DOCSLIB.ORG

Global Climate Change: National Security Implications

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Global Climate Change: National Security Implications GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE: NATIONAL SECURITY IMPLICATIONS Carolyn Pumphrey Editor May 2008 Visit our website for other free publication downloads http://www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/ To rate this publication click here. This publication is a work of the U.S. Government as defined in Title 17, United States Code, Section 101. As such, it is in the public domain, and under the provisions of Title 17, United States Code, Section 105, it may not be copyrighted. ***** The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This report is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. ***** Comments pertaining to this report are invited and should be forwarded to: Director, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 122 Forbes Ave, Carlisle, PA 17013-5244. ***** All Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) publications are available on the SSI homepage for electronic dissemination. Hard copies of this report also may be ordered from our homepage. SSI’s homepage address is: www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil. ***** The Strategic Studies Institute publishes a monthly e-mail newsletter to update the national security community on the research of our analysts, recent and forthcoming publications, and upcoming conferences sponsored by the Institute. Each newsletter also provides a strategic commentary by one of our research analysts. If you are interested in receiving this newsletter, please subscribe on our homepage at www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army. mil/newsletter/. ISBN 1-58487-352-3 ii CONTENTS Preface..............................................................................vii Introduction Carolyn Pumphrey........................................................1 1. DEFINING THE PROBLEM .........................................23 A National Security Issue? How People Tried to Frame Global Warming Spencer R. Weart .......................................................23 The Science of Climate Change Robert W. Corell.........................................................45 A Threat Assessment Richard A. Matthew.................................................. 55 Commentator James A. Rotenberg.................................................... 69 Discussion ........................................................................71 2. HUMAN SECURITY .....................................................77 Water, Climate Change, and Human Security Erika Weinthal............................................................77 On Climate Change and Infectious Disease: Implications for Political Destabilization and Conflict Andrew Price-Smith ..................................................86 Climate Change, Population Movements, and Conflict Timothy J. McKeown..................................................99 iii Commentator David Gilmartin.......................................................119 Discussion .....................................................................124 3. U.S. NATIONAL DEFENSE.......................................127 Climate Change: Complicating the Struggle against Extremist Ideology Kent Hughes Butts...................................................127 Under What Conditions Could Climate Change Pose a Threat to U.S. National Security? Joshua Busby.............................................................142 The “Perfect Storm” John T. Ackerman.....................................................155 Commentator Gregory M. Douquet................................................175 Discussion .....................................................................178 4. MEETING THE CHALLENGE ..................................187 International Diplomacy Dennis Tänzler ........................................................187 Meeting the Challenge of Climate Change: The Role of the Corporation Simon Rich ..............................................................202 Climate Change in the American Mind Anthony Leiserowitz................................................213 Commentator Marvin S. Soroos..................................................... 227 iv Discussion .....................................................................232 5. PREPARING FOR A CHANGED ENVIRONMENT..........................................................237 Achilles’ Other Heel: Early Warning Systems Michael H. Glantz....................................................237 Good Governance and Stability Robert H. Dorff.........................................................253 Defense Planning Henry H. Gaffney, Jr................................................260 Commentator William Schlesinger................................................. 273 Discussion .....................................................................276 6. OPPORTUNITIES OR OBSTACLES FOR THE MILITARY ..................................................281 Climate, Energy, and Security—A Related Set of Challenges E. Thomas Morehouse, Jr.........................................281 Military Technology and Renewable Energy David A. Sheets........................................................302 Warfare and Climate Change Karen Lesley Hulme..................................................312 Commentator Christopher H. Schroeder.........................................333 Discussion .....................................................................338 v 7. THE U.S. MILITARY: PLANNING FOR THE FUTURE................................347 The Role of the Military in Civil Support Bert B. Tussing.........................................................347 Peace Operations William L. Nash........................................................366 The Strategic Challenges of the U.S. Army in the Face of Global Climate Change Douglas V. Johnson II..............................................373 Commentator Richard J. Kilroy, Jr..................................................379 Discussion .....................................................................384 8. KEYNOTE AND SUMMATION..................................391 Keynote Address Paul J. Kern..............................................................392 Synopsis and Concluding Remarks Richard Weitz...........................................................408 General Wrap Up .........................................................420 About the Contributors .....................................................431 vi PREFACE On March 30-31, 2007, the Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) and the Triangle Institute for Security Studies (TISS) held a colloquium on “Global Climate Change: National Security Implications.” The 2-day event took place in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and was well- attended by both academics and members of the U.S. Government and the Armed Forces. This edited volume is based on this event. It reflects, as closely as possible, the form and content of the conference. Each chapter is based on a conference panel. The final chapter contains a keynote talk by General Paul Kern (USA-Ret.) and concluding remarks by Dr. Richard Weitz. The first seven chapters each contain three essays, a comment, and a discussion. The essays are not exact reproductions of the talks given at the conference. They remain true in spirit and length to the originals but have been adapted to be read. The question and answer sessions have been abbreviated in the interests of space. The reader who would like to hear exactly what was said at the conference is invited to turn to the video-taped proceedings which are posted on the TISS web site at www.tiss-nc.org. The linkage between climate change and national security has received increasing attention over the last year, and the colloquium provided some timely insights. TISS would thank all those who made it possible. Too many individuals and institutions provided conceptual and other help along the way to be enumerated here. But we would like to acknowledge a few in particular. First, we owe thanks to the U.S. Army War College (USAWC) both for generous financial support and for recognizing this as a subject worthy of serious intellectual discussion. Second, we owe thanks to the vii participants. Their collegiality and professionalism made organizing this event a rare pleasure and the conference itself a success. Besides these, the editor would like to express personal gratitude to a few individuals: Dr. Timothy McKeown, UNC-Chapel Hill, who first suggested that TISS look at the security implications of climate change; Dr. Kent Butts, USAWC, who insisted in the face of the skeptics that such a conference would be worth doing; Dr. Alex Roland, TISS Acting Director, who was instrumental in framing the agenda; and Dr. Douglas Johnson, SSI, who assisted from start to finish. Thanks also go to Michelle Koeneke for her invaluable assistance in organizing the conference and to Joseph W. Caddell, Jr., who read this manuscript. Last but not least, thanks go to Lowell Pumphrey, who wrote his senior thesis on the “Economics of Power Alcohol” (Princeton, 1936). He lived to learn all about the conference, though not to see the completion of this book. This volume is dedicated to him. CAROLYN PUMPHREY, Ph.D. Program and Outreach Coordinator Triangle Institute for Security Studies viii INTRODUCTION Carolyn Pumphrey Triangle Institute for Security Studies The Evolution of a Problem. Until fairly recent times no one thought climate changed, let alone was influenced by human activities. By the 19th
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Climate Change and Human Health: Risks and Responses
    Climate change and human health RISKS AND RESPONSES Editors A.J. McMichael The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia D.H. Campbell-Lendrum London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom C.F. Corvalán World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland K.L. Ebi World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, European Centre for Environment and Health, Rome, Italy A.K. Githeko Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya J.D. Scheraga US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA A. Woodward University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION GENEVA 2003 WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Climate change and human health : risks and responses / editors : A. J. McMichael . [et al.] 1.Climate 2.Greenhouse effect 3.Natural disasters 4.Disease transmission 5.Ultraviolet rays—adverse effects 6.Risk assessment I.McMichael, Anthony J. ISBN 92 4 156248 X (NLM classification: WA 30) ©World Health Organization 2003 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Marketing and Dis- semination, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 2476; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications—whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution—should be addressed to Publications, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; email: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • “He Was One of Us” – Joseph Conrad As a Home Army Author
    Yearbook of Conrad Studies (Poland) Vol. 13 2018, pp. 17–29 doi: 0.4467/20843941YC.18.002.11237 “HE WAS ONE OF US” – JOSEPH CONRAD AS A HOME ARMY AUTHOR Stefan Zabierowski The University of Silesia, Katowice Abstract: The aim of this article is to show how Conrad’s fiction (and above all the novelLord Jim) influenced the formation of the ethical attitudes and standards of the members of the Polish Home Army, which was the largest underground army in Nazi-occupied Europe. The core of this army was largely made up of young people who had been born around the year 1920 (i.e. after Poland had regained her independence in 1918) and who had had the opportunity to become acquainted with Conrad’s books during the interwar years. During the wartime occupation, Conrad became the fa- vourite author of those who were actively engaged in fighting the Nazi regime, familiarizing young conspirators with the ethics of honour—the conviction that fighting in a just cause was a reward in itself, regardless of the outcome. The views of this generation of soldiers have been recorded by the writers who were among them: Jan Józef Szczepański, Andrzej Braun and Leszek Prorok. Keywords: Joseph Conrad, World War II, Poland, Polish Home Army, Home Army, Warsaw Uprising 1 In order to fully understand the extraordinary role that Joseph Conrad’s novels played in forming the ethical attitudes and standards of those Poles who fought in the Home Army—which was the largest underground resistance army in Nazi-occupied Europe—we must go back to the interwar years, during which most of the members of the generation that was to form the core of the Home Army were born, for it was then that their personalities were formed and—perhaps above all—it was then that they acquired the particular ethos that they had in common.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright © London Branch of the Polish Home Army Ex-Servicemen Association Copying Permitted with Reference to Source and Authors
    Copyright © London Branch of the Polish Home Army Ex-Servicemen Association Copying permitted with reference to source and authors www.polishresistance-ak.org Article 17 Dr Grzegorz Ostasz, The Polish Government-in-Exile's Home Delegature During the Second World War the Polish Underground State was based on a collection of political and military organisations striving for independence. These were formed throughout Polish territories, then under German and Soviet occupation. The long tradition of struggles for independence was conducive to their creation. Already in the autumn of 1939 measures were taken to appoint an underground central administrative authority that would be a continuation of the pre-war state administration. The Statute of Service for Victory in Poland referred to the necessity of creating ‘a provisional national authority on home territory’. Likewise General Wladyslaw Sikorski’s cabinet endeavoured to establish a governmental executive organ in occupied Poland. At the start of 1940 it was decided that a home territories civilian commissioner would be granted ministerial prerogatives and hold the position of the Government-in-Exile’s delegate (plenipotentiary). Hope of the imminent defeat of the occupying powers and a repetition of the First World War scenario hastened the construction of a government administration ready to take over control of a liberated and ‘unclaimed Polish land’. The tasks of such an organisation were to include: cooperating with the Government-in-Exile (allied to France and Great Britain) and the Union for Armed Struggle (later the Home Army); participating in the planning of a general rising; consolidating the Polish community and directing its resistance to the German-Soviet occupation.
    [Show full text]
  • Joint Force Quarterly 97
    Issue 97, 2nd Quarter 2020 JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY Broadening Traditional Domains Commercial Satellites and National Security Ulysses S. Grant and the U.S. Navy ISSUE NINETY-SEVEN, 2 ISSUE NINETY-SEVEN, ND QUARTER 2020 Joint Force Quarterly Founded in 1993 • Vol. 97, 2nd Quarter 2020 https://ndupress.ndu.edu GEN Mark A. Milley, USA, Publisher VADM Frederick J. Roegge, USN, President, NDU Editor in Chief Col William T. Eliason, USAF (Ret.), Ph.D. Executive Editor Jeffrey D. Smotherman, Ph.D. Production Editor John J. Church, D.M.A. Internet Publications Editor Joanna E. Seich Copyeditor Andrea L. Connell Associate Editor Jack Godwin, Ph.D. Book Review Editor Brett Swaney Art Director Marco Marchegiani, U.S. Government Publishing Office Advisory Committee Ambassador Erica Barks-Ruggles/College of International Security Affairs; RDML Shoshana S. Chatfield, USN/U.S. Naval War College; Col Thomas J. Gordon, USMC/Marine Corps Command and Staff College; MG Lewis G. Irwin, USAR/Joint Forces Staff College; MG John S. Kem, USA/U.S. Army War College; Cassandra C. Lewis, Ph.D./College of Information and Cyberspace; LTG Michael D. Lundy, USA/U.S. Army Command and General Staff College; LtGen Daniel J. O’Donohue, USMC/The Joint Staff; Brig Gen Evan L. Pettus, USAF/Air Command and Staff College; RDML Cedric E. Pringle, USN/National War College; Brig Gen Kyle W. Robinson, USAF/Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy; Brig Gen Jeremy T. Sloane, USAF/Air War College; Col Blair J. Sokol, USMC/Marine Corps War College; Lt Gen Glen D. VanHerck, USAF/The Joint Staff Editorial Board Richard K.
    [Show full text]
  • Lightning in a Bottle
    LIGHTNING IN A BOTTLE A Sony Pictures Classics Release 106 minutes EAST COAST: WEST COAST: EXHIBITOR CONTACTS: FALCO INK BLOCK-KORENBROT SONY PICTURES CLASSICS STEVE BEEMAN LEE GINSBERG CARMELO PIRRONE 850 SEVENTH AVENUE, 8271 MELROSE AVENUE, ANGELA GRESHAM SUITE 1005 SUITE 200 550 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10024 LOS ANGELES, CA 90046 8TH FLOOR PHONE: (212) 445-7100 PHONE: (323) 655-0593 NEW YORK, NY 10022 FAX: (212) 445-0623 FAX: (323) 655-7302 PHONE: (212) 833-8833 FAX: (212) 833-8844 Visit the Sony Pictures Classics Internet site at: http:/www.sonyclassics.com 1 Volkswagen of America presents A Vulcan Production in Association with Cappa Productions & Jigsaw Productions Director of Photography – Lisa Rinzler Edited by – Bob Eisenhardt and Keith Salmon Musical Director – Steve Jordan Co-Producer - Richard Hutton Executive Producer - Martin Scorsese Executive Producers - Paul G. Allen and Jody Patton Producer- Jack Gulick Producer - Margaret Bodde Produced by Alex Gibney Directed by Antoine Fuqua Old or new, mainstream or underground, music is in our veins. Always has been, always will be. Whether it was a VW Bug on its way to Woodstock or a VW Bus road-tripping to one of the very first blues festivals. So here's to that spirit of nostalgia, and the soul of the blues. We're proud to sponsor of LIGHTNING IN A BOTTLE. Stay tuned. Drivers Wanted. A Presentation of Vulcan Productions The Blues Music Foundation Dolby Digital Columbia Records Legacy Recordings Soundtrack album available on Columbia Records/Legacy Recordings/Sony Music Soundtrax Copyright © 2004 Blues Music Foundation, All Rights Reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae 1 Anthony A
    Anthony A. Leiserowitz Research Scientist & Director, Yale Project on New Haven, CT 06511 Climate Change Communication (203) 432-4865 (office) School of Forestry & Environmental Studies (203) 436-3400 (fax) Yale University [email protected] 195 Prospect Street http://environment.yale.edu/climate Education University of Oregon Environmental Science, Studies and Policy Ph.D. 2003 University of Oregon Environmental Studies M.S. 1998 Michigan State University International Relations B.A. 1990 Positions Held 2007 – present Research Scientist, Lecturer & Director, Yale Project on Climate Change Communication: School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University. 2004 – 2009 Principal Investigator: Center for Research on Environmental Decisions, Columbia University. 2007 Consultant: School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University. 2003 – 2007 Research Scientist: Decision Research, Eugene, Oregon. 2003 – present Courtesy Professor: Environmental Studies Program, University of Oregon. 2003 – 2004 Consultant: John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. 1999 – 2003 Research Assistant: Departments of Biology and Geography and the Environmental Studies Program, University of Oregon. 1998 – 2003 Instructor: Environmental Studies Program and Department of Geography, University of Oregon. 1997 – 2003 Graduate Teaching Fellow: Environmental Studies Program and Department of Geography, University of Oregon. 1995 – 1996 Executive Director: Michigan Museum of Surveying, Lansing, MI. 1991 – 1993 Education Coordinator: Aspen Global Change Institute, Aspen, CO. 1988 – 1990 Legislative Assistant: Michigan State Senator William Faust, Lansing, MI. 10/8/2013 Curriculum Vitae 1 Anthony A. Leiserowitz Peer-Reviewed Publications Lee, T., Markowitz, E., Howe, P., Ko, C.Y., & Leiserowitz, A. (in review) Key factors driving public climate change awareness and risk perception worldwide. Nature Climate Change. Thaker, J. & Leiserowitz, A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Political, Security, and Climate Landscape in Oceania
    The Political, Security, and Climate Landscape in Oceania Prepared for the US Department of Defense’s Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance May 2020 Written by: Jonah Bhide Grace Frazor Charlotte Gorman Claire Huitt Christopher Zimmer Under the supervision of Dr. Joshua Busby 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 United States 8 Oceania 22 China 30 Australia 41 New Zealand 48 France 53 Japan 61 Policy Recommendations for US Government 66 3 Executive Summary Research Question The current strategic landscape in Oceania comprises a variety of complex and cross-cutting themes. The most salient of which is climate change and its impact on multilateral political networks, the security and resilience of governments, sustainable development, and geopolitical competition. These challenges pose both opportunities and threats to each regionally-invested government, including the United States — a power present in the region since the Second World War. This report sets out to answer the following questions: what are the current state of international affairs, complexities, risks, and potential opportunities regarding climate security ​ issues and geostrategic competition in Oceania? And, what policy recommendations and approaches should the US government explore to improve its regional standing and secure its national interests? The report serves as a primer to explain and analyze the region’s state of affairs, and to discuss possible ways forward for the US government. Given that we conducted research from August 2019 through May 2020, the global health crisis caused by the novel coronavirus added additional challenges like cancelling fieldwork travel. However, the pandemic has factored into some of the analysis in this report to offer a first look at what new opportunities and perils the United States will face in this space.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Development Report 2007/2008 International Public Opinion, Perception, and Understanding of Global Climate Change Anthony
    Human Development Report 2007/2008 Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world Human Development Report Office OCCASIONAL PAPER International Public Opinion, Perception, and Understanding of Global Climate Change Anthony Leiserowitz 2007/31 INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC OPINION, PERCEPTION, AND UNDERSTANDING OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE Dr. Anthony Leiserowitz Yale University I. INTRODUCTION The release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere by the burning of fossil fuels is, conceivably, the most important environmental issue in the world today.” (Nature, 1979) Natural scientists have described global warming1 as perhaps the preeminent environmental risk confronting the world in the 21st century. Meanwhile, social scientists have found that public risk perceptions strongly influence the way people respond to hazards. What the public perceives as a risk, why they perceive it that way, and how they will subsequently behave are thus vital questions for policy makers attempting to address global climate change, in which the effects are delayed, have inequitable distributions of costs and benefits, and are beyond the control of any one group. Public support or opposition to proposed climate policies will also be greatly influenced by their risk perceptions. Further, “scientists need to know how the public is likely to respond to climate impacts or initiatives, because those responses can attenuate or amplify the impacts” (Bord, Fisher, & O’Connor, 1998, p. 75). This thematic paper summarizes international public opinion, perception, and understanding of global climate change and reports results from an in-depth study of public climate change risk perceptions, policy preferences and individual behaviors in the United States. II. GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE Background Scientific identification of anthropogenic climate change and assessments of the potential consequences date back nearly 200 years.
    [Show full text]
  • PETER D. HOWE Associate Professor
    PETER D. HOWE Associate Professor Department of Environment & Society email: [email protected] Quinney College of Natural Resources web: http://www.peterhowe.org Utah State University office: +1-435-797-9457 5215 Old Main Hill fax: +1-435-797-4048 Logan, UT 84322-5215 APPOINTMENTS CURRENT Associate Professor of Human-Environment Geography, Department of Environment and Society, S.J. and Jessie E. Quinney College of Natural Resources, Utah State University (2019–present) Faculty Associate, Ecology Center, Utah State University Faculty Associate, Center for Society, Economy, and the Environment, Utah State University Research Affiliate, Yale Program on Climate Change Communication, Yale University PREVIOUS Assistant Professor of Human-Environment Geography, Department of Environment and Society, S.J. and Jessie E. Quinney College of Natural Resources, Utah State University (2013–2019) Postdoctoral Associate, School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University (2012–2013) EDUCATION 2012 Ph.D. in Geography, The Pennsylvania State University Dissertation: Fingerprints of Global Warming on Public Perceptions and Beliefs 2009 M.S. in Geography, The Pennsylvania State University Thesis: Hurricane Risk Perceptions and Preparedness among Florida Business Owners 2007 B.S. in Geography & Certificate in Geographic Information Science, Arizona State University B.A. in Political Science & Certificate in International Studies, Arizona State University Graduate of the Barrett Honors College, summa cum laude Thesis: Imparting the Waters: Discourse Geographies of an Arizona Water Rights Settlement REFEREED PUBLICATIONS *student author; IF: 2017 Journal Impact Factor 2021 Wilkins, Emily*, Jordan Smith, and Peter D. Howe. 2021. Social media reveal ecoregional variation in how weather influences visitor behavior in U.S. National Park Service units.
    [Show full text]
  • I,St=-Rn Endorsedb~ Chief, Policy, Information, Performance, and Exports
    NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY CENTRAL SECURITY SERVICE NSA/CSS POLICY 2-4 Issue Date: IO May 20 I 9 Revised: HANDLING OF REQUESTS FOR RELEASE OF U.S. IDENTITIES PURPOSE AND SCOPE This policy, developed in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence (DNI), the Attorney General, and the Secretary of Defense, implements Intelligence Community Policy Guidance I 07 .1 , "Requests for Identities of U.S. Persons in Disseminated Intelligence Reports" (Reference a), and prescribes the policy, procedures, and responsibilities for responding to a requesting entity, other than NSA/CSS, for post-publication release and dissemination of masked US person idenlity information in disseminated serialized NSA/CSS reporting. This policy applies exclusively to requests from a requesting entity, other than NSA/CSS, for post-publication release and dissemination of nonpublic US person identity information that was masked in a disseminated serialized NSA/CSS report. This policy does not apply in circumstances where a U.S. person has consented to the dissemination of communications to, from, or about the U.S. person. This policy applies to all NSA/CSS personnel and to all U.S. Cryptologic System Government personnel performing an NSA/CSS mission. \ This policy does not affect any minimization procedures established pursuant to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (Reference b), Executive Order 12333 (Reference £), or other provisions of law. This policy does not affect the requirements established in Annex A, "Dissemination of Congressional Identity Information," of Intelligence Community Directive 112, "Congressional Notification" (Reference d). ~A General, U.S. Army Director, NSA/Chief, CSS i,st=-rn Endorsedb~ Chief, Policy, Information, Performance, and Exports NSA/CSS Policy 2-4 is approved for public release.
    [Show full text]
  • FOIA) Document Clearinghouse in the World
    This document is made available through the declassification efforts and research of John Greenewald, Jr., creator of: The Black Vault The Black Vault is the largest online Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) document clearinghouse in the world. The research efforts here are responsible for the declassification of hundreds of thousands of pages released by the U.S. Government & Military. Discover the Truth at: http://www.theblackvault.com Received Received Request ID Requester Name Organization Closed Date Final Disposition Request Description Mode Date 17-F-0001 Greenewald, John The Black Vault PAL 10/3/2016 11/4/2016 Granted/Denied in Part I respectfully request a copy of records, electronic or otherwise, of all contracts past and present, that the DOD / OSD / JS has had with the British PR firm Bell Pottinger. Bell Pottinger Private (legally BPP Communications Ltd.; informally Bell Pottinger) is a British multinational public relations and marketing company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. 17-F-0002 Palma, Bethania - PAL 10/3/2016 11/4/2016 Other Reasons - No Records Contracts with Bell Pottinger for information operations and psychological operations. (Date Range for Record Search: From 01/01/2007 To 12/31/2011) 17-F-0003 Greenewald, John The Black Vault Mail 10/3/2016 1/13/2017 Other Reasons - Not a proper FOIA I respectfully request a copy of the Intellipedia category index page for the following category: request for some other reason Nuclear Weapons Glossary 17-F-0004 Jackson, Brian - Mail 10/3/2016 - - I request a copy of any available documents related to Army Intelligence's participation in an FBI counterintelligence source operation beginning in about 1959, per David Wise book, "Cassidy's Run," under the following code names: ZYRKSEEZ SHOCKER I am also interested in obtaining Army Intelligence documents authorizing, as well as policy documents guiding, the use of an Army source in an FBI operation.
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond Internal Conflict: the Emergent Practice of Climate Security
    Journal of Peace Research 2021, Vol. 58(1) 186–194 Beyond internal conflict: The emergent ª The Author(s) 2020 Article reuse guidelines: practice of climate security sagepub.com/journals-permissions DOI: 10.1177/0022343320971019 journals.sagepub.com/home/jpr Joshua W Busby LBJ School of Public Affairs, University of Austin-Texas Abstract The field of climate and security has matured over the past 15 years, moving from the margins of academic research and policy discussion to become a more prominent concern for the international community. The practice of climate and security has a broad set of concerns extending beyond climate change and armed conflict. Different national governments, international organizations, and forums have sought to mainstream climate security concerns empha- sizing a variety of challenges, including the risks to military bases, existential risks to low-lying island countries, resource competition, humanitarian emergencies, shocks to food security, migration, transboundary water manage- ment, and the risks of unintended consequences from climate policies. Despite greater awareness of these risks, the field still lacks good insights about what to do with these concerns, particularly in ‘fragile’ states with low capacity and exclusive political institutions. Keywords climate change, climate security, environmental security, human security During a visit to the Pacific island nation of Tuvalu in security; and third, how policy can be made more effec- 2019, UN Secretary-General Anto´nio Guterres wrote on tive going forward. Twitter: ‘We must stop Tuvalu from sinking and the world from sinking with Tuvalu’ (United Nations, The challenges 2019). Guterres underscored the existential risks of cli- mate change for low-lying island countries.
    [Show full text]