Stunning Northwest British Columbia
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Physiography Geology
BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF MINES HON. W. K. KIERNAN, Minister P. J. MULCAHY, Deputy Minister NOTES ON PHYSIOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY OF (Bli BRITISH COLUMBIA b OFFICERS OF THE DEPARTMENT VICTCRIA, B.C. 1961 PHYSIOGRAPHY Physiographic divisions and names are established by the Geographic Board of Canada. Recently H. S. Bostock, of the Geological Survey of Canada, studied the physiography of the northern Cordilleran region; his report and maps are published CI I c Fig. 1. Rglief map of British Columbia. in Memoir 247 of the Geological Survey, Department of Mines and Resources, Ottawa. The divisions shown on the accompanying sketch, Figure 2, and the nomenclature used in the text are those proposed by Bostock. Most of the Province of British Columbia lies within the region of mountains and plateaus, the Cordillera of Western Canada, that forms the western border of the North American Continent. The extreme northeastern comer of the Province, lying east of the Cordillera, is part of the Great Plains region. The Rocky Mountain Area extends along the eastern boundary of the Province for a distance of 400 miles, and continues northwestward for an additional 500 miles entirely within the Province. The high, rugged Rocky Mountains, averaging about 50 miles in width, are flanked on the west by a remarkably long and straight valley, known as the Rocky Mountain Trench, and occupied from south to north by the Kootenay, Columbia, Canoe, Fraser, Parsnip, Finlay, Fox, and Kechika Rivers. Of these, the first four flow into the Pacific Ocean and the second four join the Mackenzie River to flow ultimately into the Arctic Ocean. -
TREATY 8: a British Columbian Anomaly
TREATY 8: A British Columbian Anomaly ARTHUR J. RAY N THE ANNALS OF NATIVE BRITISH COLUMBIA, 1999 undoubtedly will be remembered as the year when, in a swirl of controversy, Ithe provincial legislature passed the Nisga'a Agreement. The media promptly heralded the agreement as the province's first modern Indian treaty. Unmentioned, because it has been largely forgotten, was the fact that the last major "pre-modern" agreement affecting British Columbia -Treaty 8 - had been signed 100 years earlier. This treaty encompasses a sprawling 160,900-square-kilometre area of northeastern British Columbia (Map 1), which is a territory that is nearly twenty times larger than that covered by the Nisga'a Agreement. In addition, Treaty 8 includes the adjoining portions of Alberta and the Northwest Territories. Treaty 8 was negotiated at a time when British Columbia vehemently denied the existence of Aboriginal title or self-governing rights. It therefore raises two central questions. First, why, in 1899, was it ne cessary to bring northeastern British Columbia under treaty? Second, given the contemporary Indian policies of the provincial government, how was it possible to do so? The latter question raises two other related issues, both of which resurfaced during negotiations for the modern Nisga'a Agreement. The first concerned how the two levels of government would share the costs of making a treaty. (I will show that attempts to avoid straining federal-provincial relations over this issue in 1899 created troublesome ambiguities in Treaty 8.) The second concerned how much BC territory had to be included within the treaty area. -
Holocene Tephras in Lake Cores from Northern British Columbia, Canada
935 Holocene tephras in lake cores from northern British Columbia, Canada Thomas R. Lakeman, John J. Clague, Brian Menounos, Gerald D. Osborn, Britta J.L. Jensen, and Duane G. Froese Abstract: Sediment cores recovered from alpine and subalpine lakes up to 250 km apart in northern British Columbia con- tain five previously unrecognized tephras. Two black phonolitic tephras, each 5–10 mm thick, occur within 2–4 cm of each other in basal sediments from seven lakes in the Finlay River – Dease Lake area. The upper and lower Finlay tephras are slightly older than 10 220 – 10 560 cal year B.P. and likely originate from two closely spaced eruptions of one or two large volcanoes in the northern Cordilleran volcanic province. The Finlay tephras occur at the transition between deglacial sediments and organic-rich postglacial mud in the lake cores and, therefore, closely delimit the termination of the Fraser Glaciation in northern British Columbia. Sediments in Bob Quinn Lake, which lies on the east edge of the northern Coast Mountains, contain two black tephras that differ in age and composition from the Finlay tephras. The lower Bob Quinn tephra is 3–4 mm thick, basaltic in composition, and is derived from an eruption in the Iskut River volcanic field about 9400 cal years ago. The upper Bob Quinn tephra is 12 mm thick, trachytic in composition, and probably 7000–8000 cal years old. A fifth tephra occurs as a cryptotephra near the top of two cores from the Finlay River area and is correlated to the east lobe of the White River tephra (ca. -
British Columbia Geological Survey Geological Fieldwork 2003
TRACKING THE ESKAY RIFT THROUGH NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA - GEOLOGY AND MINERAL OCCURRENCES OF THE UPPER ISKUT RIVER AREA (TELEGRAPH CREEK NTS 104G/1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10) By D.J. Alldrick1, M.L. Stewart1, J.L. Nelson1 and K.A. Simpson2 KEYWORDS: Targeted Geoscience Initiative-II (TGI-II), The two-year study will cover 6,250 km2, extending Bedrock mapping, Eskay Creek, Eskay Rift, Hazelton 125 km north from the Eskay Creek mine to the Spectrum Group, Stuhini Group, Mineral deposits porphyry copper-gold deposit (Figure 2). The paved Stewart-Cassiar Highway (Highway 37) runs northward through the eastern part of the map area. In 2003, the first INTRODUCTION field season, an eight-person team mapped 70 km along the rift sequence between Kinaskan Lake and More The Eskay Creek gold-silver mine, located in Creek, west of the highway (Figure 2). northwest British Columbia, is an unusually high-grade The project area straddles the eastern edge of the ore deposit. The mining industry continues to spend more Coast Mountains and the broad valley of the upper Iskut than $2 million each year on exploration for similar River. This area lies within the Tahltan First Nation deposits in the area. The geologic setting at the minesite is traditional area and they participated directly in this well studied, but large tracts in north-central British project. Topography varys from rounded glacial valleys Columbia require more detailed surveys to determine if along the upper Iskut River, to the extensive Spatsizi favourable sites exist for formation and preservation of Plateau, to high serrated ridges and peaks that are being additional deposits. -
Geological Survey Canada
GEOLOGICAL PAPER 70-31 SURVEY OF CANADA DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY. MINES AND RESOURCES TRIASSIC STRATIGRAPHY OF THE SIKANNI CHIEF RIVER- PINE PASS REGION, ROCKY MOUNTAIN FOOTHILLS, NORTHEASTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA (Report and 6 figures) .. • D. W. Gibson ce, $2.00 1971 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA CANADA PAPER 70 - 31 TRIASSIC STRATIGRAPHY OF THE SIKANNI CHIEF RIVER- PINE PASS REGION, ROCKY MOUNTAIN FOOTHILLS, NORTHEASTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA D. W. Gibson DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, MINES AND RESOURCES @)Crown Copyrights reserved Available by mail from Information Canada, Ottawa from the Geological Survey of Canada 601 Booth St., Ottawa and Information Canada bookshops in HALIFAX - 1735 Barrington Street MONTREAL - 1182 St, Catherine Street West OTTAWA - 171 Slater Street TORONTO - 221 Yonge Street WINNIPEG - .499 Portage Avenue VANCOUVER - 657 Granville Street or through your bookseller Price: $2.00 Catalogue No. 1\1144 - 70-31 Price subject to change without notice Information· Canada Ottawa 1971 - iii - CONTENTS Page Abstract •.•.. ·········.·····..•......•..........................•...•. v Introduction .. · · · · · · · . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · • · · · · · · · · · . · · · • · · · . 1 Acknowledgements . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . 4 Stratigraphy .... · · . · · · .. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · . • · ..... · . · · · . • • . 4 Nomenclature •..... · · . • · · .. · •...... · ...•..... · . • . • . • . 4 Grayling Formation . • . • • . • . • • . • • • . • . 6 Toad Formation . • . • . • • . • • . 7 Liard Formation. • . • . • . • • • . • . • -
Draft Navigability Report for Stikine River
United States Department of the Interior IJ:::.~ ~ .. BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT "\ TAKE PRIDE" Alaska State Office INAMERICA 222 W. 7th Avenue, # 13 Anchorage, Alaska 99513-7599 http://www.ak.blm.gov To: File AA-085787 (1864) From: Navigable Waters Specialist Subject: Navigability ofStikine River, Southeast Alaska On February 17, 2005, the State of Alaska (State) filed an application for a recordable disclaimer of interest for the bed of the Stikine River from its mouth to the United States-Canada International Boundary, a distance of approximately 27 miles. The State also applied for lands underlying "all named interconnecting sloughs including Binkleys Slough, Red Slough, Guerin Slough, King Slough, Andrew Slough, Hooligan Slough, Shakes Slough, Shakes Lake, North Arm, and Ketili River, between the ordinary high water lines of the left and right banks .... " The State included with its application a legal description of the river, supporting evidence, and a map dated April 5, 2004 showing the Stikine River.l The State's submissions are more fully described in Attachment A. On June 4, 2007, the State submitted additional information in support of its application for the bed ofthe Stikine River. In this letter, the State asserted that the Tongass National Forest did not include the beds of navigable waters within the exterior boundaries of the reserve and, therefore, did not defeat the State's title to the bed ofthe navigable Stikine River.2 As the State's evidence shows, the Stikine River has been used almost continuously as a highway of commerce since before the Purchase of Alaska in 1867. Both Great Britain and the United States recognized the river's importance as a highway in the Washington Treaty of May 8, 1871. -
Newsletters and Other Draft Nations, the Public and Provincial Organizations and Material
SSttiikkiinnee CCoouunnttrryy PPrrootteecctteedd AArreeaass NNeewwsslleetttteerr NNuummbbeerr11 Volume 1 February 2000 Management Planning is commencing for Stikine Country Protected Areas You are urged to become involved and provide your advice. Skeena District Parks Involved Spatsizi Plateau Wilderness Park Mt. Edziza Provincial Park Tatlatui Provincial Park Stikine River Recreation Area Mt. Edziza Recreation Area Kinaskan Lake Provincial Park Gladys Lake Ecological Reserve “The Stikine River Recreation Area near Highway 37.” Background Stikine Country contains some of the most outstanding protected areas in British Columbia. They lie within the traditional territory of the Tahltan First Nations. Each of these protected areas is important in its own right, and together they protect provincial and international values for future generations. These include: Ä largely intact predator/prey ecosystems Ä provincially important populations of caribou, mountain sheep, mountain goats, grizzly bears and wolf Ä spectacular mountain, plateau, river and volcanic landscapes Ä important archaeological sites, cultural and heritage values and activities of the Tahltan First Nations Ä internationally significant wilderness recreation and tourism activities such as nature appreciation, rafting, canoeing, hiking, hunting, angling and horseback riding Planning is proposed to begin shortly and to be completed by the fall of 2001. A systems approach to planning is being undertaken in recognition of the ecosystem connectivity and related issues among this -
PEACE RIVER REGIONAL DISTRICT South Peace Fringe Area Official Community Plan
PEACE RIVER REGIONAL DISTRICT South Peace Fringe Area Official Community Plan Bylaw No. 2048, 2012 Peace River Regional District Bylaw No. 2048, 2012 A bylaw to adopt an Official Community Plan for the South Peace Fringe Area to help guide future development WHEREAS Section 876 of the Local Government Act authorizes a local government to adopt an Official Community Plan to guide decisions of the Peace River Regional District on planning and land use management issues; AND WHEREAS the Regional Board has provided one or more opportunities for consultation with persons, organizations and authorities it considers affected in the development of the Official Community Plan in accordance with Section 879 of the Local Government Act; AND WHEREAS the goals reflect the resident visions relating to their community, economy and environment; AND WHEREAS the Regional Board has consulted with the Electoral Area Representatives of the Regional District; AND WHEREAS the Regional Board in accordance with Section 882 of the Local Government Act, has considered the Plan in conjunction with its capital expenditure program, solid waste management plan and has referred the Plan to the Provincial Agricultural Land Commission; AND WHEREAS in accordance with Section 875 of the Local Government Act, this Official Community Plan works towards achieving the purpose and goals referred to in Section 849 of the Local Government Act, as applicable within the Official Community Plan; NOW THEREFORE the Regional Board of the Peace River Regional District in open meeting assembled enacts as follows: 1. This bylaw shall be cited for all purposes as the “South Peace Fringe Area Official Community Plan Bylaw No. -
The Tuya-Teslin Areal Northern British Columbia
BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF MINES HON. E. C. CARSON, Minister JOHN F. WALKER, Dopulu Minis/#, BULLETIN No. 19 THE TUYA-TESLIN AREAL NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA by K. DeP. WATSON and W. H.MATHEWS 1944 CONTENTS. P*GS SUMMARY.................................................................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER I.-Introduction ....................................................................................................... 6 Location............................................................................................................................. 6 Access................................................................................................................................. 7 Field-work .......................................................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................. 7 Previous Work.................................................................................................................. 8 CHAPTER11.- I Topography ........................................................................................................................ 9 Kawdy Plateau.......................................................................................................... 9 Trenches ...................................................................................................................... 9 Teslin -
Warburton Pike (1861-1915)
152 ARCTIC PROFILES Photo: Provincial Archives of British Columbia No. 4510. British Columbia has lost her foremost sportsman, and the eller on huntingtrips to the B .C . interior and other parts of the Dominion is the prer by an author who had achieved con- North. siderable note, by the death of Mr. Warburton Pike. News of August 1889 found Pike embarking by canoe fromFort Res- the demise of the well-known hunter was received in a cable from London, but the manner of his death is unknown. (Daily olution on what he called “an ordinary shooting expedition” Colonist, 30 October 1915) north of Great Slave Lake, where he hoped to “penetrate this unknown land, to see the musk-ox, and find out as much as I Warburton Pike was born into an old Westcountry family could about their habits, and the habits of the Indians who go near Wareham, Dorset, in 1861. He was educated at Rugby inpursuit of them every year. ” Thuscommenced the 14 School inan atmosphere of muscularChristianity, the physical months of hard travel, privation, and adventure described so emphasis of which was not lost on him. From Rugby he went vividly in Pike’s classic book The Barren Ground of Northern up to Brasenose College, Oxford, where he became a close Canada. friendof Earl Haig, the future fieldmarshal. Like many For five months he explored and hunted with the Beaulieu another young Englishman of his time andclass, Pike was at- clan - “the biggest scoundrels I ever had to travel with” - tracted to outdoor life and distantlands. In 1884, drawn by the and Yellowknives as far as the Coppermine country north of raw emptiness of British Columbia, he purchased ground on Lac de Gras. -
Results of Nass River Biological Surveys for The
RESULTS OF NASS RIVER BIOLOGICAL SURVEYS FOR THE YEARS 1956 AND 1957, I NCLUDING A PRELIMI NARY ASSESSMENT OF THE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF THE PROPOSED HYDRO- ELECTRIC PROJECT Department of Fish eries, Canada Vancouver, B. C. June, 1958 SH349 Canada. DePa rtment of Fisheri A2 Results of Nass Rive r biolosic 58-02 a l surve~s for the ~ea ~s 1956 a nd 1957, includins a Prelimina r c l s assessment of t h e Possible ef f ect s of the P roposed h ~ dro -e l ~ TABLE OF CONTENTS MAR 2 0 tH89 LJl3F?Af~Y p J\(:: f Fi:~·: F~, ,~,l '')~~~ y '"" 111.. C"TA"i"Vl")l\.'il Page ·~~· .. ~--"•·-· .. "-·- ... \~,,,.f.... -.L .. ~.:1 .. Ail... l"tll 1. r:~ i ~:~; ~ -i ~.·~·: ~-·: ~, 2: ;.-.! r... ;.- -. -~ .. ;·: /\ j\. 1~; · DESCRIP~~ION OF SUHVEYS NJ\r--.:,.:.,i;-.,10, C~:-.:;T·i:..::;J COL\JMBIA: 3 CAN/\[)/\ v~,;r~ l:H(6 l. 1956 - Prel~ninary survey of the Upper Nase wate:r·~b.ed :tn con.junction with the Meziadin operation.it:! 3 2. 1957 = Crnrmie:t•cial i'ishery 9 f'i. sh-whee 1 oper•at:lons ~ spawning gr,cmnd survey~ 3 t~ 1956 = Survey results 4 5 Do DISCUSSION 13 lo The Effect of the Power Development on the Upstirei.\tm M.igrt:i.tion of' Salmon and Trout 13 2-0 Ef:tect on Spawning and R::iax•ing Areas 14 (a) Main Dam. {b) Meziadj.n Storage Dam (c) Bell-Irving Storage Dam 3o The Anticipated Effect of Flooding on Lake P:i:~oduotiv·:tty (a) Mez:iadin Iiake ( b) Bowse.r L1:1ke lto The gffect on Downstr•eam M:tgra.t:ton 16 (a.) Res:tdi..uRl:tsm (b) Predation Eo CONCLUSION 18 '. -
Canadian Volcanoes, Based on Recent Seismic Activity; There Are Over 200 Geological Young Volcanic Centres
Volcanoes of Canada 1 V4 C.J. Hickson and M. Ulmi, Jan. 3, 2006 • Global Volcanism and Plate tectonics Where do volcanoes occur? Driving forces • Volcano chemistry and eruption types • Volcanic Hazards Pyroclastic flows and surges Lava flows Ash fall (tephra) Lahars/Debris Flows Debris Avalanches Volcanic Gases • Anatomy of an Eruption – Mt. St. Helens • Volcanoes of Canada Stikine volcanic belt Presentation Outline Anahim volcanic belt Wells Gray – Clearwater volcanic field 2 Garibaldi volcanic belt • USA volcanoes – Cascade Magmatic Arc V4 Volcanoes in Our Backyard Global Volcanism and Plate tectonics In Canada, British Columbia and Yukon are the host to a vast wealth of volcanic 3 landforms. V4 How many active volcanoes are there on Earth? • Erupting now about 20 • Each year 50-70 • Each decade about 160 • Historical eruptions about 550 Global Volcanism and Plate tectonics • Holocene eruptions (last 10,000 years) about 1500 Although none of Canada’s volcanoes are erupting now, they have been active as recently as a couple of 4 hundred years ago. V4 The Earth’s Beginning Global Volcanism and Plate tectonics 5 V4 The Earth’s Beginning These global forces have created, mountain Global Volcanism and Plate tectonics ranges, continents and oceans. 6 V4 continental crust ic ocean crust mantle Where do volcanoes occur? Global Volcanism and Plate tectonics 7 V4 Driving Forces: Moving Plates Global Volcanism and Plate tectonics 8 V4 Driving Forces: Subduction Global Volcanism and Plate tectonics 9 V4 Driving Forces: Hot Spots Global Volcanism and Plate tectonics 10 V4 Driving Forces: Rifting Global Volcanism and Plate tectonics Ocean plates moving apart create new crust.