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A Check List of Opisthobranch Snails of the Karachi Coast

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A Check List of Opisthobranch Snails of the Karachi Coast A check list of opisthobranch snails of the Karachi coast Item Type article Authors Kazmi, Quddusi B.; Tirmizi, Nasima M.; Zehra, Itrat Download date 24/09/2021 15:22:06 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/33270 Kazmi et al.: Checklist of opisthobranch snails 87 Chromodoris aspersa (Gould, 1842) (Pl.4D) (=C. inornata Pease, 1872) (may be C. tumulifera, Behrens, personal comm. Q.B.K). Body an elongated oval shield. Surface smooth. Rhinophore stalks cylindrical, clavus with twenty leaves. Branchia eleven, simple pinnate plumes. Yellowish orange colour on dorsum fading towards periphery but the pallial edge itself deeply orange. Numerous deep violet spots on dorsum. Rhinophores and gins deep orange. Collected from BuHeji at -2m tidal height. Dwells in crevices. Egg ribbon rather thin, regularly spirally coiled in a leotropic direction. Distribution- Red Sea, Suez, Pakistan and Polynesia. Chrromodoris petechialis (Gould 1842) (=Glosodorris petechialis) A pair of short stout tentacles. Foot grooved in front, not notched. Twelve simply pinnate deeply retracted gills. Radula 90x85.0.85 (Eliot, 1905). Uniform flesh tint with spots on the back and a coloured border. Gins yellowish. Distribution- Indo-Pacific. Abundant in neighbourhood of Karachi (Homen, 1951). Genus Risbecia Odhner, 1959 (= J eanrisbecia) Body smooth, without papillae or spicules. Back flat Risbecia pulchella (Riippen & Leuckart, 1828) (:: Chromodoris pulchella) (PI.4E) Brown notum and foot both with yellow spots. Mantle margin bright violet. Rhinophores with white stem and laminated club divided into 25-30 thin dark blue leaves. Twenty-four gills carried on an incomplete ridge. Some gills branched, with vio- let tinge. Penis unarmed. · Associated with sponges, generally hide by day in crevices, algae, shells and gravel but come out at dusk and crawl throughout the night (Gohar & Abul-Ela, 1957). Spawn as a white ribbon in whorls, thrown into waves, the white ribbon refers to Chromodoris ghardagana Gohar & Abul-Ela, 1957. Distribution -Widely distributed throughout the tropical Indo-Pacific. Family: Dendrodoridae Donoghue, 1924 Genus: Dendrodoris Ehrenberg 1831 (=Doridopsis) Long oval-shaped soft body. Radula and jaws absent. The genus Doriopsilla, for the time being, is also merged with Dendrodoris (Wells & Bryce, 1993). 88 Pakistan Journal of Marine Sciences, Vol.5(1), 1996 Dendrodoris nigra (Stimpson, 1856) (= Doriopsis nigra Eliot, 1908) (PI.5A,A') .. Soft, sHmy black eUiptical body. Dorsal surface finely granular in central region. Mantle thin, well developed and extends· beyond the foot all around. Head smaH, foot well developed. Rhinopho:res small :retractile. Eight branchial plumes, feathery (tripin­ n.ate ), arranged in circle. Feeds on sponges. Egg mass an orange, convoluted :ribbon of several whorls. From mudflat in intertidal region of Sindh and Makran coast. From Sindh 2 speci­ mens (1 juvenile) on 21 November, 95. Body black, juvenile with white rosset-like spots. Rhinophores white tipped with bluish stripes. Reddish orange submarginal stripe on notum, front with a crearnish margin.. Gins black or dark. Distribution - Commonest tropical nudib:ranch of intertidal :region in Indian (including Red Sea and Suez Canal) and Pacific Oceans (Gosline:r, 1987). Dendrodoris rubra (Kelaa.rt, 1858) (Fig.16) Smooth and flabby, edges of the mantle and foot thin. Gills set very far back (Eliot, 1905). Breeding season from mid-December to end of February. Newly laid egg ribbon (Fig. 16) grey, translucent, coiled (Zebra & Pe:rveen, 1995). Fig.l6. Dendrodoris rubra (Kelaart, 1858), egg ribbon. (after Zebra & Perveen, 1995). Dendrodoris fumata (Riippell & Leuckart, 1831) (PI.5B) Body soft smooth, broadly ovate in outline, markedly convex dorsally. Mantle large undulated. Rhinophores fairly dose to one another, 18 laminae present. Gills tripinnate arranged in semicircular way. Foot forms a short blunt tail. No radula or jaw present. Collected in large numbers, nearly the whole year round, breeds in December and January. Distribution - Indo-Pacific. Kazrni et al.: Checldist of opisthobranch snails 89 Dendrodoris nigromaculata Cockerell & Eliot, 1905 (=D. rubra var nigromaculata) (Fig.17) Yellowish white, smooth notum with brown flecks which concentrate near the mid­ dle, white blotches dorsolateraUy between the rhinophores and gins, rhinophores with 5- 6 lamellae, gills made up of 5-6 plumes, both whitish yellow. Radula absent. Collected from Cape Monze, spawn observed on several occasions, in the form of coiled ribbon, translucent and leathery in texture. · Fig.l7. Dendrodoris nigromaculata Cockerell & Eliot, 1905, egg ribbon. (after Tirmizi & Zebra, 1988) Distribution- Pakistan, Suez and Atlantic. Dendrodoris miniata (=Doriopsillaminiata) (Alder & Hancock, 1864) (PI.SC) Body rigid, bright orange-red with opaque white lines, mantle with frilly edge, feath­ ery gins and small rhinophores, wen developed spicules embedded in the notum. Feeds on sponges, though lacks radula, oral glands permit digestion of sponge cells (Gosliner, 1987). Distribution- Mediterranean Sea, Karachi, India, S.Africa, Australia and Japan. Family: Dorididae Rafinesque, 1815 Genus: Doris (L.) Cuvier, 1804 Depressed body, warty, marginal tubercles on rhinophores and gins. Tentacles short and thick. Foot with entire margin. Doris cameroni (Allan, 1947) (Fig.18 PI.SD) Dark center of the dorsum with few papiHae, Pakistani specimens differ from the Austr~lian specimens (WeHs & Bryce, 1993, pt 126) in having a larger dark centre. Spawned in the laboratory. Egg ribbon of 2¥2 whorls, (Fig.18) collected on February, 1993. Distribution- Indo-Pacific, New South Wales, Victoria, W.Au~tralia. 90 Pakistan Journal of Marine Sciences, Vot5(l), 1996 Fig.l8. Doris cameroni (Allan, 1947), egg ribbon. Genus: Discodoris Bergh, 1875 Soft texture. Genital armature absent (except in few species). Discodoris concinna (Alder & Hancock, 1864) (Pl. 6A,A') Surface rough, thickly studded with slightly projected minute tubercles of various sizes. Pallial skirt extends all over the body, somewhat narrow in front and behind the foot, thin and undulated at the edges. Rhinophores large and made up of more than 20 lamellae, each rhinophore terminates in a white papilla. Gill pouch roughly produced into 6 shallow grooves. Large species (90mm) collected only twice once on 29 April, 1994, extremely slow moving, but hardy. General. colouration affords protection as the notum of a sandy brown tinge with many scattered irregular brown blotches of different shades. The ven­ tral surface has also the same blotches. Distribution - Red Sea, Minikoi, Djibouti and Suez Canal. Suborder: AeoLidacea Odhner, 1934 (= Eolidacea) Family: Facelinidae Odhner, 1939 Genus: Hervia Bergh, 1871 Long slender built with long tentacles and rhinophores projecting anterior tt• foot angles. Simples cerata arranged in transverse rows. Penis may be armed with spines. Caloria militaris = Hervia militaris (Alder & Hancock 1866) (Pl.6B) Brown body, cerata with yellow tips. Kazmi et al.: Cheddist of opisthobranch snails 91 Frequent in cooler months. Spawned in laboratory, egg ribbon a white highly convo­ luted mass of several whorls. Distribution- Reported from Japan and Karachi. Suborder: Dendronotacea Family: Bornellidae Fischer, 1883 Genus: Bornella (Gray, 1850) Adams & Reeve, 1848 Long, narrow body with no mantle skirt. Rhinophores sheaths bear 3 short and one long process besides rhinophores. Bomella stellifer (Adams & Reeve in Adams 1848) (= Bomella adamsi Gray, 1850 = Bomella digitata Adams & Reeve) (PI.6C) Six pairs of cerata-like papillae on each side of back of body, 1st-4th pair bifid, 5th and 6th simple, small extra-branchial processes, radula with both median and lateral teeth. Body white with orange reticulation. Collected from Karachi (Eliot, 1905), twice from Pacha in February, 1994. Feeds on hydroids (Wells & Bryce, 1993). Distribution - Widely distributed throughout the Indo-Pacific east and to the Hawaiian Island. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The first author is grateful to Dr. K.R. Jensen of Denmark, Dr. D.W.Behrens and Dr. T.Gosliner of California and Dr. Lin Guangyu of China, for identifying the species. Dr. Jensen improved the MS also. The World Data Centre, Washington D.C., is acknowledged for providing Xerox of literature badly needed by the first author. Thanks are due to Dr. F.A. Mangi of MRC for bringing into notice several speci­ mens which otherwise would have overlooked. Miss Razia Naushaba of MRC, helped with photography. Financial assistance in the initial stage of work (1991-92) was provided by Faculty of Science, University of Karachi through faculty grant to the first author but most of the work in the final stage was supported by ONR (USA). LITERATURE CITED Behrens, D.W., 1991. Pacific coast Nudibranchs. A guide to the opisthobranchs. Alaska to Baja California. Sea Challengers and California. Record edition pp. 106. Dance, S.P., 1992. Shells, Eyewitness handbook, Dorling Kindersely, Inc. New York, pp. 28. Eales, N.B, 1938. A. Systematic and anatomical account of theopisthobranchia. The John Murray Expedition 1933-34. Scientific Report Vol.V No.4: 77-122, pl.l. 92 Pakistan Journal of Marine Sciences, Vol.5(1), 1996 Eliot, C.N.E., 1905. Nudibranchs from the Indo-Pa~ific Islands. Notes on a collection dredged near Karachi and Maskat. J. Conch. XI No.8: 237-256. Eliot, C.N.E., 1907. Nudibranchs from the Indo-Pacific. J.Conch. XII(3): 81-82. Eliot, C.N.E, 1909. Report on the Nudibranchs collected by the James Hornell at Okhamandal in Kattiwar in
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