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University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Com pany 3 0 0 North Z eeb R oad, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9011282 Evolution of Erigeron (Compositae) andPeperomta (Piperaceae) in the Juan Fernandez Islands, Chile Valdebenito, Hugo Alberto, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1989 UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 EVOLUTION OF ERIGERON (COMPOSITAE) AND PEPEROMIA (PIPERACEAE) IN , THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS, CHILE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Hugo Alberto Valdebenito, B.S. The Ohio S tate University 1989 D issertation Committee: Approved by Ralph E .J. Boerner Daniel J . Crawford Tod F. Stuessy Thomas N. Taylor Adviser Department of Botany To my Family ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Numerous people should be acknowledged fo r their contributions during the tenure of this study. Dr. Tod F. Stuessy, my major professor, is gratefully acknowledged for his encouragement and guidance throughout my graduate studies. Members of my committee, Drs. Daniel J. Crawford, Ralph E.J. Boerner, and Thomas N. Taylor are given special thanks for their comments and criticisms on this dissertation. This study was supported by grants from NSF doctoral dissertation improvement grant INT-8317088, Sigma X i, and Graduate Student Alumni Research Award from the Ohio State University. Travel to herbaria at New York Botanical Garden, Smithsonian In stitu tio n , Field Museum of Natural History and DePaw University was made possible by an Herbarium Travel Award from the American Society of Plant Taxonomists. Field work in Bolivia and Peru was possible by a Tinker Foundation Travel Award which is gratefully acknowledged. I am especially grateful to my fellow graduate students in systematics for their aid and companionship in this study. A special thanks is extended to the people in Juan Fernandez, Chile, as well as to the field assistants in Bolivia and Peru. I also wish to thank the curators of many herbaria from which specimens were borrowed (BISH, BM, CONC, F, GB, LP, MO, and NY). iii Finally, and most especially, I express my sincerest appreciation to my wife, Herma. Without her support, and care of Cristobal this work never would have been possible. iv VITA January 10, 1953 ..................................Born - Concepcion, Chile 1976 .......................................................B.S., Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile 1977-1981 ............................................. Graduate Teaching A ssistant, Botany Department, Universidad de Concepcion, Chile 1981 .......................................................Llcenciado in Marine Biology, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile 1982-Present ....................................... Graduate Associate, The Ohio State U niversity, Columbus 1988 .......................................................Summer Internship, Harvard University Herbaria PUBLICATIONS Rivera, P. and H. Valdebenito. 1979* Diatoms collected a t the mouths of the Chivilingo, Laraquete and Carampangue riv ers, Chile. Gayana (Botanica) 35. 98pp. Valdebenito, H., M. B ittner, P.G. Sammes, M. S ilv a, and W.H. Watson. 1982. A compound with antim icrobial ac tiv ity isolated from the red seaweed Laurenoia c h ile n sis. Phytochemistry 21: 1456-1457 ______ , M. B ittner, R. Zemelman, and M. Silva. 1982. Some components from the Chilean marine algae Laurenoia chilensis. Rev. Lat. Amer. Quimica 13: 37-49. , T.K. Lowrey, and Tod F. Stuessy. 1986. A new species of Erlgeron (Compositae, Astereae) from Chile. Brittonia 38: 1-3* Bittner, M., F. Gonzalez, H. Valdebenito, M. Silva, V.J. Paul, W. Fenical, M. Chen and J. Clardy. 1986. A novel tetracyclic polyketal from the marine red alga Laurenoia ch ilen sis. Tetrahedron Lett. 28: 4031-4032. v Valdebenito, H., T.F. Stuessy, and Daniel J. Crawford. In press. Synonymy in Peperomia (Piperaceae) results in biological disjunction between Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Brittonia. _________ , D. Crawford, M. Silva and T.F. Stuessy. 1984. Phylogenetic relationships of Erigeron (Astereae) in the Juan Fernandez Islands, Chile. Ohio J. Sci. (Abstr.) 84: 5. _________ , T.F. Stuessy, and D. Crawford. 1985. Evolution of the genus Erigeron in the Juan Fernandez Islands, Chile. Amer. J. Bot. (A bstr.) 72: 974. ______ . 1986. Flavonoid chemistry of Peperomia in the Juan Fernandez Islands. Ohio J. Sci. (Abstr.) 86: 2. ______ , and Tod F. Stuessy. 1987• The genus Peperomia (Piperaceae) in the Juan Fernandez Islands and in the South American continent: A phenetic study. Ohio J. Sci. (Abstr.) 87: 7» , T.F. Stuessy and D.J. Crawford. 1987- The genus Peperomia in the Juan Fernandez Islands: A phenetic and cladistic study. Amer. J . Bot. (A bstr.) 74: 760-761. , and Tod F. Stuessy. 1988. Phytogeography of Peperomia b erteroana. An interesting case of transoceanic specific d ifferen tiatio n . Ohio J . Sci. (A bstr.) 88: 13. • 1988. Seed morphology and relationships of four endemic species of Peperomia (Piperaceae) of the Juan Fernandez Islands, Chile. Ohio J. S ci. 88: 13. , T.F. Stuessy, and D.J. Crawford. 1989. Evolution of Erigeron in the Juan Fernandez Islands: New considerations. Ohio J. Sci. 89: 7. FIELD OF STUDY Major F ield: Botany Studies in Plant Systematica and Island Biology. Professor Tod F. Stuessy and Daniel J. Crawford. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................................... i l l VITA................................................................. V LIST OF TABLES........................................................................ ............................... ix LIST OF FIGURES....................................................... xi INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................ 1 CHAPTER PAGE I . EVOLUTION OF ERIGERON (COMPOSITAE) IN THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS........................................................................... 3 Introduction ...................................................................................... 3 M aterials and Methods .......................................... ......................... 5 Results ................................................................................................ 14 Discussion .......................................................................................... 32 Literature Cited .............................................................................. 50 I I . A NEW SPECIES OF ERIGERON (COMPOSITAE: ASTEREAE) FROM THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS, CHILE............................................ 61 I I I . EVOLUTION OF PEPEROMIA (PIPERACEAE) IN THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS, CHILE............................................................ 67 Introduction ...................................................................................... 67 M aterials and Methods .................................................................... 69 Results ................................................................................................ 90 Disoussion .......................................................................................... 103 References ......................................................................... 125 IV. SYNONYMY IN PEPEROMIA (PIPERACEAE) RESULTS IN BIOLOGICAL DISJUNCTION BETWEEN PACIFIC AND ATLANTIC OCEANS........................ 133 V. A NEW BIOGEOGRAPHIC CONNECTION BETWEEN ISLANDS IN THE ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC OCEANS................................................................ 140 vii APPENDIX A. A new species of Erigeron (Compositae: Astereae) from Chile......................................................................................... 155 LIST OF REFERENCES................................................................................................ 158 viii \ LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE