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Pearl S. Buck, the Woman of Two Worlds: the Old and the New”

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Pearl S. Buck, the Woman of Two Worlds: the Old and the New” UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN ESCUELA DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA INGLESA UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN ESCUELA DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA INGLESA “PEARL S. BUCK, THE WOMAN OF TWO WORLDS: THE OLD AND THE NEW” Trabajo de titulación previa a la obtención del Título de Licenciada en Ciencias de la Educación, en la Especialización de Lengua y Literatura Inglesa DIRECTORA: MAGISTER KATHERINE HENLEY DE YOUMAN AUTORA: INGENIERA MARITZA MONCAYO AVECILLAS CUENCA-ECUADOR 2015 “PEARL S. BUCK, THE WOMAN OF TWO WORLDS: THE OLD AND THE NEW” Ing. Maritza Moncayo Avecillas 1 UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN ESCUELA DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA INGLESA ABSTRACT “Pearl S. Buck, the Woman of Two Worlds: the Old and the New” is a window through which the public in general can learn about this intelligent and worthy woman whose literary work has helped Westerners understand people living in the East. She is also the voice of the voiceless minority groups of our society. The thesis is developed in four chapters. Chapter 1, The Life of Pearl S. Buck, focuses on the two worlds in which Pearl lived, China and America. Chapter 2, Brief History of China from the Imperial Era, the Political Transition and the Communist Regime, is a description of the historical circumstances experienced by this giant Asiatic country from its mythological origin until our days. Chapter 3, How are the Two Worlds, the Old and the New, Reflected in Her Novels? begins with the knowledge of two traditional Chinese practices, concubinage and foot binding. Then we analyze one of Pearl’s novels, The Good Earth. Chapter 4, The New Chinese Woman According to Pearl S. Buck, assures readers understand the secondary position women have had “PEARL S. BUCK, THE WOMAN OF TWO WORLDS: THE OLD AND THE NEW” Ing. Maritza Moncayo Avecillas 2 UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN ESCUELA DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA INGLESA throughout history. Then we explain how Mao Tse-tung raised women’s status in China. Finally, we develop the New Woman defined by Pearl. KEY WORDS: Humanitarian and civil rights efforts, Amerasian children, Ancient Era, Imperial Era, Modern China, Republican China, People’s Republic of China, The Good Earth, concubinage, foot binding, education, equal rights, equal pay and work opportunities, birth control, politics. “PEARL S. BUCK, THE WOMAN OF TWO WORLDS: THE OLD AND THE NEW” Ing. Maritza Moncayo Avecillas 3 UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN ESCUELA DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA INGLESA RESUMEN “Pearl S. Buck, la Mujer de Dos Mundos: el Antiguo y el Nuevo” es una ventana a través de la el público en general puede aprender sobre esta mujer inteligente y valiosa cuyo trabajo literario ha ayudado a las personas de Occidente a entender a las personas de Oriente. Ella es también la voz de los grupos minoritarios sin voz de nuestra sociedad. La tesis está desarrollada en cuatro capítulos. Capítulo 1, La vida de Pearl S. Buck, se enfoca en los dos mundos en los cuales Pearl vivió, China y América. Capítulo 2, Historia Breve de China desde la Era Imperial, Transición Política y Régimen Comunista; es una descripción de las circunstancias históricas experimentadas por este país asiático gigante desde su mítico origen hasta la actualidad. Capítulo 3, ¿Cómo son los Dos Mundos, el Antiguo y el Nuevo, Reflejados en Sus Novelas? comienza con el conocimiento de dos prácticas chinas tradicionales, Concubinato y Reducción de pies. Entonces analizamos una de las novelas de Pearl, La Tierra Buena. Capítulo 4, La Mujer China Según Pearl S. Buck, asegura que los lectores entiendan la posición secundaria que las mujeres han tenido a “PEARL S. BUCK, THE WOMAN OF TWO WORLDS: THE OLD AND THE NEW” Ing. Maritza Moncayo Avecillas 4 UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN ESCUELA DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA INGLESA través de la historia. Entonces explicamos cómo Mao Tse-tung eleva el estatus de la mujer en China. Finalmente, desarrollamos la Mujer Nueva definida por Pearl. PALABRAS CLAVES: Esfuerzos humanitarios y Derechos Civiles, Niños Amerasiáticos, Era Antigua, Era Imperial, China Moderna, República China, República de la Gente de China, La Tierra Buena, concubinato, reducción de pies, educación, igualdad de derechos, igualdad de pago y oportunidades de trabajo, control natal, política. “PEARL S. BUCK, THE WOMAN OF TWO WORLDS: THE OLD AND THE NEW” Ing. Maritza Moncayo Avecillas 5 UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN ESCUELA DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA INGLESA CONTENTS “PEARL S. BUCK, THE WOMAN OF TWO WORLDS: THE OLD AND THE NEW” TITLE PAGE ……………………………………………………………….… 1 ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………… 2 RESUMEN …………………………………………………………………… 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS …....…………………………………………………. 6 COPYRIGHT 1 ……………………………………………………………….. 9 COPYRIGHT 2 ……………………………………………………………….. 10 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT …………………………………………………… 11 DEDICATION ……………………………………………………………… 12 INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………… 14 CHAPTER 1 THE LIFE OF PEARL S. BUCK 1.1 HER PARENTS ………………………………………………………. 17 1.2 HER CHILDHOOD …………………………………………………… 23 1.3 HER STUDIES IN CHINA AND IN THE UNITED STATES …….. 29 1.4 HER FIRST MARRIAGE AND HER RETARDED CHILD ……….. 36 1.5 HER SECOND MARRIAGE ……………………………………….. 48 1.6 HER LITERARY PRODUCTION …………………………………. 61 1.7 HER HUMANITARIAN AND CIVIL RIGHTS EFFORTS ……….. 67 “PEARL S. BUCK, THE WOMAN OF TWO WORLDS: THE OLD AND THE NEW” Ing. Maritza Moncayo Avecillas 6 UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN ESCUELA DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA INGLESA 1.8 HER DEDICATION TO AMERASIAN CHILDREN’S WELFARE … 77 1.9 HER AID TO CHINA AND THE CHINESE PEOPLE …………… 83 1.10 HER LAST YEARS IN THE UNITED STATES ………………… 90 CHAPTER 2 BRIEF HISTORY OF CHINA FROM THE IMPERIAL ERA, THE POLITICAL TRANSITION AND THE COMMUNIST REGIME 2.1 ANCIENT ERA ………………………………………………………. 100 2.2 IMPERIAL ERA ……………………………………………………… 110 2.3 MODERN CHINA …………………………….……………………. 130 2.4 REPUBLICAN CHINA (1911 – 1949) ……………………………. 143 2.5 THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ………………………… 162 CHAPTER 3 HOW ARE THE TWO WORLDS, THE OLD AND THE NEW, REFLECTED IN HER NOVELS? 3.1 ANCIENT CHINESE CUSTOMS …………………………………... 190 3.2 THE GOOD EARTH ………………………………………………. 201 3.2.1 Scenery ……………………………………………………… 206 3.2.2 Characters …………………………………………………… 208 “PEARL S. BUCK, THE WOMAN OF TWO WORLDS: THE OLD AND THE NEW” Ing. Maritza Moncayo Avecillas 7 UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN ESCUELA DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA INGLESA 3.2.3 Structure ………………………….………………………….. 217 3.2.4 Summary ……………………………….……………………. 218 3.2.5 Analysis: The Peasant Man ……………………………. 280 3.2.6 Analysis: The Peasant Woman ………………………… 284 3.3 TRANSITION TO THE NEW WORLD …................................... 288 CHAPTER 4 THE NEW CHINESE WOMAN ACCORDING TO PEARL S. BUCK 4. 1 POSITION OF WOMEN IN CHINESE HISTORY ……………… 294 4.2 WOMEN UNDER MAO’S REGIME ……………………………… 299 4.3 THE NEW WOMAN ………………………………………………… 306 4.3.1 A woman who needs education ……………………… 312 4.3.2 A woman who looks for equal rights ………………… 319 4.3.3 A woman who wants equal pay and work opportunities ………..……………………………………… 323 4.3.4 A woman who decides on the number of children she wants ……………….…………………………………. 326 4.3.5 A woman who participates in politics ………………. 328 CONCLUSIONS …………………………………………………………. 338 BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………………. 343 APPENDIX ………………………………………………………………… 350 “PEARL S. BUCK, THE WOMAN OF TWO WORLDS: THE OLD AND THE NEW” Ing. Maritza Moncayo Avecillas 8 UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN ESCUELA DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA INGLESA COPYRIGHT 1 Universidad de Cuenca Cláusula de derechos de autor Maritza Alexandra Moncayo Avecillas, autora de la tesis “Pearl S. Buck, The Woman of Two Worlds: The Old and The New”, reconozco y acepto el derecho de la Universidad de Cuenca, en base al Art. 5 literal c) de su Reglamento de Propiedad Intelectual, de publicar este trabajo por cualquier medio conocido o por conocer, al ser este requisito para la obtención de mi título de Licenciada en Ciencias de la Educación, Especialización de Lengua y Literatura Inglesa. El uso que la Universidad de Cuenca hiciere de este trabajo, no implicará afección alguna de mis derechos morales o patrimoniales como autora. Cuenca, 17 de diciembre de 2015. ________________________________ Maritza Alexandra Moncayo Avecillas C.I: 010262106-7 “PEARL S. BUCK, THE WOMAN OF TWO WORLDS: THE OLD AND THE NEW” Ing. Maritza Moncayo Avecillas 9 UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN ESCUELA DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA INGLESA COPYRIGHT 2 Universidad de Cuenca Cláusula de propiedad intelectual Maritza Alexandra Moncayo Avecillas, autora de la tesis “Pearl S. Buck, The Woman of Two Worlds: The Old and The New”, certifico que todas las ideas, opiniones y contenidos expuestos en la presente investigación son de exclusiva responsabilidad de su autora. Cuenca, 17 de diciembre de 2015. ________________________________ Maritza Alexandra Moncayo Avecillas C.I: 010262106-7 “PEARL S. BUCK, THE WOMAN OF TWO WORLDS: THE OLD AND THE NEW” Ing. Maritza Moncayo Avecillas 10 UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN ESCUELA DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA INGLESA ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In 2004, I determined to become an English teacher and began my second career,
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