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FOUNDERS Ph.D., Chairman Emeritus George F. Bass, ◊ NAUTICAL ARCHAEOLOGY PROGRAM Jack W. Kelley ◊ FACULTY, TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY John Baird † Michael Katzev † Deborah N. Carlson, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Sara W. and George O. Yamini Fellow OFFICERS/ADMINISTRATION Luis Filipe Vieira de Castro, Ph.D. Ph.D., President* Deborah N. Carlson, Professor, Frederick R. Mayer Faculty Cemal M. Pulak, Ph.D., Vice President Fellow of Nautical Archaeology Kevin J. Crisman, Ph.D., Vice President Tamara Hebert, Office Manager Kevin J. Crisman, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Nautical Dive Safety Officer Jim Jobling, Archaeology Faculty Fellow Donny L. Hamilton, Ph.D. BODRUM RESEARCH CENTER Professor, George T. & Gladys H. Abell Tuba Ekmekçi, Director Chair in Nautical Archaeology Özlem Doğan, Finance Manager Yamini Family Chair in Liberal Arts Cemal Pulak, Ph.D. BOARD OF DIRECTORS & OFFICERS Associate Professor, Frederick R. Robert Atwater • Oğuz Aydemir • Gordon W. Bass* • José L. Bermúdez, Ph.D.* Mayer Faculty Professor of Nautical Archaeology Edward O. Boshell, Jr. • John Cassils, MD • Gregory M. Cook • Lucy Darden* Thomas F. Darden • John De Lapa,Chairman * • Elmer Doty • Carl Douglas C. Wayne Smith, Ph.D. Claude Duthuit † • Danielle J. Feeney* • James A. Goold, Secretary & General Associate Professor Counsel* • Marc Grodman, MD • Jeff Hakko • R. Bowen Loftin,Ph.D . • Greg INA Faculty Fellow Maslow, MD • Alex G. Nason • Terry A. Ray • George E. Robb, Jr. • Jason Sturgis* Shelley Wachsmann, Ph.D. ◊ Frederick H. van Doorninck, Jr., Ph.D. • Robert L. Walker, Ph.D.* • Lew Ward Meadows Professor Robyn Woodward, Ph.D., Vice Chairman* • Sally M. Yamini • Kenan Yılmaz of Biblical Archaeology ASSOCIATE DIRECTORS NAUTICAL ARCHAEOLOGY PROGRAM Ercan Acikel • Raynette Boshell • Allan Campbell, MD • Stephen Chandler EMERITUS FACULTY TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY William C. Culp, MD • Glenn Darden • Nicholas Griffis • Robin P. Hartmann Faith Hentschel, Ph.D. • Susan Katzev • William C. Klein, MD • George W. Lodge George F. Bass, Ph.D. Thomas McCasland, Jr. • Dana F. McGinnis • Jeffrey Morris • Michael Plank George T. & Gladys H. Abell Chair Avery Battle Russell • Anne Darden Self • Lynn Baird Shaw • Betsey Boshell Todd in Nautical Archaeology, Yamini Family Chair in Liberal Arts, Mary Tooze • Ken Trethewey, Ph.D. • Garry A. Weber • Roger A. Williamson, MD. Distinguished Professor, Emeritus Frederick H. van Doorninck, Jr. Ph.D. BODRUM RESEARCH CENTER STAFF Frederick R. Mayer Faculty Bilge Güneşdoğdu Akman Seçil Kayacık Adem Şirin Professor of Nautical Archaeology Miray Olcay Ata Gülser Kazancıoğlu Murat Tilev Emeritus Mustafa Babacık Orkan KÖyağasıoğlu Aysel Tok J. Richard Steffy † Esra Altınanıt Biçer Nurgül Külah Edith Trnka Sara W. and George O. Yamini ü ü Professor of Nautical Archaeology Mehmet Çiftlikli Sheila Matthews S leyman T rel Emeritus Zafer Gül Muammer Özdemir Güneş Yaşar Executive Committee * Non-voting Board ◊ Deceased † i INA The Institute of Nautical Research Associates Archaeology is a non-profit organization whose mission J. Barto Arnold, M.A. Berta Lledó is to continue the search for Piotr Bojakowski, Ph.D. Colin Martin, Ph.D. the history of civilization by Lilia Campana, M.A. Veronica Morriss, M.A. fostering excellence in underwater archaeology. Chris Cartellone, M.A Robert Neyland, Ph.D. Alexis Catsambis, Ph.D. Ralph K. Pedersen, Ph.D. Published by INA each year, Katie Custer, Ph.D. Charlotte Minh Hà Pham, M.A. The INA Annual examines projects and research conducted Joshua Daniel, M.A Robin C. M. Piercy by INA Research Associates, Fabio Esteban Amador, Ph.D. Juan Pinedo Reyes Affiliated Faculty and the Matthew Harpster, Ph.D. John Pollack, M.Sc., F.R.G.S Nautical Archaeology Program Heather Hatch, M.A. Mark Polzer, M.A. faculty at Texas A&M University, in the previous calendar year. As Kenzo Hayashida, M.A. Kelby Rose well as being offered in printed Rebecca Ingram, M.A. Donald Rosencrantz form, The INA Annual is available Akifumi Iwabuchi, Ph.D. Jeffrey Royal, Ph.D. online and is one of the many benefits of INA membership. Michael Jones, M.A. Randall Sasaki, M.A. More information on becoming Jun Kimura, Ph.D. George Schwarz, M.A. an INA member can be found at Justin Leidwanger, Ph.D. Ulrica SÖderlind, Ph.D. inadiscover.com or by contacting Margaret E. Leshikar-Denton, Ph.D. Kate Worthington INA at (979) 845-6694. President & Editor Deborah N. Carlson, Ph.D. Art Direction & Design Affiliated Scholars Po Wan and Sandy Robson Blackberry Creative Kroum Batchvarov, Ph.D. Frederick Hocker, Ph.D. University of Connecticut Vasa Museum Please address all submissions John Broadwater, Ph.D. Robert Hohlfelder, Ph.D. Tidewater Atlantic Research University of Colorado and reprint requests to The INA Annual, Arthur Cohn, Ph.D. Mark Lawall, Ph.D. University of Manitoba The Institute of Nautical Lake Champlain Maritime Museum Archaeology Mariá del Pilar Luna Erreguerena, M.A. John McManamon, S.J. P.O. Drawer HG National Institute of Anthropology and History Loyola University College Station, Texas Ben Ford, Ph.D. Harun Özdaş, Ph.D. 77841-5137, USA or email Indiana University of Pennsylvania Dokuz Eylül Universitei [email protected]. Jeremy Green, M.A David Stewart, Ph.D. Western Australia Maritime Museum East Carolina University © November 2012 Elizabeth Greene, Ph.D. Peter van Alfen, Ph.D. by the Institute of Nautical Brock University American Numismatic Society Archaeology. Jerome Hall, Ph.D. Wendy van Duivenvoorde, Ph.D. University of San Diego Flinders University All rights reserved. Faith Hentschel, Ph.D. Cheryl Ward, Ph.D. Central Connecticut State University Coastal Carolina University Nicolle Hirschfeld, Ph.D. Gordon P. Watts Jr., Ph.D. Trinity University Tidewater Atlantic Research All listings are current to the date of publication. The INA Annual 2011 ii iii A Letter from the President I hope you enjoy this fifth volume of theINA Annual, showcasing 10 major projects carried out under the INA flag in 2011. Dr. Deborah Carlson Those readers acquainted with INA’s work around the world will recognize President, INA that more than a few of the projects in this issue are familiar—they are some of the many ongoing, in-depth, multi-year projects that characterize INA’s 2011 commitment to thorough excavation and meaningful scholarship. It is not uncommon for an INA excavation to last for many field seasons, drawing upon the expertise and dedication of colleagues and supporters around the globe. Two major INA shipwreck excavation projects in the Mediterranean drew to a close in 2011 after multiple summer field seasons: the Phoenician shipwreck at Bajo de la Campana, Spain, and the Hellenistic column wreck at Kızılburun, Turkey. The directors of these two projects are well aware what awaits them: years Reviewin in the laboratory overseeing the conservation and reassembly of the artifacts they recovered; years in the library poring over publications from other sites to find the best parallels to help narrow the date of their own assemblages; many more years studiously measuring, examining, sampling and analyzing every last fragment of material culture in an effort to reconstruct the last voyage of the ship that has become a consuming passion of their own lives. As INA excavation directors, we know what awaits us at the post-excavation stage because our own colleagues—INA Research Associates and Affiliated Scholars—are living it every day, whether they are scrutinizing the construction techniques of exquisitely preserved ships from the Byzantine harbor at Yenikapı, Turkey, diving deep into the dusty manuscripts of the Venetian Archives, or recounting the heartbreaking loss-of-life that occurred when an Ottoman frigate was destroyed by a typhoon in the Sea of Japan at the end of a year-long voyage. Other INA projects are consuming and challenging for other reasons, whether it be the ongoing search for remnants of a battle that represents a defining moment in Vietnamese history, or the seemingly insurmountable task of recording, preserving, and protecting the riverine relics of one of North America’s most evocative spectacles—the Yukon Gold Rush. Whatever aspects of maritime history or nautical archaeology speak to you most, I am confident that you will find something of interest in this volume of theINA Annual. When we’re not in the field, we’re working hard to improve the INA experience and grow our membership. In the last year we’ve made key improvements to the INA website, including online access to past issues of the INA Quarterly, new project blogs, more content highlighting relevant publication titles, and an in memoriam page honoring those who have shaped both the field and the organization. We have revived our photographic and video fulfillment system with a dedicated archivist, have added new merchandise to INA’s online store, and we are continuing the conversation with friends of INA around the globe through our social media efforts on Facebook. As always, I value your support of INA research; history depends on INA and we depend on you. The INA Annual 2011 iv Contents The Final Season of the Claude and Barbara Duthuit Expedition to Bajo de la Campana, Spain: Excavation of a Late Seventh-century B.C.E. Phoenician Shipwreck Mark E. Polzer and Juan Pinedo Reyes ..........................................................................6 The Yenikapı Project: Continuing Research on Two Byzantine Shipwrecks from Constantinople’s Theodosian Harbor Rebecca Ingram and Michael Jones .............................................................................18