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Wai 686 #W22 Wai 811#B3

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Wai 686 #W22 Wai 811#B3 Wai 686 #W22 IN THE WAITANGI TRIBUNAL Wai 811#B3 IN THE MATTER OF THE TREATY OF WAITANGI ACT 1975 AND IN THE MATTER OF THE WAI 811 CLAIMS AND IN THE MATTER OF THE MARUTUAHU CLAIMS STATEMENT OF EVIDENCE OF WILLIAM KAPANGA PETERS HWC 372-H22 Wai’s 686 & 811- Peters W 29 th July-02 nd August 1 2002 Evidence on behalf of the Wai 811 claims INTRODUCTION 1. My name is William Kapanga Peters and I currently reside at Parawai in Thames. I have previously presented evidence before this Tribunal for the Wai 100 and the Katikati/Te Puna claims. 2. Before I was born my father moved away from the heart of our rohe in Hauraki to our rohe extremities in Auckland. There I was bom and bred as were my brothers and sisters and am the eldest of five. Through my lifetime our extended whanau in Auckland have always maintained our links to our whanau in Hauraki by returning often. 3. My father Karaka Peters (Taurua) was bom and bred in Thames and lived at Parawai with his grandmother Te Aira Meremana of Ngati Maru and his grandfather Wiremu Taurua of Patukirikiri descent. My mother is from the whanau of Tukukino of Ngati Tamatera of Ohinemuri and was also bom and bred in Auckland as her parents left Paeroa to follow others to the cities for work. 4. Through the controlled marriages of our elders our bloodlines are ail interlinked thus through both my parents I am able to whakapapa to Patukirikiri and the Marutuahu tribes consisting of, Ngati Maru, Ngati Whanaunga, Ngati Paoa, Ngati Rongo U and Ngati Tamatera. 5. When I was growing up in Mangere my father would often return to Hauraki for meetings about our lands and was still involved with these things until his death in 1996. I even remember the New Zealand Herald interviewing my father at our home in Mangere about our lands being taken by the Thames Council. Maoritanga 6. At school I took French as a language thinking I'd learn Maori from my elders in Auckland when I left school. To my surprise my elders could all understand Maori but were not fluent speakers as they had been forbidden to speak when they were children. My father taught me what he knew of our history and tikanga etc. and because I had shown an interest, he also introduced me our whanau whakapapa books. HWC 372-H22 Wai’s 686 & 811- Peters W 29 th July-02 nd August 2002 2 Evidence on behalf of the Wai 811 claims 7. After my father taught me what he knew he instructed me to return to my mother's whanau at Te Puru and Paeroa to learn more of our history and our tikanga. This I began to do and count myself quite fortunate to have been taught by many of our elders who sadly are no longer among us. 8. While I undertook this learning from my elders I joined the armed services in 1976, but continued to return to Hauraki to sustain my instruction when I was in the Country, however my interaction with other Maori from other tribes in the armed services taught me that we were one of the worst affected people in Aotearoa regarding our general Maoritanga. 9. I realised this was mainly due to our knowledge not being passed on, as many of our younger people were either living outside our papakainga areas or too busy trying to survive in the cities, which resulted in many of our elders passing on before they were able to pass on their knowledge. This caused our overall knowledge base to slowly deteriorate. 10. As the oldest son I determined to learn all that I could, for I knew the time would come when I would be called upon by my elders to perform certain Marae functions. This I did and like my father continually returned home with my whanau so they could maintain their links back in Hauraki. After I had completed my 20 years in the Services I retired and returned home to Hauraki in 1996, with my whanau. 11. Since 1997, I have held the position of General Manager for Te Patukirikiri Iwi Incorporated and am also the Iwi representative on the Hauraki Maori Trust Board. I hold various trustee positions throughout our rohe for my different Iwi while my daytime job is Environmental Manager for Ngati Maru Runanga. 12. Our position on the Hauraki Maori Trust Board during the Wai 100 claims were solely for Patukirikiri purposes, however this claim didn't include our other Marutuahu Hapu lands. HWC 372-H22 Wai’s 686 & 811- Peters W 29 th July-02 nd August 2002 3 Evidence on behalf of the Wai 811 claims 13. Furthermore some of our Patukirikiri lands were not presented, thus we registered our own claim, which is effectively a Marutuahu claim from our particular Marutuahu and Patukirikiri ancestors. However our legal administrative body for our claim is Te Patukirikiri Iwi Incorporated. Therefore our claim is effectively a Marutuahu whanau claim derived from our many particular ancestors of those different branches. TRADITIONAL ROHE ESTABLISHMENT 14. After our ancestor Kapetaua had defeated Tarakumukumu at Waiheke 1 he took control of those Wai o Hua areas at Kohimarama and the Islands. Kapetaua then crossed over to Kapanga (Coromandel) where they conquered lands from Ngati Huarere and settled there. After also establishing their Manawhenua there they began to expand their territories. For example Kapetaua took the Mara kumara or Kumara cultivation Te Rakato from Ngati Huarere, which was a prized cultivation at Waiau. His people occupied Pukeatua Pa in that area. 15. Ngati Huarere were now aware of the expansion of our people, and though hostile towards that expansion did nothing, however after some time, intermarriages occurred that led to hostilities lessening to a certain degree. During this time Ngati Huarere of Kapanga became aware of Marutuahu who had arrived in the south and after defending the Mana of his father Hotunui in the battle of Ikapukapuka, had settled at Whakatiwai on the western shores of Tikapa Moana. 16. Marutuahu married two sisters and had five sons being Tamatepo, Tamatera, Whanaunga, Te Ngakohua and Taurukapakapa who were raised with their parents at Whakatiwai. When they came of age they participated in the wars that enveloped the Hauraki region of that time, as did their own offspring until the region fell under the control of the Marutuahu people and their allies, like Patukirikiri. 1 Background to Battle - Refer Wai 100 - Traditional Evidence of Patukirikiri HWC 372-H22 Wai’s 686 & 811- Peters W 29 th July-02 nd August 2002 4 Evidence on behalf of the Wai 811 claims 17. Meanwhile the people and descendants of Kapetaua were protecting their areas though we were greatly outnumbered by Ngati Huarere, whose attention was soon forced to attend to their deteriorating situation in the south at Hauraki. 18. This was due to the actions of one of their in-laws named Paeko from Ohiwa in the Whakatane region, who had murdered the wife of Taurukapakapa, which led to dire consequences for Ngati Huarere. 19. The actions of Paeko forced Ngati Huarere on a path of self- destruction that resulted in their (Ngati Huarere) demise and complete dispossession of any authority in the region. Later on, this warfare attracted the attentions of their equally powerful relatives in Tamakimakaurau (Auckland) the Wai o Hua, who attempted to aid Ngati Huarere, and as a result suffered the same fate. 20. When the Auckland area was fully dominated by the various Hapu and allies of Wai o Hua, though there were Tainui waka descendants like ourselves in Tamaki, the Marutuahu war party under Rautao and Whaanga, the great-grandsons of Marutuahu, attacked the area in answer to the previous murder of Ureia, a Marutuahu taniwha, and later, two Ngati Maru chiefs, all at the hands of Wai o Hua and their allies, which includes the Iwi of Ngati Tai, Kawerau and Te Tao. 21. In the attack of Auckland the Marutuahu took many major Pa principally situated along the eastern seaboard from Papakura to Mahurangi, however, to stop the onslaught Wai o Hua sued for peace and at a meeting at Oue, this peace was concluded and cemented with Parekaianganga, a Wai o Hua highborn princess given to Rautao as a wife. 22. Rautao considered that utu had been obtained and as a result some of the Marutuahu people began to establish their communities in the Auckland area, without threat. HWC 372-H22 Wai’s 686 & 811- Peters W 29 th July-02 nd August 2002 5 Evidence on behalf of the Wai 811 claims 23. However, after that episode of warfare, Wai o Hua were never able to adequately recover enough to properly defend their remaining domain, with the bulk of their people remaining in their last bastion around the Pukaki and Mangere areas, where their descendants still remain today. 24. As a result of their weakened state, Wai o Hua became easy prey for other Iwi. 25. While it is not our intention to demean the prowess of other Iwi in warfare especially those other Iwi who claim to have conquered the "Auckland area" it is our intention to identify our prior established interests in the Auckland area as part of the Marutuahu rohe, and all based on Manawhenua before anything else. 26. It should be noted that the Marutuahu had already broken the authority of the Wai o Hua in Auckland long before the arrival of those other Iwi who claim Manawhenua in the area.
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