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Odkaz a Výběr Z Partií Nejlepších Československých Šachových Hráčů

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Odkaz a Výběr Z Partií Nejlepších Československých Šachových Hráčů UNIVERZITA PARDUBICE FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA Odkaz a výběr z partií nejlepších československých šachových hráčů Bc. Kateřina Rošková Diplomová práce 2020 Prohlášení Prohlašuji: Tuto práci jsem vypracovala samostatně. Veškeré literární prameny a informace, které jsem v práci využila, jsou uvedeny v seznamu použité literatury. Byla jsem seznámena s tím, že se na moji práci vztahují práva a povinnosti vyplývající ze zákona č. 121/2000 Sb., o právu autorském, o právech souvisejících s právem autorským a o změně některých zákonů (autorský zákon), ve znění pozdějších předpisů, zejména se skutečností, že Univerzita Pardubice má právo na uzavření licenční smlouvy o užití této práce jako školního díla podle § 60 odst. 1 autorského zákona, a s tím, že pokud dojde k užití této práce mnou nebo bude poskytnuta licence o užití jinému subjektu, je Univerzita Pardubice oprávněna ode mne požadovat přiměřený příspěvek na úhradu nákladů, které na vytvoření díla vynaložila, a to podle okolností až do jejich skutečné výše. Beru na vědomí, že v souladu s § 47b zákona č. 111/1998 Sb., o vysokých školách a o změně a doplnění dalších zákonů (zákon o vysokých školách), ve znění pozdějších předpisů, a směrnicí Univerzity Pardubice č. 7/2019 Pravidla pro odevzdávání, zveřejňování a formální úpravu závěrečných prací, ve znění pozdějších dodatků, bude práce zveřejněna prostřednictvím Digitální knihovny Univerzity Pardubice. V Pardubicích dne 20. 4. 2020 Poděkování Poděkování patří vedoucí práce Mgr. Heleně Pochobradské Ph.D. za podporu při zpracování dalšího šachového tématu, za spolupráci, trpělivost, vstřícnost a ochotu při psaní této diplomové práce. Dále děkuji za podporu mému manželovi a trenérovi FM Ing. Lubošovi Roškovi, který se mnou sdílí znalosti a zkušenosti ze šachové hry již 11 let a který mi při psaní diplomové práce pomáhal vydat se správným směrem. Anotace Tato diplomová práce se zabývá životem nejlepších československých šachistů a šachistek. Zkoumá jejich osobní i profesionální život, včetně ohlasů v zahraničí. Představuje jejich největší úspěchy v mezinárodních turnajích, na šachových olympiádách a zápasech o titul mistra světa. Porovnává jejich výkonnost s nejlepšími hráči světa. V diplomové práci jsou vybrány nejlepší šachové partie jednotlivých československých hráčů a hráček. Klíčová slova Šachy, šachová historie, Československo, šachoví hráči, nejlepší čeští a slovenští hráči, šachové partie Title Legacy and selection of chess games of the best Czechoslovak chess players Annotation This diploma thesis deals with the life of the best Czechoslovak chess players. It explores their personal and professional lives, including responses abroad. It represents their greatest achievements in international tournaments, chess olympiads and world championship matches. It compares their performance with chess world champions. In the thesis are selected the best chess games of individual Czechoslovak players. Keywords Chess, history of chess, Czechoslovakia, chess players, the best Czechoslovak chess players, the best Czech and Slovak chess players, chess games Obsah 1. Úvod .......................................................................................................... 1 2. Mistři světa a jejich vliv na československý šach ................................. 2 2.1 Wilhelm Steinitz (1836-1900) .......................................................................................... 5 2.2 Emanuel Lasker (1868-1941) ........................................................................................... 6 2.3 José Raoúl Capablanca (1888-1942) ................................................................................ 6 2.4 Alexandr Aljechin (1892-1946)........................................................................................ 7 2.5 Max Euwe (1901-1981) .................................................................................................... 8 2.6 Michail Botvinnik (1911-1995) ........................................................................................ 8 2.7 Vasilij Smyslov (1921-2010)............................................................................................ 9 2.8 Michail Tal (1936-1992) ................................................................................................ 10 2.9 Tigran Petrosjan (1929-1984) ......................................................................................... 10 2.10 Boris Spasskij (1937) .................................................................................................... 11 2.11. Robert James Fischer (1943-2008) .............................................................................. 11 2.12 Anatolij Karpov (1951) ................................................................................................ 12 2.13 Garry Kasparov (1963) ................................................................................................. 13 2.14 Vladimír Kramnik (1975) ............................................................................................. 14 2.15 Viswanathan Anand (1969) .......................................................................................... 14 2.16 Magnus Carlsen (1990) ................................................................................................ 15 3. Českoslovenští šachisté na cestě k titulu mistru světa ....................... 16 3.1 Mistrem světa v období do první světové války ............................................................. 17 3.2 Mistrem světa v období po druhé světové válce ............................................................. 20 Cyklus mistrovství světa 1948-1951 ............................................................................... 22 Cyklus mistrovství světa 1952-1954 ............................................................................... 22 Cyklus mistrovství světa 1954-1957 ............................................................................... 23 Cyklus mistrovství světa 1958-1960 ............................................................................... 24 Cyklus mistrovství světa 1961-1963 ............................................................................... 24 Cyklus mistrovství světa 1963-1966 ............................................................................... 25 Cyklus mistrovství světa 1966-1969 ............................................................................... 26 Cyklus mistrovství světa 1969-1972 ............................................................................... 26 Cyklus mistrovství světa 1972-1975 ............................................................................... 27 Cyklus mistrovství světa 1975-1978 ............................................................................... 27 3.3 Mistrem světa v současnosti ........................................................................................... 29 4. Nejlepší českoslovenští šachisté ............................................................ 33 4.1 GM Oldřich Duras (1882-1957) ..................................................................................... 33 4.2 Richard Réti (1889-1929) ............................................................................................... 37 4.3 IM Karel Opočenský (1892-1975) ................................................................................. 40 4.4 GM Salo Flohr (1908-1983) ........................................................................................... 43 4.5 GM Luděk Pachman (1924-2003) .................................................................................. 46 4.6 GM Miroslav Filip (1928-2009) ..................................................................................... 51 4.7 GM Vlastimil Jansa (1942) ............................................................................................. 54 4.8 GM Lubomír Kaválek (1943) ......................................................................................... 59 4.9 GM Vlastimil Hort (1944) .............................................................................................. 63 4.10 GM Jan Smejkal (1946) ................................................................................................ 67 4.11 GM Karel Mokrý (1959) .............................................................................................. 70 4.12 GM Marek Vokáč (1958) ............................................................................................. 72 5. Nejlepší čeští šachisté ............................................................................ 76 5.1 GM David Navara (1985) ............................................................................................... 76 5.2 GM Sergei Movsesian (1978)......................................................................................... 80 5.3 GM Viktor Láznička (1988) ........................................................................................... 83 6. Nejlepší československé šachistky ........................................................ 85 6.1 Věra Menčíková (1906-1944) ........................................................................................ 85 6.2 WGM Květoslava Eretová (1926) .................................................................................. 88 6.3 WGM Eliška Richtrová (1959) ....................................................................................... 92 7. Mistrovství Československa ................................................................. 96 8. Šachové olympiády a úspěchy
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