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Pasture Establishment and Management for Students of Vocational Agriculture in Korea

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Pasture Establishment and Management for Students of Vocational Agriculture in Korea Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1956 Pasture Establishment and Management for Students of Vocational Agriculture in Korea. Dai Hyen Baick Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Baick, Dai Hyen, "Pasture Establishment and Management for Students of Vocational Agriculture in Korea." (1956). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 164. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/164 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PASTURE ESTABLISHMENT AND MANAGEMENT FOR STUDENTS OF VOCATIONAL AGRICULTURE Ilf KOREA A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Vocational Agricultural Education by Dai Nyen Baick B.A., Tong-Gook University The Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas August, 1956 TO PROFESSOR AND MRS. E. V. WALTON ACKtia-JLEDGEMENT The writer sincerely wishes to express his grateful appreciation to Associate Professor Harry J. Braud of the Department of Vocational Agricultural Education, Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, for his constructive criticisms, valuable suggestions, and sympathetic guidance during the course of this study. He extends his appreciation to Mr, Russell L. Miller, Instructor in Agronomy, Department of Agronomy, Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College; and to Dr. R. C. Potts, Professor of Agronomy, Department of Agronomy, Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas for their valuable technical assistance during the course of this study. His appreciation is further extended to the members of the special advisory committee including Dr. Roy L. Davenport, Director of Resident Instruction and Professor of Vocational Agricultural Education, College of Agriculture; Dr. John C. Floyd, Professor and Head of the Department of Vocational Agricultural Education; Dr. Malcolm C. Gaar, Professor of the Department of Vocational Agricultural Education; and Dr. M. B. Sturgis, Head of the Department of Agronomy, all of Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, for their sympathetic assistance and guidance during the course of this study. Thanks are also extended to Mrs. Lois Hatchell, Secretary in the Department of Vocational Agricultural Education; Mrs. Jewell Ourso, Secretary to the Director of Resident Instruction, College of Agriculture; and Miss Sally Van Oss, Secretary in the Department of Vocational Agricultural Education for their assistance in preparing the final manu­ script. ii Gratitude is herein expressed to the writer's wife, Mrs. Jungkab S. Baick, for her inspiration and encouragement extended from our homeland during the process of this study. iii TABLE OF CONTENT Page DEDICATION.................................................. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT............................................. ii ABSTRACT.................................................... xii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION....................................... 1 A. THE MEANING OF VOCATIONAL AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION.... h B. THE PROBLEM..................................... 6 1* Statement of the problem............. 6 2. Purposes of the study............... 6 3. Importance of .the study....................... 6 It. Delimiting of the problem. ..... 8 5. Terminologies used........................... 8 C. METHODS OF INVESTIGATION......................... 8 1. Source of data....... 8 2. Treatment of data................. 8 D. CHARACTERISTICS OF KOREAN AGRICULTURE............. 9 1. Crop production. ..... •••*..... 9 2. Livestock production. ..... 10 3. Manures and commercial fertilizers........ ••••• 11 I*. Topography........................ 13 5. Climatology............ 15 6. Land utilization. ..... 17 II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE......................... 18 III. ESTABLISHMENT PRACTICES............................. 26 iv Page A. SELECTION OF AREAS AND TYPES OF PASTURE TO BE ADAPTED.................................... 26 1. Tame pasture............. 26 a. Permanent pasture........................ 26 b. Rotation pasture. ....... 27 c. Supplemental pasture....................... 28 d. Annual pasture............ 29 2. Natural or native pasture....................... 29 a. Range pastures.......... ... ............ 29 b. Woodland pastures....... ... ............... 30 c. Cutover or stump pastures... .... ........... 30 B. SELECTION AND INTRODUCTION OF PASTURE PLANT SPECIES... 31 1. Methods of preliminary selection and evaluation of pasture plant species..................... 31 a. The habitat for pastures in Korea........... 31 b. Criteria for selection and evaluation of pasture grasses.......................... 32 c. Yield potential............ .. ............ 3h d. Palatability............................. 3U e. Pasture value....................... 3h 2. Suitable pasture plant species to be selected from already existing population ofplant.. 35 a. Pasture grasses found in Korea......... 36 b. Pasture legumes found in Korea................ 37 3. Desirable pasture plant species to be introduced from abroad. .............. 38 a. Cool season fescue....... .. ... ............ 38 v Page b. Dallis grass............... ............... ^0 c. Alfalfa................................... 1*2 d. Bur clovers........... ........... ........ 52 C. PRINCIPLES OF LAND USE AND FERTILIZER APPLICATION 55 1. Soil requirement....... ............... ...... 55 a. Topography and soilerosion ......... 55 b. Moisture supply.... ...................... 56 c. Aeration.................................. 56 d* Plant nutrients.. .................... 56 e. Soil reaction.......... ....... 57 2. Fertilizer practices................... 57 D. SEED AND SEEDING.................................. 61 1. Seed for pastures .... 61 2. Mixture seeding............ .. ............. 62 a. Advantages.............................. 62 b. Disadvantages ..... 68 3. Seedbed preparation and seeding ......... 68 1*. Inoculation for legumes........ 72 a. Effect of inoculation on the feed value of legumes.......... ....................... 76 b. Factors that influence nodule production...... 77 (1) Air and moisture....... 77 (2) Light................................ 77 (3) Temperature...... 77 (li) Reaction........ 77 vi Page (5) Fertilizers................ 78 c. Natural and artificial inoculation methods.... 78 E. ESTABLISHING PRACTICES FOR SOME IMPORTANTPASTURE PLANTS................................... ....... 81 1. Bermuda grass........... 81 2. Buffalo grass ............... 82 3. Rescue grass.... ..... 81* k* White clover........... 8U 5. Lespedezas. ..... 85 IV. MANAGEMENT PRACTICES............................ 87 A. RESPONSE OF PASTURE PLANTS TO DEFOLIATION........... 87 1. Root reserves and regrowth............ ....... 87 B. DEVELOPMENT OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN PASTUREPLANTS. 90 1. Effect of growth stage and kind of species of pasture plant on chemical composition......... 90 2. Effect of soil types and fertilizers on chemical composition in pasture plants .......... 93 3. Effect of nitrogen and moisture on chemical composition in pasture plants ........... 100 C. PRACTICES OF LIME, COMMERCIAL FERTILIZER, AND BARNYARD MANURE APPLICATION...................... 101 D. MOWING PRACTICES................................... 105 E. GRAZING PRACTICES................................. 108 1. Consideration in grazing practices. ........ 108 2. Grazing new pastures ........ 110 3. Controlling overgrazing and undergrazing.......... Ill lj. Rotation grazing.............. Ill; vii Page 5. Seasonal pastures for nine months grazing in Seoul............ ...... 116 V. SUMMARY- AND CONCLUSION................................. 117 A. SUMMARY.......................................... 117 B. CONCLUSION..................................... 121 VI. RECOMMENDATION FORFURTHER STUDIES...................... 121* BIBLIOGRAPHY.................................................. 125 AUTOBIOGRAPHY................................................. 12 9' viii LIST OF TABLES Table Page I. Livestock Production in Korea Five Years Average 1938-l|2.. 11 II. Precipitation and Temperature in Korea.................. 16 III. Pasture Orasses found in Korea................... 36 IV. Pasture Legumes found in Korea............... 37 V. Percentage Crude Protein in the Forage of Cool Season Grasses Grown with and without Crimson Clover... 6I4 VI. Percentage of P9O1J in Forage of Cool Season Grasses Grown with ana without Crimson Clover................. 65 VII. Total Yields in Pounds Per Acre of Air-Dry Forage from Some Winter Grasses and Small Grains Grown Alone and in Combination with BLxie Crimson Clover............. 67 VIII. Depth of Seeding Forage Crops in Relation to Emergence.... of Seedlings........... 69 IX. Seed Size and Planting Rates for Pure Stands of Pasture Legumes and Grasses, Provided by Potts................ 71 X. Summary of Root Top Studies at Brazos River Valley Laboratory, College Station, Texas. Planted November li, 19149.............................................. 89 XI. Influence of Growth Stages on Chemical Composition.....
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