Dictionnaires Usuels Du Japonais Pour L'exercice De Traduction

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Dictionnaires Usuels Du Japonais Pour L'exercice De Traduction Damien Kunik, Université de Genève Version de travail, mise à jour le 1er octobre 2010 Dictionnaires usuels pour l’exercice de traduction Japonais-Français Dictionnaires lexicaux kokugo Kôjien 広辞苑 (240'000 entrées) Shinmura Izuru, Tōkyō : Iwanami shoten, 2008, 2858 p., 6ème éd. Le dictionnaire le plus vendu au Japon. Dictionnaire de référence classique le plus souvent cité par les médias. Référencement du lexique selon le système gojûon (50 syllabes). Les définitions des mots sont données chronologiquement, ce qui implique que la première entrée renvoie à la définition la plus ancienne du terme recherché. Cette spécificité, intéressante du point de vue étymologique, ne facilite pas nécessairement la tâche de traduction. Daijirin 大辞林 (238'000 entrées) Matsumura Akira (et al.), Tôkyô : Sanseidô shoten, 2006, 2754 p., 3ème éd. Concurrent direct du Kôjien. Référencement du lexique selon le système gojûon (50 syllabes). Présentation plus claire et plus aérée, peut-être plus agréable à l’œil. Le Daijirin prend le parti de n’offrir que les définitions actuelles des mots qu’il référence. Ceci simplifie évidemment l’exercice de traduction courant, mais limite un peu la portée étymologique du dictionnaire. Voir également Nihongo Daijiten (日本語大辞典, Kôdansha, 1989), Daijisen (大辞泉, Shôgakukan, 1995) et Meikyô kokugo jiten (明鏡国語辞典, Taishukan, 2002) Ces différents dictionnaires, tous recommandables aux étudiants, s’inspirent plutôt du format du Daijirin (clarté dans la présentation, valeur actuelle du sens des mots référencés, etc.). Dictionnaire Jp-Fr Nouveau dictionnaire Petit Royal Japonais-Français プチ·ロワヤル和仏辞典 Tsunegawa Kunio (et al.), Tôkyô : Ôbunsha, 2003, 1366 p., 2ème éd. Relativement pauvre et incomplet, il s’agit du seul dictionnaire japonais-français remis régulièrement à jour. Recommandé faut de mieux. Dictionnaires d’idéogrammes Dai kanwa jiten 大漢和辞典 (50'000 kanji 530'000 composés) Morohashi Tetsuji, Tôkyô : Taishukan, 1955-2000, 15 vol. Le plus important dictionnaire d’idéogrammes à ce jour (dictionnaires chinois inclus). Œuvre colossale de Morohashi Tetsuji qui y a consacré toute sa vie. Si un idéogramme existe quelque part en Asie, il figure dans le Dai Kanwa Jiten. Dans les faits, la foison des entrées, des nuances de graphies, des références étymologiques rend ce dictionnaire parfaitement indigeste pour l’exercice de traduction. Connaître l’existence de cet ouvrage peut néanmoins s’avérer nécessaire. À recommander aux linguistes et aux paléographes d’abord. The New Nelson Japanese-English Character Dictionnary 新版ネルソン漢英辞典 (7'000 entrées) Nelson Andrew, Rutland ; Tokyo : C.E. Tuttle, 2002, 1600 p. Le dictionnaire d’idéogrammes offrant une traduction en langue occidentale (ici, l’anglais) le plus complet. Recherche par clé / nombre de traits résiduels. Attention : ce document s’adresse avant tout aux étudiants du Bachelor Japonais de l’Université de Genève, cherchant une liste d’outils accessibles et disponibles dans notre bibliothèque pour l’exercice de traduction de textes japonais modernes. Il n’est pas fait mention ici des ouvrages spécifiques à l’exercice de traduction du japonais ancien et classique. Damien Kunik, Université de Genève Version de travail, mise à jour le 1er octobre 2010 Kanji & kana (1945 entrées) Hadamitzky Wolfgang, Paris : J. Maisonneuve, 2006, 394 p., 4ème éd. Petit dictionnaire d’idéogrammes référençant les 1945 idéogrammes d’usage courant (jôyô kanji) et offrant une traduction française du sens de ceux-ci. Généralement suffisant pour les étudiants en Bachelor, relativement bon marché, pratique pour la révision. Recherche par clé / nombre de traits résiduels. Recommandé. Dictionnaire des noms de personnes Japanese names : A comprehensive index by characters and readings O'Neill Patrick Geoffrey, New York ; Tokyo : J. Weatherhill, 1995, 359 p. Les noms de personnes ne respectant parfois pas la lecture ordinaire des idéogrammes qui les composent, ce dictionnaire, très spécifique, peut faciliter le travail du traducteur. Dictionnaire en ligne World Wide Web Japanese dictionary (http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~jwb/cgi-bin/wwwjdic.cgi?1C) Gratuit. Compte tenu de son accessibilité, dictionnaire japonais-anglais/anglais-japonais très intéressant et simple d’emploi. Dictionnaire d’idéogrammes très complet également. La recherche des idéogrammes se fait par la méthode clé / nombre de traits résiduels ou par décomposition des éléments. Possibilité enfin de rechercher un terme dans de nombreux dictionnaires spécifiques (noms propres, noms de personnes, termes légaux, termes médicaux, dictionnaire bouddhique, etc.). Ce dictionnaire en ligne n’offre cependant pas la richesse lexicale d’un dictionnaire kokugo. Dictionnaires électroniques Plusieurs marques (Casio Ex-Word, Canon Wordtank, Sharp Brain, SII, et depuis peu Nintendo DS, iPhone, etc.) Compte-tenu du prix moyen d’un dictionnaire électronique et de la difficulté d’acquérir ceux-ci en dehors du Japon, la pertinence de l’achat d’un tel outil durant le cursus de Bachelor est plus que discutable. Les dictionnaires électroniques ont pour eux l’avantage d’une portabilité inégalable, et, étant de plus en plus souvent dotés d’un écran tactile, ils permettent de tracer directement les idéogrammes recherchés sans passer par une recherche fastidieuse des clés et des trais résiduels. Cependant, le premier avantage d’un dictionnaire électronique (et l’avantage qui justifie véritablement le prix d’un tel dictionnaire) est d’offrir dans une même machine des dizaines de dictionnaires spécialisés (au minimum 1-2 bons dictionnaires kokugo, 1-2 dictionnaires d’idéogrammes, une encyclopédie générale, puis, selon les modèles, des dictionnaires spécifiques de grammaire, de traduction, des dictionnaires scientifiques, etc.). Payer plusieurs centaines de francs pour un dictionnaire électronique uniquement parce qu’il offre la fonctionnalité de traduction japonais-français tient de l’aberration car : 1) 99% de ces dictionnaires n’offrent qu’une version électronique du Petit Royal qui, rappelons-le, est pauvre, incomplet et bien meilleur marché en version papier 2) les étudiants en Bachelor n’auront pas l’utilité des nombreux autres dictionnaires proposés, et risquent, de fait, de se diriger vers un modèle proposant des dictionnaires kokugo de moindre qualité 3) ces mêmes étudiants, qui découvriront un jour l’utilité des dictionnaires kokugo et des dictionnaires d’idéogrammes, auront fait l’achat d’un dictionnaire électronique pas forcément bon, mais forcément dépassé par des modèles plus récents, peut- être meilleurs et moins chers. Attention : ce document s’adresse avant tout aux étudiants du Bachelor Japonais de l’Université de Genève, cherchant une liste d’outils accessibles et disponibles dans notre bibliothèque pour l’exercice de traduction de textes japonais modernes. Il n’est pas fait mention ici des ouvrages spécifiques à l’exercice de traduction du japonais ancien et classique. .
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