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Godišnji Izveštaj Za 2012/2013 Godinu ELEKTROTEHNIČKI INSTITUT NIKOLA TESLA GODIŠNJI IZVEŠTAJ ZA 2012/2013 GODINU Beograd, 2014 Izdavač: Elektrotehnički institut “Nikola Tesla” Koste Glavinića 8a 11000 Beograd www.ieent.org Telefoni: Centrala: +381 11 3691 447 Direktor: +381 11 3690 487 Centar za elektroenergetske sisteme: +381 11 3690 786 Centar za automatiku i regulaciju: +381 11 3690 548 Centar za elektroenergetske objekte: +381 11 3690 359 Centar za elektromerenja: +381 11 3690 674 Fax: +381 11 3690 823 CIP – Katalogizacija u publikaciji Narodna biblioteka Srbije, Beograd 62 Godišnji izveštaj za ... godinu / Elektrotehnički institut “Nikola Tesla” Beograd ; glavni urednik Tatjana Jugović Repajić - 19??- . - Beograd (Koste Glavinića 8a) : Elektrotehnički institut “Nikola Tesla”, 19??-. - 30 cm Godišnje ISSN 1820-256X = Godišnji izveštaj - Elektrotehnički institut “Nikola Tesla” COBISS.SR-ID 8036364 Glavni urednik: TaTjana juGović-repajić TeHniČki urednik: Marjan sTojković SADRŽAJ elekTroTeHniČki insTiTuT nikola Tesla strana 4 CenTar Za elekTroenerGeTske sisTeMe strana 23 CenTar Za auToMaTiku i reGulaCiju strana49 CenTar Za elekTroenerGeTske oBjekTe strana131 CenTar Za elekTroMerenja strana 167 oBJAVLJENI radovi saradnika strana 271 Godišnji izveštaj za 2012-2013 godinu Elektrotehnički Institut Nikola Tesla 3 UVODNIK Elektrotehnički Institut Nikola Tesla, A.D. Beograd 1. Trendovi poslovanja Elektrotehnički institut Nikola Tesla (INT), decenijama, posluje na tržišnim principima, kao nezavisna istraživačko razvojna kompanija u većinskom državnom vlasništvu. Uspešan rad i razvoj može zahvaliti, pre svega, sposobnosti da se prilagodi stalnim promenama na tržištu na kome ostvaruje svoju osnovnu istraživačko razvojnu delatnost. Poslovne aktivnosti INT dominantno ostvaruje na domaćem tržištu (preko 90% godišnjeg prihoda), a najznačajniji strateški poslovni partner je Elektroprivreda Srbije (preko 50% godišnjeg prihoda). Privredni pokazatelji na domaćem tržištu, u 2013. godini, ukazuju, u nekim parametrima, na blago poboljšanje u odnosu na 2012. godinu: bruto domaći proizvod je povećan za 2%, najviše zahvaljujući poljoprivredi i energetici, poboljšana je likvidnost, inflacija je smanjena na 2,2 %. Medjutim, nastavljen je negativan trend u pogledu: smanjenja direktnih stranih investicija, javni dug Srbije dostigao je 20 milijardi Eura (više od 60% bruto domaćeg proizvoda), stopa nezaposlonosti je izuzetno velika (preko 20%, u mladjoj populaciji i preko 50%), nastavljen je trend „odliva mozgova“, po čemu je Srbija na neslavnom drugom mestu na svetu. Elektroprivreda Srbije (EPS), najvažniji strateški partner INT, na početku 2013. godine je iskazala gubitak u poslovanju a problemi sa likvidnošću su bili veoma izraženi. To je dovelo do smanjenja poslovnih aktivnosti, što je praćeno odlaganjem velikih investicionih poslova (revitalizacija TENT-a B, druga faza, je odložena za 2015. godinu), a štedelo se i na poslovima redovnih remonata i tekućeg održavanja. Novi Zakon o javnim nabavkama, pored pozitivnih rešenja, je dodatno iskomplikovao i usporio ugovaranje poslova u skladu sa već smanjenim planom nabavki EPS-a. Novo poslovodstvo EPS-a se prioritetno bavilo reorganizacijom i pripremama za korporativizaciju kompanije. Ipak, dobra proizvodnja kao i veliki izvoz tokom 2013. godine doveli su do smanjenja gubitaka u poslovanju, a EPS je, u drugoj polovini godine, ušao u zonu potpuno likvidnog poslovanja. U ovakvim, otežanim uslovima, poslovodstvo INT i vodeći saradnici su učinili dodatni napor da se održi nivo poslovnih aktivnosti koji je omogućio pozitivno poslovanje i u 2013. godini. Saradnici INT učestvuju na 10 istraživačko-razvojnih projekata Ministarstva prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja. Finansiranje i rad na ovim projektima odvijao se stabilno, mada je bilo manjih problema u finansiranju troškova, a oprema, predvidjena planom realizacije ovih projekata, nažalost, nije finansirana od strane Ministarstva. Najneophodniju opremu INT je nabavio iz sopstvenih sredstava. Najnovija je informacija da će se tekući ciklus istraživanja produžiti i 2015. godine. Saradnja sa domaćom industrijom odvijala se u okvirima ralnih, smanjenih mogućnosti domaćih kompanija. Stvarane su pretpostavke za aktivniji nastup na tržištu u regionu i povećano prisustvo Instituta na medjunarodnom tržištu, na kome se oseća pozitivna poslovna aktivnost, posle višegodišnje recesije. Iako su uslovi poslovanja, u prethodnom periodu, bili jako promenjivi, a često i veoma nepovoljni, INT je uspeo da održi stalni rast i razvoj. Prikaz trendova porasta broja zaposlenih, ukupnog prihoda i prosečnih zarada za prethodnih deset godina dat je na Slikama 1.,2., i 3., respektivno. Sa grafika se može videti da su, u odnosu na kretanja u Republici Srbiji, svi parametri INT pozitivni (zaposlenost: INT +36%, Srbija -15%; ukupan prihod: ubrzani rast INT; prosečna zarada: u INT više od 2,5 puta veća od prosečne zarade u Srbiji) 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Broj zaposlenih u INT-ukupno, normalizovano na 2003. u % Broj zaposelnih u R.S.-ukupno, normalizovano na 2003. u % Slika 1. Relativne promene broja zaposlenih u INT i Republici Srbiji. Godišnji izveštaj za 2012-2013 godinu 4 Elektrotehnički Institut Nikola Tesla UVODNIK 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Ukupan prihod INT, normalizovan na 2003. u % BDP R.S., normalizovan na 2003. u % Slika 2. Relativne promene u prihodu INT i BDP Republika Srbija (u dinarima). 1200 1080 1080 1020 1000 1000 930 950 900 800 660 600 475 410 400 402 388 372 365 400 347 337 331 258 210 176 195 200 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Prosečna neto zarada u INT, u evrima Presečna neto zarada u R.S., u evrima Slika 3. Promene prosečnih neto zarada (u evrima) za poslednjih deset godina. 2. Razvoj osnovne delatnosti Osnovne oblasti rada INT (studije, ispitivanja, izrada uredjaja savremene tehnologije) razvijale su se skladno. Započet je i nastavljen rad na strateškim studijama za EPS (regulacija sistemskih parametara elektroenergetskog sistema, analiza i selektivnost relejne zaštite, upravljanje potrošnjom, obnovljivi izvori energije, energetska efikasnost, nejonizujuća zračenja, metode merenja, monitoringa, dijagnostike...). Razvijene su nove metode ispitivanja pobudnih sistema, sistema turbinske regulacije, sistema relejne zaštite, ispitivanja rotacionih mašina i transformatora (magnetski monitoring, akustička meranja), ispitivanja izolacinih ulja i papira (PCB, korozivni sumpor), ispitivanja uzemljenja povećanim strujama promenjive učestanosti. Posebno uspešan bio je razvoj i izrada pobudnih sistema za velike generatore, i po broju (preko 30 sistema) i po snazi (ukupno preko 2000MVA, medju njima i pobuda za TENT B 725 MVA) i po primeni novih razvojnih rešenja (vodom hladjeni tiristorski mostovi). Razvijen je i integrisani sistem za upravljanje i regulaciju malih hidroelektrana, kao i veći broj originalnih tehničkih rešenja u oblasti energetske elektronike, merenja, ispitivanja klase tačnosti mernih transformatora, monitoringa i dijagnostike. Osim hardvera radjeno je i na razvoju softvera, bazama podataka i dijagnostičkim alatima. Kadar Kadrovska struktura Institita je veoma povoljna. Od 136 stalno zaposlenih saradnika 14 je doktora nauka, 11 magistara i 73 saradnika sa visokom stručnom spremom, pretežno elektroinženjera. Nekoliko saradnika je pred odbranom magistarskih radova ili doktorskih disertacija (vredi napomenuti da je Institut pre deset godina imao samo 3 doktora nauka). Kadrovska politika Instituta usmerena je na razvoj naučnoistraživačkog podmlatka, i u tom smislu opšti i pojedinačni akti Instituta stimulišu mlade istraživače za usavršavanje i sticanje istraživačkih i naučnih zvanja (pravilnici o nagrađivanju publikovanih radova, tehničkih rešenja i patenata; pojedinačni ugovori o finansiranju stručnog usavršavanja i td). Godišnji izveštaj za 2012-2013 godinu Elektrotehnički Institut Nikola Tesla 5 UVODNIK Oprema Institut je i u 2012. i 2013. godini nabavljao nedostajuću kapitalnu opreme iz sopstvenih sredstava. Uložena su značajna sredstva za jačanje poslovne infrastrukture: novih automobila za rad na terenu, računarske opreme, mrežu i profesionalni softver Instituta. Obnovljena je internet prezentacija Instituta, instaliran novi poslovni softver, pušten je u rad novi sistem za kontrolu radnog vremena, a proširivani su dalje i elementi računarske mreže Instituta, baza podataka i baza znanja. Povezivanje računarske mreže INT na akademsku mrežu Srbije, čime je rešen dugogodišnji problem sa Internet saobraćajem u Institutu uz istovremeno značajno smanjenje troškova, omogućilo je dalje proširivanje i razvoj Internet orjentisanih servisa (ovo je rezultat činjenice da je INT član Univerziteta u Beogradu). Poslovno tehnička saradnja U prethodnom periodu Institut je obnovio članstvo u Zajednici instituta Srbije, Institutu za standardizaciju Srbije, CIGRE Paris, CIGRE Srbija, ETRAN, Akademiji inženjerskih nauka Srbije, IEC, IEEE. Institut je u sastavu Univerziteta u Beogradu, shodno Odluci Senata Univerziteta u Beogradu, br.akta 612-1201/5-07 od 20.11.2007. godine. Saradnja sa domaćim institutima i fakultetima ima uzlazni trend, a unapređena je saradnja sa multinacionalnim kompanijama, Siemens, ABB, Schneider electric, koje posluju na srpskom tržištu. Laboratorija za ispitivanje u INT je akreditovana od strane Akreditacionog tela Srbije (ATS), na osnovu rešenja 01-134 od 26. aprila 2007. godine. Laboratorija za etaloniranje akreditovana je od strane ATS, na osnovu rešenja
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