Melanism in Biston (Lepidoptera
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1 General Introduction
1 General Introduction If the karate-ka (student) shall walk the true path, first he will cast aside all preference. Tatsuo Shimabuku, Grand Master of Isshin-ryu Karate 1.1 The Importance of Insects ~30% of the plants we grow for food and materials. Because of their great numbers and diversity, insects Insects transmit some of these pathogens. While have a considerable impact on human life and indus- weeds can often reduce pest attack, they can also try, particularly away from cities and in the tropics. harbour the pest’s enemies or provide alternative On the positive side they form a large and irreplace- resources for the pest itself. Then in storage, insects, able part of the ecosystem, especially as pollinators mites, rodents and fungi cause a further 30% loss. of fruit and vegetable crops and, of course, many Apart from such biotic damage, severe physical con- wild plants (Section 8.2.1). They also have a place ditions such as drought, storms and flooding cause in soil formation (Section 8.2.4) and are being used additional losses. For example, under ideal field increasingly in ‘greener’ methods of pest control. conditions new wheat varieties (e.g. Agnote and Biological control using insects as predators and Humber) would give yields of ~16 tonnes/ha, but parasites of pest insects has been developed in the produce typically about half this under good hus- West for over a century, and much longer in China. bandry. Pre-harvest destruction due only to insects More recently integrated pest management (IPM) is 10–13% (Pimentel et al., 1984; Thacker, 2002). -
Looper Caterpillar- a Threat to Tea and Its Management
Circular No. 132 September 2010 Looper Caterpillar- a Threat to Tea and its Management By Dr. Mainuddin Ahmed Chief Scientific Officer Department of Pest Management & Mohammad Shameem Al Mamun Scientific Officer Entomology Division BANGLADESH TEA RESEARCH INSTITUTE SRIMANGAL-3210, MOULVIBAZAR An Organ of BANGLADESH TEA BOARD 171-172, BAIZID BOSTAMI ROAD NASIRABAD, CHITTAGONG Foreword Tea plant is subjected to the attack of pests and diseases. Tea pests are localized in tea growing area. In tea, today one is a minor and tomorrow it may be a major pest. Generally Looper caterpillar is a minor pest of tea. Actually it is a major shade tree pest. But now-a-days it is a major pest of tea in some areas. Already some of the tea estates faced the problem arising out of this pest. Under favourable environmental conditions it becomes a serious pest of tea and can cause substantial crop loss. The circular has covered almost all aspects of the pest ornately with significant information, which will be practically useful in managing the caterpillar. Particular emphasis has been given on Mechanical control option as a component of IPM strategies. With timely adoption and implementation of highlighted information in this circular, planters will be able to manage the caterpillar more efficiently in a cost-effective, environment friendly and sustainable way. September 2010 Mukul Jyoti Dutta Director in-charge Looper Caterpillar- a Threat to Tea and its Management Introduction The looper caterpillar, Biston suppressaria Guen. is one of the major defoliating pests of tea plantation in North-East India, causing heavy crop losses. -
Bosco Palazzi
SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología ISSN: 0300-5267 ISSN: 2340-4078 [email protected] Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología España Bella, S; Parenzan, P.; Russo, P. Diversity of the Macrolepidoptera from a “Bosco Palazzi” area in a woodland of Quercus trojana Webb., in southeastern Murgia (Apulia region, Italy) (Insecta: Lepidoptera) SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología, vol. 46, no. 182, 2018, April-June, pp. 315-345 Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología España Available in: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45559600012 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Journal's webpage in redalyc.org Portugal Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative SHILAP Revta. lepid., 46 (182) junio 2018: 315-345 eISSN: 2340-4078 ISSN: 0300-5267 Diversity of the Macrolepidoptera from a “Bosco Palazzi” area in a woodland of Quercus trojana Webb., in southeastern Murgia (Apulia region, Italy) (Insecta: Lepidoptera) S. Bella, P. Parenzan & P. Russo Abstract This study summarises the known records of the Macrolepidoptera species of the “Bosco Palazzi” area near the municipality of Putignano (Apulia region) in the Murgia mountains in southern Italy. The list of species is based on historical bibliographic data along with new material collected by other entomologists in the last few decades. A total of 207 species belonging to the families Cossidae (3 species), Drepanidae (4 species), Lasiocampidae (7 species), Limacodidae (1 species), Saturniidae (2 species), Sphingidae (5 species), Brahmaeidae (1 species), Geometridae (55 species), Notodontidae (5 species), Nolidae (3 species), Euteliidae (1 species), Noctuidae (96 species), and Erebidae (24 species) were identified. -
CHECKLIST of WISCONSIN MOTHS (Superfamilies Mimallonoidea, Drepanoidea, Lasiocampoidea, Bombycoidea, Geometroidea, and Noctuoidea)
WISCONSIN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 6 JUNE 2018 CHECKLIST OF WISCONSIN MOTHS (Superfamilies Mimallonoidea, Drepanoidea, Lasiocampoidea, Bombycoidea, Geometroidea, and Noctuoidea) Leslie A. Ferge,1 George J. Balogh2 and Kyle E. Johnson3 ABSTRACT A total of 1284 species representing the thirteen families comprising the present checklist have been documented in Wisconsin, including 293 species of Geometridae, 252 species of Erebidae and 584 species of Noctuidae. Distributions are summarized using the six major natural divisions of Wisconsin; adult flight periods and statuses within the state are also reported. Examples of Wisconsin’s diverse native habitat types in each of the natural divisions have been systematically inventoried, and species associated with specialized habitats such as peatland, prairie, barrens and dunes are listed. INTRODUCTION This list is an updated version of the Wisconsin moth checklist by Ferge & Balogh (2000). A considerable amount of new information from has been accumulated in the 18 years since that initial publication. Over sixty species have been added, bringing the total to 1284 in the thirteen families comprising this checklist. These families are estimated to comprise approximately one-half of the state’s total moth fauna. Historical records of Wisconsin moths are relatively meager. Checklists including Wisconsin moths were compiled by Hoy (1883), Rauterberg (1900), Fernekes (1906) and Muttkowski (1907). Hoy's list was restricted to Racine County, the others to Milwaukee County. Records from these publications are of historical interest, but unfortunately few verifiable voucher specimens exist. Unverifiable identifications and minimal label data associated with older museum specimens limit the usefulness of this information. Covell (1970) compiled records of 222 Geometridae species, based on his examination of specimens representing at least 30 counties. -
Biston Betularia (Geometridae)
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 49(1), 1995, 88-91 MELANISM HAS NOT EVOLVED IN JAPANESE BISTON BETULARIA (GEOMETRIDAE) Additional key words: peppered moth, form "carbonaria." No example of natural selection in Lepidoptera is more widely recognized than in dustrial melanism in Biston betu/aria (L.) (Geometridae). In Britain, the common name for the species is the peppered moth because the typical, pale adult is covered with white scales mottled with black splotches. It was the only form known until 1848 when the first melanic variant was discovered near Manchester, England. By the turn of the century about 98% of Manchester B. betu/aria populations were melanic, or "carbonaria" as the jet-black morph came to be known. Similar changes were recorded in the vicinities of other industrial cities throughout Britain. The primary reason for the rise in frequency of the carbona ria form was its enhanced cry psis in polluted woodlands blackened by industrial soot. Against the darker backgrounds, paler morphs were more conspicuous to predators. Because the replacements of paler forms by melanic variants coincided with the industrialization of various regions, the phenomenon was dubbed industrial melanism. For the most comprehensive review of the early history of industrial melanism in Biston betu/aria and other lepidopteran species, see Kettlewell (1973). Just over a century after the first melanic B. betu/aria was reported, the British gov ernment legislated the Clean Air Acts to enforce smokeless zones. Since that time Sir Cyril Clarke has documented a dramatic decline in the frequency of carbonaria from 93% to 23% between 1959 through 1993 on the Wirral Peninsula, just south of Liverpool (Clarke et al. -
The Peppered Moth and Industrial Melanism: Evolution of a Natural Selection Case Study
Heredity (2013) 110, 207–212 & 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 0018-067X/13 www.nature.com/hdy REVIEW The peppered moth and industrial melanism: evolution of a natural selection case study LM Cook1 and IJ Saccheri2 From the outset multiple causes have been suggested for changes in melanic gene frequency in the peppered moth Biston betularia and other industrial melanic moths. These have included higher intrinsic fitness of melanic forms and selective predation for camouflage. The possible existence and origin of heterozygote advantage has been debated. From the 1950s, as a result of experimental evidence, selective predation became the favoured explanation and is undoubtedly the major factor driving the frequency change. However, modelling and monitoring of declining melanic frequencies since the 1970s indicate either that migration rates are much higher than existing direct estimates suggested or else, or in addition, non-visual selection has a role. Recent molecular work on genetics has revealed that the melanic (carbonaria) allele had a single origin in Britain, and that the locus is orthologous to a major wing patterning locus in Heliconius butterflies. New methods of analysis should supply further information on the melanic system and on migration that will complete our understanding of this important example of rapid evolution. Heredity (2013) 110, 207–212; doi:10.1038/hdy.2012.92; published online 5 December 2012 Keywords: Biston betularia; carbonaria gene; mutation; predation; non-visual selection; migration INTRODUCTION EARLY EVIDENCE OF CHANGE The peppered moth Biston betularia (L.) and its melanic mutant will The peppered moth was the most diagrammatic example of the be familiar to readers of Heredity as an example of rapid evolutionary phenomenon of industrial melanism that came to be recognised in change brought about by natural selection in a changing environment, industrial and smoke-blackened parts of England in the mid-nine- evenifthedetailsofthestoryarenot.Infact,thedetailsarelesssimple teenth century. -
Beginner S Guide to Moths of the Midwest Geometers
0LGZHVW5HJLRQ86$ %HJLQQHU V*XLGHWR0RWKVRIWKH0LGZHVW*HRPHWHUV $QJHOOD0RRUHKRXVH ,OOLQRLV1DWXUH3UHVHUYH&RPPLVVLRQ Photos: Angella Moorehouse ([email protected]). Produced by: Angella Moorehouse with the assistance of Alicia Diaz, Field Museum. Identification assistance provided by: multiple sources (inaturalist.org; bugguide.net) )LHOG0XVHXP &&%<1&/LFHQVHGZRUNVDUHIUHHWRXVHVKDUHUHPL[ZLWKDWWULEXWLRQEXWFRPPHUFLDOXVHRIWKHRULJLQDOZRUN LVQRWSHUPLWWHG >ILHOGJXLGHVILHOGPXVHXPRUJ@>@YHUVLRQ $ERXWWKH%(*,11(5¶6027+62)7+(0,':(67*8,'(6 Most photos were taken in west-central and central Illinois; a fewDUH from eastern Iowa and north-central Wisconsin. Nearly all were posted to identification websites: BugGuide.netDQG iNaturalist.org. Identification help was provided by Aaron Hunt, Steve Nanz, John and Jane Balaban, Chris Grinter, Frank Hitchell, Jason Dombroskie, William H. Taft, Jim Wiker,DQGTerry Harrison as well as others contributing to the websites. Attempts were made to obtain expert verifications for all photos to the field identification level, however, there will be errors. Please contact the author with all corrections Additional assistance was provided by longtime Lepidoptera survey partner, Susan Hargrove. The intention of these guides is to provide the means to compare photographs of living specimens of related moths from the Midwest to aid the citizen scientists with identification in the field for Bio Blitz, Moth-ers Day, and other night lighting events. A taxonomic list to all the species featured is provided at the end along with some field identification tips. :(%6,7(63529,',1*,'(17,),&$7,21,1)250$7,21 BugGuide.net LNaturalist.org Mothphotographersgroup.msstate.edu Insectsofiowa.org centralillinoisinsects.org/weblog/resources/ :+,&+027+*8,'(7286( The moths were split into 6 groups for the purposes of creating smaller guides focusing on similar features of 1 or more superfamilies. -
Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 139:A review 45–96 (2011)of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China... 45 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species Nan Jiang1,2,†, Dayong Xue1,‡, Hongxiang Han1,§ 1 Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China † urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:F09E9F50-5E54-40FE-8C04-3CEA6565446B ‡ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:BBEC2B15-1EEE-40C4-90B0-EB6B116F2AED § urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:1162241D-772E-4668-BAA3-F7E0AFBE21EE Corresponding author: Hongxiang Han ([email protected]) Academic editor: A.Hausmann | Received 26 March 2011 | Accepted 15 August 2011 | Published 25 October 2011 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F505D74E-1098-473D-B7DE-0ED283297B4F Citation: Jiang N, Xue D, Han H (2011) A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species. ZooKeys 139: 45–96. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 Abstract The genus Biston Leach, 1815 is reviewed for China. Seventeen species are recognized, of which B. me- diolata sp. n. is described. B. pustulata (Warren, 1896) and B. panterinaria exanthemata (Moore, 1888) are newly recorded for China. The following new synonyms are established: B. suppressaria suppressaria (Guenée, 1858) (= B. suppressaria benescripta (Prout, 1915), syn. n. = B. luculentus Inoue, 1992 syn. n.); B. falcata (Warren, 1893) (= Amphidasis erilda Oberthür, 1910, syn. -
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 162 (2021) 107198
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 162 (2021) 107198 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography and diversification patterns of a diverse group of moths (Geometridae: Boarmiini) a,b,* c d ~ e,f g Leidys Murillo-Ramos , Nicolas Chazot , Pasi Sihvonen , Erki Ounap , Nan Jiang , Hongxiang Han g, John T. Clarke e,h, Robert B. Davis e, Toomas Tammaru e, Niklas Wahlberg a a Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden b Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Sucre, Sucre, Colombia c Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden d Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, Finland e Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia f Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia g Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China h Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska, Torun,´ Poland ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Understanding how and why some groups have become more species-rich than others, and how past biogeog Lepidoptera raphy may have shaped their current distribution, are questions that evolutionary biologists have long attempted polyphagyPolyphagy to answer. We investigated diversification patterns and historical biogeography of a hyperdiverse lineage of female flightlessness Lepidoptera, the geometrid moths, by studying its most species-rich tribe Boarmiini, which comprises ca. 200 boarmiines genera and ca. known 3000 species. We inferred the evolutionary relationships of Boarmiini based on a dataset of Cleora Biston 346 taxa, with up to eight genetic markers under a maximum likelihood approach. -
© Амурский Зоологический Журнал II(4), 2010. 303-321 © Amurian
© Амурский зоологический журнал II(4), 2010. 303-321 УДК 595.785 © Amurian zoological journal II(4), 2010. 303-321 ПЯДЕНИЦЫ (INSECTA, LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) БОЛЬШЕХЕХЦИРСКОГО ЗАПОВЕДНИ- КА (ОКРЕСТНОСТИ ХАБАРОВСКА) Е.А. Беляев1, С.В. Василенко2, В.В. Дубатолов2, А.М. Долгих3 [Belyaev E.A., Vasilenko S.V., Dubatolov V.V., Dolgikh A.M. Geometer moths (Insecta, Lepidoptera: Geometridae) of the Bolshekhekhtsirskii Nature Reserve (Khabarovsk suburbs)] 1Биолого-почвенный институт ДВО РАН, пр. Сто лет Владивостоку, 159, Владивосток, 690022, Россия. E-mail: beljaev@ibss. dvo.ru 1Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 Let Vladivostoku, 159, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia. E-mail: [email protected]. 2Сибирский зоологический музей, Институт систематики и экологии животных СО РАН, ул. Фрунзе 11, Новосибирск, 630091, Россия. E-mail: [email protected]. 2Siberian Zoological Museum, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Frunze str. 11, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia. E-mail: [email protected]. 3Большехехцирский заповедник, ул. Юбилейная 8, пос. Бычиха, Хабаровский район, Хабаровский край, 680502, Россия. E-mail: [email protected]. 3Nature Reserve Bolshekhekhtsyrskii, Yubileinaya street 8, Bychikha, Khabarovsk District, Khabarovskii Krai, 680502, Russia. E-mail: [email protected]. Ключевые слова: Пяденицы,Geometridae, Большехехцирский заповедник, Хехцир, Хабаровск Key words: Geometer moths,Geometridae, Khekhtsyr, Khabarovsk, Russian Far East Резюме. Приводится 328 видов семейства Geometridae, собранных в Большехехцирском заповеднике. Среди них 34 вида впер- вые указаны для территории Хабаровского края. Summary. 328 Geometridae species were collected in the Bolshekhekhtsirskii Nature Reserve, 34 of them are recorded from Khabarovskii Krai for the first time. Большехехцирский заповедник, организованный в вершинным склонам среднегорья. -
Plum Island Biodiversity Inventory
Plum Island Biodiversity Inventory New York Natural Heritage Program Plum Island Biodiversity Inventory Established in 1985, the New York Natural Heritage NY Natural Heritage also houses iMapInvasives, an Program (NYNHP) is a program of the State University of online tool for invasive species reporting and data New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry management. (SUNY ESF). Our mission is to facilitate conservation of NY Natural Heritage has developed two notable rare animals, rare plants, and significant ecosystems. We online resources: Conservation Guides include the accomplish this mission by combining thorough field biology, identification, habitat, and management of many inventories, scientific analyses, expert interpretation, and the of New York’s rare species and natural community most comprehensive database on New York's distinctive types; and NY Nature Explorer lists species and biodiversity to deliver the highest quality information for communities in a specified area of interest. natural resource planning, protection, and management. The program is an active participant in the The Program is funded by grants and contracts from NatureServe Network – an international network of government agencies whose missions involve natural biodiversity data centers overseen by a Washington D.C. resource management, private organizations involved in based non-profit organization. There are currently land protection and stewardship, and both government and Natural Heritage Programs or Conservation Data private organizations interested in advancing the Centers in all 50 states and several interstate regions. conservation of biodiversity. There are also 10 programs in Canada, and many NY Natural Heritage is housed within NYS DEC’s participating organizations across 12 Latin and South Division of Fish, Wildlife & Marine Resources. -
Moths of the Kingston Study Area
Moths of the Kingston Study Area Last updated 30 July 2015 by Mike Burrell This checklist contains the 783 species known to have occurred within the Kingston Study. Major data sources include KFN bioblitzes, an earlier version created by Gary Ure (2013) and the Queen’s University Biological Station list by Kit Muma (2008). For information about contributing your sightings or to download the latest version of this checklist, please visit: http://kingstonfieldnaturalists.org/moths/moths.html Contents Superfamily: Tineoidea .................................................................................................................................................... 5 Family: Tineidae ........................................................................................................................................................... 5 Subfamily: Tineinae .................................................................................................................................................. 5 Family: Psychidae ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Subfamily: Psychinae ................................................................................................................................................ 5 Superfamily: Gracillarioidea ............................................................................................................................................. 5 Family: Gracillariidae ...................................................................................................................................................