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Ngati Pukenga Nga Tapuwae Kura (The Sacred Footprints)

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Ngati Pukenga Nga Tapuwae Kura (The Sacred Footprints) NGATI PUKENGA NGA TAPUWAE KURA (THE SACRED FOOTPRINTS) TABLE OF CONTENTS NGA TAPUWAE KURA (THE SACRED FOOTPRINTS) PREAMBLE ............................................................................................................................................... 6 NGA WAKA .............................................................................................................................................. 6 Mataatua ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Horouta Waka and Paikea .................................................................................................................. 7 Te Arawa ............................................................................................................................................. 7 TE TĀWERA O NGĀTI PŪKENGA O NGATI HA! ........................................................................................ 8 PŪKENGA ................................................................................................................................................ 9 Rūātoki - Pūkenga’s Birth Site ............................................................................................................. 9 Pūkenga’s Kainga ................................................................................................................................ 9 Ko au ki te takutai moana ................................................................................................................. 10 Back to Rūātoki ................................................................................................................................. 11 NGĀTI HA .............................................................................................................................................. 12 Waiaua - Home of Ngāti Ha .............................................................................................................. 12 Ngāti Pūkenga in Tauranga ............................................................................................................... 14 TE TĀWERA ........................................................................................................................................... 15 NGĀTI PŪKENGA IN MANAIA ................................................................................................................ 15 NGĀTI PŪKENGA IN PAKIKAIKUTU ........................................................................................................ 18 OTHER NGĀTI PŪKENGA SETTLEMENTS ............................................................................................... 21 Awataha (Auckland) .......................................................................................................................... 21 Mahurangi (Matakana) ..................................................................................................................... 21 Whangaruru ...................................................................................................................................... 21 CROWN ACTIONS AGAINST NGĀTI PŪKENGA PART A: GENERAL TREATY OF WAITANGI CLAIMS ................................................................................ 24 Raupatu (invasion and war) and land confiscation (te Muru Raupatu) ................................................ 24 Division of the iwi of Ngāti Pūkenga ................................................................................................. 24 The Ngāti Pūkenga iwi is landless ..................................................................................................... 25 Ngāti Pūkenga iwi are in a poor state ............................................................................................... 25 PART B: LAND LOSS AND KEY CLAIMS RELEVANT TO EACH KAINGA .................................................... 26 Pakikaikutu ........................................................................................................................................ 26 Manaia .............................................................................................................................................. 27 Tauranga ........................................................................................................................................... 28 Maketu .............................................................................................................................................. 30 4 NGA TAPUWAE KURA (THE SACRED FOOTPRINTS) PREAMBLE ‘He whenua te toto o te tangata’ Land plays an important part in the Maori psyche. Many waiata and proverbs have been composed about land and its place in tribal culture. Ngāti Pūkenga are no different. Through Crown ommissions and Treaty breaches Ngāti Pūkenga was seperated from the lands of their forefathers. Our ancestors strenuously sought for justice. The Crown, its instruments and agents did not understand Ngati Pukenga. We did not fit their worldview. We were not confined to one geographic area. We were not the product of one line of ancestry or affilliated to only one waka. Our holdings were extensive. These were removed from us. Our lands in Tauranga Moana were confiscated and not returned to us. Our status as a tribe has been challenged ever since that time. The Court officials, judges and so called historians wrote us out of presence. Iwi around us have not treated us with equal respect. We are called upon to defend our existence at every step. We have variously been described as a hapu of Ngai Te Rangi, Whakatohea, Te Arawa, Ngapuhi and Ngati Maru to name a few. Many of our people choose not to identify with Ngāti Pūkenga because we do not enjoy a high status or are talked about in non-mana enhancing ways. We live with stigma. We aim to rectify and restore the mana of our ancestors for the benefit of the generations that follow. This is our story...our truth. We acknowledge there are other truths but when standing in our house, the Pūkenga house, this is the truth as we see it. Every tribal truth is like this. Just as when you stand and view Mauao from each corner of Tauranga Moana, it looks different, so does every tribal truth. And just as every description of Mauao is correct, as it is the very same mountain, so too are the truths of our whanaunga iwi. Now let our story begin... NGA WAKA Mataatua Ngāti Pūkenga are Mataatua people. The Mataatua canoe captained by Toroa left Hawaiki and made land fall in Whakatane. Taken by his younger brother Puhi, the canoe travelled North landing for a short time at Tauranga. The Mataatua crew named it ‘Te Tauranga o Mataatua’, or ‘The Landing place of Mataatua’. This canoe continued its journey North where it remains today. Here is the genealogy: 6 Toroa Wairaka Tamateakitehuatahi Tanemoeahi Pukenga Horouta Waka and Paikea We are of Paikea who navigated the Pacific waters on the back of magical whale. Passing Tauranga, he finally landed at Whangara. One of our descent lines is from his son Pouheni who begat: Tarawhakatu Nanaia Porourangi (from whom the Ngati Porou tribe claims mana) Rongomaianiwaniwa Aparere Haupunoke Rongowhakaata. (He married Uetupuke from Whangara who belonged to the Ngai Tamahenga.) Rongopopoia Rongopopoia was raised in the house of Tanemoeahi, Pukenga’s father. Rongopopoia is the eponymous ancestor of Ngati Ha. Te Arawa The Arawa canoe made its way from Hawaiki and and while traversing the shoreline along Papamoa, one of the chiefs on board, Hei, stood and claimed the land for his son Waitaha. This area is known today as Tauranga and Te Puke and were occupied by Hei’s descendants. Ngāti Pūkenga claim mana through Hei and his descendants down to Kumaramaoa and Te Pukuohakoma. The pedigree is as follows: 7 Hei Waitaha Manutohikura Te Aoterangi Te Aorewa Te Naia Waiokehu Takakopiri Tuparahaki Iwikoroke Kumaramaoa Te Pukuohakoma In the time of Takakopiri the lands on the Te Puke side of the Otawa range were given to Iwikoroke and those on the Tauranga side to Kumaramaoa. Iwikoroke gave Te Pukuohakoma a piece of his estate which was between Kumaramaoa and himself. Ngāti Pūkenga are therefore Kumaramaoa and Pukuohakoma people and succeeded to their interests along with the hapu of Rangataua, Ngati He and Nga Potiki. The Te Tāwera name is particularly important in this respect and this will be elaborated upon further. TE TĀWERA O NGĀTI PŪKENGA O NGATI HA! Ngāti Pūkenga also known as Ngāti Hā and Te Tāwera were a tribe renowned as warriors and priests in days gone by. These three tribal currents of genealogy merged into one torrent of tribal mana derived from the Mataatua, Te Arawa and Horouta canoes. Those tribal mana are unified today as Ngāti Pūkenga. Our tribe has many proverbial sayings (whakatauki) about this and are richer than most tribes in this repect. Our people have strived to uphold this tradition. Not necessarily as priests and warriors in the traditional sense, but as educators, innovators and leaders in many spheres. We were called upon by other tribes in their times of need. Our willingness to do so were based on ‘take’, or just causes such as ‘whanaungatanga’, our relationships born of whakapapa (genealogy) and common purpose, and not soley for payment as some historians have insinuated. This has led to the wide dispersal of land interests. We are unique and our history does not easily conform to accepted norms. We have always been this way. 8 Our sacred footprint or ‘Tapuwae Kura’ spans
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