2Nd Night of Muharram at Al-Rasool Adham Mosque of Al-Awamia, Saudi Arabia ۰۹:۴۰ - ۱۳۹۴/۰۷/۲۶

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

2Nd Night of Muharram at Al-Rasool Adham Mosque of Al-Awamia, Saudi Arabia ۰۹:۴۰ - ۱۳۹۴/۰۷/۲۶ Photos: 2nd night of Muharram at al-Rasool Adham Mosque of Al-Awamia, Saudi Arabia ۰۹:۴۰ - ۱۳۹۴/۰۷/۲۶ The second night of Muharram 1437 at al-Rasool Adham Mosque of Al-Awamia village situated in the Al- Qatif region in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. 1437-2015 Muharram is a month of remembrance and modern Shia meditation that is often considered synonymous with Ashura. Ashura, which literally means the "Tenth" in Arabic, refers to the tenth day of Muharram. It is well-known because of historical significance and mourning for the murder of Hussein ibn Ali, the grandson of Prophet Muhammad (PBUT). Shiite begin mourning from the first night of Muharram and continue for ten nights, climaxing on the 10th of Muharram, known as the Day of Ashura. The last few days up until and including the Day of Ashura are the most important because these were the days in which Imam Hussein and his family and followers (including women, children and elderly people) were deprived of water from the 7th onward and on the 10th, Imam Hussain and 72 of his followers were martyred or subjected to humiliation by the army of tyrant Yazid I at the Battle of Karbala on Yazid's orders. The surviving members of Imam Hussein's family and those of his followers were taken captive, marched to Damascus, and imprisoned there. The Mourning of Muharram, Remembrance of Muharram, or Muharram Observances, is a set of rituals associated with Shia Islam, which takes place in Muharram, the first month of the Islamic calendar. Many of the events associated with the ritual take place in congregation halls known as Hussainia. The commemoration of the event during yearly mourning season, from first of Muharram to twentieth of Safar with Ashura comprising the focal date, serves to define Shia communal identity. At present, Muharram Observances are carried around the world from East to West and from North to South. :The words Azadari )Persian ﻋﺰﺍﺩﺍﺭﯼ which mean mourning and lamentation; and Majalis-e Aza have been exclusively ) used in connection with the remembrance ceremonies for the martyrdom of Imam Hussain. Majalis-e Aza, also known as Aza-e Husayn, includes mourning congregations, lamentations, matam and all such actions which express the emotions of grief and above all, repulsion against what tyrant Yazid stood for. The following photos are the second night of Muharram 1437 at al-Rasool Adham Mosque of Al-Awamia village situated in the Al-Qatif region in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. .
Recommended publications
  • (TNFJ) – Tehrik-E-Jafaria Pakistan (TJP) – Rawalpindi 28 February 2011
    Country Advice Pakistan Pakistan – PAK38118 – Imamia Student Organisation (ISO) – Tehrik-e-Nifaz-e- Fiqh-e-Jafaria (TNFJ) – Tehrik-e-Jafaria Pakistan (TJP) – Rawalpindi 28 February 2011 1. When were the TNFJ and the ISO banned, and what are the names of their successors? Country Advice PAK33887 (November 2008) provides information on the history and names of the Tehrik-e-Nifaz-e-Fiqh-e-Jafaria (TNFJ). Ambiguities in the naming practices of the TNFJ, and the breakaway group Tehrik-e-Jafaria Pakistan (TJP) are discussed in both Country Advice PAK 14999 (February 2002) and Country Advice PAK33887 (November 2008). Country Advice PAK31967 (June 2007) provides detailed information regarding the Imamia Student Organisation (ISO). Pertinent information from these responses is summarised below. It is important to note, as does Country Advice PAK33887 (November 2008), that the various Shi‟a sectarian groups currently operating in Pakistan have a complex history, with factional splits in organisations, and the formation of militant factions creating a range of different actors. The names under which different Shi‟a groups have operated have varied over time, in response to factional splits and government bans. It is in this context that there is a degree of variance and inconsistency in the titles by which the Tehrik-e-Nifaz-e-Fiqh-e-Jafaria (TNFJ) and the Tehrik-e-Jafaria Pakistan (TJP) are referred to in news media, and political discourse; names tend to be used interchangeably.1 Tehrik-e-Nifaz-e-Fiqh-e-Jafaria (TNFJ) No information was located which indicated the TNFJ was a banned organisation in Pakistan. The group‟s website http://tnfj.org.pk/sec/cont.htm was active at the time this research was conducted, and lists its headquarters in Rawalpindi.2 The naming of the TNFJ and other organisations is discussed below.
    [Show full text]
  • California State University, Northridge Ta'ziyeh As
    CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE TA'ZIYEH AS FESTIVAL AND A FORM OF POPULAR THEATRE IN IRAN A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Theatre by Javad Pishvaie May 1987 The Tr:sis of Javad Pishvaie is approved: Lawrence D. Stewart William H. California State University, Northridge ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT v CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1 I Survey of Iranian History to Early Seventh-Century • • . • . 5 Avesta and the First Stages of Zoro- asterianism . • . • 7 -- Transformation--rn-:r-rani-arr--s-ociety Before- Islam ................. 9 II Brief Study of Islamic Religion • • . • . 19 Muhammad: The Founder of Islamic Faith. 24 Islam After Muhammad . • • . • . 27 I I r--- Mi story or-Ta 'ziyeh -:r-n -Iran- . -----. .----- . -. 3 5 The Tragedy of Kerbela . • . 35 The Evolution of Ta'ziyeh in Iran and its its Counter Influence With the Ancient Festivals . • . 41 The Establishment of Ta'ziyeh as a Form of Popular Theatre and Entertainment in Iran . 4 8 IV Ta'ziyeh As A Form Of Popular Theatre .•.. 51 Sources of the Subject Matter . 51 Music . 72 The Organization of the Muharram Ceremonies . • • . • . • 75 Physical Production. • • . • . • 80 Religious Places . • . 80 Scenery . • . 86 Lighting. • . 87 Properties ............•. 88 Costume . • . 92 Make-up and Masks . • • . • . 93 iii Contents (cont'd) The Performance of Ta'ziyeh as it is Today . 94 Recitation rowza-khani . 94 The Street Procession . • . 96 The Passion Plays . • . 99 The Performer . • . 101 The Spectator . • . 105 The Performer-Spectator Interaction . 107 CONCLUSION . 109 FOOTNOTES . 111 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 119 iv ABSTRACT TA'ZIYEH AS FESTIVAL AND A FORM OF POPULAR THEATRE IN IRAN By Javad Pishvaie Master of Arts in Theatre Focusing on Ta'ziyeh (religious mourning) as festi- val and a form of popular theatre in Iran, this study is a description of Muharram ceremonies in the past and the present time.
    [Show full text]
  • The Function of Religion in Persian Society'
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Department of Anthropology Papers Department of Anthropology 1963 The uncF tion of Religion in Persian Society Brian Spooner University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.upenn.edu/anthro_papers Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Spooner, B. (1963). The unctF ion of Religion in Persian Society. Iran, 1 83-95. Retrieved from http://repository.upenn.edu/ anthro_papers/139 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. http://repository.upenn.edu/anthro_papers/139 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The uncF tion of Religion in Persian Society Abstract Observations on the religious aspect of rural life made during residence and travel in the north, east and south of Persia between 1959 and 1962. Disciplines Anthropology | Social and Behavioral Sciences This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/anthro_papers/139 83 THE FUNCTION OF RELIGION IN PERSIAN SOCIETY' By B. J. Spooner Observations on the religious aspect of rural life made during periods of residence and travel in the north, east and south of Persia between 1959 and 1962. Areas Visited Main periods of residence during the above period were within the limits of the bakhsh ofJajarm and the shahrestdn of Gunabdd in Khorasmn. A short period has also been spent in the villages around Lasht e Nesha in Gilan. Otherwise the main route of survey has been southwards from Gundbad, through Qa'enat (including
    [Show full text]
  • Bektashi Order - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Personal Tools Create Account Log In
    Bektashi Order - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Personal tools Create account Log in Namespaces Views Article Read Bektashi OrderTalk Edit From Wikipedia, the freeVariants encyclopedia View history Main page More TheContents Bektashi Order (Turkish: Bektaşi Tarikatı), or the ideology of Bektashism (Turkish: Bektaşilik), is a dervish order (tariqat) named after the 13th century Persian[1][2][3][4] Order of Bektashi dervishes AleviFeatured Wali content (saint) Haji Bektash Veli, but founded by Balim Sultan.[5] The order is mainly found throughout Anatolia and the Balkans, and was particularly strong in Albania, Search BulgariaCurrent events, and among Ottoman-era Greek Muslims from the regions of Epirus, Crete and Greek Macedonia. However, the Bektashi order does not seem to have attracted quite as BektaşiSearch Tarikatı manyRandom adherents article from among Bosnian Muslims, who tended to favor more mainstream Sunni orders such as the Naqshbandiyya and Qadiriyya. InDonate addition to Wikipedia to the spiritual teachings of Haji Bektash Veli, the Bektashi order was later significantly influenced during its formative period by the Hurufis (in the early 15th century),Wikipedia storethe Qalandariyya stream of Sufism, and to varying degrees the Shia beliefs circulating in Anatolia during the 14th to 16th centuries. The mystical practices and rituals of theInteraction Bektashi order were systematized and structured by Balım Sultan in the 16th century after which many of the order's distinct practices and beliefs took shape. A largeHelp number of academics consider Bektashism to have fused a number of Shia and Sufi concepts, although the order contains rituals and doctrines that are distinct unto itself.About Throughout Wikipedia its history Bektashis have always had wide appeal and influence among both the Ottoman intellectual elite as well as the peasantry.
    [Show full text]
  • Round 2 – 2018-2019 US Academic Bee
    USABB Regional Bee Set 3 2018-2019 Round 2 Round 2 Tossups (Tossup 1) The SED was the governing party of this former country for the entire duration of its existence. Walter Ulbricht was a longtime leader of this former country, and he was succeeded by Erich Honecker. The capital of this former country was once separated from a neighboring enclave by a famous wall. This former European country was reunified with its western neighbor at the end of the Cold War. For the point, name this former communist country which once controlled East Berlin. ANSWER: East Germany (accept German Democratic Republic; prompt on GDR; do not accept or prompt on \Germany" alone) (Tossup 2) In a novel by this author, one character proclaims that everyone should kill each other on National Suicide Day. In another novel by this author, marigold seeds fail to bloom, which parallels the premature death of Pecola's baby. This author of Sula wrote about how a spirit haunts 124 Bluestone Road years after Sethe kills her infant daughter. For the point, name this African-American author of The Bluest Eye and Beloved. ANSWER: Toni Morrison (or Chloe Ardelia Wofford) (Tossup 3) The Lucas numbers are similar to these numbers, though they are generated with different initial values. Numbers in this sequence can be calculated by Binet's formula. These numbers are the sum of the shallow diagonals of Pascal's triangle, and as these numbers go to infinity, the ratio between these numbers approaches the golden ratio. For the point, name these numbers that begin 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review on the Recognized Elements of Shiite Political Culture in the Iranian Revolution
    A Review on the recognized elements of Shiite political culture in the Iranian Revolution Ali Riasaty1*, Hamid Maghami2, Hadieh Parhizkar3 1 Vice President Advisor of Philosophy of Life and Healthy Lifestyle (PLHL) Research Center at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), Shiraz, Iran, 2 Member of PLHL Research Center at SUMS, Shiraz, Iran, 3 President of of PLHL Research Center at SUMS, Shiraz, Iran. Correspondence: Ali Riasaty, Vice President Advisor of Philosophy of Life and Healthy Lifestyle (PLHL) Research Center at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), Shiraz, Iran. Email: [email protected]. ABSTRACT Repetitive and various reviews of Iranian 1979 Revolution conditions have been undertaken from different perspectives. Employing Crane Brinton's Theory of Revolution and adopting a comparative analysis, the present study attempts to address the issue of the main elements of Shiite political culture as well as the emergence of these elements in the 1979 Revolution. Brinton thinks of revolutions as a kind of fever, whose symptoms begin to emerge in the pre-revolutionary regime. However, the symptoms are not reliable signs and the disease will not emerge unless its symptoms are adequately expanded. At the outset, the present study addresses and recounts elements of Shiite political culture, explicates the concept of revolution and its effective factors through a documentary method as well as a comparative approach. Moreover, the present research conducts an analysis of the characteristics which reinforce, increase and overlap with Shiite political culture during the Iranian 1979 Revolution. Keywords: Shiite, political, culture, Revolution. reasons for the Iranian Revolution are abundant in scientific and political comments presented by Marxist analysts and political Introduction activists, Muslim activists as well as those belonging to capitalist discourse.
    [Show full text]
  • 7Western Europe and Byzantium
    Western Europe and Byzantium circa 500 - 1000 CE 7Andrew Reeves 7.1 CHRONOLOGY 410 CE Roman army abandons Britain 476 CE The general Odavacar deposes last Western Roman Emperor 496 CE The Frankish king Clovis converts to Christianity 500s CE Anglo-Saxons gradually take over Britain 533 CE Byzantine Empire conquers the Vandal kingdom in North Africa 535 – 554 CE Byzantine Empire conquers the Ostrogothic kingdom in Italy 560s CE Lombard invasions of Italy begin 580s CE The Franks cease keeping tax registers 597 CE Christian missionaries dispatched from Rome arrive in Britain 610 – 641 CE Heraclius is Byzantine emperor 636 CE Arab Muslims defeat the Byzantine army at the Battle of Yarmouk 670s CE Byzantine Empire begins to lose control of the Balkans to Avars, Bulgars, and Slavs 674 – 678 CE Arabs lay siege to Constantinople but are unsuccessful 711 CE Muslims from North Africa conquer Spain, end of the Visigothic kingdom 717 – 718 CE Arabs lay siege to Constantinople but are unsuccessful 717 CE Leo III becomes Byzantine emperor. Under his rule, the Iconoclast Controversy begins. 732 CE King Charles Martel of the Franks defeats a Muslim invasion of the kingdom at the Battle of Tours 751 CE The Byzantine city of Ravenna falls to the Lombards; Pepin the Short of the Franks deposes the last Merovingian king and becomes king of the Franks; King Pepin will later conquer Central Italy and donate it to the pope 750s CE Duke of Naples ceases to acknowledge the authority of the Byzantine emperor 770s CE Effective control of the city of Rome passes from Byzantium to the papacy c.
    [Show full text]
  • Baba (Honorific) - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    Baba (honorific) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baba_(honorific) Baba (honorific) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Baba (Persian: : , Urdu: , Pashto: ; Sanskrit, Punjabi, Bengali, Hindi and Marathi: बाबा ; father; grandfather; wise old man; sir, [1]) is a Persian honorific term used in several West and South Asian cultures. It is used as a mark of respect to refer to Sufi saints. [citation needed ] The Bektashi Order, headquartered in Albania, use the term of baba for all its priesthood. [citation needed ] During the Muslim rule in South Asia it was also used for Hindu and Sikh ascetics (sannyasis) is also be used as a suffix or prefix to their names e.g.: Ramdev Baba, Baba Ramdevji, etc. [1][2] Baba is also a title accorded to the head of certain order of Sufi saints: Baba Bulleh Shah and Rehman Baba.[1] The Persian term was also adopted in Malaysia as an honorific of respect to address Chinese people born in British Straits Settlement.[3][4] In Shona, a language spoken in Zimbabwe, and also in Yoruba, a language spoken by the Yoruba culture in the south western part of Nigeria, Baba is an honorific for father, wise man or, simply, elderly man. It is also a term of respect used by wives, other women, children and other youth to an older man. [citation needed ] See also Baba (name) Indian honorifics References a b c 1. ^ Platts, John T. (John Thompson). A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English. London: W. H. Allen & Co., 1884. 2. ^ Hunter, William Wilson; James Sutherland Cotton, Richard Burn, William Stevenson Meyer, Great Britain India Office (1908).
    [Show full text]
  • Basic Changes in Iranian Education System Before and After Islamic Revolution
    BASIC CHANGES IN IRANIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM BEFORE AND AFTER ISLAMIC REVOLUTION A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY YASİN TAMER IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF MIDDLE EAST STUDES DECEMBER 2010 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunışık I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts. Assoc. Dr. Recep Boztemur This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts. Assoc. Dr. Mustafa Şen Examining Committee Members Asssoc. Dr. Erdoğan Yıldırım (METU, PHIL) Assoc. Dr. Mustafa Şen (METU, SOC) Assoc. Dr. Recep Boztemur (METU, MES) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name: Yasin TAMER Signature : iii ABSTRACT CHANGES IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM OF IRAN Tamer, Yasin M.A., Department of Middle East Studies Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Mustafa Şen December 2010, 86 pages This thesis analyzes the changes occurred in the Iranian education system. The changes occurred before and after the Islamic Revolution are main themes. Reform attempts, modernization, westernization, secularization, purification and Islamization of Iranian education system will be discussed along with comments of notable figures.
    [Show full text]
  • The Republic of Azerbaijan
    THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN On the rights of the manuscript ABSTRACT of the dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ARTISTIC REFLECTION OF ISLAMIC VALUES IN MIRZA ALAKBAR SABIR’S ACTIVITY Speciality: 5716.01 – Azerbaijani literature Field of science: Philology Applicant: Fariz Suleyman oglu Gasimbeyli Baku–2021 1 The work was performed at the Department of Azerbaijani language and literature of Azerbaijan University Scientific supervisor: Doctor of Sciences in Philology, Professor Alkhan Bayram oglu Mammadov Official opponents: Doctor of Sciences in Philology, Associate Professor Ragub Shahmar oglu Karimov Doctor of Sciences in Philology Mehman Garakhan oglu Aliyev Doctor of Sciences in Philology Gulbaniz Majnun gizi Babayeva Dissertation council ED–1.05 Supreme Attestation Commission under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan operating at the Institute of Literature named after Nizami Ganjavi ANAS Chairman of the Dissertation council: Academician, Doctor of Science in Philology, Professor _______________ Isa Akbar oglu Habibbayli Scientific secretary of the Dissertation council: PhD in Philology, Associate Professor _______________ Ismikhan Mahammad oglu Osmanli Chairman of the Scientific Seminar: Doctor of Science in Philology, Associate Professor ________________ Alizade Bayram oglu Asgarli 2 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DISSERTATION Topicality and degree of using of the theme. The Islamic religion, one of the most widespread heavenly religions in the world, began to penetrate into the life, national and spiritual
    [Show full text]
  • Social and Cultural Images of Qajar-Iran Customs in European Travel Diaries
    Asian Culture and History; Vol. 7, No. 2; 2015 ISSN 1916-9655 E-ISSN 1916-9663 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Social and Cultural Images of Qajar-Iran Customs in European Travel Diaries Zahra Talaei Hatam1, Foad Pour Arian1, Khadijeh Salimi2 1 School of Humanities and Literature, Kharazmi University, Karaj, Iran 2 School Of Art and Letter, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, USA Correspondence: Khadijeh Salimi, School Of Art and Letter, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, USA. Tel: 1-757-201-0329. E-mail: [email protected] / [email protected] Received: March 5, 2015 Accepted: March 10, 2015 Online Published: April 21, 2015 doi:10.5539/ach.v7n2p29 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ach.v7n2p29 Abstract One of the most important sources for studying the social and cultural situation of Qajar Era is the travelogues written by European travelers. The objective of present paper is to study reaction of European travelers to the customs of Qajar Era, compare customs changes of that period with current Era and identify factors affecting custom changes trajectory. Moreover, it is assumed that some of the European criticizes Iranian culture when faced their customs. Customs related to celebrations and mourning are changed significantly since Qajar Era and it is known that social and political changes along with globalization issues are effecting evolution of customs. The method of collecting the data of this study is library method and is based on analytical and descriptive method. While identifying and introducing an 8-factor model effective on culture change, the important role of social and cultural changes and globalization in culture change and changes of customs has been confirmed.
    [Show full text]
  • Simultaneity of Music and Urban Space with an Emphasis on Mourning in Tehran (Qajar to the Pahlavi I) *
    Vol.13/No.44/ Feb 2017 Received 2015/08/17 Accepted 2016/04/05 Simultaneity of Music and Urban Space With an Emphasis on Mourning in Tehran (Qajar to the Pahlavi I) * Mohammadreza Sharayeli** Padideh Adelvand*** Abstract It seems that the existence and survival of music in the city as an example of urban art is dependent on the interaction of three factors: artists, public space and citizens as the target audiences. This means that ignorance and deletion of one of them will change the whole nature of it and this not only will stop the desired affect and quality including the increased sense of identity and belonging to the city expecting from the presence of art in the urban space, but also will lead to some disturbances. By proposing this issue, the primary objective of this study has been to answer the following questions about the mourning music in Tehran at Qajar and Pahlavi’s urban space: 1) To what extent the survival of musical mourning is dependent on the urban art structure? 2) What qualities the mourning music has acquired in the urban space? 3) What effects the socio-cultural changes resulting from modernization have had on urban life of mourning music? This research study based on the written and visual documentation, evaluates the mourning music in Tehran urban space during the above mentioned [historical period] in two groups of religious and non-religious mourning ceremony including “Passion-Play (Tazieh)”,”Weeping (Noha Khani), Handling the groups of mourners (Dasteh-Gardani)” and “Chest beating” (Sineh- Zani) and also the “funeral ceremony of government `s officials and courtiers” as a symbol of urban art; this study then concludes that in the Qajar era a bidirectional communication had been established between the public spaces such as squares, forecourt of the public buildings, Takaya and streets as a context of forming the interaction of citizen and the mourning performers with the performance of mourning music.
    [Show full text]