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Dissertation View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OTHES Dissertation Titel der Dissertation „Experimentieren – improvisieren – zuhören: Ursprung, Entwicklung und Theorien der heutigen experimentellen elektronischen Musik sowie Beweggründe und Gedanken in Wien tätiger Musikschaffender.“ Verfasserin Mag. phil. Silvia Elisabetta Pagano Angestrebter akademischer Grad Doktor der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) Wien, 2009 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 092 316 Dissertationsgebiet lt. Studienblatt: Musikwissenschaft Betreuer: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Christoph Reuter ii Abstract This research examines contemporary experimental music of an electronic character, with view to understanding the reason this music developed in the way it did together with the motivation of the respective musicians. This information then provides a basis to hypothesise how the listener could regard this music in order to understand it. For this reason the topic is addressed from the point of view of different musicological fields. On the one hand the historic developments and its connections as well as some philosophical aspects are analysed. On the other hand psychological and technical aspects are integrated. Some interviews, which were held with musicians operating in Vienna, complete the work. In the course of this dissertation it is shown that the contemporary experimental electronic music is the result of complex mutual reactions of different musical genres. In the age of globalisation it even has no real cultural identity. Furthermore, the growing affordability of computers has changed the musical world. This also has an effect on electronic music. As far as contemporary experimental music is concerned, free improvisation is very important. As in musical therapy, it also involves subconscious processes. Both the technical development, and the free improvisation require a “new” hearing in favour of sound and an extended, conscious listening. Tonal hearing of our traditional western world doesn’t seem to enhance the understanding of this music. The interviews reveal there is a wish to induce a thinking process in the musician and in the listener through emotional content. To what extent this ideal is reached on the listeners’ side still has to be investigated. Previous emotion studies allow the assumption that the musicians succeed at it, if only rudimentarily. iii Zusammenfassung Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit zeitgenössischer experimenteller Musik mit elektronischem Charakter. Ziel war es, zu verstehen, warum sich diese Musik so entwickelt hat und welches die Beweggründe der Musikschaffenden selbst sind. Aufgrund dieser Informationen wurden Hypothesen aufgestellt, wie ihr der Hörer im Sinne eines Musikverständnisses am besten begegnen sollte. Um der Zielsetzung näher zu kommen, wird das Thema aus der Sicht unterschiedlicher musikwissenschaftlicher Bereiche umkreist. Daher bewegt sich die Arbeit im Grenzgebiet zwischen historischer und vergleichend-systematischer Musikwissenschaft. Auf der einen Seite werden die historischen Entwicklungen und Zusammenhänge analysiert sowie einige philosophische Aspekte beleuchtet. Auf der anderen Seite werden psychologische und technische Implikationen eingebunden. Interviews, die mit in Wien tätigen Musikschaffenden geführt wurden, vervollständigen die Arbeit. Im Laufe der Arbeit zeigt sich, dass die zeitgenössische experimentelle elektronische Musik das Resultat komplexer Wechselwirkungen unterschiedlicher Musikrichtungen ist. Im Zeitalter der Globalisierung hat sie auch keine eindeutige kulturelle Identität. Auch hat die zunehmende Erschwinglichkeit des Computers die Musikwelt sehr verändert. Dies hat sich offensichtlich auch auf die elektronische Musik ausgewirkt. Im Bereich der zeitgenössischen experimentellen Musik spielt die freie Improvisation eine große Rolle. Ähnlich wie in der Musiktherapie bezieht sie auch unterbewusste Prozesse mit ein. Sowohl die technische Entwicklung als auch die freie Improvisation bewirken die Notwendigkeit eines „neuen“ Hörens zugunsten des Sounds und eines erweiterten, bewussten Zuhörens. Tonales Hören im traditionell westlichen Sinne scheint dem Musikverständnis weniger förderlich zu sein. Dank der Interviews zeigt sich ebenfalls, dass der Wunsch vorhanden ist, mit der Musik über emotionale Inhalte einen Denkprozess im Musiker und im Hörer auszulösen. Inwiefern dieses Ideal auf der Seite des Hörers erreicht wird, muss in Zukunft noch eruiert werden. Allerdings können anhand vorhandener Emotionsstudien Vermutungen angestellt werden, dass dies zumindest ansatzweise möglich ist. iv Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract............................................................................................................................................................iii Zusammenfassung .......................................................................................................................................iv 1. Einleitung..................................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Theoretische Aspekte ............................................................................................................................ 3 2.1 Elektronische Musik ....................................................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Musik .................................................................................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Wien im internationalen Zusammenhang........................................................................................... 17 2.3.1 Überblick der internationalen Entwicklung ............................................................................................17 2.3.2 Entwicklung der elektronischen Musik in Wien...................................................................................20 2.4 Einflüsse und Wechselwirkungen............................................................................................................32 2.4.1 Elektroakustik / Avantgarde........................................................................................................................32 2.4.2 Jazz und improvisierte Musik ......................................................................................................................40 2.4.3 Elektronische Tanzmusik (Popkontext)....................................................................................................41 2.4.4 HipHop / Turntablism.....................................................................................................................................45 2.4.5 Minimalismus ......................................................................................................................................................47 2.4.6 Environmental Music / Soundscape / Ambient................................................................................51 2.4.7 Tendenzen.............................................................................................................................................................54 2.5 Improvisation.................................................................................................................................................. 58 2.5.1 Improvisation und Musikwissenschaft.....................................................................................................58 2.5.2 Improvisation – Komposition .......................................................................................................................59 2.5.3 Tradition.................................................................................................................................................................61 2.5.4 Warum freie Improvisation?........................................................................................................................62 2.5.5 Psychologie...........................................................................................................................................................66 2.5.6 Didaktik ...................................................................................................................................................................68 2.5.7 Sound ......................................................................................................................................................................69 2.5.8 Elektronische und digitale Hilfsmittel........................................................................................................70 2.6 Musikrezeption .............................................................................................................................................. 80 2.6.1 Musikverarbeitung – Emotionen, Gefühle – Musik verstehen.....................................................80 2.6.2 Musik und Sprache...........................................................................................................................................88 2.6.3 Musik und Kultur................................................................................................................................................92 2.6.4 Postmoderne.......................................................................................................................................................94 2.7 Musiktherapie und freie Improvisation
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