A Check List of Opisthobranch Snails of the Karachi Coast

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A check list of opisthobranch snails of the Karachi coast

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Authors Kazmi, Quddusi B.; Tirmizi, Nasima M.; Zehra, Itrat

Download date 24/09/2021 15:22:06

Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/33270 Kazmi et al.: Checklist of opisthobranch snails 87

Chromodoris aspersa (Gould, 1842) (Pl.4D) (=C. inornata Pease, 1872) (may be C. tumulifera, Behrens, personal comm. Q.B.K).

Body an elongated oval shield. Surface smooth. Rhinophore stalks cylindrical, clavus with twenty leaves. Branchia eleven, simple pinnate plumes. Yellowish orange colour on dorsum fading towards periphery but the pallial edge itself deeply orange. Numerous deep violet spots on dorsum. Rhinophores and gins deep orange. Collected from BuHeji at -2m tidal height. Dwells in crevices. Egg ribbon rather thin, regularly spirally coiled in a leotropic direction.

Distribution- Red Sea, Suez, Pakistan and Polynesia.

Chrromodoris petechialis (Gould 1842) (=Glosodorris petechialis)

A pair of short stout tentacles. Foot grooved in front, not notched. Twelve simply pinnate deeply retracted gills. Radula 90x85.0.85 (Eliot, 1905). Uniform flesh tint with spots on the back and a coloured border. Gins yellowish.

Distribution- Indo-Pacific. Abundant in neighbourhood of Karachi (Homen, 1951).

Genus Risbecia Odhner, 1959 (= J eanrisbecia)

Body smooth, without papillae or spicules. Back flat

Risbecia pulchella (Riippen & Leuckart, 1828) (:: Chromodoris pulchella) (PI.4E)

Brown notum and foot both with yellow spots. Mantle margin bright violet. Rhinophores with white stem and laminated club divided into 25-30 thin dark blue leaves. Twenty-four gills carried on an incomplete ridge. Some gills branched, with violet tinge. Penis unarmed. · Associated with sponges, generally hide by day in crevices, algae, shells and gravel but come out at dusk and crawl throughout the night (Gohar & Abul-Ela, 1957). Spawn as a white ribbon in whorls, thrown into waves, the white ribbon refers to Chromodoris ghardagana Gohar & Abul-Ela, 1957.

Distribution -Widely distributed throughout the tropical Indo-Pacific.

Family: Dendrodoridae Donoghue, 1924 Genus: Dendrodoris Ehrenberg 1831 (=Doridopsis) Long oval-shaped soft body. Radula and jaws absent. The genus Doriopsilla, for the time being, is also merged with Dendrodoris (Wells & Bryce, 1993). 88 Pakistan Journal of Marine Sciences, Vol.5(1), 1996

Dendrodoris nigra (Stimpson, 1856) (= Doriopsis nigra Eliot, 1908) (PI.5A,A') ..

Soft, sHmy black eUiptical body. Dorsal surface finely granular in central region. Mantle thin, well developed and extends· beyond the foot all around. Head smaH, foot well developed. Rhinopho:res small :retractile. Eight branchial plumes, feathery (tripin n.ate ), arranged in circle. Feeds on sponges. Egg mass an orange, convoluted :ribbon of several whorls. From mudflat in intertidal region of Sindh and Makran coast. From Sindh 2 speci mens (1 juvenile) on 21 November, 95. Body black, juvenile with white rosset-like spots. Rhinophores white tipped with bluish stripes. Reddish orange submarginal stripe on notum, front with a crearnish margin.. Gins black or dark.

Distribution - Commonest tropical nudib:ranch of intertidal :region in Indian (including Red Sea and Suez Canal) and Pacific Oceans (Gosline:r, 1987).

Dendrodoris rubra (Kelaa.rt, 1858) (Fig.16)

Smooth and flabby, edges of the mantle and foot thin. Gills set very far back (Eliot, 1905). Breeding season from mid-December to end of February. Newly laid egg ribbon (Fig. 16) grey, translucent, coiled (Zebra & Pe:rveen, 1995).

Fig.l6. Dendrodoris rubra (Kelaart, 1858), egg ribbon. (after Zebra & Perveen, 1995).

Dendrodoris fumata (Riippell & Leuckart, 1831) (PI.5B)

Body soft smooth, broadly ovate in outline, markedly convex dorsally. Mantle large undulated. Rhinophores fairly dose to one another, 18 laminae present. Gills tripinnate arranged in semicircular way. Foot forms a short blunt tail. No radula or jaw present. Collected in large numbers, nearly the whole year round, breeds in December and January.

Distribution - Indo-Pacific. Kazrni et al.: Checldist of opisthobranch snails 89

Dendrodoris nigromaculata Cockerell & Eliot, 1905 (=D. rubra var nigromaculata) (Fig.17)

Yellowish white, smooth notum with brown flecks which concentrate near the mid dle, white blotches dorsolateraUy between the rhinophores and gins, rhinophores with 5- 6 lamellae, gills made up of 5-6 plumes, both whitish yellow. Radula absent. Collected from Cape Monze, spawn observed on several occasions, in the form of coiled ribbon, translucent and leathery in texture.

· Fig.l7. Dendrodoris nigromaculata Cockerell & Eliot, 1905, egg ribbon. (after Tirmizi & Zebra, 1988)

Distribution- Pakistan, Suez and Atlantic.

Dendrodoris miniata (=Doriopsillaminiata) (Alder & Hancock, 1864) (PI.SC)

Body rigid, bright orange-red with opaque white lines, mantle with frilly edge, feath ery gins and small rhinophores, wen developed spicules embedded in the notum. Feeds on sponges, though lacks radula, oral glands permit digestion of sponge cells (Gosliner, 1987).

Distribution- Mediterranean Sea, Karachi, India, S.Africa, Australia and Japan.

Family: Dorididae Rafinesque, 1815 Genus: Doris (L.) Cuvier, 1804

Depressed body, warty, marginal tubercles on rhinophores and gins. Tentacles short and thick. Foot with entire margin.

Doris cameroni (Allan, 1947) (Fig.18 PI.SD)

Dark center of the dorsum with few papiHae, Pakistani specimens differ from the Austr~lian specimens (WeHs & Bryce, 1993, pt 126) in having a larger dark centre. Spawned in the laboratory. Egg ribbon of 2¥2 whorls, (Fig.18) collected on February, 1993.

Distribution- Indo-Pacific, New South Wales, Victoria, W.Au~tralia. 90 Pakistan Journal of Marine Sciences, Vot5(l), 1996

Fig.l8. Doris cameroni (Allan, 1947), egg ribbon.

Genus: Discodoris Bergh, 1875

Soft texture. Genital armature absent (except in few species).

Discodoris concinna (Alder & Hancock, 1864) (Pl. 6A,A')

Surface rough, thickly studded with slightly projected minute tubercles of various sizes. Pallial skirt extends all over the body, somewhat narrow in front and behind the foot, thin and undulated at the edges. Rhinophores large and made up of more than 20 lamellae, each rhinophore terminates in a white papilla. Gill pouch roughly produced into 6 shallow grooves. Large species (90mm) collected only twice once on 29 April, 1994, extremely slow moving, but hardy. General. colouration affords protection as the notum of a sandy brown tinge with many scattered irregular brown blotches of different shades. The ven tral surface has also the same blotches.

Distribution - Red Sea, Minikoi, Djibouti and Suez Canal.

Suborder: AeoLidacea Odhner, 1934 (= Eolidacea) Family: Facelinidae Odhner, 1939 Genus: Hervia Bergh, 1871

Long slender built with long tentacles and rhinophores projecting anterior tt• foot angles. Simples cerata arranged in transverse rows. Penis may be armed with spines.

Caloria militaris = Hervia militaris (Alder & Hancock 1866) (Pl.6B)

Brown body, cerata with yellow tips. Kazmi et al.: Cheddist of opisthobranch snails 91

Frequent in cooler months. Spawned in laboratory, egg ribbon a white highly convo luted mass of several whorls.

Distribution- Reported from Japan and Karachi.

Suborder: Dendronotacea Family: Bornellidae Fischer, 1883 Genus: Bornella (Gray, 1850) Adams & Reeve, 1848

Long, narrow body with no mantle skirt. Rhinophores sheaths bear 3 short and one long process besides rhinophores.

Bomella stellifer (Adams & Reeve in Adams 1848) (= Bomella adamsi Gray, 1850 = Bomella digitata Adams & Reeve) (PI.6C)

Six pairs of cerata-like papillae on each side of back of body, 1st-4th pair bifid, 5th and 6th simple, small extra-branchial processes, radula with both median and lateral teeth. Body white with orange reticulation. Collected from Karachi (Eliot, 1905), twice from Pacha in February, 1994. Feeds on hydroids (Wells & Bryce, 1993).

Distribution - Widely distributed throughout the Indo-Pacific east and to the Hawaiian Island.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The first author is grateful to Dr. K.R. Jensen of Denmark, Dr. D.W.Behrens and Dr. T.Gosliner of California and Dr. Lin Guangyu of China, for identifying the species. Dr. Jensen improved the MS also. The World Data Centre, Washington D.C., is acknowledged for providing Xerox of literature badly needed by the first author. Thanks are due to Dr. F.A. Mangi of MRC for bringing into notice several speci mens which otherwise would have overlooked. Miss Razia Naushaba of MRC, helped with photography. Financial assistance in the initial stage of work (1991-92) was provided by Faculty of Science, University of Karachi through faculty grant to the first author but most of the work in the final stage was supported by ONR (USA).

LITERATURE CITED

Behrens, D.W., 1991. Pacific coast Nudibranchs. A guide to the opisthobranchs. Alaska to Baja California. Sea Challengers and California. Record edition pp. 106. Dance, S.P., 1992. Shells, Eyewitness handbook, Dorling Kindersely, Inc. New York, pp. 28. Eales, N.B, 1938. A. Systematic and anatomical account of theopisthobranchia. The John Murray Expedition 1933-34. Scientific Report Vol.V No.4: 77-122, pl.l. 92 Pakistan Journal of Marine Sciences, Vol.5(1), 1996

Eliot, C.N.E., 1905. Nudibranchs from the Indo-Pa~ific Islands. Notes on a collection dredged near Karachi and Maskat. J. Conch. XI No.8: 237-256. Eliot, C.N.E., 1907. Nudibranchs from the Indo-Pacific. J.Conch. XII(3): 81-82. Eliot, C.N.E, 1909. Report on the Nudibranchs collected by the James Hornell at Okhamandal in Kattiwar in 1905-6. Reprinted by J.Homell in 1985. International books & periodicals supplies service New Delhi. Fatima, M., 1988. Pteropods: species composition and their relative abundance in northern Arabian Sea. Pakistan Jour. Sci.Ind. Res. 31(9):634-636. Franc, A., 1968. Sous-classe de opisthobranches: 608-893. ln:Grasse, P.(Ed).Traite zoologie, 5. Masson & Cie, Paris. Frontier, S., 1963. Heteropodes et Pteropodes recoltes le Plancton de Nosy Be. Cah. ORSTOM (Oceanogr.) (1):213-227. Gohar, H.A.F. & LA. Abui-Eia: LA., 1957. The development of three Chromodorids. Pubi.Marine Bioi.Sta. Al-Ghardaqa (Red Sea) No. 9:203-208. Gosliner, T., 1987. Nudibranchs of Southern Africa. A guide to Opisthobranch Molluscs of Southern Africa. Published by Sea Challengers and Jeff Hamann in association with the California Academy of Sciences. EJ. Brill, Netherlands. Pp.136, 13 figures, 268 coloured plates. Hornell, J. 1951. Indian Molluscs. The Bombay Natural History Society. l-96, with a coloured plate and 70 text figures. Jensen, K.R., 1993. Sacoglossa (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia) from Rottnest Island and Central Western Australia. The marine flora and fauna ofRottnest Island, Western Australia Vol.l:207-253. Khan, D.M., M. Dawood & S.G. Dastagir, 1971. On the Mollusca: Gastropoda Fauna of Pakistan. Record Zoological Survey of Pakistan ll(l): 17-130. Khan, D.M., S.G. Dastagir & S.A. Ashraf, 1973. Gastropoda & Pelecypoda (Marine Fauna suplement). Records Zoological Survey of Pakistan. IV(l&2) :5, 17. Kazmi, Q.B. & N.M.Tirmizi, in press. On two species of Armina: A.babai (Tchang, 1934) and A.punctilopsis Lin, 1981 (Gastropoda,Opisthobranchia) from Pakistan coast of the Indian Ocean with a note on egg rib bon of A.babai. Kazmi, Q.B., 1992. Opisthobranch fauna of Karachi coast (Faculty Grant 1991-92). (restricted) Kazmi, Q.B., 1992. MRC Newsletter. 1(3):1. Kazmi, Q.B. 1994. MRC Newsletter 3(3):3. Murray, .I.A., 1887. The conchology of the Sindh coast. Ind. Ann. 1:26-28. Rahman, A.U., K.A. Alvi, S.A. Abbas, T. Sultana, M. Shameel, MJ. Choudhary and J.C. Clardy, 1991. A diterpenoid lactone from Aplysiajuliana. J. Nat. Prod. 54(3): 886. Sowerby, G.B., 1895. New species of shells from Karachi and Makran coast. Proc. Malac. Soc. Lond . .l :278- 280. Tirmizi, N.M., 1977. Marine molluscs of Pakistan (Pakistan Science Foundation 1974-77). (restricted) Tirmizi, N.M. and I.Zehra, 1982. Illustrated key to families ofPakistan marine molluscs. Pakistan Science Foundation: 1-46, figs. l-135. Tirmizi, N.M. & I. Zehra, 1984. Marine Fauna of Pakistan:2, Mollusca: Gastropoda. University Grants com mission~ Pp.I05. Wells, F.E. & C.W. Bryce, 1993. Sea slugs and their relatives of western Australia. Western Australian Museum pp. 184. Woodwards, S.P ., 1856. A catalogue of Mollusca collected at Karachi by Major Baker, 1850, numbering about 110 species. Manual of Mollusca 2: 73. Zehra, I. & N.M. Tirmizi, 1988. Reproductive biology and larval development of Dendrodoris rubra (Kelaart) var. nigromaculata (Eliot) (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia) from the northern Arabian Sea, Pakistan coast. Proceedings of the international conference on Marine Sciences of the Arabian sea. 19-86: 185-192. Zehra, I & I. Nayeem, 1995. Ecology of pteropods of the northern Arabian Sea, Pakistan Coast. Thid: 55-61. Zehra, L & R. Perveen, 1992. Observations on the mating behaviour, spawn mass and larval development of Hydatina physis Linne, 1758 (Cephalaspidea: Hydatinidae) from Karachi. Pakistan Journal of Marine Sciences 1: 127-133. Zehra, I. & R. Perveen, 1995. Mating behaviour, spawning, morphology of the egg ribbon and development of Dendrodoris rubra (Kelaart). Proceedings of the Arabian Sea Living Marine Resources and the Environment: 167-175.

(Received: 1995; Revised: 1996)

Kazmi et al.: Checklist of opisthobra:nch snails 93

Plate 1. A. Hamionoea? natalensis (Krauss, 1848), dorsal view. B,B'. Hydatiiw zonata (Lightfoot, 1786), dorsal and ventral view respectively. C. Hydatina albocincta (VanderHoeven, 1811), dorsal view. D. Aplysia oculifera Adams & Reeve, 1850, lateral view. E. Aplysia sp., dorsal view. 94 Pakistan Journal of Marine Sciences, Vol.5(l), 1996

Plate 1 Kazmi et a!.: Checklist ofopisthobranch snails 95

Plate 2.A. Elysia marginata (Pease, 1871), two specimens in dorsal VleW. B. Elysia naer maoria Powell, 1937, two specimens foraging seaweed. C. Polybranchia-sp., a single ceras. D. Polybranchia orientalis (Kelaart, 1858), dorsal view. D'. same, a singe! ceras. 96 Pakistan Journal of Marine Sciences, Vol.5(1), 1996

Plate 2 Kazmi et al.: Checklist of opisthobranch snails 97

Plate 3.A. Berthellina citrina (Ruppel & Leuckart, 1828). A'. Same in ventral view with egg ribbon. B. Berthella tupala Marcus, 1957. C,C'. Armina punctilopsis Lin, 1992, dorsal and ventral views. D. Jorunna funebris (Kelaart, 1859), animal with two newly laid egg ribbons. D'. Same, egg ribbons showing different shade due to develop ment. 98 Pakistan Journal of Marine Sciences, Vol.5(1), 1996 Plate 3 Kazmi et al.: Checklist of opisthobranch snails 99

Plate 4.A. Rostanga muscula (Abraham, 1877), two specimens in dorsal view. A'. Same, one individual in ventral view, with egg ribbon. B. Okenia sp.1, dorsal view. c. Okenia sp.2, dorsal view. D. Chromodoris aspera (Gould, 1842), lateral view. E. Risbecia pulchella (RupeH and Leuckart, 1828), animal and egg ribbon. 100 Pakistan Journal of Marine Sciences, Vol.5(1), 1996

Plate 4 Kazmi et al.: Checklist of opisthobranch snails 101

Plate 5.A,A'. Dendrodoris nigra (Stimpson, 1856), adult and juvenile individuals respectively in dorsal view. B. Dendrodoris fumata (RuppeU & Leuckart, 1831), dorsal VIeW. C. Dendrodoris miniata (Alder & Hancock,1860),dorsal view. D. Doris cameroni (Allan, 1947), dorsal view. D'. same, animal with egg ribbon. 102 Pakistan Journal of Marine Sciences, Vol.5(1), 1996

Plate 5 Kazmi et al.: Checklist of opisthobranch snails 103

Plate 6.A,A'. Discodoris concinna (Alder & Hancock, 1860), dorsal and ventral view respectively. B. Caloria militaris Alder & Hancock, 1866, animal in dorsal view with egg ribbon. C. Bornella stellifer (Adams & Reeve, 1848), dorsal view. 104 Pakistan Journal of Marine Sciences, Vol.5(l), 1996 Plate 6