Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Living with four polities States and cross-border flows in the Myanmar-Thailand borderland Lertchavalitsakul, B. Publication date 2017 Document Version Other version License Other Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Lertchavalitsakul, B. (2017). Living with four polities: States and cross-border flows in the Myanmar-Thailand borderland. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:02 Oct 2021 References English Abraham, I., & van Schendel, W. (2005). Introduction: The Making of Illicitness. In W. van Schendel & I. Abraham (Eds.), Illicit Flows and Criminal Things: States, Borders, and the Other side of Globalization (pp.1-37). Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Adams, N. (2000). My Vanishing World: The True Story of a Shan Princess. Cheshire: Horseshoe Publications. Adas, M. (1981). From Avoidance to Confrontation: Peasant Protest in Precolonial and Colonial Southeast Asia. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 23 (2): 217-247. Alexseev, M. A. (2001). Socioeconomic and Security Implications of Chinese Migration in the Russian Far East. Post-Soviet Geography and Economics, 42 (2), 122-141. Andersson, J. A. (2006). Informal Moves, Informal Markets: International Migrants and Traders from Mzimba district, Malawi. African Affairs, 105 (420), 375-397. Andreas, P. (2009). Border Game: Policing the U.S.-Mexico Divide. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. Appadurai, A. (1986). Introduction: Commodities and the Politics of Value. In A. Appadurai (Ed.), The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective (pp. 3-63). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. --------------. (1996). Global Ethnoscapes: Notes and Queries for a Transnational Anthropology. In Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization (pp.48-65). Twin Cities, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press. ASEAN [Association of Southeast Asian Nations]. (2008). “ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint”. Retrieved from http://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/archive/5187-10.pdf, accessed on December 13, 2015. Asper, P., & Beckert, J. (2011). Value in Markets. In J. Beckert & P. Aspers (Eds.), The Worth of Goods: Valuation and Pricing in the Economy (pp.3-38). Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Aung Thet Wine. (2010, July). ‘One Stop’ Service for Registering Illegal Vehicles. Retrieved from Irrawaddy Magazine online: http://www2.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=19031), accessed on August 22, 2014. Aung Zaw. (2015, September). Bertil Lintner: ‘They Don’t Just Want a Ceasefire, They Want to Talk about the Future of the Country’. Retrieved from Irrawaddy Magazine online: http://www.burmanet.org/news/2015/09/08/the-irrawaddy-bertil-lintner-they-dont- just-want-a-ceasefire-they-want-to-talk-about-the-future-of-the-country-aung-zaw/), accessed on December 12, 2015. Bakewell, O. (2010). Some Reflections on Structure and Agency in Migration Theory. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36 (10), 1689-1708. Bair, J. (2009). Global Commodity Chains: Genealogy and Review. In J. Bair (Ed.), Frontiers of Commodity Chain Research (pp.1-34). Stanford: Stanford University Press. Living with Four Polities Balčaitė, I. (2015). A Borderless Village: Mobility and Belonging in Phlong Karen Transborder Lives between Hpa-An Area, Myanmar, and Greater Bangkok, Thailand. PhD thesis, University of London. Bangkok Post. (2013, July). Rice Smuggled from Myanmar Seized. Retrieved from http://www.bangkokpost.com/archive/smuggled-rice-intended-for-rice-pledging- scheme/357958), accessed on March 12, 2014. Baud, M., & van Schendel, W. (1997). Toward a Comparative History of Borderlands. Journal of World History, 8 (2), 211-242. Bell, D. (1991). Modes of Exchange: Gift and Commodity. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 20 (2), 155-167. Berg, E., & Ehin, P. (2006). What Kind of Border Regime is in the Making?: Towards a Differentiated and Uneven Border Strategy. Journal of the Nordic International Studies Association, 41 (1): 53-71. Berlie, J. (2000). Cross-border Links between Muslims in Yunnan and Northern Thailand: Identity and Economic Networks. In G. Evans, C. Hutton, & Kuah Khun Eng (Eds.), Where China Meets Southeast Asia: Social and Cultural Change in the Border Regions (pp. 222- 235). Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. BNI [Burma News International]. (2016, April). Kachin State Fighting between KIO and Myanmar Army Resumes. Retrieved from Mizzima: http://www.mizzima.com/news- domestic/kachin-state-fighting-between-kio-and-myanmar-army-resumes), accessed on April 27, 2016. Boedeker, J. (2012). Cross-border Trade and Identity in the Afghan-Iranian Border Region. In B. Bruns & J. Miggelbrink (Eds.), Subverting Borders: Doing Research on Smuggling and Small-Scale Trade (pp.39-58). Wiesbaden: Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. Brettell, C. B. (1986). Introduction: Travel Literature, Ethnography, and Ethnohistory. Ethnohistory, 33 (2): 127-138. Brokrick, A. H. (1945). Beyond the Burma Road. London. New York, Melbourne, Sydney: Hutchinson & Co. (Publishers), Ltd. Brown, I. (2013). Burma’s Economy in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bruns, B., & Miggelbrink, J. (2012). Introduction. In B. Bruns & J. Miggelbrink (Eds.), Subverting Borders: Doing Research on Smuggling and Small-Scale Trade (pp.11-19). Wiesbaden: Springer. Cadchumsang, J. (2011). People at the Rim: A Study of Tai Ethnicity and Nationalism in a Thai Border Village. PhD thesis, University of Toronto. Callahan, M. (2007). Political Authority in Burma’s Ethnic Minority States: Devolution, Occupation, and Coexistence. Washington: East-West Center Washington. Carruthers, B. G. and Espeland, W. N. (2002). Money, Meaning, and Morality. In N. W. Biggard (Ed.), Reading in Economic Sociology (pp.292-314). Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, Inc. Castles, S. (2010). Understanding Global Migration: A Social Transformation Perspective. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36 (10), 1565-1586. Chang, W. (1999). Beyond the Military: The Complex Migration and Resettlement of the KMT Yunnanese Chinese in Northern Thailand. PhD thesis, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. -------------. (2004). Guanxi and Regulation in Networks: The Yunnanese Jade Trade between Burma and Thailand 1962–88. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 35 (03), 479-501. 184 Busarin Lertchavalitsakul -------------. (2009). Venturing into “Barbarous” Regions: Transborder Trade among Migrant Yunnanese between Thailand and Burma, 1960s–1980s. The Journal of Asian Studies, 68 (2), 543-572. -------------. (2011). From a Shiji Episode to the Forbidden Jade Trade during the Socialist Regime in Burma. In E. Tagliacozzo & W. Chang (Eds.), Chinese Circulations: Capital Commodities, and Networks in Southeast Asia (pp.455-479). Durham and London: Duke University Press. -------------. (2013). The Everyday Politics of the Underground Trade in Burma by the Yunnanese Chinese since the Burmese Socialist Era. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 44 (2), 292-314. -------------. (2014a). Beyond Border: Stories of Yunnanese Chinese Migrants of Burma. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. -------------. (2014b). By Sea and By Land: Stories of Two Chinese Traders. In W. Chang & E. Tagliacozzo (Eds.), Burmese Lives: Ordinary Life Stories under the Burmese Regime (pp.174- 199). New York: Oxford University Press. -------------. (2015). Circulation via Tangyan, a Town in the Northern Shan State of Burma. In E. Tagliacozzo, H. F. Siu, & P. C. Perdue (Eds.), Asia Inside Out: Connected Places (pp.243- 270). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. Chantrawarin, Y. (2015). Spatio-temporal and Political-Economic Construction of Mae Sai Border Town. PhD thesis, Chiang Mai University. Chao Tzang Yawnghwe. (1987). The Shan of Burma: Memoirs of a Shan Exile. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. --------------. (1993). The Political Economy of the Opium Trade: Implications for Shan State. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 23(3), 306-326. Christensen, R., & Sann Kyaw. (2006). The Pa-O: Rebels and Refugees. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books. Chuchart, C. (1989). From Peasant to Rural Trader: The Ox-Train Traders of Northern Thailand, 1855–1955. Australian National University Thai-Yunnan Project Newsletter, 7, 2-8. Clifford, J. (1983). Introduction: Partial Truth. In J. Clifford & G. Marcus (Eds.), Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography (pp. 1-26). Berkley, LA, and London: University of California Press. Collis, M. (1996 [1938]). Lords of the Sunset. Bangkok: AVA Publishing House. Cresswell, T. (2010). Towards a Politics of Mobility. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 28 (1), 17-31. Crosthwaite,
Recommended publications
  • Gold Mining in Shwegyin Township, Pegu Division (Earthrights International)
    Accessible Alternatives Ethnic Communities’ Contribution to Social Development and Environmental Conservation in Burma Burma Environmental Working Group September 2009 CONTENTS Acknowledgments ......................................................................................... iii About BEWG ................................................................................................. iii Executive Summary ...................................................................................... v Notes on Place Names and Currency .......................................................... vii Burma Map & Case Study Areas ................................................................. viii Introduction ................................................................................................... 1 Arakan State Cut into the Ground: The Destruction of Mangroves and its Impacts on Local Coastal Communities (Network for Environmental and Economic Development - Burma) ................................................................. 2 Traditional Oil Drillers Threatened by China’s Oil Exploration (Arakan Oil Watch) ........................................................................................ 14 Kachin State Kachin Herbal Medicine Initiative: Creating Opportunities for Conservation and Income Generation (Pan Kachin Development Society) ........................ 33 The Role of Kachin People in the Hugawng Valley Tiger Reserve (Kachin Development Networking Group) ................................................... 44 Karen
    [Show full text]
  • A New Method of Classification for Tai Textiles
    A New Method of Classification for Tai Textiles Patricia Cheesman Textiles, as part of Southeast Asian traditional clothing and material culture, feature as ethnic identification markers in anthropological studies. Textile scholars struggle with the extremely complex variety of textiles of the Tai peoples and presume that each Tai ethnic group has its own unique dress and textile style. This method of classification assumes what Leach calls “an academic fiction … that in a normal ethnographic situation one ordinarily finds distinct tribes distributed about the map in an orderly fashion with clear-cut boundaries between them” (Leach 1964: 290). Instead, we find different ethnic Tai groups living in the same region wearing the same clothing and the same ethnic group in different regions wearing different clothing. For example: the textiles of the Tai Phuan peoples in Vientiane are different to those of the Tai Phuan in Xiang Khoang or Nam Nguem or Sukhothai. At the same time, the Lao and Tai Lue living in the same region in northern Vietnam weave and wear the same textiles. Some may try to explain the phenomena by calling it “stylistic influence”, but the reality is much more profound. The complete repertoire of a people’s style of dress can be exchanged for another and the common element is geography, not ethnicity. The subject of this paper is to bring to light forty years of in-depth research on Tai textiles and clothing in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Laos), Thailand and Vietnam to demonstrate that clothing and the historical transformation of practices of social production of textiles are best classified not by ethnicity, but by geographical provenance.
    [Show full text]
  • Identity Crisis: Ethnicity and Conflict in Myanmar
    Identity Crisis: Ethnicity and Conflict in Myanmar Asia Report N°312 | 28 August 2020 Headquarters International Crisis Group Avenue Louise 235 • 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 • Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Preventing War. Shaping Peace. Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. A Legacy of Division ......................................................................................................... 4 A. Who Lives in Myanmar? ............................................................................................ 4 B. Those Who Belong and Those Who Don’t ................................................................. 5 C. Contemporary Ramifications..................................................................................... 7 III. Liberalisation and Ethno-nationalism ............................................................................. 9 IV. The Militarisation of Ethnicity ......................................................................................... 13 A. The Rise and Fall of the Kaungkha Militia ................................................................ 14 B. The Shanni: A New Ethnic Armed Group ................................................................. 18 C. An Uncertain Fate for Upland People in Rakhine
    [Show full text]
  • Sociolinguistic Survey of Mpi in Thailand
    Sociolinguistic Survey of Mpi in Thailand Ramzi W. Nahhas SIL International 2007 SIL Electronic Survey Report 2007-016, August 2007 Copyright © 2007 Ramzi W. Nahhas and SIL International All rights reserved 2 Abstract Ramzi W. Nahhas, PhD Survey Unit, Department of Linguistics School of Graduate Studies Payap University/SIL International Chiang Mai, Thailand Mpi is a language spoken mainly in only two villages in Thailand, and possibly in one location in China, as well. Currently, Mpi does not have vernacular literature, and may not have sufficient language vitality to warrant the development of such literature. Since there are only two Mpi villages in Thailand, and they are surrounded by Northern Thai communities, it is reasonable to be concerned about the vitality of the Mpi language. The purposes of this study were to assess the need for vernacular literature development among the Mpi of Northern Thailand and to determine which (if any) Mpi varieties should be developed. This assessment focused on language vitality and bilingualism in Northern Thai. Additionally, lexicostatistics were used to measure lexical similarity between Mpi varieties. Acknowledgments This research was conducted under the auspices of the Payap University Linguistics Department, Chiang Mai, Thailand. The research team consisted of the author, Jenvit Suknaphasawat (SIL International), and Noel Mann (Technical Director, Survey Unit, Payap University Linguistics Department, and SIL International). The fieldwork would not have been possible without the assistance of the residents of Ban Dong (in Phrae Province) and Ban Sakoen (in Nan Province). A number of individuals gave many hours to help the researchers learn about the Mpi people and about their village, and to introduce us to others in their village.
    [Show full text]
  • Dental All Hospital Network 11-03-2021
    Dental All Hospital Network 11-03-2021 No Name - Eng Address City Province Openning Hour Tel 51/3 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Khwang Latyao, Chatuchak, 1 Vibhavadi Jatujak Bangkok Everyday (09.00-20.00) 02-941-2800,02-941-2900 Bangkok 10900 2 Bangkok 9 International 362 Rama 2, Khwang Bang Mot, Chomthong, Bangkok 10150 Chomthong Bangkok Everyday (08.00-20.00) 0-2877-1111 1302 Km 3 Bangna-Trat Khwang Bang Na, Bang Na, Bangkok Mon-Fri(09.00-18.00), Sat (09.00- 3 Bangna 1 Bangna Bangkok 02-7468630-9 10260 18.00) 111 Phetkasem 19 Khwang Pak Khlong Phasicharoen, Phasi Mon-Fri (09.00-18.30), Sat-Sun 4 Phyathai 3 Pasicharoen Bangkok 02-467 1111 Charoen, Bangkok 10160 (09.00-16.00) 2677 Pattanakarn Road, Khwang Suan Luang, Suan Luang, 5 Vipharam Suanloung Bangkok Everyday (09.00-20.00) 02-7222500 Ext.2206,2207 Bangkok 10250 2 Soi Soonvijai 7 New Petchaburi Road, Huai Khwang, 6 Bangkok General Hueykwang Bangkok Everyday (08.00-20.00) 02-310-3000 Bangkok 10310 436 Ramkhamhaeng Rd, Khwaeng Hua Mak, Khet Bang Kapi, 7 Ramkhamhaeng Bangkapi Bangkok Everyday ( 08.00- 20.00) 02-7439999 Ext.5493,5494 Krung Thep Maha Nakhon 10240 124 Si Lom, Silom, Khet Bang Rak, Krung Thep Maha 02-625-9000 แจง้ สทิ ธ/ิ์ ท ำนัด * 8 Bangkok Christian Bangrak Bangkok - Nakhon 10500 21250 ทันตกรรม ตอ่ *21220-2 Mon,Tue,Thu (08.00-18.00) 2469/13 New Phetchaburi Khwang Bangkapi, Huai Khwang, 9 Petcharavej huai khwang Bangkok Wed,Fri(08.00-20.00) Sat,Sun 02-718-1515*355 Bangkok 10310 (08.00-16.00) 10 Saint Louis 27 South Sathorn Rd., Yannawa Sathorn Bangkok - 02-838-5555 670/1 Phahonyothin,
    [Show full text]
  • Social Reproduction and Migrant Education: a Critical Sociolinguistic Ethnography of Burmese Students’ Learning Experiences at a Border High School in China
    Department of Linguistics Faculty of Human Sciences Social Reproduction and Migrant Education: A Critical Sociolinguistic Ethnography of Burmese Students’ Learning Experiences at a Border High School in China By Jia Li (李佳) This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy November 2016 i Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ viii Statement of Candidate ................................................................................................... x Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... xi List of Figures .............................................................................................................. xvi List of Tables .............................................................................................................. xvii List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ........................................................................xviii Glossary of Burmese and Chinese terms ..................................................................... xix Chapter One: Introduction .............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Research problem ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Introducing the research context at the China-and-Myanmar border ................... 4 1.3 China’s rise and Chinese language
    [Show full text]
  • Mong La: Business As Usual in the China-Myanmar Borderlands
    Mong La: Business as Usual in the China-Myanmar Borderlands Alessandro Rippa, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Martin Saxer, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich The aim of this project is to lay the conceptual groundwork for a new understanding of the positionality of remote areas around the globe. It rests on the hypothesis that remoteness and connectivity are not independent features but co-constitute each other in particular ways. In the context of this project, Rippa and Saxer conducted exploratory fieldwork together in 2015 along the China-Myanmar border. This collaborative photo essay is one result of their research. They aim to convey an image of Mong La that goes beyond its usual depiction as a place of vice and unruliness, presenting it, instead, as the outcome of a particular China-inspired vision of development. Infamous Mong La It is 6:00 P.M. at the main market of Mong La, the largest town in the small autonomous strip of land on the Chinese border formally known in Myanmar as Special Region 4. A gambler from China’s northern Heilongjiang Province just woke up from a nap. “I’ve been gambling all morning,” he says, “but after a few hours it is better to stop. To rest your brain.” He will go back to the casino after dinner, as he did for the entire month he spent in Mong La. Like him, hundreds of gamblers crowd the market, where open-air restaurants offer food from all over China. A small section of the market is dedicated to Mong La’s most infamous commodity— wildlife.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cultural Politics of Lao Literature, 1941-1975
    INVOKING THE PAST: THE CULTURAL POLITICS OF LAO LITERATURE, 1941-1975 A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Chairat Polmuk May 2014 © 2014 Chairat Polmuk ABSTRACT This thesis examines the role of Lao literature in the formation of Lao national identity from 1945 to 1975. In the early 1940s, Lao literary modernity emerged within the specific politico-cultural context of the geopolitical conflict between French Laos and Thailand. As a result, Lao literature and culture became increasingly politicized in colonial cultural policy to counter Thai expansionist nationalism that sought to incorporate Laos into Thai territorial and cultural space. I argue that Lao literature, which was institutionalized by Franco-Lao cultural campaigns between 1941 and 1945, became instrumental to the invention of Lao tradition and served as a way to construct a cultural boundary between Laos and Thailand. Precolonial Lao literature was revitalized as part of Lao national culture; its content and form were also instrumentalized to distinguish Lao identity from that of the Thai. Lao literature was distinguished by the uses of the Lao language, poetic forms, and classical conventions rooted in what was defined as Laos’s own literary culture. In addition, Lao prose fiction, which was made possible in Laos with the rise of print capitalism and an emergent literate social class, offered another mode of “invented tradition.” Despite its presumed novelty in terms of form and content, early Lao prose fiction was highly conventional in its representation of idealized traditional society in opposition to a problematic modern one.
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Axis and City Shape Evaluation Through Spatial Configuration in 'Lan Na' Northern Thailand Historic City
    Srinurak and Mishima City Territ Archit (2017) 4:10 DOI 10.1186/s40410-017-0067-z RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Urban Axis and City shape evaluation through spatial confguration in ‘Lan Na’ Northern Thailand Historic city Nattasit Srinurak* and Nobuo Mishima Abstract This paper revealed urban axis and city shape identity that infuenced by its concepts and present activities issues in ‘Lan Na’ historic cities in northern Thailand. This study using space syntax technic called axial line analysis combined with GIS analysis, to examines how history geo-politic issues have infuenced to its urban axis and network. Results show urban axis has highly coexisted with its city shape determined through high integrated axial lines. This city shape was, however, defned by its establishment concepts as ‘Sankh’, ‘Traiphum’ and freeform. Diferent shapes of urban axis have been determined by these concepts. As well as the largest public space in some ‘Lan Na’ historic cities, it directly attaches to high integrate lines that represent as urban axis core. However, depending on gradually develop infuences, the function of public space in urban axis core has various types. Mostly, these spaces, have related to Bud- dhism religious usage or colonialism spaces. Settlement pattern using kernel analysis revealed that residents in every city settled in a tranquil area determined by space syntax. Additionally, settlement clusters adjacent to urban axis or high activities trafc. In summary, from reviewed historic cities in ‘Lan Na’, it found that this urban axis could be identi- fed using multi-method. To enhance urban axis in historic cities, both object and subject aspect had to be revealed to apply as delicate historic conservation measures.
    [Show full text]
  • The Product List for TSR20 Futures at Shanghai International Energy Exchange
    The Product List for TSR20 Futures at Shanghai International Energy Exchange Country Registered No. Brand Factory Place of Origin Product logo Enterprise Yunnan Guangken Rubber Co., Ltd. Beside Manyangguang Village, Guangdong Xiaojie Manufaturing Rubber Menglong Town, Jinghong City, Guangken Factory Yunan Province 1 Rubber GKR Baka Village’s Group, Baka Group Co., Jinghong City Baka Manufacturing Village, Damenglong Town, Ltd Rubber Co., Ltd. Jinghong City, Yunan Province China Longjiang Farm, Baisha County, China Jinlong Rubber Processing Branch Hainan Province Hainan Rubber 2 BD Industry Group Co., Ltd Nanping Farm, Lingshui County, Jinshui Rubber Processing Branch Hainan Province Yunnan Natural YJ-17-01 Rubber Gold Sinanjiang Town,Mojiang County, 3 Mojiang Co., Ltd. Bashatian Rubber Industry Phoenix Yunan Province Factory Group Co., Ltd Xishuangbanna Sinochem Rubber Manfa Village, Menghan Town, Co., Ltd. Jinghong Rubber Factory Jinghong City, Yunan Province Sinochem Sinoche 4 International m NO1,Zhonghua Road,Qiaofeng Corporation Rubber Hainan Sinochem Rubber Co., Ltd. Farm,Nada Town,Danzhou City,Hainan Province Guangken 310 Moo 10 Tambol Kuankalong, Rubber 5 GKR AZ Amphur Kuankalong Satun 91130, (Satun) Co., Thailand Ltd. Guangken 5 Moo 7 Mooban Thonyai,Tambol Rubber(Mek 6 GKR CP Thailand ong River) Nakha,Amphur Muang,Udonthani Co., Ltd. 41000,Thailand Guangken 88 Moo 1,Tambon Tharongchang, Rubber 7 GKR DB Amphoe Phunphin,Suratthani (Thai Southe 84130,Thailand rn) Co., Ltd. Hua Tai 26/9 Kamchanawanich 8 Rubber Co., Hua Tai AX Road,Tambol Pangla,Aumphur Ltd. Sadao,Songkhla 90170,Thailand 41 Moo 3,Tambon Samnak Kham, Nam Hua Sri 9 Rubber Co., BQ Amphoe Sadao,Songkhla 90120, Trang Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • Priority Pass Lounge Directory
    Content correct as of 24 September 2021 Priority Pass™ Lounge Directory This PDF Lounge Directory details all the lounges in the Priority Pass program – more than 1200 in total, covering over 400 airports around the world. Priority Pass is the world's leading independent lounge program, making membership a must for any frequent traveler. As a Priority Pass member, wherever you travel, you can be sure that you'll experience outstanding standards of comfort and service – a world away from chaotic airport terminals. Do some business. Catch up with calls. Send a few emails. Browse through a favorite magazine. Enjoy refreshments of your choice. Or simply indulge yourself by doing nothing at all. You can use the Priority Pass lounges as detailed in this directory, regardless of your choice of airline, class of ticket or membership in any frequent flyer club. Just be sure to take your Priority Pass membership card with you wherever you travel in order to gain access to participating lounges. Enjoy your visit! For the most up-to-date lounge information and full Priority Pass Conditions of Use, visit our website at prioritypass.com © Priority Pass Ltd 2021. Opening times and availability of facilities may be subject to change. Admittance to the lounges is conditional upon presentation of a valid Priority Pass card only. Page 2 of 473 Content correct as of 24 September 2021 Facility Symbols Air Conditioning Conference Facilities Digital Membership Card Digital Membership Card Unavailable Disabled Access Fax Flight Information Monitor Internet/Dataport Newspapers/Magazines Refreshments (Alcoholic) Refreshments (Soft Drinks) Shower Facilities Telephone Television Wi-fi © Priority Pass Ltd 2021.
    [Show full text]
  • The Door Behind the Bamboo Curtain – Chinese Law and Policy on Refugee Status
    THE DOOR BEHIND THE BAMBOO CURTAIN – CHINESE LAW AND POLICY ON REFUGEE STATUS BY LILI SONG A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Victoria University of Wellington (2014) ABSTRACT This thesis systematically considers the law and policy on refugee status in the People’s Republic of China. It considers relevant Chinese legal provisions, applicable bilateral and multinational treaties, as well as China’s refugee policy and practice. It also presents and analyses first-hand information collected through interviews with refugees and aid workers. China is an emerging destination of refugees and other displaced foreigners. Although China is a party to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol, Chinese law contains no provisions governing the definition of a refugee or the determination of refugee status. Further, there is a gap between the criteria for asylum in the 1982 Chinese Constitution and the criteria for refugee status in the 1951 Convention. In practice, although the Chinese government has generally allowed the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to process individual applications for refugee status, the Chinese government has practically performed the function of refugee status determination in large-scale influx situations through policy decisions. In these situations, the security, political, and strategic interests of China have often overshadowed China’s commitment under the 1951 Convention. China has been cautious about recognising refugees on its territory. However, the Chinese government has clearly demonstrated a growing interest in addressing the issue of refugee recognition within a more formalised framework.
    [Show full text]