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Vol. 10 N.° 1 REVISTA ELECTRÓNICA DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS NATURALES E INGENIERÍA Enero - Junio Del 20201 MUTIS

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Vol. 10 N.° 1 REVISTA ELECTRÓNICA DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS NATURALES E INGENIERÍA Enero - Junio Del 20201 MUTIS Vol. 10 N.° 1 REVISTA ELECTRÓNICA DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS NATURALES E INGENIERÍA Enero - Junio del 20201 MUTIS e- ISSN 2256-1498 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.21789/issn.2256-1498 e-ISSN: 2256-1498 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21789/issn.2256-1498 MUTIS [email protected] Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano Mutis es una publicación electrónica semestral de Jefatura de Publicaciones ciencia e investigación editada por la Facultad de Carrera 4 n.° 23-76, Módulo 29, of. 203 Ciencias Naturales e Ingeniería de la Universidad de Piso 2, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano. Los artículos publicados Tel: (571) 242 7030, Exts. 3120-3132 son responsabilidad de sus autores y no comprome- ten la posición editorial de Mutis. Editor Rector CARLOS SÁNCHEZ GAITÁN GERARD OLIVAR TOST Editor de sección Vicerrector Académico JAVIER HERNÁNDEZ FERNÁNDEZ ANDRÉS FRANCO HERRERA Vicerrectora Administrativa Comité Editorial LILIANA ÁLVAREZ REVELO ISAAC DYNER REZONZEW Director de Investigación, Creación y Extensión Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Colombia LEONARDO PINEDA SERNA MICHAEL J. AHRENS Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Colombia Decano de la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales LEONARDO MARIÑO RAMÍREZ e Ingeniería ISAAC DYNER REZONZEW NCBI - National Center for Biotechnology Information, Bethesda MD, EE. UU. Jefe de Publicaciones MYRON SPECTOR MARCO GIRALDO BARRETO Harvard University, EE. UU. Coordinador Editorial JUAN CARLOS GARCÍA SAENZ Comité Científico Coordinación gráfica y diseño y diagramación MÓNICA PUYANA HEGEDUS LUIS CARLOS CELIS CALDERÓN Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Colombia ANDRÉS FELIPE SUÁREZ ESCOBAR Corrector de estilo LEONARDO PAIPILLA PARDO Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Colombia ALBA GRACIELA ÁVILA Coordinación editorial y revisión Universidad de los Andes, Colombia MARY LIDIA MOLINA BERNAL ANDRÉS FELIPE LÓPEZ Distribución y ventas Universidad de La Sabana, Colombia SANDRA GUZMÁN SILVIO ALEJANDRO LÓPEZ PASOS Asistente administrativa Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, MARÍA TERESA MURCIA Colombia Actualmente el contenido está indexado e incluido en Google Scholar, Academia.edu, BASE, Directory of Re- search Journals Indexing, Latindex, MIAR, Mendeley, PE- MUTIS, Journal of the Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Jorge Tadeo RIODICA, PKP index, ROAD, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, Lozano University, is licensed under the Creative Commons 4.0: Attribution - Noncommercial - No Derivative Works DOAJ, Ebsco (fuente académica), Redib CONTENIDO Vol. 10 n.° 1 – I. Edición 2020 EDITORIAL 5 The Vaccine Against COVID-19: A Race Against Time Javier Hernández Fernández ARTÍCULOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN – RESEARCH ARTICLES Diseño de una columna empacada y una torre de bandejas perforadas para la absorción de etanol. 2. Diseño de la 8 torre de bandejas perforadas Design of a Packed-Bed Column and a Sieve Tray Tower for Ethanol Absorption. 2. Sieve Tray Tower Design Amaury Pérez Sánchez, Eddy Javier Pérez Sánchez, Mahel Gabriel Bodaño Hernández Análisis comparativo del impacto al recurso hídrico generado en los principales rellenos sanitarios en Colombia 25 Comparative Analysis of Impacts on Water Resources Generated by Major Landfills in Colombia Diana Lucía Cristancho Montenegro, Angie Stefany Torres Mejía, Johan Fernando Lobatón Orduz Evaluación de la influencia de la agitación para la producción de biomasa microalgal en un fotobiorreactor panel 46 plano a escala laboratorio Evaluation of the Influence of Agitation for the Production of Microalgal Biomass in a Flat Panel Photobioreactor at Laboratory Scale Jennifer L. Doncel Núñez, Heidy L. Moreno Saboyá Listado de plantas ornamentales urbanas de Tunja (Boyacá, Colombia) 57 A List of Urban Ornamental Plants in Tunja (Boyacá, Colombia) Wilson Ricardo Álvaro Alba, Mónica Patricia Díaz Pita Análisis de viabilidad y diseño para el abastecimiento de agua potable en la vereda Socota del municipio de Apulo 79 (Cundinamarca, Colombia) Feasibility Analysis and Design of a Drinking Water Supply System in the Village of Socotá, Municipality of Apulo (Cundinamar- ca, Colombia) Andrea Tatiana Jaime Bello, Jenny Alejandra Martínez Jiménez, Jesús Ernesto Torres Quintero Instrucciones para autores 98 Errata Mutis 9(1) Por solicitud de los autores se cambia la ecuación de la página 63, de la edición de Mutis 9(1), así: Sustituir la ecuación de la pagina 63 605,2 C h = 2.165 col(2018) 239,0 h Ccol(2018) = USD $ 5.482/ m Por la siguiente: h Ccol(2018) = Ccol(2018) hT (col) =USD$5.482/ m 4 m [$] Ccol(2018) =USD $21.928 USD $22.000 MUTIS EDITORIAL Vol. 10 (1) pp. 5-7, enero-junio del 2020 The Vaccine Against covid-19: A Race Against Time More than 16,5 million people have been infected with covid-19 worldwide, resulting in 655,300 deaths and immeasurable economic disruption. After the initial outbreak and more than 220,000 cases and 7,000 deaths in Colombia, covid-19 has widespread across 188 countries. The infection progresses daily, and cases and deaths increase mainly in the United States, Brazil, Russia, India, and South American countries such as Peru, Mex- ico, Chile, and Colombia. This pandemic has challenged both policymakers and scientists around the world and created the need to provide effective solutions to reduce the spread of the disease. -How ever, we still do not have a successful treatment, let alone a vaccine that neutralizes the rapid escalation of the pandemic. Science is advancing rapidly. There are hundreds, even thousands, of studies that explain the disease and its infection patterns. In Colombia, the sequencing of more than 100 virus genomes has already been carried out, an achieve- ment never accomplished before in our country. According to the studies of strains cur- rently circulating in the country, about 80% of infections are caused by a strain coming from Spain. Currently, around 250 vaccines against covid-19 are being developed. Among these, there are varied and revolutionary methods such as mrna vaccines, replicating or non-replicat- ing viral vaccines, dna vaccines, autologous dendritic cell-based vaccines, and inactive virus vaccines. Today, 17 of these vaccines are under evaluation in clinical trials. Long gone are traditional vaccines based on agonizing viruses that awaken the immune response of our cells. We are in a time of almost implausible initiatives and enormous human inventiveness. Science works at an unbeatable speed to get a vaccine. This accel- erated pace was believed impossible to achieve and current altruism and collaboration between international research groups are unprecedented. Developing a vaccine against a coronavirus could take around 10 years, but science is creating new expectations, resulting in optimists believing that it could arrive as early as late 2020. Others (no less optimistic) think that we could have a vaccine by mid-2021. It seems feasible, but not an easy task. The race against the coronavirus is in a stage of high expectation and on Monday 07-21-2020 three of the candidate vaccines have published their preliminary clinical results. The University of Oxford-AstraZeneca, the Chinese con- sortium CanSino Biologics, and Moderna, the American multinational. There is a fourth consortium at this stage: Pfizer-BioNTech (Switzerland-Germany). The World Health 6 Editorial Organization collaborates and supports the development of these promising vaccines to combat covid-19. This situation leads immediately to phase 3: The international, multi- centered, randomized, double-blind, and controlled effectiveness trial. This represents the greatest global public health challenge of our generation. Both Oxford and CanSino Biologics vaccines are based on an adenovirus that causes the common cold in chimpanzees. This adenovirus was genetically modified so that it does not cause side effects or infections in humans and also to make it appear as similar to sars-CoV-2 as possible. To modify the adenovirus, researchers transferred the DNA se- quence encoding the Sars-CoV-2 “spike protein” or S protein. This protein is what gives the virus entry into our cells, using a protein that is found in our cell membranes called the ace2 human receptor. It seems that the coronavirus S protein evolved in one of two animals, bats and/or pangolins, and managed to mutate to fit in a lock and key manner with the ace2 protein. In conclusion, Oxford and CanSino vaccines resemble the corona- virus, and this gives the immune system a chance to learn how to attack it. Unlike traditional vaccines, vaccines developed by Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech use messenger Rna to trigger the production of the “spike protein” of the SARS-CoV-2, just like Oxford and CanSino vaccines. Participants in the vaccine prospect evaluation were given a low, medium, or high dose. The higher dose caused more side effects. Howev- er, volunteers who received the lowest dose produced the same level of antibodies de- tected in recovered covid-19 cases. Those who received medium doses had significantly more antibodies than recovered patients. Messenger rna vaccines are produced from a dna fragment that is transcribed in vitro in a cell-free system. The produced messenger rna is injected into the patient and then this genetic material infects a dendritic cell by endocytosis. The mrna molecule exits into the cytoplasm and the synthesis of protein S, which encodes what we call the antigen, takes place in the ribosomes. This antigen gives rise to antigen-specific cellular immune responses. The vaccine does not integrate genomic information in the host (humans) because the process takes place in the cytoplasm and not in the nucleus. Additionally, when produced in a cell-free environment, the probability of contamination with bacte- rial components is extremely reduced. After this simple and crude explanation, the only thing I can conclude is that the inven- tiveness of the scientists of our time is more than exciting, and the speed at which they work day and night is unmeasurable. The virus advances, its only objective being to infect and replicate, even without realizing how much damage it causes in its attempt to do so. It does not want to kill, only defend its replicative capacity.
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