World Order Power and Strategy.Pdf (9.473Mb)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

World Order Power and Strategy.Pdf (9.473Mb) Texas Volume 1, Issue 1 December 2017 Print: ISSN 2576-1021 National Online: ISSN 2576-1153 Security Review WORLD ORDER, POWER, & STRATEGY Volume 1 Issue 1 MASTHEAD Staff: Publisher: Managing Editor: Copy Editors: Ryan Evans Megan G. Oprea, PhD Autumn Brewington Sara Gebhardt, PhD Editor-in-Chief: Associate Editors: Katelyn Gough William Inboden, PhD Van Jackson, PhD Stephen Tankel, PhD Celeste Ward Gventer Editorial Board: Chair, Editorial Board: Editor-in-Chief: Francis J. Gavin, PhD William Inboden, PhD Robert J. Art, PhD Beatrice Heuser, PhD John Owen, PhD Richard Betts, PhD Michael C. Horowitz, PhD Thomas Rid, PhD John Bew, PhD Richard H. Immerman, PhD Joshua Rovner, PhD Nigel Biggar, PhD Robert Jervis, PhD Elizabeth N. Saunders, PhD Hal Brands, PhD Colin Kahl, PhD Kori Schake, PhD Joshua W. Busby, PhD Jonathan Kirshner, PhD Michael N. Schmitt, JD Robert Chesney, JD James Kraska, JD Jacob N. Shapiro, PhD Eliot Cohen, PhD Stephen D. Krasner, PhD Sandesh Sivakumaran, PhD Audrey Kurth Cronin, PhD Sarah Kreps, PhD Sarah Snyder, PhD Theo Farrell, PhD Melvyn P. Leffler, PhD Bartholomew Sparrow, PhD Peter D. Feaver, PhD Fredrik Logevall, PhD Monica Duffy Toft, PhD Rosemary Foot, PhD, FBA Margaret MacMillan, CC, PhD Marc Trachtenberg, PhD Taylor Fravel, PhD Thomas G. Mahnken, PhD René Värk, SJD Sir Lawrence Freedman, PhD Rose McDermott, PhD Steven Weber, PhD James Goldgeier, PhD Paul D. Miller, PhD Amy Zegart, PhD Michael J. Green, PhD Vipin Narang, PhD Kelly M. Greenhill, PhD Janne E. Nolan, PhD Policy and Strategy Advisory Board: Chair: Adm. William McRaven, Ret. Hon. Elliott Abrams, JD Hon. James Jeffrey Dan Runde Hon. Brad Carson Paul Lettow, JD, PhD David Shedd Hon. Derek Chollet Hon. Michael Lumpkin Hon. Kristen Silverberg, JD Amb. Ryan Crocker Hon. William J. Lynn, JD Michael Singh, MBA Hon. Eric Edelman, PhD Kelly Magsamen Adm. James G. Stavridis, Ret., PhD Hon. Kathleen Hicks, PhD Gen. David Petraeus, Ret. Hon. Christine E. Wormuth TABLE OF CONTENTS The Foundation 06 Note from the Publisher Ryan Evans 08 TNSR: Who We Are, What We Do, and Why You Should Care Francis J. Gavin The Scholar 14 World Order: Many-Headed Monster or Noble Pursuit? John Bew 36 Why Did America Cross the Pacific? Reconstructing the U.S. Decision to Take the Philippines, 1898-99 Philip Zelikow 68 ‘Blunt Not the Heart, Enrage It’: The Psychology of Revenge and Deterrence Rose McDermott, Anthony C. Lopez, Peter K. Hatemi 90 The Meaning of Strategy, Part I: The Origins Lawrence Freedman The Strategist 108 Now What? The American Citizen, World Order, and Building a New Foreign Policy Consensus Kathleen Hicks 120 Too Much History: American Policy and East Asia in the Shadow of the Past James B. Steinberg 126 Restoring the Vision: Overcoming Gridlock to Reassert Congress’s Role in Deliberating National Security Sen. John McCain The Roundtable Feature 132 The Triumph & Tragedy of Diplomatic History Hal Brands 6 The Foundation Note from the Publisher Speaking at a War on the Rocks party in the spring of 2015, my friend Richard Fontaine, the president of the Center for a New American Security said: Who would have thought nearly two years ago that the world needed another online publication on defense and foreign policy — much less one that was alcohol-themed? Well, it turns out that’s exactly what the world needed. It is true that the case for War on the Rocks was disciplinary and professional boundaries — to not self-evident. There were far more reasons not solve the pressing global problems of our day. The to do it than to do it and far more factors working Texas National Security Review is an ambitious against its success than for it. But when it comes step towards realizing that goal. to this new journal, the Texas National Security The refereed journal is one of the pillars of the Review, the case for it could not be stronger and scholarly profession (the others being the PhD the gaps it seeks to fill could not be easier to see. program and the tenure system). We all know The chair of our editorial board, Francis Gavin, the usual complaints about these journals: The has ably laid out what our journal seeks to review process takes too long and the publication accomplish, especially in its scholarly activities. process even longer. And what is going on with And the chair of our policy and strategy board and Reviewer #2 anyway? the chancellor of the University of Texas System, But there is something more troubling Adm. (ret.) William McRaven, has set the agenda about them — at least to me: They are the key for our overall effort. As the journal’s publisher, I components in a system that creates malign would like to explain why we need another journal incentives for rising scholars. For at least the first focused on national and international security, how six years of their academic careers — perhaps our project will be different from what you have the most intellectually fertile of their lives — seen before, and what we aim to accomplish. scholars are required to dedicate large amounts In an era of transition, change, and instability, it of their time to the production of written works is more vital than ever that our greatest scholars destined only to be read by small circles of their and our greatest leaders engage in deeper, “big academic peers due to the way in which journals think” conversations with one another — across are edited and marketed as well as the style of 7 writing they demand. In the fields relevant to our Security Review is filled with giants and rising purposes — which have a profound bearing on our stars of political science, history, and law. Our first security, power, and prosperity — every article that issue, which you hold in your hands today, includes follows this well-worn path is a lost opportunity original work by scholars doing the most exciting for public engagement, education, and influence. and useful research in their respective disciplines Should a junior scholar prioritize the latter type of and across disciplines. What’s more, we have engagement through written work, it is treated as attracted the support of an elite group of retired something apart from their job and may even come military leaders and former (and likely future) at the expense of career prospects. senior officials who are eager to help us bridge the Must it be either/or? Must the choice be so stark? scholar-policymaker/practitioner gap. I do not believe it must. Finally, one institution in particular merits I believe scholarly work can be accessible, useful, special mention here: the University of Texas and interesting for policymakers and practitioners System, which — under McRaven’s leadership — while serving a successful academic career. has made this all possible through a deliberate I believe scholars can do cutting edge work in and long-term investment. This simply would their own fields while speaking to scholars of other not be possible without the support of a major disciplines and addressing their concerns and educational institution and I am eternally grateful participating in their debates. to be working with the University of Texas System I believe journals can be published, printed, and its eight universities. marketed, and shared like other publications. So, please enjoy this first issue of the Texas I believe policymakers and national security National Security Review. And if you find value in practitioners can engage alongside the refereed what we are doing, please get involved and visit our work of scholars in the same publication and that website, tnsr.org. doing so creates something that is more than the sum of its parts. Ryan Evans is the publisher of the Texas National And I believe it can all be done without sacrificing Security Review. He is also the founder, CEO, and the rigor and credibility that is so important — editor-in-chief of War on the Rocks. rightfully — to advancing and communicating scholarly knowledge. Perhaps more importantly, other people — as well as institutions — also believe these things. You will find the editorial board of the Texas National TNSR: Who We Are, What We Do, and Why You Should Care Francis J. Gavin, PhD 9 The Texas National Security Review launches today. What do you need to know about this ambitious project aimed at changing the way we generate policy-relevant and policy-accessible knowledge about the world’s toughest challenges? Today, we launch a new journal and I am honored peace than we’d like. to serve as the chair of its editorial board. The goal Over time, the questions surrounding conflict and of the Texas National Security Review (TNSR) is to cooperation have become even more complicated become the intellectual home to a growing global, and consequential. Civil war, clashes driven by interdisciplinary network of scholars working scarcity and environmental change, irregular on questions of foreign policy, international conflict, information attacks, and terrorism have relations, and national and international security. joined great power competition as pressing With generous and deliberate support from the concerns. New technologies and new domains alter University of Texas, this journal seeks the best, how and where conflict takes place. The power of most innovative scholarship that transcends norms, culture, and institutions to shape outcomes disciplines and speaks to a wider world. Over is recognized if not fully understood. The shadow time, we hope TNSR will become the go-to of nuclear apocalypse hovers over international source for scholars, decision-makers, military and politics, surpassed only by the fear of some yet government practitioners, and concerned citizens unknown pathogen-wreaking havoc. from around the world thinking about questions of TNSR recognizes and appreciates that the scope of war and peace.
Recommended publications
  • The Position of Secretary of Defense: Statutory Restrictions and Civilian-Military Relations
    The Position of Secretary of Defense: Statutory Restrictions and Civilian-Military Relations Updated January 6, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44725 Position of Secretary of Defense: Statutory Restrictions and Civilian-Military Relations Summary The position of Secretary of Defense is unique within the United States government; it is one of two civilian positions within the military chain of command, although unlike the President, the Secretary of Defense is not elected. Section 113 of the United States Code states that the Secretary of Defense is to be “appointed from civilian life by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.” The section goes on to elaborate a key mechanism by which civilian control of the armed forces is maintained: A person may not be appointed as Secretary of Defense within seven years after relief from active duty as a commissioned officer of a regular component of an armed force. The proposed nomination of General (Ret.) Lloyd Austin, United States Army, who retired from the military in 2016, to be Secretary of Defense may lead both houses of Congress to consider whether and how to suspend, change, or remove that provision. This provision was originally contained in the 1947 National Security Act (P.L. 80-253), which mandated that 10 years pass between the time an officer is relieved from active duty and when he or she could be appointed to the office of the Secretary of Defense. In 2007, Section 903 of the FY2008 National Defense Authorization Act (P.L. 110-181), Congress changed the period of time that must elapse between relief from active duty and appointment to the position of Secretary of Defense to seven years.
    [Show full text]
  • Biden Calls for United Front As Virus Rages
    Late Edition Today, partly cloudy after patchy fog, warm, high 72. Tonight, mostly cloudy, mild, low 62. Tomorrow, mostly cloudy, rain later, high 70. Weather map appears on Page B12. VOL. CLXX .... No. 58,873 © 2020 The New York Times Company NEW YORK, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 2020 $3.00 BIDEN CALLS FOR UNITED FRONT AS VIRUS RAGES McConnell Impugns Vaccine Is Over 90% Urges All Americans Results That Gave Effective, Pfizer’s to Wear Masks as G.O.P. Wins, Too Early Data Says Hospitals Fill Up By NICHOLAS FANDOS This article is by Katie Thomas, By MICHAEL D. SHEAR and EMILY COCHRANE David Gelles and Carl Zimmer. WILMINGTON, Del. — Corona- Leading Republicans rallied on The drug maker Pfizer an- virus cases surged to a record on Monday around President nounced on Monday that an early Monday, with the United States Trump’s refusal to concede the analysis of its coronavirus vac- now averaging 111,000 cases each election, declining to challenge cine trial suggested the vaccine day for the past week, a grim mile- the false narrative that it was stol- was robustly effective in prevent- stone amid rising hospitalizations en from him or to recognize Presi- ing Covid-19, a promising develop- and deaths that cast a shadow on dent-elect Joseph R. Biden Jr.’s ment as the world has waited anx- positive news about the effective- victory even as party divisions iously for any positive news about ness of a potential vaccine. burst into public view. a pandemic that has killed more As the number of infected Senator Mitch McConnell of than 1.2 million people.
    [Show full text]
  • DIRECTING the Disorder the CFR Is the Deep State Powerhouse Undoing and Remaking Our World
    DEEP STATE DIRECTING THE Disorder The CFR is the Deep State powerhouse undoing and remaking our world. 2 by William F. Jasper The nationalist vs. globalist conflict is not merely an he whole world has gone insane ideological struggle between shadowy, unidentifiable and the lunatics are in charge of T the asylum. At least it looks that forces; it is a struggle with organized globalists who have way to any rational person surveying the very real, identifiable, powerful organizations and networks escalating revolutions that have engulfed the planet in the year 2020. The revolu- operating incessantly to undermine and subvert our tions to which we refer are the COVID- constitutional Republic and our Christian-style civilization. 19 revolution and the Black Lives Matter revolution, which, combined, are wreak- ing unprecedented havoc and destruction — political, social, economic, moral, and spiritual — worldwide. As we will show, these two seemingly unrelated upheavals are very closely tied together, and are but the latest and most profound manifesta- tions of a global revolutionary transfor- mation that has been under way for many years. Both of these revolutions are being stoked and orchestrated by elitist forces that intend to unmake the United States of America and extinguish liberty as we know it everywhere. In his famous “Lectures on the French Revolution,” delivered at Cambridge University between 1895 and 1899, the distinguished British historian and states- man John Emerich Dalberg, more com- monly known as Lord Acton, noted: “The appalling thing in the French Revolution is not the tumult, but the design. Through all the fire and smoke we perceive the evidence of calculating organization.
    [Show full text]
  • A HISTORY of the HEBREW TABERNACLE CONGREGATION of WASHINGTON HEIGHTS a German-Jewish Community in New York City
    A HISTORY OF HEBREW TABERNACLE A HISTORY OF THE HEBREW TABERNACLE CONGREGATION OF WASHINGTON HEIGHTS A German-Jewish Community in New York City With An Introduction by Rabbi Robert L. Lehman, D. Min., D.D. December 8, 1985 Chanukah, 5746 by Evelyn Ehrlich — 1 — A HISTORY OF HEBREW TABERNACLE THANK YOU Many individuals have contributed toward making this project possible, not the least of which were those who helped with their financial contributions. They gave “in honor” as well as “in memory” of individuals and causes they held dear. We appreciate their gifts and thank them in the name of the congregation. R.L.L. IN MEMORY OF MY DEAR ONES by Mrs. Anna Bondy TESSY & MAX BUCHDAHL by their loved ones, Mr. and Mrs. Ernst Grumbacher HERBERT KANN by his wife, Mrs. Lore Kann FRED MEYERHOFF by his wife, Mrs. Rose Meyerhoff ILSE SCHLOSS by her husband, Mr. Kurt J. Schloss JULIUS STERN by his wife, Mrs. Bella Stern ROBERT WOLEMERINGER by his wife, Mrs. Friedel Wollmeringer IN HONOR OF AMY, DEBORAH & JOSHUA BAUML by their grandmother, Mrs. Elsa Bauml the CONGREGATION by Mrs. Gerda Dittman, Mr. & Mrs. Paul Ganzman, Ms. Bertha Kuba, Mr. & Mrs. Nathan Maier, Mrs. Emma Michel, Mrs. Ada Speyer (deceased 1984), Mrs. Joan Wickert MICHELLE GLASER and STEVEN GLASER by their grandmother, Mrs. Anna Bondy RAQUEL and RUSSELL PFEFFER by their grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. Rudolph Oppenheimer HANNA ROTHSTEIN by her friend, Mrs. Stephanie Goldmann and by two donors who wish to remain anonymous — 2 — A HISTORY OF HEBREW TABERNACLE INTRODUCTION Several factors were instrumental in the writing of this history of our congregation.
    [Show full text]
  • New Voices, New Directions
    at Brookings Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World Saban Center for Middle East Policy at Brookings May 29-31, 2012 • Doha, Qatar 1775 Massachusetts Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20036 www.brookings.edu/about/projects/islamic-world NEW VOICES, NEW DIRECTIONS at Brookings WELCOME Ahlan Wa Sahlan! On behalf of the Brookings Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World, housed within the Saban Center for Middle East Policy, we welcome you to the ninth annual U.S.- Islamic World Forum. In partnership with the State of Qatar, Brookings convenes this Fo- rum annually under the gracious auspices of H.R.H. Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani, the Emir of Qatar. After a successful Forum convened for the first time in Washington, D.C. last year, we are pleased to be back in Doha. Last year, we met in the midst of the “Arab Awakening”—the dramatic changes that con- STEERING COMMITTEE tinue to transform the Middle East and North Africa. From Tunisia to Egypt to Yemen, ordinary citizens have made possible extraordinary political and social changes. This year, we examine the impact of, and continuing challenges posed by, these changes, not just for STEPHEN R. GRAND Fellow and Director the Arab world, but also for Muslim communities around the globe, including in South Project on U.S. Relations and Southeast Asia—as well as their strategic implications for the United States. with the Islamic World During our three days together, we have arranged a variety of formats for candid dialogue MARTIN INDYK and engagement: Vice President and Director
    [Show full text]
  • Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the Services Articles of Interest for the Week of 20 November 2015
    Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the Services Articles of Interest for the Week of 20 November 2015 RECRUITMENT & RETENTION 1. Military reports slight uptick in women joining officer corps (16 Nov) Military Times, By Andrew Tilghman The Pentagon is seeing a small rise in the percentage of women entering the officer corps, according to a report released. 2. Force of the Future Looks to Maintain U.S. Advantages (18 Nov) DoD News, Defense Media Activity, By Jim Garamone “Permeability” is a word that will be heard a lot in relation to Defense Secretary Ash Carter’s new Force of the Future program. 3. Carter Details Force of the Future Initiatives (18 Nov) DoD News, Defense Media Activity, By Jim Garamone Defense Secretary Ash Carter said his Force of the Future program is necessary to ensure the Defense Department continues to attract the best people America has to offer. 4. Pentagon to Escalate War for Talent (18 Nov) National Defense, By Sandra I. Erwin A wide-ranging personnel reform proposal unveiled by Defense Secretary Ashton Carter could put the Pentagon in a better position to compete with the private sector for talent. EMPLOYMENT & INTEGRATION 5. Grosso pins on 3rd star to become first female USAF personnel chief (16 Nov) Air Force Times, By Stephen Losey Lt. Gen. Gina Grosso, the Air Force's new personnel chief, formally pinned on her third star during a ceremony at the Pentagon Monday. 6. The Army is looking for hundreds of NCOs for drill sergeant duty (16 Nov) Army Times, By Michelle Tan The search is two-pronged: the Army needs more female drill sergeants as it prepares to open more jobs to women and tries to recruit more women into the service, while the Army Reserve only has 60 percent of the drill sergeants it needs.
    [Show full text]
  • Toward an Enhanced Strategic Policy in the Philippines
    Toward an Enhanced Strategic Policy in the Philippines EDITED BY ARIES A. ARUGAY HERMAN JOSEPH S. KRAFT PUBLISHED BY University of the Philippines Center for Integrative and Development Studies Diliman, Quezon City First Printing, 2020 UP CIDS No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, without written permission from the publishers. Recommended Entry: Towards an enhanced strategic policy in the Philippines / edited by Aries A. Arugay, Herman Joseph S. Kraft. -- Quezon City : University of the Philippines, Center for Integrative Studies,[2020],©2020. pages ; cm ISBN 978-971-742-141-4 1. Philippines -- Economic policy. 2. Philippines -- Foreign economic relations. 2. Philippines -- Foreign policy. 3. International economic relations. 4. National Security -- Philippines. I. Arugay, Aries A. II. Kraft, Herman Joseph S. II. Title. 338.9599 HF1599 P020200166 Editors: Aries A. Arugay and Herman Joseph S. Kraft Copy Editors: Alexander F. Villafania and Edelynne Mae R. Escartin Layout and Cover design: Ericson Caguete Printed in the Philippines UP CIDS has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ______________________________________ i Foreword Stefan Jost ____________________________________________ iii Teresa S. Encarnacion Tadem _____________________________v List of Abbreviations ___________________________________ ix About the Contributors ________________________________ xiii Introduction The Strategic Outlook of the Philippines: “Situation Normal, Still Muddling Through” Herman Joseph S. Kraft __________________________________1 Maritime Security The South China Sea and East China Sea Disputes: Juxtapositions and Implications for the Philippines Jaime B.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pulitzer Prizes 2020 Winne
    WINNERS AND FINALISTS 1917 TO PRESENT TABLE OF CONTENTS Excerpts from the Plan of Award ..............................................................2 PULITZER PRIZES IN JOURNALISM Public Service ...........................................................................................6 Reporting ...............................................................................................24 Local Reporting .....................................................................................27 Local Reporting, Edition Time ..............................................................32 Local General or Spot News Reporting ..................................................33 General News Reporting ........................................................................36 Spot News Reporting ............................................................................38 Breaking News Reporting .....................................................................39 Local Reporting, No Edition Time .......................................................45 Local Investigative or Specialized Reporting .........................................47 Investigative Reporting ..........................................................................50 Explanatory Journalism .........................................................................61 Explanatory Reporting ...........................................................................64 Specialized Reporting .............................................................................70
    [Show full text]
  • Process Makes Perfect Best Practices in the Art of National Security Policymaking
    AP PHOTO/CHARLES DHARAPAK PHOTO/CHARLES AP Process Makes Perfect Best Practices in the Art of National Security Policymaking By Kori Schake, Hoover Institution, and William F. Wechsler, Center for American Progress January 2017 WWW.AMERICANPROGRESS.ORG Process Makes Perfect Best Practices in the Art of National Security Policymaking By Kori Schake, Hoover Institution, and William F. Wechsler, Center for American Progress January 2017 Contents 1 Introduction and summary 6 Findings 14 First-order questions for the next president 17 Best practices to consider 26 Policymaking versus oversight versus crisis management 36 Meetings, meetings, and more meetings 61 Internal NSC staff management 72 Appendix A 73 About the authors 74 Endnotes Introduction and summary Most modern presidents have found that the transition from campaigning to governing presents a unique set of challenges, especially regarding their newfound national security responsibilities. Regardless of their party affiliation or preferred diplomatic priorities, presidents have invariably come to appreciate that they can- not afford to make foreign policy decisions in the same manner as they did when they were a candidate. The requirements of managing an enormous and complex national security bureau- cracy reward careful deliberation and strategic consistency, while sharply punishing the kind of policy shifts that are more common on the campaign trail. Statements by the president are taken far more seriously abroad than are promises by a candidate, by both allies and adversaries alike. And while policy mistakes made before entering office can damage a candidate’s personal political prospects, a serious misstep made once in office can put the country itself at risk.
    [Show full text]
  • DEPARTMENT of DEFENSE Office of the Secretary, the Pentagon, Washington, DC 20301–1155 Phone, 703–545–6700
    DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary, The Pentagon, Washington, DC 20301–1155 Phone, 703–545–6700. Internet, www.defenselink.mil. SECRETARY OF DEFENSE ROBERT M. GATES DEPUTY SECRETARY OF DEFENSE WILLIAM LYNN III Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, ASHTON B. CARTER Technology, and Logistics Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Business PAUL A. BRINKLEY Transformation) Deputy Under Secretary of Defense LOUIS W. ARNY III (Installations and Environment) Under Secretary of Defense for Policy MICHELE FLOURNOY Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense JAMES N. MILLER, JR. for Policy Assistant Secretary of Defense (International ALEXANDER R. VERSHBOW Security Affairs) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Special MICHAEL VICKERS Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Homeland (VACANCY) Defense and America’s Security) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Global Strategic JOSEPH BENKERT Affairs Assistant Secretary of Defense (Asian and (VACANCY) Pacific Security Affairs) Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Plans) JANINE DAVIDSON Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (VACANCY) (Technology Security Policy/Counter Proliferation) Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Strategy, KATHLEEN HICKS Plans and Forces) Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Policy PETER VERGA Integration and Chief of Staff) Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense WILLIAM J. CARR, Acting for Personnel and Readiness Assistant Secretary of Defense (Reserve Affairs) DAVID L. MCGINNIS, Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Reserve JENNIFER C. BUCK Affairs) Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Program JEANNE FITES Integration) Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Readiness) SAMUEL D. KLEINMAN Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Military WILLIAM J. CARR Personnel Policy) Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Military ARTHUR J. MYERS, Acting Community and Family Policy) Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Plans) GAIL H.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hudson Highlands and Georgia During the Revolution Edward J
    THE HUDSON RIVER VALLEY REVIEW A Journal of Regional Studies MARIST Publisher Thomas S. Wermuth, Director, Hudson River Valley Institute, Marist College Editors Reed Sparling, Editor in Chief, Hudson Valley Magazine Christopher Pryslopski, Program Director, Hudson River Valley Institute, Marist College Art Director Richard Deon Business Manager Jean DeFino The Hudson River Valley Review (ISSN 1546-3486) is published twice a year by the Hudson River Valley Institute at Marist College. Thomas S. Wermuth, Director James M. Johnson, Executive Director Hudson River Valley Institute Advisory Board Todd Brinckerhoff, Chair Maureen Kangas Peter Bienstock, Vice Chair Barnabas McHenry J. Patrick Dugan Alex Reese Patrick Garvey Denise Doring VanBuren Copyright ©2005 by the Hudson River Valley Institute Post: The Hudson River Valley Review c/o Hudson River Valley Institute Marist College 3399 North Road Poughkeepsie, NY 12601-1387 Tel: 845-575-3052 Fax: 845-575-3176 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.hudsonrivervalley.net Subscription: The annual subscription rate is $20 a year (2 issues), $35 for two years (4 issues). A one-year institutional subscription is $30. Subscribers are urged to inform us promptly of a change of address. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Hudson River Valley Institute, Marist College, 3399 North Road, Poughkeepsie, NY 12601-1387 The Hudson River Valley Review was founded and published by Bard College, 1984-2002. Founding Editors, David C. Pierce and Richard C. Wiles The Hudson River Valley Review is underwritten by the Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area. ii From the Editors The historical net in this issue of The Hudson River Valley Review has been cast especially wide, spanning from the early eighteenth century right up to the twenty-first.
    [Show full text]
  • RMM00006 B.Pdf
    This document is from the Cornell University Library's Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections located in the Carl A. Kroch Library. If you have questions regarding this document or the information it contains, contact us at the phone number or e-mail listed below. Our website also contains research information and answers to frequently asked questions. http://rmc.library.cornell.edu Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections 2B Carl A. Kroch Library Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 Phone: (607) 255-3530 Fax: (607) 255-9524 E-mail: [email protected] PREFACE TO THE LETTERBOOK INDEX The letterbooks of Jacob Gould Schurman were maintained in his office by several persons over his twenty eight year incumbency, resulting in significant variations in control, style, and judgment. Moreover, indexes to each volume were kept by handwritten notation, in both pencil and ink, seldom in alphabetical order, and with numerous addenda and instances of inserted or corrected text. Researchers should exercise special and unusual latitude in an attempt to gather all the citations for a specific name. There are a number of variant patterns, but the most consistent apply to abbreviated versions of the name of the same person. "Cunningham, ~riggs"may be the same as "Cunningham, B." I,Dann, H. E ." may be the same as "Dann, H. H." (due to blurred or illegible handwriting). "Campbell, E. P." may be the same as "Campbell, President" (or Senator, Governor, Secretary, etc.). In many cases the index has knowingly been recreated literally from the original volume indexes with the mistakes intact to avoid an even more confusing, erroneous and unconfirmable interpretation.
    [Show full text]