DOCSLIB.ORG

Download PDF Van Tekst

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download PDF Van Tekst Voortgang. Jaargang 18 bron Voortgang. Jaargang 18. 1999 Zie voor verantwoording: http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_voo004199901_01/colofon.php © 2011 dbnl i.s.m. 7 Die navolging van Guido Gezelle se ‘Twee horsen’ deur Jan F.E. Celliers Etienne Britz Abstract - In a previous issue of this journal (Voortgang XVI, 1996: 91-113), J.D.F. van Halsema traced the argument which evolved in 1913 and 1914 between the Dutch literary critic Albert Verwey on the one side, and South African supporters of the advancement of Afrikaans as a cultural language on the other. The argument involved the alleged merits of the Afrikaans poet C. Louis Leipoldt and the corresponding demerits of Leipoldt's contemporaries Jan F.E. Celliers and Totius. In his periodical De Beweging, Verwey lauded Leipoldt's so-called ‘spraak’ (literally: - ‘speech’), by which he meant Leipoldt's lack of contrivance; his natural talent and originality as a poet. Leipoldt was clearly well-read, according to Verwey, but his erudition did not have a conspicuous regulatory effect on his writing. Celliers and Totius, however, produced ‘schriftuur’ (writing according to set rules), because they employed the well-known rhetorical devices of nineteenth century European poetry and their poems were often recognizable imitations of English, Dutch, French or German originals. They reiterated the European register, whereas Leipoldt deviated from this register with his uniquely South African ‘speech’. The denunciation of Celliers and Totius alarmed the ‘taalstryders’ (language fighters) of the so-called Second Afrikaans Language Movement in South Africa because it denied Afrikaans two artists who seemed to lend new refinement, dignity and depth to its advance as a civilized language. The two parties in the debate were in fact completely differently motivated. The ‘taalstryders’ were interested in the elevation and empowerment of Afrikaans, whereas Verwey held strong views on the distinction between rhetoric and real poetry and was struck by his discovery of an Afrikaans poet who seemed to answer to his definition of an authentic artist, i.e. someone who ‘conveyed the movement of life, that is rhythm, in words’. Despite this incongruity, the debate, which touched on the fundamental question of what South African poetry could offer the world, remained dormant in Afrikaans literary criticism. It eventually contributed to the decline of especially Jan Celliers' fame. In this essay a well-known example of Celliers' imitations - a poem called ‘Die ossewa’ (The ox wagon), based on a poem by the Flemish master Guido Gezelle (‘Twee horsen’ - Two horses) - is analysed. ‘Die ossewa’ featured in every anthology of Afrikaans poetry while Celliers was still regarded in South Africa as the first amongst his peers. But the authoritative anthologist D.J. Opperman - who was well versed in Albert Verwey's opinions - conspicuously excluded the poem from his influential Groot verseboek in 1951. It is hoped that this essay will revive some sympathy for what Celliers - who was a kindly, imaginative bookworm rather unsuited to the role of national poet - attempted with his reviled ‘schriftuur’. Voortgang. Jaargang 18 8 In ‘Menings van ons lesers’, die briewekolomme van die Kaapse koerant Die Burger, steek in Maart 1999 'n storm in 'n glas water op tussen die Suid-Afrikaanse letterkundige John Kannemeyer - wie se biografie van die digter C. Louis Leipoldt binne enkele weke sou verskyn1 - en myself.2 Die skermutseling met Kannemeyer handel oor die esoteriese vraag of die Afrikaanstalige digters Jan F.E. Celliers en Totius gerespekteer kan word vir die feit dat hulle in die jare onmiddellik na die Anglo-Boereoorlog op een plek in Europa gebly het as kreatiewe skrywers of studente, terwyl hul kollegadigter C. Louis Leipoldt die wêreld vol gereis het. Die woordewisseling ontstaan na aanleiding van Kannemeyer se neerhalende verwysings - in 'n artikel vir die bylaag ‘Boekewêreld’ in Die Burger - na Celliers en Totius se selfopgelegde afsondering in Europa.3 Oor Jan Celliers het Kannemeyer byvoorbeeld geskryf: ‘Terwyl Celliers hom as bittereinder ná die Anglo-Boereoorlog in die (vir Europa) betreklik geïsoleerde Switserland tussen die Alpe en die melkkoeie afsonder en weinig indrukke van die res van Europa opdoen, bereis Leipoldt die hele Europa, tot so ver as Moskou, en besoek hy Noord- en Suid-Amerika en die Verre Ooste.’ Totius weer, het hom - volgens Kannemeyer - ‘aan die Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam met sy geloofsvooroordeel en -beperktheid’ afgesonder terwyl Leipoldt ‘die vasteland van Europa deurreis het om sy mediese kennis te verruim en hom met besoeke aan kunsmuseums nog verder as mens te verbreed.’ Die meningsverskil tussen Kannemeyer en myself was esoteries omdat dit inderdaad iets was vir ingewydes, vir mense wat kennis dra van die debat oor die relatiewe meriete van Celliers en Totius aan die een kant, en Leipoldt aan die ander kant, wat terugreik na die jaar 1913. In daardie jaar verskyn in Albert Verwey se maandblad De Beweging 'n artikel van C.G.N de Vooys, getitel ‘Afrikaner taal en poëzie’, waarin hy veral Celliers beskuldig van lukrake imitasie, van ‘oefening van het aanpassingsvermogen’ by die Europese tradisie.4 Digters soos Totius en Celliers wie se werk telkens aan verse van byvoorbeeld Perk, Potgieter, De Genestet en Gezelle herinner, kontrasteer De Vooys dan met Leipoldt, wat volgens hom ‘zingt zoals de “windswaal” zingt, zonder aangeleerde kunst.’ Na De Vooys sou ook Albert Verwey by die verering van Leipoldt - en die gepaardgaande neerhaling van Celliers en Totius - aansluit.5 Volgens Verwey het Leipoldt outentieke poëtiese ‘spraak’ geskryf en vir die eerste keer waarlik uitdrukking gegee aan ‘de poëzie van Zuid-Afrika’. Daar is by Leipoldt sprake van ‘de éénmalige uiting van een éénmalig innerlijk’, skryf Verwey, en daarmee van ‘de onmiddelijke weergave van de dichterlijke inhoud van Zuid-Afrika.’ Celliers en Totius daarenteen, het volgens Verwey Voortgang. Jaargang 18 9 ‘schriftuur’ voortgebring, dit wil sê herkenbare imitasies van Europese modelle, ‘de beproeving van nu deze, dan gene uitheemsche vorm.’6 Die opstelle van De Vooys en Verwey het heelwat reperkussie gehad in Suid-Afrika, en Leipoldt het gelyk gehad toe hy aan Verwey geskryf het dat sy siening nie in Suid-Afrika in dank afgeneem sou word nie omdat die letterkundiges daar ‘mijn platheid afkeuren in tegenstelling met de deftigheid van Totius en Celliers.’7 Gaandeweg het De Vooys en Verwey se soort standpunt egter wel die oorhand in Suid-Afrika gekry - later byvoorbeeld deur die spesiale waardering wat digter-akademici soos N.P. van Wyk Louw en D.J. Opperman, of vooraanstaande kritici soos Merwe Scholtz en E. Lindenberg, uitgespreek het vir Leipoldt.8 Dit verklaar dan ook waarom J.C. Kannemeyer teen 3 Maart 1999, op die vooraand van die verskyning van sy biografie van Leipoldt, meen dat hy straffeloos 'n paar grappe ten koste van Celliers en Totius kan vertel. 'n Geskiedenis waarby 'n digter langsamerhand permanent uit die guns val - iets wat van Celliers nog sterker gesê kan word as van Totius - prikkel 'n mens se nuuskierigheid en opstandigheid, want jy voel 'n sekere druk aan om te konformeer aan 'n ingeburgerde oordeel of miskien vooroordeel. Die feit dat die destydse liefde vir Celliers in Suid-Afrika gaandeweg onderdruk is deur belangrike eminensies van die literêre kritiek, hoef 'n mens se vrae ook nie te demp nie. Was Celliers se imitasies of ‘beproeving van nu deze, dan gene uitheemsche vorm’ byvoorbeeld werklik wars van ‘de dichterlijke inhoud van Zuid-Afrika’? En indien Verwey met laasgenoemde formulering bedoel het 'n outentieke, uniek-Suid-Afrikaanse poëtiese kwaliteit, was alle gedigte van Celliers dan mislukkings in hierdie opsig? Deug Celliers se verse, ook sy duidelike ‘oefeningen van het aanpassingsvermogen’ by Europese voorbeelde, slegs om negatief teen die werk van Leipoldt afgespeel te word? 'n Mens se neiging om weer na Celliers se werk te kyk, word trouens gestimuleer deur ánder klein beledigings of wanvoorstellings wat die digter in Suid-Afrika en ook in Nederland te beurt geval het na die opstelle van De Vooys en Verwey. J.D.F. Van Halsema wys byvoorbeeld in sy opstel ‘“Spraak” en “schriftuur” of Leipoldt versus Totius’ in Voortgang van 1996 op 'n sardoniese sin uit 'n artikel van Menno ter Braak in Het Vaderland van 8 Oktober 1939. Ter Braak skryf oor die gebrek aan belangstelling vir die Suid-Afrikaanse literatuur in Nederland en verwys na 'n portret van Celliers in die Platenatlas bij de Nederlandsche literatuurgeschiedenis van Poelhekke en De Vooys uit 1914: ‘Meestal noemt men (op skool in Nederland - EB) snel een Voortgang. Jaargang 18 10 paar in Afrika beroemde namen: Celliers, Totius, Leipoldt, om te memoreren voor een eventueel examen; een paar portretten, waaronder de heer Celliers met een vervaarlijke rol in zijn hand, als wilde hij ook in effigie vooral de indruk maken van een dichter ...’9 Die ‘vervaarlijke rol’ wat vir Ter Braak die pretensies van Celliers as digter versinnebeeld, was in werklikheid die Suid-Afrikaner se diploma as landmeter! Sover ek kon vasstel, is die gewraakte foto ook byna twintig jaar voor Celliers se debuut as digter geneem. Die landmeetkunde was 'n vak wat Celliers teen sy sin, veral om sy vader te behaag, in Delft en Leiden in die tydperk 1887-1890 bestudeer het. Hierdie ‘broodverdienvak’ wat sy ‘hart koud gemaak het’ - volgens 'n hoofstuk in Afrikaanse skrywers aan die woord van P.J. Nienaber - het Celliers slegs vir een jaar na sy terugkeer na Pretoria in 1891 beoefen, voordat hy as Staatsbibliotekaris aangestel is in 'n ‘hemel van boeke’, die Staatsbiblioteek van die ZAR.10 Dit sou nog agtien jaar jaar duur voordat hy met Die vlakte en ander gedigte sou debuteer en dus hoegenaamd as digter sou kon poseer! Ek wil die leser se aandag graag vra vir een van die bekendste imitasiegedigte van Celliers, 'n gedig wat tot in die jare vyftig so holrug gery is deur gereelde behandeling op skool in Suid-Afrika dat dit byna 'n parodie op sigself geword het.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ireland and the South African War, 1899-1902 by Luke Diver, M.A
    Ireland and the South African War, 1899-1902 By Luke Diver, M.A. THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF PH.D. DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND MAYNOOTH Head of Department: Professor Marian Lyons Supervisors of Research: Dr David Murphy Dr Ian Speller 2014 i Table of Contents Page No. Title page i Table of contents ii Acknowledgements iv List of maps and illustrations v List of tables in main text vii Glossary viii Maps ix Personalities of the South African War xx 'A loyal Irish soldier' xxiv Cover page: Ireland and the South African War xxv Introduction 1 Chapter 1: Irish soldiers’ experiences in South Africa (October - December 1899) 19 Chapter 2: Irish soldiers’ experiences in South Africa (January - March 1900) 76 Chapter 3: The ‘Irish’ Imperial Yeomanry and the battle of Lindley 109 Chapter 4: The Home Front 152 Chapter 5: Commemoration 198 Conclusion 227 Appendix 1: List of Irish units 240 Appendix 2: Irish Victoria Cross winners 243 Appendix 3: Men from Irish battalions especially mentioned from General Buller for their conspicuous gallantry in the field throughout the Tugela Operations 247 ii Appendix 4: General White’s commendations of officers and men that were Irish or who were attached to Irish units who served during the period prior and during the siege of Ladysmith 248 Appendix 5: Return of casualties which occurred in Natal, 1899-1902 249 Appendix 6: Return of casualties which occurred in the Cape, Orange River, and Transvaal Colonies, 1899-1902 250 Appendix 7: List of Irish officers and officers who were attached
    [Show full text]
  • Aleksander Haleniuk Uniwersytet Warszawski
    [63] Aleksander Haleniuk Uniwersytet Warszawski Orania – zalążek nowego Volkstaat? Słowo Volkstaat pochodzi z języka afrikaans i oznacza „państwo narodowe”, „ojczyzna”. Koncepcja Volkstaat odnosi się do propozycji utworzenia niepodległego państwa Afrykanerów- Burów. Afrykanerzy wywodzą się przede wszystkim od holender- skich i niemieckich osadników oraz francuskich Hugenotów, któ- rzy przybyli do Południowej Afryki w XVII wieku. Według połu- dniowoafrykańskiego spisu powszechnego z 2011 roku stanowią oni około 60% białej ludności RPA1. Idea Volkstaat ma swoje korzenie w istnieniu dwóch suwerennych państw burskich, które ostatecznie zostały podbite przez Imperium Brytyjskie po II woj- nie burskiej w 1902 roku. Mowa tutaj o tzw. Republice Transwalu oraz Wolnym Państwie Oranje. Pod koniec lat 80. XX wieku było już oczywiste, że rządy białej mniejszości w RPA dobiegają końca. Zaniepokojone o swo- ją pozycję w nowym, zdominowanym przez Afrykanów kraju lub też niezdolne do zaakceptowania zmieniającej się sytuacji poli- tycznej, niektóre organizacje afrykanerskie próbowały bądź to negocjować bądź walczyć o utworzenie odrębnego państwa. Pro- blemem był (i do dzisiaj jest) fakt, że Afrykanerzy nie tworzą jed- nolitego skupiska w żadnym ze zdefiniowanych regionów kraju. Zamieszkują oni przede wszystkim duże miasta np. Pretorię. Biała ludność RPA rozproszona jest na całym obszarze państwa. 1 Oficjalne statystki mówią, że w RPA żyje 4,6 miliona białych – 9% całej popu- lacji kraju- http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0302/P03022013.pdf (Dostęp: 20.10.2013). [64] Walka o secesję zakończyła się tragicznie w Bophu- thatswanie2 i była niewątpliwym szokiem dla większości prawi- cowych organizacji afrykanerskich. Stało się jasne, że autonomię lub niepodległość będzie można osiągnąć tylko za pomocą środ- ków pokojowych3.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards an Intellectual Biography of Dr Vera Bührmann (1910-1998)
    From Volksmoeder to Igqira: Towards an Intellectual Biography of Dr Vera Bührmann (1910-1998) A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the awarding of the degree Master of Arts in History Name: André Louis Landman Student Number: 3524194 Department: History Institution: University of the Western Cape Supervisor: Prof. Andrew Bank Keywords: Afrikaner nationalism; amagqira; Analytical Psychology; autism; biography; Cape of Good Hope Centre for Jungian Studies; Carl Gustav Jung; child psychiatry; cross-cultural psychiatry; Dietse Kinderfonds; German war orphans; Ossewa-Brandwag; racial ideology; Sir Laurens van der Post; South African War (1899-1902) https://etd.uwc.ac.za/ DECLARATION I, André Louis Landman, declare that ‘From Volksmoeder to Igqira: Towards an Intellectual Biography of Dr Vera Bührmann (1910-1998)’ is my own work, that it has not been submitted for any degree or examination in any other university, and that all the sources I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by complete references. André Louis Landman 5 November 2019 https://etd.uwc.ac.za/ Acknowledgments My sincere thanks are due to the following people: • Prof. Andrew Bank, for his patient guidance and for the example of rigorous archival research he has set over many years; • Mrs Sue Ogterop, for her expert librarianship, and for listening to my many stories about Vera Bührmann; • Mr Johann Bührmann, who kindly made digital copies of photographs and letters in his possession available to me; • Mrs Reinette (Biebie) van der Merwe,
    [Show full text]
  • 06 Henk De Jong Finalx
    34 PAST AS FUTURE: THE SOUTH AFRICAN WAR, DUTCH OBSERVERS AND MILITARY MEMORYa Henk de Jongb Netherlands Defence Academy “Het is ons niet minder om Nederland zelf te doen dan om Zuid-Afrika.”1 Abstract In 1900, the Dutch Ministry of War sent four military observers to South Africa, in an attempt to come to terms with the latest developments in the military field. Once in South Africa, the promising young Dutch officers selected for the mission remained focused strongly on decisive battles Jominian style, which they considered relevant for future warfare in Europe. They almost completely ignored guerrilla warfighting. However, inspired by the Boer commandos, their analysis of the Anglo-Boer War also ended in pleas for a fundamentally new relationship between army and society in Holland, and a new Dutch militia army organisation (a volksleger), comparable to the Boers’ commandos. Fascinatingly, this ideal of a militia army had probably much more to do with the observers’ interpretation of the Dutch national past and the values they Scientia Militaria, South African regarded characteristic of it, than with Journal of Military Studies, Vol contemporary South Africa, since the earliest 41, Nr 1, 2013, pp. 34-64 doi: 10.5787/41-1-1052 forms of the Dutch army were also believed to have been a volksleger. In this way, the a This article elaborates on research papers presented at the 2010 conference of the Historical Association of South Africa in Potchefstroom (Milestones: Commemorating Southern African history/Mylpale: Herdenking van Suider- Afrikaanse geskiedenis) and the 2011 conference of the Southern African Historical Society at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in Durban (The past and its possibilities: Perspectives on Southern Africa).
    [Show full text]
  • The Dynamics of the Interaction Between Music and Society in Recorded Popular Afrikaans Music, 1900 – 2015
    The dynamics of the interaction between music and society in recorded popular Afrikaans music, 1900 – 2015. by Schalk Daniël van der Merwe Dissertation presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Prof. Albert Mauritz Grundlingh Co-supervisor: Prof. Stephanus Muller December 2015 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this dissertation, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the owner of the copyright thereof (unless to the extent explicitly otherwise stated) and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. December 2015 Copyright © 2015 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Acknowledgements Firstly, I would like to extend my gratitude to my two supervisors, Professors Albert Grundlingh and Stephanus Muller – I cannot think of a more suitable combination of minds for guiding me through the specific challenges of writing on this subject. I am also grateful for the History Department of Stellenbosch University for financial support, and to my colleagues Professors Sandra Swart, Bill Nasson, Wessel Visser, Dr. Anton Ehlers, (soon-to- be Dr.) Chet Fransch, Melvyn Daniels and Leschelle Morkel, and former colleague Dr. Sarah Duff – all of whom contributed in their own ways. Thank you to Mimi Seyffert, Marina Brink and Lynne Fourie at the University of Stellenbosch’s Library Archive for their help and guidance with archival material. Thank you also to Ernéne Verster and Huibre Lombard at the University of the Free State’s Institute for Contemporary History Archives, and to Monica van Deventer at the SABC Information Library for their help and correspondence.
    [Show full text]
  • Cape Town Between E
    Historia 58, 2, November 2013, pp 168-192 Book Reviews – Boekresensies Admirable collection on identities in Dutch Cape Town Nigel Worden (ed.), Cape Town between East and West: Social Identities in a Dutch Colonial Town Jacana Media, Johannesburg and Uitgeverij Verloren, Hilversum, 2012 282pp ISBN 978-1-4314-0292-2 R228.00 Cape Town between East and West brings together a collection of ten essays, along with an absorbing “Introduction”, written by a number of well known historians in the field of Cape colonial history. As far as the contributors to this wonderfully edited volume go, they constitute the “usual suspects” (apart from two recent PhD graduates, Groenewald and Baartman). As participants in an interdisciplinary research group which was founded by the Universities of Cape Town and the Western Cape in 2003, the authors have trained their collective gaze on Dutch Cape Town and produced exciting new work in the process. The research on offer is fresh, timely and a welcome addition to Cape colonial historiography. The volume is dedicated to the period of Dutch colonial rule from 1652 to 1795, when Cape Town fell under the control of the Dutch East India Company, although the eighteenth century is dealt with in greater depth than the second half of the seventeenth century. This adds to the book’s value, because the British colonial period during the nineteenth century has for the past several decades received a significant amount of attention and has come to dominate Cape historiography. This is especially so with regard to the theme of social identity in Cape colonial history.
    [Show full text]
  • Irisch-Südafrikanische Unabhängigkeitsbestrebungen, Ihre Verflechtungen Und Ihr Beitrag Zur Transformation Des Empires, 1899–1949
    „Travelling the same painful road“? Irisch-südafrikanische Unabhängigkeitsbestrebungen, ihre Verflechtungen und ihr Beitrag zur Transformation des Empires, 1899–1949 Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie des Fachbereichs Geschichte und Kulturwissenschaften der Philipps-Universität Marburg vorgelegt von Katja Fortenbacher-Nagel Marburg (2017) Vom Fachbereich Geschichte und Kulturwissenschaften der Philipps-Universität Marburg als Dissertation angenommen am: 23.05.2017 Tag der Disputation: 09.02.2018 Erster Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Benedikt Stuchtey Zweiter Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Eckart Conze Originaldokument gespeichert auf dem Publikationsserver der Philipps-Universität Marburg http://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de Dieses Werk bzw. Inhalt steht unter einer Creative Commons Namensnennung Keine kommerzielle Nutzung Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International Lizenz. Die vollständige Lizenz finden Sie unter: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Dank Diese Arbeit wurde durch die Gerda Henkel Stiftung, das Deutsche Historische Institut London und die Prof. Dr. Adolf Schmidtmann-Stiftung gefördert. Ihnen gilt mein tiefster Dank für die finanzielle und ideelle Unterstützung, ohne die dieses Vorhaben nicht möglich gewesen wäre. Meinem Doktorvater Prof. Dr. Benedikt Stuchtey, der meinem Interesse viel Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt hat, danke ich für die fachliche Begleitung, sein Engagement und die vielfältige Unterstützung. Auf meinem Weg durfte ich eine Vielzahl großzügiger und interessierter Menschen kennenlernen,
    [Show full text]
  • Die Karnavalisering Van Geskiedskrywing in Die Roman Sirkusboere
    Die karnavalisering van geskiedskrywing in die roman Sirkusboere. Marsha Bernely Luané Barnes BRNMAR063 A dissertation submitted in fullfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Arts in Afrikaans and Netherlandic Studies Faculty of the Humanities University of Cape Town February 2014 Town Supervisor: Prof. E. R. van Heerden Cape COMPULSORYof DECLARATION This work has not been previously submitted in whole, or in part, for the award of any degree. It is my own work. Each significant contribution to, and quotation in, this dissertation from the work, or works, of other people has been attributed, and has been cited and referenced. University The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgementTown of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Cape Published by the University ofof Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University Dankbetuigings: Eerstens wil ek al die eer gee aan God, my hemelse vader, wat my deur elke oomblik van my lewe dra. U woord is waarlik `n ‘lamp vir my voet en `n lig vir my pad’ (Psalm 119: 105). Tweedens wil ek hierdie studie opdra aan my pa, Barney Barnes. Sonder Daddy se ondersteuning en oneindige liefde sou hierdie studie nie moontlik gewees het nie. Dankie dat Daddy altyd by my staan deur my vreugde en ook deur die moeilike tye. Dankie dat Daddy altyd die beste vir my wil hê.
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of State Ideology on Pentecostal Thinking After World War Ii, with Special Reference to White Pentecostals in South Africa.1
    THE INFLUENCE OF STATE IDEOLOGY ON PENTECOSTAL THINKING AFTER WORLD WAR II, WITH SPECIAL 1 REFERENCE TO WHITE PENTECOSTALS IN SOUTH AFRICA. Nico Horn Associate Professor of Public Law University of Namibia 1 This paper is an adaptation of a previous paper, Pentecostal Themes for the 21st Century: Human Rights, Pacifism and Prophetic Chiliasm delivered at the European Pentecostal/Charismatic Research Association, Uppsala,Sept 2007. 1 INTRODUCTION How do Pentecostals deal with human rights issues? How sensitive are Pentecostals to human rights abuses? And what can Pentecostals do to narrow the gap between themselves and human rights activists? I will try to answer these questions by referring to the conduct of white Pentecostals during the devastating apartheid era. Not that apartheid is the only human rights issue that has ever confronted the church. On the contrary, I could easily have looked at the conduct of the North American white Pentecostals in the war on terror, or the reaction of Pentecostals worldwide to the death of civilians in the conflict in Iraq and in the recent conflict in Lebanon. I have chosen the white Pentecostals, or more specific, the white AFM church because unlike the other conflicts that I mentioned, apartheid lies in the past. And in hindsight very few people will still defend the ideology or the church’s support of it. But for some balance, here’s a few words on Germany. After WW II the German Pentecostal church reacted to the issue of political influence on the church by pointing to the fact that their opposition to Nazism was spiritual and therefore did not attract the international attention of the likes of Dietrich Bonhoeffer and Martin Niemöller.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Award of Excellence 2017 First Place the Extent and Effects of German-Boer Collaboration During the First World War
    Journal of Military and Strategic VOLUME 18, ISSUE 1 Studies Annual Award of Excellence 2017 First Place The Extent and Effects of German-Boer Collaboration During the First World War: A Comprehensive and Chronological Analysis Christian De Jager Introduction Perceptions of shared ethnic heritage have long served as a basis for the development of political and cultural relationships throughout the history of the international system. Wars have been fought, countries have been formed and nations have been liberated through the active cooperation of ethnic entities who view each other more so as part of their same identity rather than the "other." Just as the Russian Empire, acting as the protectors of Pan-Slavism, would come to the aid of their Slavic Serbian brothers as the First World War erupted in 1914,1 so too would the German Empire rush to support their Germanic descendants in Southern Africa. The Boer Rebellion of 1914 would see the culmination of a reciprocal ethnic relationship (having evolved from a foundation of ethno-linguistic ties) manifest itself in a pragmatic military and political alliance during the First World War. As the most fiercely 1 Geoffrey Wawro, A Mad Catastrophe: The Outbreak of World War I and the Collapse of the Habsburg Empire (New York: Basic Books, 2014), p. 51. ©Centre of Military and Strategic Studies, 2017 ISSN : 1488-559X VOLUME 18, ISSUE 1 combative portion of the South-West Africa campaign,2 the Boer Rebellion embodied the culmination of both imperial rivalry and Social-Darwinian doctrine in early twentieth-century international politics, serving simultaneously as an exhibit for the truly global dimensions of the First World War.
    [Show full text]
  • Dr Anthony (Tony) Turton Light Horse Regiment & National Intelligence Service Missing Voices Project Interviewed by Mike Cadman 26 & 28/04/08
    1 Dr Anthony (Tony) Turton Light Horse Regiment & National Intelligence Service Missing Voices Project Interviewed by Mike Cadman 26 & 28/04/08 TAPE ONE SIDE A Interviewer Tony, I’ve been through your book so I’ve got a good idea of your background, but can you give me just a brief, brief background of where you grew up, what your family was like, was it English speaking or Afrikaans speaking, how big and so on? Tony I don’t know if I can give you that briefly but I’ll be as brief as I possibly can. Firstly I welcome this project very much, I think it’s a hugely important project and when I first heard about it I got quite thrilled because this book that you’re talking about, I’m actually intending, if I can get all my ducks in a row, to in fact record it a sort of tape made for the blind kind of thing, sort of CD, so I’m actually looking for that. I had a very unusual upbringing in many ways, and even now at the age of 52, 53 I still ponder back on my life and think about this upbringing. Part of the unusualness of my upbringing, is the fact that I had a profound father who was a very, very interesting man. He learned Zulu as a first language, he never went to formal school as a small child and his father was, I now subsequently know, the product of the diamond rush, in fact the product of the Anglo Boer War.
    [Show full text]
  • Die Werklike Bittereinders
    Die werklike bittereinders De nalatenschap van de Boerenoorlog in het hedendaags Afrikaner nationalisme Marieke Nieuwstraten 3508919 OS III: Goed en fout in de Boerenoorlog Docent: Martin Bossenbroek Bachelorscriptie [email protected] Inhoud Inleiding………………………………………………………………………………………………..pag. 3-4 Introductie: Geschiedenis van het Afrikaner nationalisme……………………pag. 5-7 Hoofdstuk 1: Het hedendaagse Afrikaner nationalisme § 1.1 Nationalisme……………………………………………………………………….pag. 8-9 § 1.2 Verligte en verkrampte groeperingen………………………………….pag 9-10 § 1.3 Houdingen Afrikaners………………………………………………………...pag. 10 § 1.4 Verhoudingen……………………………………………………………………..pag. 11-12 Hoofdstuk 2: Politiek § 2.1 De Volksstaat………………………………………………………………………pag. 13 § 2.2 Vryheidsfront Plus………………………………………………………………pag. 13-14 § 2.3 Boerestaat Partij…………………………………………………………………pag. 14-16 § 2.4 Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging………………………………………….pag. 16-18 § 2.5 Orania…………………………………………………………………………………pag. 18-19 Hoofdstuk 3: Cultuurindustrie § 3.1 Elites……………………………………………………………………………………pag. 20-22 § 3.2 Geschiedschrijving………………………………………………………………pag. 23-25 § 3.3 Boerenkrijgers…………………………………………………………………….pag. 25-26 § 3.4 “De La Rey”…………………………………………………………………………..pag. 26-28 § 3.5 Vrouwen en kinderleed……………………………………………………….pag. 28-30 § 3.6 Monumenten……………………………………………………………………….pag. 30-32 Hoofdstuk 4: Etniciteit § 4.1 De Volksstaat, Orania en racisme………………………………………..pag. 33-34 § 4.2 Plaasmoorden …………………………………………………………………….pag. 34-36 § 4.3 Boeremag en de aanslagen in Soweto 2002…………………………pag.
    [Show full text]