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3.0 Historic Period Cultural Overview

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3.0 Historic Period Cultural Overview Received 08/19/2020 Historic Preservation Office Brockington CULTURAL RESOURCES CONSULTING ER 20-0889 August 11, 2020 Due 09/10/2020 H- Renee Gledhill-Earley A- State Historic Preservation Office 109 East Jones Street Room 258 Raleigh, NC 27601 RE: Hickory Regional Airport Safety Improvements and Obstruction Clearing Project, Burke County, North Carolina (ER 20-0889; SCH# 20-E0000-0234). Dear Renee, Please findenclosed the Historic Architectural Survey Report and the Archaeological Survey Report forthe Hickory Regional Airport Safety [mprovements and Obstruction Clearing Project in Burke County, North Carolina (ER 20-0889; SCH# 20-E0000-0234). Also enclosed are hardcopies of the architectural and archaeological survey forms, and architecture photograph contact sheets. CDs containing electronic copies of the above documents, as well as the survey form database and GIS filesare also enclosed. [f you have any questions or comments please call me at (678) 638-4128 or email me: [email protected]. Sincerely, Mike Reynolds MHP, RPA Historian/Archaeologist Brockington and Associates, [nc. Atlanta, GA. Historic Architectural Survey Hickory Regional Airport Safety Improvements and Obstruction Clearing Project Burke County, North Carolina SCH# 20-E-0000-0234 ER 20-0889 July 2020 Historic Architectural Survey Hickory Regional Airport Safety Improvements and Obstruction Clearing Project Burke County, North Carolina Draft Report SCH# 20-E-0000-0234 ER 20-0889 July 2020 Prepared for: Talbert, Bright, and Ellington, Inc. Columbia, South Carolina Prepared by: Michael Reynolds, MHP, RPA Historian/Archaeologist and C. Scott Butler, MA, RPA Principal Investigator Atlanta • Charleston • Savannah ii Management Summary From May 21 to May 29, 2020, Brockington and Associates, Inc. (Brockington), conducted a His- toric Architectural Survey for the Hickory Regional Airport Runway Protection Zone (RPZ) expansion and obstruction clearing project in Burke County, North Carolina. The work was preformed while under contract with Talbert, Bright, and Ellington, Inc. The project was conducted pursuant to Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations and in compliance with Section 106 of the National His- toric Preservation Act of 1966 (as amended through 2016) to assess the potential for cultural resources to be present in the proposed undertaking’s Area of Potential Effects (APE). For this project, the APE consists of the airport RPZ expansion area, the ob- struction clearing parcels, and the project viewshed, which in some areas, due to a lack of buildings or vegetation, extends up to 0.25 mile (0.6 kilometer [km]). The Hickory Regional Airport is located west of downtown Hickory and north of the community of Long View. To the north of the airport is the Ca- tawba River, and to the west is Cape Hickory Road. The Historic Architectural Survey consisted of both background research and field survey. Background research utilized HPOWEB 2.0., the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) da- tabase maintained by the National Park Service. Digital cultural resources survey report informa- tion, provided by the North Carolina Office of State Archaeology (OSA), was also reviewed. Background research revealed no previously recorded architectural resources in the APE. As a result of the field survey, one residential his- toric district (Resource BK0802), one individual residential resource (Resource BK0803), and one Hall-Parlor house and farm remnant (Resource BK0804) were recorded. All three resources are recommended ineligible for the NRHP. iii iv Table of Contents Management Summary ..................................................................................................................................................... iii 1.0 Introduction and Methods of Investigation ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Project Location and Effect ................................................................................................................................ 1 1.3 Project Location and Effect ................................................................................................................................ 1 1.4 Methods of Investigation ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.4.1 Background Research ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.4.2 Architectural Survey .................................................................................................................................. 4 1.4.3 Assessing NRHP Eligibility ...................................................................................................................... 4 2.0 Environmental Overview ............................................................................................................................................ 7 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................ 7 2.2 Geology and Geomorphology of the Northern Inner Piedmont ......................................................... 7 2.3 Climate ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7 2.4 Hydrology ................................................................................................................................................................. 7 2.5 Geology and Soils .................................................................................................................................................. 7 2.6 Flora and Fauna ..................................................................................................................................................... 9 3.0 Historic Period Cultural Overview ........................................................................................................................... 13 4.0 Historic Architectural Survey Results and Recommendations ..................................................................... 19 4.1 Historic Architectural Research Results ......................................................................................................... 19 4.2 Archaeological Field Survey Results ............................................................................................................... 19 4.2.1 Resource BK0802, the West Longview District ................................................................................ 19 4.2.2 Resource BK0803 ........................................................................................................................................ 35 4.2.3 Resource BK0804 ........................................................................................................................................ 38 5.0 Summary and Recommendations .......................................................................................................................... 43 References Cited ................................................................................................................................................................... 45 Appendix A - Resumes of Key Personnel v List of Figures and Table Figure 1.1 Location map of the study area (1970 Longview, N.C. 7.5-minute U.S. Geological Service (USGS) topographic quadrangle [photorevised 1996]). ......................................................................................... 2 Figure 1.2 Aerial location map of the study area (Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. ESRI] 2020). ............................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Figure 2.1 Ecoregion map of the project area (Omernik et al. 2008). ................................................................ 8 Figure 2.2 Photograph of deciduous forest west of the airport property, looking northwest. ............... 10 Figure 2.3 Photograph of residential development on privately owned parcels, looking northwest on 38th Street NW. ............................................................................................................................................................... 10 Figure 2.4 Photograph of pastureland on privately owned parcels, looking west. ..................................... 11 Figure 3.1 Late eighteenth-century map showing the project area (Mouzon 1775). ................................. 16 Figure 3.2 Civil War era map showing the location of the project area (Bache 1865). ................................ 17 Figure 4.1 Locations of newly recorded architectural resources in the APE (1970 Longview, N.C. 7.5-minute USGS topographic quadrangle [photorevised 1996])...................................................................... 20 Figure 4.2 Locations of newly recorded architectural resources in the APE (Esri 2020). ............................ 21 Figure 4.3 Bungalow in the project area on 38th Street NW, northwest oblique. ........................................ 23 Figure 4.4 Bungalow
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