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Physics Demonstration Experiments at William Jewell College DOCUMENT RESUME ED 230 434 SE 041 932 ' AUTHOR Hilton, Wallace A. Physics Demonstration Experiments at,William Jewell TITLE , College. Revised Edition. INSTITUTION American Association of Physics Teachers, Washington, D.C. SPONS AGENCY Office of Education (DHEW), Washington, D.C. PUB DATE Jun 82 NOTE 114p. AVAILABLE FROMAmerican Association of Physics Teachers, Publications Department, Graftate Physics Building, S.U.N.Y., Stony Brook, NY 11794. PUB TYPE Reports - Descriptive (141) EDRS PitICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Acoustics; *College Science; *Demonstrations (Educational); *Electricity; *Heat; Higher Education; Mechanics (Physics); Nuclear Physics; Optics; *Physics; Science Education; *Science Equipment; Science Experiments IDENTIFIERS William Jewell College MO ABSTRACT Presented are descriptions (with photographs) of demonstration equipment purchased, assenibled, developed, and used at William Jewell College (Missouri) during the past 25 years: The descriptions are organized into the following topic areas:(1) mechanics; (2) heat; (3) waves, sound, and acoustics;'(4) electricity; (5) optics; and (6) omic and nuclear physics. This arrangement follows closely the reshmen-level textoby Harvey E. White ("Modern College Physic ) and is related to the sophomore-level text by F. 15< Sears and M. W. Zemansky("University Physics"). However, many gf the demonstrations presented may be used with any one of the goo freshmen/sophomore-level college physics textbooks currently av ilable. (11N) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. *********************************************************************** .c U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL .RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER I ERIC) /Thisdocument has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it Minot changes have been made to improve reproduction quality Points of view or opinions stated in this docu ment do not necessarily represent official NIE Position or policy PHYSICS DEMONSTRATION EXPERIMENTS at WILLIAM JEWELL COLLEGE by Wallace A. Hilton Revised Edition "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL INMICROFICHE ONLY HAS BEEN GRANTED qY jatk it CA9 ' TO THE EDUCATION-AL RESOURCES INF MATION CENTER (ERIC)." published by American Association of Physics Teachers PHYSICS DEMONSTRATION EXPERIMENTS at William Jewell College by Wallace A. Hilton Revised Edition published by American Association of Physics Teachers June 1982 Copyright @ 1971 by WallacA. Hilton Revised edition copyright @ 19\82 by American Association of Physics Teachers Typists: Pamela Thompson; Judy McGrew Winkler For order information, write to: American Association of Physics Teachers Publications Department Graduate Physics Building S.U.N.Y. Stony Brook, New York 11794 PREFACE PHYSICS DEMONSTRATION EXPERIMENTS at William Jewell College is an attempt eo bring together in one volume a brief description, with pho- tograplis, of demonstration equipment that has been purchased,assem- bled,developed and used at William Jewell College during the past twenty-five years. The arrangement of the materials follows closely the freshman-le- vel textby Harvey E. White,MODERN COLLEGE PHYSICS,5th Edition, 1966, Iran Nostrand, and is related to the sophomore-level text by F. M. Sears and M.W. Zemansky, UNIVERSITY PHYSICS, 4th Edition, 1970, 'Addison-Wesley. However, many,of the demonstrations presented may be usedwith any one of the good freshman-sophomore-level college physibs texts available in this country. Appreciation is expressed to the Administration and Trustees of William Jewell College, who through the years 'have provided db ade-' quate yearly budget which has made available a continuing supply of physics demonstration equipment. The generous gifts from-ehe E. S.' Pillsbury family are acknowledged and appreciated. Appreciation is also expressed to Professors Glen T. Clayton and Roger C. Crawford, who have served as co-Wqrkers in the-department of physics; and to Professors John L. Philpot and Charles Don Qeilker, who have served as associates in the teaching of physics to students at William Jewell College. To the editors of the AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIQS, THE PHYSICS TEACHER, and SCHOOL SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS, appreciation is expressed for their permission to reprint selected papers from their journals. ,To the author and co-authors of these papers:L. B. Ham, Glen T. Clayton,Roger C. Crawford,Janet M. Whan,John W.Hilton,--Robert Sandquist, Joseph W. Chasteen, and Wesley E. MoorWdeep appreciatiod is expressed. Deepes/ appreciation,is expressed to John and Robert, who through the years with great enthusiasm for physics demonstrations, have in- spired and helped in developing and presenting physics demonstration experiments to interested individuals and groups in the midwest. My deepest appreciation goes to Ruth, who for thirty years has shared in this work with her time, patience, encouragement, interest, and deep concern. Wallace A. Hilton August 25, 1970 ACKNOWLEDGMENT The preparation and publication of this book was partially sup- ported by a grant from the U.S. Office of Education, Department of Health,Educatiqn and Welfare,through afaculty development gTant from the Kansas City Regional Council on Higher Education (KCRCHE) and William Jewell College. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS MECHANICS -12 FLUID FLOW; STREAMLINING 11 a Ball in an Air Jet 11 M-la LENGTH, MASS, TIME 1 b The Blow Tube 11 b Calipers 1 c Bernoulli's Principle 11 c Slide Rule. .1 d Time Signals, 1 M-13 PROJECTILE-MOTION 12 e Greenwich & Sidereal Time 2 a Shooting the Monkey b Falling Ball 12 M-2 CONSTANT VELOCITY 1.2 c Spring-gun Pendulum 12 a Measurement of Velocity 2 d Idater Drop Demonstration 12 M-3' UNIFORM ACCELERATION 2 M-14 CONSERVATION OF ENERGY 13 a Uniform Acceleration 2 a Conservation of Energy (1) 13 b Acceleration Due to Gravity 2 b Conservation of Energy (2) 13 c Duff's Plane 3 c Gears, Wheel and Axle 13 d Wire and Car 3 d Penduluma 13 e The Air Track 3 e Conservation of Energy (3) 14 M-4 STROBOScOPES 4 f Other Types of Pendulums a Motor Driven 4 g Rotational Harmonic Motion 15 b Electronic Strobe 4 M-15 MOMENTUM 15 M-5a FEATHER AND COIN 5 M-15a Introductory Demonstration 15 b Bowling Balls 15 M-6 NEWTON'S FIRST LAW 5 c Conservation of Momentum 15 a Tablecloth,Experiment 5 d Dry Ice Pucks 16 e Air Track Experiments 16 b Ball and Moving Car 5 f Air Table Experiments 16 c Water Hamner 5 g Moving the Air Track 17 d Body at Rest 5 M-16 CIRCULAR MOTION 17 a Demonstration of the Radian 18 e Hit the Nail on the Head 6 b Circular Motion 18 M-7 NEWTON'S SECOND LAW 6 O Circular Motion (1) 18 a Acceleration Experiment 6 d Circular Motion (2) 18 b Acceleration (2) 6 e Circular Motion (3) 18 c Atwood Machine 6 f Circular Motion (4) 18 M-8 NEWTON'S THIRD LAW 7 M-17 KEPLER'S LAWS 19 a Forces Exist in Pairs 7 a Construction of an Ellipse 19 b Train and Circular Track 7 b Elliptical Path (1) 19 c Mass Under Tension 7 c Elliptical Path (2) 19 d Falling Water 7 d Escape Velocity 19 e Monkey and Coconut 8 M-18 CENTER OF MASS 20 M-9 UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION 8 a Center of Mass Apparatus 20 a Cavendish Experiment 8 b Center of Mass Apparatus (2) 20 M-10 VECTORS 8 M-19 MOMENT OF INERTIA;ROTATION 20 a Vector"Model 8 a Gyroscopes 20' b Blackboard Vectors 9 b Gyroscopes; Moment of Inertia 20 c Force Table;Torque 9 c Ring and Disk 21 d Spool that Obeys Orders 9 d Simple Foucault Pendulum 21 e Magnetic-driven Pendulum 21 M-11 FRICTION 10 f Precession (1) 21 a Coefficient of Friction 10 g Precession (2) 21 TABLE OF CONTENTS h Precession (3) 22 d Boiling at Reducpd Pressure 32 i Angular Momentum 22 e Geyser Demonstration 33 j Elasticity 22 f Therpodynamic Surfaces 33 k The Free Fall Paradox" 22 1 The conical Pendulum 24 WAVES, 101UND AND ACOUSTICS .y M-20 LIQUIDS AND,SOLIDS 24 S-1 SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 34 ' a Density 24 a Mass on End of Spring 34 b Pressure 24 b Simple Pendulum 34 c Archimedes' Principle 25 c Foucault Pendulum 34 d The Hydraulic Ram 25 d Lissajous Figures 34" e Hydraulic Press 25 e Turntable Oscillator 34 M-21 SOAP BUBBLES; THIN FILMS 25 f SHM with Mass & 2 Springs 35 a Surface Tension 25 g Spherical Dish and balls 35 b,Vacinim Deposition of Films 26 S-2 WAVES 36 M-22 GASES AND FLUIDS 26 a Transverse & longitudinal 36 a Density of Air 26 b The Melde Experiment 36 b Barometer; Magdeburg Spheres 26 c Transverse Waves"; 37 c Buoyant FOrce of Air 26 d Longitudinal Waves 37 d Force on an Evacuated Can 27 e Gas Flame Detector 37 e Density of Air;Pascal's Vases 27 f Group & Phase,Velocities 37 f Pumps, Hydraulic Lift 28'` g Standing Wave Demonstrations 38 g Capillary Apparatus 28 h Demonstration Experiments 39 h Capillary Tubes 28 i Tuning forks 41 i Molecules in Motion 28 j Vortex box 41 j Brownian Motion 29 k Seismograph 41 M-23 WEATHER (METEOROLOGY) 29 S-3 SOUND 42 a Relative Humidity 29 a Bell in a Vacuum 42 b Gas Model; Cloud Chambers 29 b Savart:s Wheels 42 c Weather Maps 29 c Intensity of Sound 42 d Manometric caposule 42 HEAT .e Velocity of Sound (1) . .43 f Velocity of Sound (2)) 43 H-1 TEMPERATURE 30 g Glass Tube Cutter 44 a Thermocouples 30 S-4 RESONANCE" 44 b Thermocouple Magnet 30 a Mechanical Resonance 44 H-2 EXPANSION:.METALS & LIQUIDS 30 b Vibrating Strings 45 a Expansion Equipment 30 c Resonance with Burner 45 b Linear Expansion 30 d Acoustical Resonators 45 e Forced Harmonic Motion 46 H-3 HEAT TRANSFER 31 a Conduction, Convection, S-5 BEATS 46 Radiation 31 a Demonstration of Beats 46 b'Radiation (1) 31 S-6 DOPPLER EFFECT 46 c Radiation (2) 31 , ,a Doppler Sound 46 M-4 KINETIC THEORY 32 a Avogadro's Number 32 s-7 MUSICAt ACOUSTICS 47 a Musical Sounds 47 H-5 THERMODYNAMICS & HEAT ENGINES 32 b Organ Pipe, Model of Wave 47 a Heat Engines(1) 32 c Sticks, Xylophone, Tumbler 47 b Heat Engines (2) 32 d Chladnirs Sand Figures 48 c Fire Syringe 32 e Acoustical Tiles 48 TABLE OF CONTENTS y, ELECTRICITY E-1 STATIC ELECTRICITY 48 f Electric Motors 59 a The Electroscope 48 g Barlow'a Motor & Pump , 60 b The Electrophorus 48 p-8 INDUCED CURRENTS 60 .
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