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Glossary of Japanese Fisheries Tirms 1

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states Department of the Interior, J. A. Krug, Secretary Fish and Wildlife Service, Albert M. Day, Director -... -------- Fishery Leaflet 220 Chica 0 54 Ill. 17126 March 194'1 GLOSSARY OF JAPANESE FISHERIES TERMS General Headquarters Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers Natural Resources Section Report No. 63 Tokyo 1946 GLOSSARY OF J.APAllISE FISHlWES ~S 1./ 1. Flsh and fishing play such an important role in Japanese life tbat an extensive and complicated fisheries vocabulary bas evolved. Bach of the hundreds of kinds of fish, shellfish, and seaweed bas several vernacular names, the wide alsortment of prepared seafood adds many ~ore words; and the variety of fishing gear bas a large specialized nomen­ clatllre. 2. An interpreter or translator who 1s not trained infisberias terminology finds himself contused by the many Japanese terms, some of which have no exact cOllnterpart in Engl1ah. The Japanese when translating their own phraseology into English make freqll8nt unintentional mistakes because of the complicated nature of the subject matter. Many organisms which are abllndant in Japan ~re not to be found in any part of the Englis~speaking world. and attempts at t~nslatio~ are often inacc~Ge. 3. This glossary was prepared to establish a standardized vocabulary It should help the members of ~e Occupation Forces to understand Japanese publications and reports. It should help the Jap~ese atlthor1ties in translating their reports into English. 4. The best accepted common names for commercially important marlne_ and freshwate;r animals and plants are presented. Countless local vernacu­ lar names for fish. shellfish. and seaweed are 1n use in various parts of Japan. SOme o,t the most widely accepted ot theBe names are presented, bu~ lack of space has precluded the inclu8ion of all local names. For example one species ofs8&weed has at least ten vernacular names, only the most ,commonly ueed of which are included. 5. Wherever possible those English words which have been incorrectly used in Japaneee translations are included with ~ppropriate notations. This ahould help to clarifY ambiguous statistical tables. The word .Suzu.ld" can .be taken as an example of mis-translatl00. "Suztlki" is the name for the common aea-bass and 111 lIometime. translat.ed as such. How­ ever, in many reports it 1s translated as perch or sea-perch for no apparent reason. IlKaulasu", widell is the word for barracuda, is translated a8 saury-pike 1n a standard dict,lonary and is lIometimes rendered as pike. two fishes which have only a superficial resemblance to the barracuda.. To complicate the mat~er further, young barracuda, "kokamasull , is some­ times translated as pickerel. It can read1ly be seen how the unwary are led astray by loose tran81atio~ •• !I This report was prepared by Captain Richard S. Croker, Fisheries Division. (Reproduced by permission ot the Civil Affairs Division, War Department) , G. 0 <.-'llorul torms w.a1ch refer to groups of plants or an1mals occur in the J': .l-)~.mi) r.o lal1w'""ll.a.ga ao 1n others. Howovor, a genoral nrune otten (lppl ::'~'. ~ ::lO t only to a group of spec1ea but to a particular species a. \iell. 'ihue Il fuoda1" 10 the name applied to snappers of the family Lutjull idua, yet the crune ..... ord 10 the specific name of one specie., LutJanuB rivulntus. The 'prefix "ma" denotes a genuine or true Ipeclel. Thuf: u hl!\l3hill, which 18 the general term for small lardine-like fishs8 and often applies to the co~on sardine. is u8ually rendered a. ftaaiwalhl' when referring to the common sardine. 7. This report is baled on the IGl-:lseary for Japaaeee l'1..aherl ••1 prepared in 1945 by the F1aheries Section. llc:oDomic Bl"8IIIOh. a.6., taB Ct vll Affairs Holding and Staging A~,~Rru1dl0 of Mont.erB)t • OAli forni a , and on a glossary prepared by the , ~apanea. " BureaQ of riBber!e. for the use of its staff. 8. Practically all the spec1es of cruataeeans. mollu.c. and sea­ weed0 which are used commArcially and moat of the food and game fi.he. illld other aquatic vertebrates are included; The most widely u.ed kind. of prepared sea food are listed. Only the moet commonly emplo1ed type. of flohing gear are presented. 9. The Japanese and eclent1!ic nomenclature of the 1'ililbe. follow. "Keyos to the Fishes and Fiah-11ke .Animals of Japan- b1 Ialchlro Okada and Kiyo~tBu Matsubara, Sanaeido Co Ltd. Tokyo, 1938. Thle i. the standard work on Japanese fiaAes. Even .where th1a.~bllcatlon differ. \ ' from accepted American scientific terminology it baa ,been followed in order to faci11 tate references. Names .of the lese ,common specie. of fiehes which were .omitted from thie report because .of space limitation. can be found in the above ment.1oned .reference book. ' ~he nomenclature of the other vertebrates .is according to ~A Catalogueo.f Wertebrates of Japan" by Ialchlro Okada, Mal:t1%en Co Ltd, Toqo. 1938 10. A list prepared specially for thie report by Professor Hiroshi Niino of th~ Tok)"o College of Fiaheries furnished the nomenclature for the edible molluBca ar.d cru.Btp.ceanB. Professor .Saburo Fujimori of the Imperial Fish~rie6 Experimental Station pr~vided the nomenclature for the seaweeds and t. e oyster drills. Professor Ioshio Hiyams. of the Toqo Imperial University and Professor Masamitsu Oshima formerly of the Tokyo Prefectural Higher School, both of whom are on the staff of the Natural Resources Section, gave invaluable assistance in the preparation of the gloa~ry, especially in providing common and SCientific Dame. of fiahee and in advising ~hich species shQUld b~ included. 11. Lists of names furnished by officials of the Tokyo Central Market and the Japan Marine Products Co Ltd, and by other individuals. have been integrated into the glossary. 12. Japanese words have been transcribed according to the Modified Hepburn (Ro~ji) system of transliterati~n. In alphabetizing the Japaneae .ords a strict letter sequence has been followed without. regard to dia­ critical marks, hyphens or vord sepayationa. 2 A r.AAhiUlA - COlIIDon dac'e, Hv.da., Roach (Trlbolodon haAUenols nak~n.l.) ABA. - Float, :ror net AKA-RATA - A species of grouper, ABALO~E - Awaoi ~He110tis glgentea) (Epinephelu6 fa6clatuB) Se.! a.l so: Analeo, Ezoawabi " Xuro. J\KA-IWASHI - Dried and 8al ted sardine Madaka, Megai, Tokobushi AKAMAMBO - Moonfish or Opah (Lampris ABARI - Seine needle regia) ABAZUNA - Cork-line AKAKAMASU - A species of barracuda ABURAGAREI - A species of Flow,der(Sphyraena pingulB) (Atheresthes evermannl) AKAMATSU - Red snapper (LutjanuB ABURAZAME - pogfish (Squalul sebae) suckleyl), alBo AburatsunoZaIile .AK.AMOKU - An edible species of sea- .A.i)ULT FISi* - Seigyo weed used. Chiefly for fertilizer AGAR-AGAR - Kanten (Sargassum Hornerl) AGEBA- Landing, wharf, q~ ~kUTSU - A variety of sea-bass AG~I - A species of jack-knife (Doderlelnia berycoldes) clam (Sinovacula constricta) AKANISHI - A species of Oyster Drill AGITO - Gill of fish. commouly (Muriciformis thoaaBiana) called 1ra AKAHORI - A species of seaweed AGO - A soecies of flying fish (Porphyra abyssicola) (Cypsiiurus agoo) ~SANGO - Red Coral (Coralllum AGURI-AMI - Purse seine without japonicum) ",'eights .u.ASHITA - A speCies of sole AIN~~E - Greenling or Hock Trout (Areliacus joyneri). A1BO called (Hexagramcos spp., usually refers Akash1tabirame to H. otakl1) AKAt-UMIGAMll - Loggerhead turtle Al~ - Doep sea Bhark (Dalatiaa (Caretta ollvacea) spp.) AKA-UbI - Red Bea urchin (P8eudo- AJI - General term for Horse Macker- centrotuB deprelEus) el, Jack and Mackerel-scad. AKAYAGAhA - Cornet fish (Fistularia Often used specifically for petlmba) Trachurus japonicua AK' AZA - Deep-sea Shrimp (r~ephrops AJITSUKE-~ORl - Prepared laver, laver japonicus) with condiment cetween the leaves AKAZARA - A species of scallop .AKA-AJI - Red-back, a species of (ChlamYs farrer1 akazara) ~~c~erel-scad (ilecapterus AKI-AJI -Dogor chum salmon muroadsi) (Oncorhynchus keta) AKABAGINANSO - A epeciel of seaweed AKI-AMI - Jap~leBe shrimp (Acetes used for plaster (Iridaea pulchra), _japonicus) AKAn~,A - A speCies of Amoerjack AKO - Red rock cod (Sebastodee (Seriols purpurascena) matsubarae) AAA-EBI - A speCies of pravn AKOi'AGAl - Pearl oyster (Pinctada (Penaeopsis akayebi) mertensi1). Also called ShinjUgal AK.A-l!:I - nay, stiug ray, whip r8¥ AlJiACOiiE - Blnnaga or J31nn8.Ea Maguro. (ilasyatis akajel) Blncho (Germo ~ermo) AKAGAI - A species of arKs~ell ~~ - ~ee: Seaweed (Anadara inflata) ~~Al - Blanquillo, (~ranch108tegu8 Ai~GOChI - A speCies of Flathead spp.) (Eembras japonicus) 3 . &~~SA-KIRINSAI - A species of AOBIKI- Net uSAd for catching bait seaweed ueed for Agar-agar fiah (~ucheuma amakusaenaia) ' AOGAI - Mother of pearl ~~.I - Mojarra (~erre. spp.) AOKAMASU - A species of barracuda ~IO - E'el grass, sea grass (Sphyraena nlgripinniB) (Zostera marina) AO-NORI - Green dried laver. See: ~~NORI - Laver (general term) Hitoegus8., U8uba-aonori AMBERJACK - Buri, Kampachl. Hir~la, AORI-I~ - A species of aquid Hira&o. Hirasu~ Akabana ' \ (Seploteuth18 leaaOD1ana) ~~NOUWO - Landlocked aalmon AOSA. - Sea lettuce (,.eral term) (Oncorhynchus rhodurus), also AO-UMIGAMl1 - Green turtle (Chelonia' called Yamabe, Yamame Japonica) AMI - Fish net. alBo called Uchlse. JAOWAKAME -Aapecies of edible sea­ A species of Mysid Shrimp' weed , (undaria Peter8eniana) (Neomysis Japonicu.a) Aoz,AME ... 'Hackersl shark (I a \l1'opala AlJ.I.cilJU - l-Jet neodle alauca) ~I.I-B~~ - ~etting boat A~UARIUH - Sui Z okukan AMIKUSA - A species Qf seaweed uaed ABA - Deep-Bea bass (NiphonsplnoBua) for Agar-agar and food (CAramlum A.RJJ.£.il - A seaweed burned f()r :iodine 13oydenl~,) and potaBh (liseniab!.o7dl-1.) AMI1-lli - Hashes of a net ~ JIRU - Fish soup AMI SDKI - Net maker ARCHlfELAGO - Gunto, R&~-o, Shoto AMI-UCHI -Net fishl~ ARISOGAI - A speciea of ,clam ANA-AOSA - Sea lettuce, an edible (Mactra specliabflla) green Alga. used for poultry and ARKSHELL - Akagai .(Anadarainflata). swine feed end fertilizer (Ulva Haigai (A. ,granoea), Sal!ubo pertuaa) (A.
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  • Pest Risk Assessment for Asian Carps in Oregon

    Pest Risk Assessment for Asian Carps in Oregon

    Pest Risk Assessment for Asian Carps in Oregon IDENTITY Name: Asian Carps The common usage of the term “Asian Carps” encompasses the following four species of introduced carp (there are additional species of carp native to Asia that have been introduced into the U.S. but are not commonly included under term “Asian Carps” – see text). • bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) • silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) • black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) • grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Taxonomic Position: order Cypriniformes, family Cyprinidae [carps and minnows] The family Cyprinidae is very diverse – it includes species that feed on plankton, herbivores, omnivores, piscivores (fish eaters such as our native pike minnow) and species like the black carp whose teeth are specially modified to crush the shells of mussels and snails - and as such it can be difficult to distinguish native versus nonnative species based on a few simple characteristics. Nevertheless, the collection of nonnative species such as Asian carps should be reported to the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Positive identification is crucial and for this reason we recommend retaining the specimen if possible or documenting the catch with photographs. Well-focused images that show the whole fish from various angles as well as close-ups of the head and fins are ideal. Additional information on identification of Asian and other nonnative carps has been compiled by the US Geological Survey and can be accessed online <http://fisc.er.usgs.gov/Carp_ID/index.html>. RISK RATING SUMMARY Relative Risk Rating: HIGH Numerical Score: 6 (on a 1-9 scale) Uncertainty: Moderate This Risk Evaluation summarizes much of the information previously compiled by the USFWS in 2008.
  • Downloadable Sushi Guide

    Downloadable Sushi Guide

    Courtesy of www.alighaemi.com THE SUSHI GUIDE – A LIST OF TYPES OF SUSHI 寿司 At over 200 terms I have attempted to compile as comprehensive a list of sushi fish and a guide to sushi terms and sushi terminology as possible. Sushi and its related fish can become confusing and many diners and restaurants, and lesser chefs, casually mistake and confuse the terms and the fish. The guide goes beyond sushi staples like shrimp, salmon and tuna. Many of the items may not be available locally or only have Japanese te rms. Where possible I have tried to indicate seasonality and availability to the alphabetical list of sushi terms and added my own subjective experience tasting the item. Incidentally, in Japan sushi has its own unit of measurement called Kan カン, which acted as a unit of measurement in the Edo Period equal to 3.75 Kg for fish or the equivalent to either 1 or 2 nigirizushi. Some believe it is 1 sushi, while others believe it is for 2 given how they typically come in a set comprised of pairs. Where possible purchase or order male fish. Female fish give part of their nutrients, and associated taste, to their eggs or roe. Additionally, it has been said that if one can pick a specific cut or part of a fish the rear side nearer to the tail is likely better. It has been moving more and is hence less rough. I recommend treating sushi with respect and focusing on quality as opposed to surrendering to the temptation of low-grade or cheap fish at the hands of uninformed restaurant owners and their chefs.
  • Beyond Fish Edna Metabarcoding: Field Replicates Disproportionately Improve the Detection of Stream Associated Vertebrate Specie

    Beyond Fish Edna Metabarcoding: Field Replicates Disproportionately Improve the Detection of Stream Associated Vertebrate Specie

    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.26.437227; this version posted March 26, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 1 2 3 Beyond fish eDNA metabarcoding: Field replicates 4 disproportionately improve the detection of stream 5 associated vertebrate species 6 7 8 9 Till-Hendrik Macher1, Robin Schütz1, Jens Arle2, Arne J. Beermann1,3, Jan 10 Koschorreck2, Florian Leese1,3 11 12 13 1 University of Duisburg-Essen, Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, 14 Germany 15 2German Environmental Agency, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany 16 3University of Duisburg-Essen, Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitätsstr. 17 3, 45141 Essen, Germany 18 19 20 21 22 Keywords: birds, biomonitoring, bycatch, conservation, environmental DNA, mammals 23 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.26.437227; this version posted March 26, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 24 Abstract 25 Fast, reliable, and comprehensive biodiversity monitoring data are needed for 26 environmental decision making and management. Recent work on fish environmental 27 DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding shows that aquatic diversity can be captured fast, reliably, 28 and non-invasively at moderate costs.