1Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) or Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM): ........... 5 1.1.2 Ectomycorrhiza: ...................................................................................................... 5 1.1.3 Ectendomycorrhiza: ................................................................................................ 6 1.1.4 Ericoid mycorrhiza, Arbutoid mycorrhiza, and Monotropoid mycorrhiza: ............ 6 1.1.5 Orchid mycorrhiza: ................................................................................................. 7 1.1.5.1 Orchid mycorrhizal interaction: ...................................................................... -
Genetic History of the Remnant Population of the Rare Orchid Cypripedium Calceolus Based on Plastid and Nuclear Rdna
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Genetic History of the Remnant Population of the Rare Orchid Cypripedium calceolus Based on Plastid and Nuclear rDNA Marcin Górniak 1, Anna Jakubska-Busse 2,* and Marek S. Zi˛etara 1 1 Department of Molecular Evolution, Faculty of Biology, University of Gda´nsk,Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gda´nsk,Poland; [email protected] (M.G.), [email protected] (M.S.Z.) 2 Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The lady’s slipper orchid (Cypripedium calceolus), which inhabits shady deciduous and mixed forests and meadows, is now threatened with extinction in many European countries, and its natural populations have been dramatically declining in recent years. Knowledge of its evolutionary history, genetic variability, and processes in small populations are therefore crucial for the species’ protection. Nowadays, in south-west Poland, it is only distributed in seven small remnant and isolated populations, which we examined. One nuclear (ITS rDNA) and two plastid (accD-psa1, trnL-F) markers were analyzed and compared globally in this study. Based on the nuclear marker, the most common ancestor of C. calceolus and Cypripedium shanxiense existed about 2 million years ago (95% HPD: 5.33–0.44) in Asia. The division of the C. calceolus population into the European and Asian lineages indicated by C/T polymorphism started about 0.5 million years ago (95% HPD: 1.8–0.01). -
The NEHU Journal Vol
The NEHU Journal Vol. XVIII, No.1, January-June 2020 N E H U ISSN. 0972 - 8406 The NEHU Journal Vol. XVIII, No.1, January-June 2020 Editor: Prof. S.R. Joshi Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics NEHU, Shillong Email : [email protected] Editorial Committee Members Prof. A.S. Dixit, Department of Zoology, NEHU, Shillong Prof. S. Mitra, Department of Chemistry, NEHU, Shillong Prof. I. Syiem, Department of Education, NEHU, Shillong Dr. R. M. Shangpliang, Department of Sociology, NEHU, Shillong Dr. Sudipta Ghosh, Department of Anthropology, NEHU, Shillong Dr. K. Upadhyay, Department of BSSS, NEHU, Shillong Dr. B. Dutta, Department of History, NEHU, Shillong i Contents Editorial .................................................................................................................................iv The deadly dozen: An overview of the top killer viruses D. Syiem and Mayashree B. Syiem ...........................................................................................1 In vitro seed storage of Paphiopedilum villosum Lind., an endangered lady’s slipper orchid Reema Vareen Diengdoh, Suman Kumaria and Meera Chettri Das .......................................21 Colorimetric detection of Pb2+ ions using PVP-capped silver nanoparticles Siewdorlang Diamai and Devendra P. S. Negi .......................................................................33 In-vitro comparative studies of Apium graveolens L. extracts for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity Casterland Marbaniang, Rajeshwar Nath Sharan and Lakhon Kma -
The Ecological Significance of Giant Clams in Coral Reef Ecosystems
Biological Conservation 181 (2015) 111–123 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Conservation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Review The ecological significance of giant clams in coral reef ecosystems ⇑ Mei Lin Neo a,b, William Eckman a, Kareen Vicentuan a,b, Serena L.-M. Teo b, Peter A. Todd a, a Experimental Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore b Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227, Singapore article info abstract Article history: Giant clams (Hippopus and Tridacna species) are thought to play various ecological roles in coral reef Received 14 May 2014 ecosystems, but most of these have not previously been quantified. Using data from the literature and Received in revised form 29 October 2014 our own studies we elucidate the ecological functions of giant clams. We show how their tissues are food Accepted 2 November 2014 for a wide array of predators and scavengers, while their discharges of live zooxanthellae, faeces, and Available online 5 December 2014 gametes are eaten by opportunistic feeders. The shells of giant clams provide substrate for colonization by epibionts, while commensal and ectoparasitic organisms live within their mantle cavities. Giant clams Keywords: increase the topographic heterogeneity of the reef, act as reservoirs of zooxanthellae (Symbiodinium spp.), Carbonate budgets and also potentially counteract eutrophication via water filtering. Finally, dense populations of giant Conservation Epibiota clams produce large quantities of calcium carbonate shell material that are eventually incorporated into Eutrophication the reef framework. Unfortunately, giant clams are under great pressure from overfishing and extirpa- Giant clams tions are likely to be detrimental to coral reefs. -
Taxonomy of Indonesian Giant Clams (Cardiidae, Tridacninae)
BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 13, Number 3, July 2012 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 118-123 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d130303 Taxonomy of Indonesian giant clams (Cardiidae, Tridacninae) UDHI EKO HERNAWAN♥ Biotic Conservation Area of Tual Sea, Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Jl. Merdeka, Katdek Tual, Southeast Maluku 97611. Tel. +92-916-23839, Fax. +62-916-23873, ♥email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 20 December 2010. Revision accepted: 20 June 2011. ABSTRACT Hernawan E. 2012. Taxonomy of Indonesian giant clams (Cardiidae, Tridacninae). Biodiversitas 13: 118-123. A taxonomic study was conducted on the giant clam’s specimens deposited in Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB), Cibinong Indonesia. Taxonomic overviews of the examined specimens are given with diagnostic characters, remarks, habitat and distribution. Discussion is focused on specific characters distinguishing each species. From seven species known to distribute in Indonesian waters, there are six species, Tridacna squamosa Lamarck, 1819; T. gigas Linnaeus, 1758; T. derasa Roding, 1798; T. crocea Lamarck, 1819; T. maxima Roding,1798; and Hippopus hippopus Linnaeus, 1758. This study suggests the need for collecting specimen of H. porcellanus Rosewater, 1982. Important characters to distinguish species among Tridacninae are interlocking teeth on byssal orifice, life habits, presence of scales and inhalant siphon tentacles. Key words: Tridacninae, taxonomy, Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense INTRODUCTION family (Tridacnidae) or revised to be subfamily Tridacninae, included in family Cardiidae. Recently, based Giant clams, the largest bivalve in the world, occur on sperm ultrastructure and molecular phylogenetic studies, naturally in association with coral reefs throughout the the clams are belonging to family Cardiidae, subfamily tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific region. -
Giant Clams (Bivalvia : Cardiidae : Tridacninae)
Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, 2017, 55, 87-388 © S. J. Hawkins, D. J. Hughes, I. P. Smith, A. C. Dale, L. B. Firth, and A. J. Evans, Editors Taylor & Francis GIANT CLAMS (BIVALVIA: CARDIIDAE: TRIDACNINAE): A COMPREHENSIVE UPDATE OF SPECIES AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION, CURRENT THREATS AND CONSERVATION STATUS MEI LIN NEO1,11*, COLETTE C.C. WABNITZ2,3, RICHARD D. BRALEY4, GERALD A. HESLINGA5, CÉCILE FAUVELOT6, SIMON VAN WYNSBERGE7, SERGE ANDRÉFOUËT6, CHARLES WATERS8, AILEEN SHAU-HWAI TAN9, EDGARDO D. GOMEZ10, MARK J. COSTELLO8 & PETER A. TODD11* 1St. John’s Island National Marine Laboratory, c/o Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227, Singapore 2The Pacific Community (SPC), BPD5, 98800 Noumea, New Caledonia 3Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, AERL, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada 4Aquasearch, 6–10 Elena Street, Nelly Bay, Magnetic Island, Queensland 4819, Australia 5Indo-Pacific Sea Farms, P.O. Box 1206, Kailua-Kona, HI 96745, Hawaii, USA 6UMR ENTROPIE Institut de Recherche pour le développement, Université de La Réunion, CNRS; Centre IRD de Noumea, BPA5, 98848 Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia 7UMR ENTROPIE Institut de Recherche pour le développement, Université de La Réunion, CNRS; Centre IRD de Tahiti, BP529, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia 8Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, P. Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand 9School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia 10Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Velasquez Street, Quezon City 1101, Philippines 11Experimental Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117557, Singapore *Corresponding authors: Mei Lin Neo e-mail: [email protected] Peter A.