Mong La: Business As Usual in the China-Myanmar Borderlands
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Fund for HIV/AIDS in Myanmar UNAIDS
Annual Progress Report, 1 Apr 2006 - 31 Mar 2007 Table of Contents Foreword 3 About this report 5 Highlights in Achievements 7 Progress and Achievements 9 ....... Access to services to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV improved 9 ....... Access to services to prevent transmission of HIV in injecting drug use ....... improved 18 ....... Knowledge and attitudes improved 27 ....... Access to services for HIV care and support improved 30 Fund Management 41 ....... Programmatic and Financial Monitoring 41 ....... Financial Status and Utilisation of Funds 43 Operating Environment 44 Annexe 1: Implementing Partners expenditure and budgets 45 Annexe 2: Summary of Technical Progress Apr 2004–Mar 2007 49 Annexe 3: Achievements by Implementing Partners Round II, II(b) 50 Annexe 4: Guiding principles for the provision of humanitarian assistance 57 Acronyms and abbreviations 58 1 Fund for HIV/AIDS in Myanmar UNAIDS 2 Annual Progress Report, 1 Apr 2006 - 31 Mar 2007 Foreword This report will be the last for the Fund for HIV/AIDS in Myanmar (FHAM), covering its fourth and final year of operation (the fiscal year from April 2006 through March 2007). Created as a pooled funding mechanism in 2003 to support the United Nations Joint Programme on AIDS in Myanmar, the FHAM has demonstrated that international resources can be used to finance HIV services for people in need in an accountable and transparent manner. As this report details, progress has been made in nearly every area of HIV prevention – especially among the most at-risk groups related to sex work and drug use – and in terms of care and support, including anti-retroviral treatment. -
Gold Mining in Shwegyin Township, Pegu Division (Earthrights International)
Accessible Alternatives Ethnic Communities’ Contribution to Social Development and Environmental Conservation in Burma Burma Environmental Working Group September 2009 CONTENTS Acknowledgments ......................................................................................... iii About BEWG ................................................................................................. iii Executive Summary ...................................................................................... v Notes on Place Names and Currency .......................................................... vii Burma Map & Case Study Areas ................................................................. viii Introduction ................................................................................................... 1 Arakan State Cut into the Ground: The Destruction of Mangroves and its Impacts on Local Coastal Communities (Network for Environmental and Economic Development - Burma) ................................................................. 2 Traditional Oil Drillers Threatened by China’s Oil Exploration (Arakan Oil Watch) ........................................................................................ 14 Kachin State Kachin Herbal Medicine Initiative: Creating Opportunities for Conservation and Income Generation (Pan Kachin Development Society) ........................ 33 The Role of Kachin People in the Hugawng Valley Tiger Reserve (Kachin Development Networking Group) ................................................... 44 Karen -
Identity Crisis: Ethnicity and Conflict in Myanmar
Identity Crisis: Ethnicity and Conflict in Myanmar Asia Report N°312 | 28 August 2020 Headquarters International Crisis Group Avenue Louise 235 • 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 • Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Preventing War. Shaping Peace. Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. A Legacy of Division ......................................................................................................... 4 A. Who Lives in Myanmar? ............................................................................................ 4 B. Those Who Belong and Those Who Don’t ................................................................. 5 C. Contemporary Ramifications..................................................................................... 7 III. Liberalisation and Ethno-nationalism ............................................................................. 9 IV. The Militarisation of Ethnicity ......................................................................................... 13 A. The Rise and Fall of the Kaungkha Militia ................................................................ 14 B. The Shanni: A New Ethnic Armed Group ................................................................. 18 C. An Uncertain Fate for Upland People in Rakhine -
Pangolin Trade in the Mong La Wildlife Market and the Role of Myanmar in the Smuggling of Pangolins Into China
Global Ecology and Conservation 5 (2016) 118–126 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Global Ecology and Conservation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/gecco Original research article Pangolin trade in the Mong La wildlife market and the role of Myanmar in the smuggling of pangolins into China Vincent Nijman a, Ming Xia Zhang b, Chris R. Shepherd c,∗ a Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK b Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China c TRAFFIC, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia article info a b s t r a c t Article history: We report on the illegal trade in live pangolins, their meat, and their scales in the Special Received 7 November 2015 Development Zone of Mong La, Shan State, Myanmar, on the border with China, and Received in revised form 18 December 2015 present an analysis of the role of Myanmar in the trade of pangolins into China. Mong Accepted 18 December 2015 La caters exclusively for the Chinese market and is best described as a Chinese enclave in Myanmar. We surveyed the morning market, wildlife trophy shops and wild meat restaurants during four visits in 2006, 2009, 2013–2014, and 2015. We observed 42 bags Keywords: of scales, 32 whole skins, 16 foetuses or pangolin parts in wine, and 27 whole pangolins for Burma CITES sale. Our observations suggest Mong La has emerged as a significant hub of the pangolin Conservation trade. The origin of the pangolins is unclear but it seems to comprise a mixture of pangolins Manis from Myanmar and neighbouring countries, and potentially African countries. -
Militarized Conflicts in Northern Shan State
A Return to War: Militarized Conflicts in Northern Shan State ASIA PAPER May 2018 EUROPEAN UNION A Return to War: Militarized Conflicts in Northern Shan State © Institute for Security and Development Policy V. Finnbodavägen 2, Stockholm-Nacka, Sweden www.isdp.eu “A Return to War: Militarized Conflicts in Northern Shan State” is an Asia Paper published by the published by the Institute for Security and Development Policy. The Asia Paper Series is the Occasional Paper series of the Institute’s Asia Program, and addresses topical and timely subjects. The Institute is based in Stockholm, Sweden, and cooperates closely with research centers worldwide. The Institute serves a large and diverse community of analysts, scholars, policy-watchers, business leaders, and journalists. It is at the forefront of research on issues of conflict, security, and development. Through its applied research, publications, research cooperation, public lectures, and seminars, it functions as a focal point for academic, policy, and public discussion. This publication has been produced with funding by the European Union. The content of this publication does not reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Responsibility for the information and views expressed in the paper lies entirely with the authors. No third-party textual or artistic material is included in the publication without the copyright holder’s prior consent to further dissemination by other third parties. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. © European Union and ISDP, 2018 Printed in Lithuania ISBN: 978-91-88551-11-5 Cover photo: Patrick Brown patrickbrownphoto.com Distributed in Europe by: Institute for Security and Development Policy Västra Finnbodavägen 2, 131 30 Stockholm-Nacka, Sweden Tel. -
UNDERCURRENTS Monitoring Development on Burma’S Mekong
UNDERCURRENTS Monitoring Development on Burma’s Mekong INSIDE: Blasting the Mekong Consequences of the Navigation Scheme Road Construction in Shan State: Turning Illegal Drug Profits into Legal Revenues Sold Down the River The tragedy of human trafficking on the Mekong No Place Left for the Spirits of the Yellow Leaves Intensive logging leaves few options for the Mabri people in Shan State ...and more The Lahu National Development January 2005 Organization (LNDO) The Mekong/ Lancang The Mekong River is Southeast Asia’s longest, stretching from its source in Tibet to the delta of Vietnam. Millions of people depend on it for agriculture and fishing, and accordingly it holds a special cultural significance. For 234 kilometers, the Mekong forms the border between Burma’s Shan State and Luang Nam Tha and Bokeo provinces of Laos. This stretch includes the infamous “Golden Triangle”, or where Burma, Laos and Thailand meet, which has been known for illicit drug production. Over 22,000 primarily indigenous peoples live in the mountainous region of this isolated stretch of the river in Burma. The main ethnic groups are Akha, Shan, Lahu, Sam Tao (Loi La), Chinese, and En. The Mekong River has a special significance for the Lahu people. Like the Chinese, we call it the Lancang, and according to legends, the first Lahu people came from the river’s source. Traditional songs and sayings are filled with references to the river. True love is described as stretching form the source of the Mekong to the sea. The beauty of a woman is likened to the glittering scales of a fish in the Mekong. -
Social Reproduction and Migrant Education: a Critical Sociolinguistic Ethnography of Burmese Students’ Learning Experiences at a Border High School in China
Department of Linguistics Faculty of Human Sciences Social Reproduction and Migrant Education: A Critical Sociolinguistic Ethnography of Burmese Students’ Learning Experiences at a Border High School in China By Jia Li (李佳) This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy November 2016 i Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ viii Statement of Candidate ................................................................................................... x Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... xi List of Figures .............................................................................................................. xvi List of Tables .............................................................................................................. xvii List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ........................................................................xviii Glossary of Burmese and Chinese terms ..................................................................... xix Chapter One: Introduction .............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Research problem ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Introducing the research context at the China-and-Myanmar border ................... 4 1.3 China’s rise and Chinese language -
L'asie Du Sud-Est Dans Le « Siècle Chinois
L’ASIE DU SUD-EST DANS LE « SIÈCLE CHINOIS » (CAMBODGE, LAOS ET VIÊT NAM) 1 Danielle Tan est docteur en science politique (Sciences Po Paris 2011). Spécialiste de l’Asie du Sud-Est, ses principaux axes de recherche portent sur l’économie politique de la péninsule indochinoise, en particulier les dynamiques transnationales, ainsi que les transformations politiques, socio-économiques et territoriales qui résultent de la globalisation et de l’influence croissante de la Chine dans la région. Elle a commencé ses recherches au Cambodge en retraçant l’histoire de sa diaspora chinoise et a ensuite exploré le rôle joué par les réseaux transnationaux chinois dans la transformation de l’État au Laos. Ses recherches postdoctorales s’orientent désormais vers une analyse comparée des transformations contemporaines survenant dans les « enclaves chinoises » du Triangle d’or (nord de la Thaïlande et du Laos, État Shan en Birmanie). Après deux postdoctorats à ANU (Australian National University, Canberra) et à IIAS (International Institute for Asian Studies, Leiden), elle occupe actuellement un poste d’ATER à Sciences Po Lyon, et est rattachée à l’IAO (Institut d’Asie Orientale – CNRS, ENS Lyon). Elle est également chercheure associée à l’Irasec. Avec la contribution de Caroline Grillot Caroline Grillot est anthropologue (Paris X-Nanterre) et sinologue (Inalco). Elle a passé plus de dix ans en Chine où elle a étudié le chinois à l’Université du Shandong (1994-1995) et du Sichuan (1998-2000) grâce au soutien du ministère des Affaires Étrangères et Européennes. Elle a également travaillé dans divers domaines, assistant notamment le bureau de l’Unesco à Pékin dans la mise en place de programmes en sciences sociales. -
Political Monitor No.7
Euro-Burma Office 14 – 27 February 2015 Political Monitor 2015 POLITICAL MONITOR NO.7 OFFICIAL MEDIA GOVERNMENT ANNOUNCES MARTIAL LAW IN LAUKKAI, MONGLA REGION Fighting between Tatmadaw personnel and MNDAA (Kokang) forces continued in Laukkai and Kokang on 18 February. About 200 Kokang groups attacked a battalion near Parsinkyaw village with small and heavy weapons on 17 February evening and withdrew when the battalion responded. Similarly, from 17 February evening to 18 February morning, MNDAA troops attacked Tatmadaw camps with small and heavy weapons and withdrew when counter-attacks were launched. In addition, Tatmadaw personnel who were heading to troops in Laukkai on major communication route to Laukkai such as Hsenwi-Namslag-Kunglong road, Kutkai-Tamoenye-Monesi-Tapah road and Kutkai-Muse-Kyukok-Monekoe-Tangyan were also ambushed or attacked by Kokang groups, KIA, TNLA and SSA (Wanghai). From 15 to 18 February, SSA (Wanhai) forces attacked the Tatmadaw columns between Kyaukme and Hsipaw, Lashio and Hsenwi while KIA and TNLA ambushed the Tatmadaw 3 times between Hsenwi and Kyukok, 2 times between Kutakai and Monsi and once between Monesi and Tapah. Kokang troops also ambushed the Tatmadaw column 4 times between Parsinkyaw and Chinshwehaw. Due to the clashes, the government announced a state of emergency and martial law in the Kokang Self-Administered Zone on 17 February. In a separate statement, the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services appointed the Regional Control Commander (Laukkai) Col Saw Myint Oo to exercise the executive powers and duties and judicial powers and duties concerning community peace and tranquillity and prevalence of law and order in Kokang Self-Administrative Zone. -
Fire and Ice: Conflict and Drugs in Myanmar’S Shan State
Fire and Ice: Conflict and Drugs in Myanmar’s Shan State Asia Report N°299 | 8 January 2019 Headquarters International Crisis Group Avenue Louise 149 • 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 • Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Preventing War. Shaping Peace. Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. A Long Legacy ................................................................................................................... 3 III. A New Drug Dynamic ....................................................................................................... 6 A. A Surge in Production ................................................................................................ 6 B. Tip of the Iceberg ....................................................................................................... 10 IV. The Links Between Drugs and Conflict ............................................................................ 12 A. Current Conflict Dynamics ........................................................................................ 12 B. The Role of the Drug Trade in the Conflict................................................................ 13 C. Ethno-political Clashes, Anti-drug Raids or Bank Heists? ....................................... 15 D. Why Is There Not -
Analysis of Drivers of Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Shan State and Strategic Options to Address Them
Final Report Analysis of Drivers of Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Shan State and Strategic Options to Address them FOREST MONREC M i n n is o t ti ry va of ser Natu l Con ral Re enta sourc ironm es nv & E 2 Final Report Analysis of Drivers of Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Shan State and Strategic Options to Address them Authors Aung Aung Myint, National Consultant on analysis of drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in Shan State, ICIMOD-GIZ REDD+ project [email protected]: +95 9420705116. December 2018 i Copyright © 2018 International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial, No Derivatives 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Published by International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) GP Box 3226, Kathmandu, Nepal Production team Bill Wolfe (Consultant editor) Rachana Chettri (Editor) Dharma R Maharjan (Graphic designer) Asha Kaji Thaku (Editorial assistance) Cover photo: On the way from MongPyin to KyaingTong, eastern Shan State. Most of the photos used in the report were taken by the consultant on the eld survey of the Illicit Crop Monitoring in Myanmar-Opium Survey (ICMP) project (TD/MYA/G43 & TD/MYA/G44) under UNODC in 2014 and 2015. Reproduction This publication may be produced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-prot purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. ICIMOD would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. -
On the Butcher's Block
Wildlife On The Butcher’s Block: The Mekong Tiger Trade Trail 5 March, 2020 Wildlife ©tigersintheforest.co.uk ©EIAimage We would like to thank ABOUT EIA EIA UK Above: As indicators of the CONTENTS 62-63 Upper Street, health of the ecosystem Ximporae.EIA would Utlike aut to fugitisthank restithe ut atia We investigate and campaign against they live in, the forests that London N1 0NY UK secure water for millions of Introduction 4 nobitfollowing ium foralici their bla conesupport consequam for environmental crime and abuse. T: +44 (0) 20 7354 7960 people and mitigate climate cusresearch aci oditaquates and analysis dolorem on the volla tiger change, tigers are a symbol of Fighting extinction 5 Our undercover investigations E: [email protected] good governance. Of cultural vendam,trade: Sophie consequo Rhodes molor Legacy, sin net David expose transnational wildlife crime, eia-international.org importance and a source of Cultivating demand 7 fugitatur,Shepherd qui Wildlife int que Foundation, nihic tem The tourist income, they are making with a focus on elephants and a comeback in countries that aspedRufford quei Foundation oditaquates and dolorem Ernest Lacking leadership 9 tigers, and forest crimes such as still value them alive and in the vollaKleinwort vendam, Charitable conseqci Trust. oditaquates EIA US wild. illegal logging and deforestation for Thailand 10 dolorem volla vendam, consequo PO Box 53343 Under a partnership project funded cash crops like palm oil. We work to Front cover: butchered tiger molor sin net fugitatur,