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The United States and Japanese Counterpart Panels on Aquaculture

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The United States and Japanese Counterpart Panels on Aquaculture PREFACE TheUnited States and Japanese counterpart panels onaquaculture wereformed in 1969 under the UnitedStates-Japan Cooperative Program inNatural Resources UJNR! The panels currently include specialistsdrawnfrom the government andacadeinic departinents mostconcerned withaquaculture- Chargedwith exploring anddeveloping bilateral cooperation, thepanels have focused their efforts on exchanginginformation related to aquaculture thatcould be of benefittoboth countries. TheUJNR was begun during theThird Cabinet Level Meeting ofthe Joint United States-Japan CommitteeonTrade and Economic Affairsin January 1964,ln addition toaquaculture, currentsubjects in theprogram include toxicmicroorganisms, airpollution, energy, forage crops, national parkmanagement, rnycoplasmosis,windand seismic effects, protein resources, forestry, andseveral joint panels and corninitteesin marine resolve research, development, andutilization. Accomplishmentsiticlude:increased communication andcooperation amongtechnical specialists; exchangesofinformation, data,and research findings; annual meetings ofthe panel, a policy-coordinating body;administrative staffmeetings; exchanges ofequipment, materials, andsamples; several major technicalconferences; andbeneficial effects of internationalrelations. The26th U.S.-Japan Aquaculture PanelSyinposium washeld in Durham, New Hampshire, from16- 18September ] 997. Following thesyrnposiuin, fieldtrips during a seven-day period included theareas of Portsmouth,NewHainpshire; andBar Harbor, Eastport, Camden, and Boothbay Harbor, Maine. T' he syrnposiurnwasorganized byprogram chair Anne Bucklin, Sea Grant Director; Hunt Howell, Professor of Zoology;and Roll ie Barnaby, Sea Grant Extension Officer, atthe University of New Hampshire. Panel Chairmen: JamesP. McVey, UnitedStates Yukio Uekita,Japan Participantsin the 26th UJXR AquaculturePanel Symposium, held in Durham,New Hampshire,U.S.A., September16-18, 1997. CONTENTS /. GeneralAquaculture G. Nardi Research in Flatfish Culture in the Northern United States T. Seikai JapaneseHounder Seed Production from Quantity to Quality W. I., Rickards SustainableHounder Culture and Fisheries: A Regional 17 ApproachInvolving Rhode Island, New Hampshire,Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina T. I, J. Smith Tank andPond Nursery Productionof JuvenileSouthern Flounder, 21 W. E. Jenkins Paralichthyslethostigma M. R. Denson III. Hea th Management G. Birnbaum Licensingand Regulation of VeterinaryBiologics for Fishin theUnited States 33 N. Iwata Effectsof RearingConditions on BlindSide Hypermelanosis in K. Kikuchi JapaneseFlounder S. H, Jones Microbiologyof Early Larval Stagesof SurnrnerFlounder Paralichthys 45 B. Summer-Brason dentatasGrowth in a RecirculatingWater System G. Nardi II/, Nutrition I H. Furuita NutritionalRequireinents in BroodstockMarine Fishes N. Ohkubo SequentialUtilization of FreeAmino Acids, Yolk Protein, and Lipids by 61 T. Matsubara DevelopingEmbryos and Larvae in BarfinHounder Verasper moseri N, J. King Ef'fectsof Microalgaeand Live Diet Type on the Growth of First-Feeding 67 W. H, Howell Winter Flounder, Pieuronectes americanus T. Kurokawa DevelopmentalProcess of DigestiveOrgans and their Functions in Japanese 79 T. Suzuki Flounder, Parali chthys oli vaceus I. Oohara A/E RatioProfiles of the EssentialAmino Acid Requirements 85 T. Akiyama Among VariousFinfish Species T. Yamamoto IV. AlarineStock Fnhranc<rnenf I H. Fushimi DevelopingaStock Enhancement Program Based onArtificial Seedlings; 95 Activitiesof the Japanese Sea-Farming Association JASFA! in the est Decade Y, Ohsaka Effectsof Coveringa Tidal Flat with Sand for Stock Enhancement of 105 Y. Koshiishi To>guefish:A FeasibihtyStudy at AriakeSound in Kyushu,Japan T. Murai ~spec s in StockEnhancement of Japanese Flounder Y. Koshiishi M, N. Wilder Reproductive Mechanismsin Macrobrachiumrosenbergii and Penaeus 125 J~rricns: Endocrino!ogicalResearch and Potential Applications in Aquaculture K. Adachi Primary ProductivityofSandy Shores 137 K. Kirnoto J. Higano T. Nakasone Nutrient Concentrationsin Groundwater Through Sandy Beaches 149 K Adachi T. Takeuchi J, Higano H. Yagi V. Nu rition II M. Yokoyama C'ysteineMetabolism in Rainbow Trout 159 N, King Effect of StockingDensity on the Growth and Survival of 173 H. Howell Larval andJuvenile Sununer Flounder, Paralichrhys dentafns E. Fairchild A, Kanazawa 1trtportanceof DietaryLipids in Flatfish 181 H. V. Daniels Effectsof LowSalinity on Growth and Survival of SouthernFlounder, 187 R. Borski ~~<alichrhys Iethostigraa,Larvae and Juveniles M. B. Rust An 1 tItageAnalysis Approach toDetermine Microparticulate F~ 193 F. T. Barrows Acceptabilityby LarvalFish VI. Engineeringfor Open OceanAqttacttlture M, R. Swift FishCage Physical Modeling for SoftwareDevelopment M. Palczynski andDesign Applications K. Kestler D. Michelin B. Cclikkol M. Gosz N. Takagi Creationof OffshoreAquaculture Gmund by FloatingBreakwater 207 R. W. Dudley AWATS: A Net-Pen AquacultureWaste Transport Simulator 215 V. Panchang for Management Purposes C. R. Newell S. Kawamata EngineeringTechniques for Enhancetnentof NearshoreRocky Habitats 229 for Sea Urchinand Abalone Aquaculture B, Bragittton-Smith DesignCottcepts for Integrationof OpenOcean Aquaculture 239 R. H. Messier andOSPREY~ Technology K. Takayanagi WaterQuality Guidelines for Aquaculture:An Examplein Japan 247 K. C. Baldwin Marine Mammal Gear Interactions; Problems, Acoustic Mitigation 255 S. Krauss Strategies,Open Water Aquaculture J. S. Goldstein North AmericanLobster Culture Hontarusamericanus!, Hatchery 263 Methods,and Techniques: A Toolfor Marine Stock Enhancement? K. Kikuchi BlueMussels in theDiet of JuvenileJapanese Flounder VII Sttmrnaryof Panel Discussion D.Bengston Summary ofthe Panel Discussion onCulture Held at the 275 ConclusionoftheUJNR Aquaculture Panel's Scientific Symposium in Durham,New Hampshire, USA, 1 8September 1997 VIII. Acknowledgments IX. Appendix Conference Attendees 278 RESEARCH IN FLATFISH CULTURE IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES GeorgeC. Nardi GreatBayAquafarms, lnc. 153 Gosling Road Portsmouth, NH 03801 e-tnai1:GAquafartn@ao].corn ABSTRACT Althoughflatfish have been commercially cultured for oversdecade in Europeand Asia, theu culture in North Americahas only recentlybeen cornmercitdized. The commercialization of Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippogirrssasand summer flounder Paraii chrhys dear artss culture followed years of collaborativeeffort between industryand university researchers. Other important flatfish species are being evaluated for commercialculture throughoutthe region, including winter flounder Pteuronecres americanas, witch flounder Glyprocephaias cynogiosstrs,snd yellowtai! flounder Pieuronecres ferrrrginea, Juvenfle production continues to beao impedi- tnentto commercialization.Commercial on-growing strategies include both net pen and land-based rank culture systems, INTRODUCTION 10, 20, 30, and60 larvaeJL,and weaning diet proteincontents of 45, 50,and 55%, Muchof this Stunmer flounder PandicIsthygdeggtatug NRAC-sponsoredresearch is beingundertaken at Researchis underwayin New Hampshire, GBA. Massachusetts,Rhode!sland, Connecticut,and GreatBayAquafanns, the New Hampshire New York. Cotnmercialproduction was begun in Industrial ResearchCenter NHIRC!, Sea Grant, New Hampshirein 1995,Massachusetts and New NRAC, and the Electric Power Research Insti- York in 1997, and is slated for 1998 in Rhode Is- tute EPRI! havecooperatively funded a number land. Much of the researchin New Hampshire of researchprojects. The NHIRC research in- has taken place at the University of New cludesmicrobiology and veterinary diagnostics, Hampshire's UNH! CoastalMarine Laboratory wastewater characterization and effluent treatment andat GreatBayAquafarms, Inc. GBA!, a corn- design,«nd thermal engineering to capturethe mercial hatchery. UNH researchhas beensup- waste heat of a utility for heating the seawater portedby both the U.S. Department of Conurterce's andair. UNH SeaGrant and GBA are workingto NationalOceanic and Atmospheric Adxninistratiotr identifyand develop a probioticapproach for early NOAA!/National Marine Fisheries Service larvalrearing in order to increase survival and limit NMFS! Saltonstall-KennedyIndustry Grants Pro- Pathogenhabitation of theculture environment or gram S-K! andthe U.S. Departmentof Agricul- larvalgut, In addition,UNH SeaGrant research- ture Northeast Regional Aquaculture Center ers are workingwith GBA to identifygenetically NRAC! The S- K work investigatedsubstrate superiorbroodstock by trackingthe performance colorprefcrcnces and effect on pigmentation,ju- of individual families raised in a cotnmonenviron- venile stockingdensities as a percentageof bot- rnent. The EPRI fundingassisted in the develop- totncoverage 00, 150, and 200%!, feed prefer- rnentof a commercialscale grow-out dernonstra- ences,growth performance, and use of a recircu- tion systemwhere research is beingundertaken to latingseawater system. The NRAC researchin- evaluatethe perfonnanceof alternaterecirculat- vestigatedthe efficacy of natural spawningvs. inglife support systems, specifically the biofilters, hormonalinducement, larval stocking densities at One bioft!ter is a fluidize sandbed, the other is a 92:jÃRTccbnical Report 'bio. 24 plasticmedia submcrgcd inan aerated tank, This moneon larval deve]opmcnt andsurvival, hormonal researchis alsoassisting in thcengineering of a influencesondeveloping embryos, optimal culture land-ha»cdtank farm heing planned for GBA. This environmentconditions, marketing, economics, and demonstrationfarm
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