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De Tout Avec Ben De La Sauce» Community Organizing for Social Housing in an Immigrant Neighbourhood

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De Tout Avec Ben De La Sauce» Community Organizing for Social Housing in an Immigrant Neighbourhood Université de Montréal «De tout avec ben de la sauce» Community Organizing for Social Housing in an immigrant Neighbourhood Par Jill Hanley École de service social Faculté des arts et des sciences Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l’obtention du grade de PhD en Service social Avril 2004 © Jiil Hanley, 2004 cet Université 4h de Montréal Direction des bibliothèques AVIS L’auteur a autorisé l’Université de Montréal à reproduire et diffuser, en totalité ou en partie, par quelque moyen que ce soit et sur quelque support que ce soit, et exclusivement à des fins non lucratives d’enseignement et de recherche, des copies de ce mémoire ou de cette thèse. L’auteur et les coauteurs le cas échéant conservent la propriété du droit d’auteur et des droits moraux qui protègent ce document. Ni la thèse ou le mémoire, ni des extraits substantiels de ce document, ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement reproduits sans l’autorisation de l’auteur. Afin de se conformer à la Loi canadienne sur la protection des renseignements personnels, quelques formulaires secondaires, coordonnées ou signatures intégrées au texte ont pu être enlevés de ce document. Bien que cela ait pu affecter la pagination, il n’y a aucun contenu manquant. NOTICE The author of this thesis or dissertation has granted a nonexciusive license allowing Université de Montréal to reproduce and publish the document, in part or in whole, and in any format, solely for noncommercial educational and research purposes. The author and co-authors if applicable retain copyright ownership and moral rights in this document. Neither the whole thesis or dissertation, nor substantial extracts from it, may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author’s permission. In compliance with the Canadian Privacy Act some supporting forms, contact information or signatures may have been removed from the document. While this may affect the document page count, it does not represent any loss of content from the document. 2 Université de Montréal Faculté des études supérieures Cette thèse intitulée: «De tout avec ben de la sauce»: Community Organizing for Social Housing in an Immigrant Neighbourhood Présentée par: Jiil Hanley A été évaluée par un jury composé des personnes suivantes Président rapporteur Jean-Panet-Raymond, directeur de recherche Eric Shragge, co-directeur de recherche Membre du jury Examinateur externe Représentant du doyen de la FES Résumé Mots clés: action communautaire ; logement social ; immigrants ; &at providence ; politiques sociales Le logement est considéré n drikfîTIin et est lié par la r herche à plusieurs indicateurs sociaux et économiques. Malgré cela, plusieurs nadiens n ont pas et abordable. Le logement social est considéré par les militants pour le logement comme une alternative au marché offrant la possibilité d’augmenter l’équité sociale. Les groupes communautaires, organismes intermédiaires et représentants de l’Etat interagissent sur le logement social en termes de développement et politiques. Cette thèse explore ces relations CO afin de contribuer à l’action communautaire visant à influenceriieT’Eal, en particulier dans les quartiers immigrants. Ces préoccupations autour des politiques du logement social ont donné naissance à deux questions de recherche sur comment les groupes populaires s’organisent pour du logement social et comment les relations entre les acteurs influencent le développement de projets et politiques. 7 Une étude de cas qualitative sur l’action communautaire pour)ement social dans le quartier de Côte-des-Neiges à Montréal était com léte La littérature sur les analyses de i’gtat dans les sociétés capitalistes, I’ at-providence et les politiques de logement a servi comme début. Les traditions d’action communautaire et les modèles qui guident les choix stratégiques et tacti ues ont aussi été examinés afin de créer un cadre conceptuel. Les analyses de 1’ tat libéral et marxiste, les théories des rôles joués par les groupes communautaire face à l’tat et les modèles d’action communautaire en ont été les éléments principaux. Les résultats se basent sur l’observation des entrevues avec 29 individus travaillant dans 22 organismes connectÇâvec la politique ou le développement de logement social à Côte-des-Neiges. La complexité des interactions entre l’tat, les modèles d’action communautaire employés et le contexte dans lequel ils opèrent sont documentés et analysés. Emergeant de;ette constellation d’action, le message est que, étant donné la nature nonmonolithique de l’8tat (Ng, Muller, and Walker 1990), une diversité de tactiques est nécessaire et fructueuse. La stratégie d’action communautaire la plus efficace dans le travail pour le logement social à Côte-des-Neiges est finalement, comme m’a dit une des organisatrices, de mettre en oeuvre « de tout avec ben de la sauce ». 4 Abstract Keywords: community organizing; social housing; immigrants; welfare state; social policy process Access to housing is considered a UN human right and is linked by research to a range of social and economic indicators. Despite this, many Canadians are denied access to decent, appropriate and affordable housing. Social housing is seen by actors in the housing movement as an alternative to the shortfalls of the market. Community groups, intermediary organizations, and representatives of the state interact in a complex process, shaping social housing development and policy. This dissertation explores these relationships in order to contribute to the community organizing that aims to influence social housing, particularly in immigrant neiglibourhoods. These concerns about social housing policy coalesced into questions about liow the relationships between social housing actors influence the development of projects and policy and how community groups organise to have an impact. A qualitative case study of Montreal’s Côte-des-Neiges neighbourhood was used in order to address these questions. Literature on analyses of the state in capitalist societies, the welfare state and housing policy was used as a backdrop. The traditions of community organizing and the different models that guide community groups’ choices of strategies and tactics were also consulted in order to develop a conceptual framework. Liberal and Marxist analyses of the state, theories about roles played by community groups in relation to the state and the models of community organizing were the principal elements. Findings were based on observation and interviews with 29 individuals working in 22 different organizations or agencies that are connected to social housing development and policy for Côte-des-Neiges. The complexity of the interactions between organizational characte(tlie roles they play in relation to the state, the community organizing models tliey employ and the context in which they operate is documented are analyzed. Emerging from the constellation of different actors, organizing approaclies and roles, is the message that, given the non-monolithic of the state (Ng et al. 1990), a diversity of tactics is necessary and useful. The most effective community organizing strategy in working for social housing in Côte des-Neiges lias proven to be, as I was told by one organizer, “de tout avec ben de la sauce”! ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ “De tout avec ben de la sauce! “: Community Organizing for Social Housing in an Immigrant Neighbourhood Résumé 3 Abstract 4 List of Tables 11 List of acronyms 12 Dedication 14 Acknowledgements 15 CHAPTER 1: Introduction 16 Why look at social housing? 16 Why look at community organizing? 1$ Why look at immigrant neighbourhoods?_________________________________ 19 20 Objectives of this research My connection to this topic______________________________________________ 21 23 Contents of this thesis CHAPTER 2: Social Housiizg a,zd the Welfare State in Canada and Quebec _25 Theories of the state 26 Liberal theories of the state 27 Marxist analysis of the capitalist state 31 Welfare State Theory and the Canadian Experience 34 The rise of the welfare state____________________________________________________ 35 Welfare state retrenchment 41 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6 The welfare state in the face of globalization 45 Social Housing as Social Policy 46 Housing as a Social Good or Housing as a Market Commodity?_______________ 48 Defining ‘Social Housing’_______________________________________________ 50 Varying perceptions of social housing_______________________________________ 53 Experience of social
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