UNEP-WCMC technical report Review of selected species subject to long- standing import suspensions Part II: Asia and Oceania (Version edited for public release) Review of selected species subject to long-standing import suspensions. Part II: Asia and Oceania Prepared for The European Commission, Directorate General Environment, Directorate E - Global & Regional Challenges, LIFE ENV.E.2. – Global Sustainability, Trade & Multilateral Agreements, Brussels, Belgium Prepared February 2016 Copyright European Commission 2016 Citation UNEP-WCMC. 2016. Review of selected species subject to long-standing import suspensions. Part II: Asia and Oceania. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge. The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) is the specialist biodiversity assessment of the United Nations Environment Programme, the world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organization. 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Contents Introduction and summary ………………………………………………………………………………………………....1 Psittrichas fulgidus II/B ................................................................................................................. 3 Varanus beccarii II/B ..................................................................................................................... 7 Morelia boeleni II/B ....................................................................................................................... 10 Batagur borneoensis II/B .............................................................................................................. 13 Cuora amboinensis II/B ................................................................................................................ 17 Indotestudo forstenii II/B.............................................................................................................. 21 Hippopus hippopus II/B ............................................................................................................... 24 Tridacna crocea II/B ..................................................................................................................... 28 Tridacna derasa II/B ..................................................................................................................... 33 Tridacna maxima II/B .................................................................................................................. 42 Tridacna squamosa II/B ............................................................................................................... 48 Cypripedium japonicum II/B ....................................................................................................... 55 Cypripedium macranthos II/B ..................................................................................................... 59 Cypripedium margaritaceum II/B ............................................................................................... 62 Cypripedium micranthum II/B .................................................................................................... 63 Appendix……..……..……..……..……..……..……..……..……………………………………………………………………64 Introduction and summary This document provides reviews of 25 species/country combinations of species from Asia and Oceania currently subject to long-standing Article 4.6(b) import suspensions. The document is provided to inform discussions by the Scientific Review Group (SRG) as to whether these trade restrictions may still be warranted. Trade data were downloaded from the CITES Trade Database on 03/02/2016 and the full dataset is available here: https://db.tt/3DWSozYS (direct trade) and https://db.tt/qiXLz0UM (indirect trade). 1 . 2 PSITTACIFORMES: PSITTACIDAE Psittrichas fulgidus II/B SYNONYMS: Banksianus fulgidus COMMON NAMES: Vulturine Parrot (EN), Psittrichas de Pesquet (FR), Loro aguileño (ES) Indonesia, Papua New Guinea RANGE STATES: Indonesia, Papua New Guinea UNDER REVIEW: Current Article 4.6(b) import restriction for wild specimens from Indonesia and EU DECISIONS: Papua New Guinea first applied on 22/12/1997 and last confirmed on 28/05/2015. IUCN: Vulnerable Trade patterns Psittrichas fulgidus was listed in Appendix III by Ghana on 26/02/1976 and was included in Appendix II on 06/06/1981 under the order listing for Psittaciformes. It was included in Annex B of the EU Wildlife Trade Regulations on 01/06/1997, also as part of the order listing. Indonesia Indonesia have not published annual export quotas for P. fulgidus for the period 2005-2016, and have submitted annual reports for all years 2005-2014; the 2014 data was not received in time for inclusion in this report. Direct exports of P. fulgidus from Indonesia to the EU-28 2005-2014 comprised very low levels of live, captive-bred individuals for captive breeding or commercial purposes (Table 1). Direct trade in P. fulgidus from Indonesia to countries other than the EU-28 2005-2014 comprised live, captive-bred individuals for the purpose of commercial trade (Table 1). No indirect trade in P. fulgidus originating in Indonesia to the EU-28 was reported 2005-2014. Table 1: Direct exports of Psittrichas fulgidus from Indonesia to the EU-28 and the rest of the world (RoW), 2005-2014. All trade was in live, captive- bred individuals. Importer Purpose Reported by 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 EU28 B Importer 6 8 6 Exporter T Importer 3 Exporter 6 6 7 8 8 6 4 RoW T Importer 6 34 Exporter 6 6 34 Source: CITES Trade Database, UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK, downloaded on 03/02/2016 Papua New Guinea 3 Papua New Guinea has not published any export quotas for P. fulgidus 2005-2016 and have not yet submitted an annual report for 2014. No direct or indirect trade in P. fulgidus from Papua New Guinea to the EU-28 or the rest of the world was reported over the period 2005-2014. Conservation status Psittrichas fulgidus is a large species of parrot (Low, 1990) endemic to the island of New Guinea (Mack and Wright, 1998). It was reported to be patchily distributed (Mack and Wright, 1998) within primary and tall secondary forest in foothills and lower mountains, with the majority of records within an altitude of 500 to 1800 m (Mack and Wright, 1998), although it was occasionally found at lower altitudes (Collar and Kirwan 2013; Mack and Wright, 1998). It is a specialised frugivore, feeding on a few species of fig in the wild, although it can survive on other fruits in captivity (Pryor et al., 2001). It relies on large cavities in trees for nest sites (Mack and Wright, 1998; Igag, 2003) and both parents feed the young (Kagl et al., 2015). Based on captive birds, the life span is around 20-40 years (Mack and Wright, 1998) and the usual brood size was reported to be two (Collar and Kirwan, 2013) although hunters in Papua New Guinea reported that only one egg is laid in the wild (Kagl et al., 2015). P. fulgidus was categorised as Vulnerable by the IUCN in 2012, as the species was suspected to be undergoing a rapid population decline over three generations (BirdLife International, 2012). P. fulgidus was found to be generally rare within its range (BirdLife International, 2012) and there is evidence that this species has been extirpated from some areas of forest (Snyder et al., 2000) particularly from areas of forest near human habitation (Collar and Kirwan, 2013). The highest densities of P. fulgidus were recorded in tracts of relatively undisturbed forest (Juniper and Parr, 1998), although it was noted that there have been very few studies into population size (Snyder et al., 2000). The only population estimate for P. fulgidus of 21 000 pairs was considered to be a crude estimate based on two pairs inhabiting an area of 14 km2 at Crater Mountain in Papua New Guinea, which was extrapolated based on the available suitable habitat within the correct altitudinal range (Mack and Wright, 1998). The authors reported that this may be an overestimation, which is supported by another study at Crater Mountain