NORSK ENTOMOLOGISK TIDSSKRIFf

NORWEGIAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY

VOLUME 15 . O. 1 . 1968

Helene T mbs-L cbe: tudi OD egian bud: Tetrops ., art phids (Hom., phidoidea) I. The ubfamiJy n for onlell {CoL, Ca'MllltJ 47 Dactynotinae B6mer 1 RoahI LiI me ielsen: tilbia anomala H• Dy for ku- iD Lo er Part of diuria (Lep.. oduidae) 18 A."" and jordane, 49 Richard DahI: tudies OD the Diptera Bracb - iibr: a Lepieloptera i OI'Ie 60 cera of the ea Shores iD orth orway 19 rik Christiaasen & Torfma ther: Iaf tation ADdress trand: Om BOeII e art ra lekten Density of Trypodeadron Iineatum (Olirier) Ath ta Tbs. (Col., taphyliDidae) 61 (Coleoptera: colytidae) iD Relation to FeUing Hans Kauri: Vher die norwegiscbea Tabaalden Date of Log . 28 (Dipter ) 63 Ove Meidell: Bombus jonellus (Kirby) (Hym., Erling Hauge: Typhocbra tus ymae Ip. D. aad pidae) has Two Generations in a Sea on 31 Paaamomops mengei Simon (Araaeae) iD Ame FjeUberg & Lita Greve: ot on the Genus orway 65 Bor us in orway 33 Reidar ebI: ew Records of from or- and ndreas traDd: Gyropbaena keeni C y a 70 G. orientalis A. tr. (CoL taphyliaidae) 35 Johan a 01 era arelics Odd H. JobanDessen: icari decorata TuUgren Pa • (Col. Carabidae) 71 1942 (Clubionidae Arane e) e to 37 ~~"Jia, Aadre traad: Corticarlaa ir at . n. sp. Eivind Suadt: crotri • iII·.....iI (Col.. thridiidae) 40 1852) (Col. PtiIiidae). tioa of !.«to- Bjame • eideD: °crochonleuma gallicum type aad 'ptioa 7S (Latzel 1884), (Diplopoda) e to Scandl- Bo...... 78 ui ~ Astrid Le ea: • Knahea 70 81

U IVERSITETSFORLAGET NORSK ENTOMOLOGISK TIDSSKRIFT

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NORSK ENTOMOLOGlSK TlDSSKRIFT appears in two issues per year. The subscription rate is N. kr. 20,- per year, US $ 3.50. Notice of change of address should be accompanied by the old address. Contributions should be sent to the Editor. Contributors are requested to follow the instructions on page 3 of the cover. Studies on Norwegian Aphids (Horn., Aphidoidea) I The subfamily Dactynotinae B6rner

HELENE TAMBS-LYCHE 1 Zoological Museum, University of Bergen

Abstract: TAMBs-LYCHE, HELENE. 1968. Studies on Norwegian Aphids (Horn., Aphidoidea) 1. The sub­ family Dactynotinae Biirner. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 15,1-17. The present paper is the first of a series which will give a survey of the Norwegian aphid fauna, based upon the author's own collections and information already published. It comprises the subfamily Dactynotinae Biirner, totalling 63 species, 20 of which are recorded for the first time from Norway in the present paper. The species new to Norway are the following: Aulacorthum cylactis Biirner. Aulacorthum palustre Hille Ris Lambers, Aulacorthum ru/um Hille Ris Lambers, Acyrthosiphon loti (Theobald), Subacyrthosiphon cryptobium Hille Ris Lambers, Metopolophium /risicum Hille Ris Lambers, Metopolophium tenerum Hille Ris Lambers, Cryptaphispoae (Hardy), Corylobium avellanae (Schrank), Macrosiphum weberiBiirner. AIacrosiphoniella tapuskae (Hottes and Frison), Macrosiphoniella usquertensis Hille Ris Lambers, DactYnotus cichorii (Koch), Dactynotus muralis (Buckton), Dactynotus obscurus (Koch), Dactynotus pilosellae Biirner, Dactynotus sonchi (Linne), Dactynotus tanaceti (Linne), Megourella purpurea Hille Ris Lambers, Megourella tribulis (Walker). Aulacorthum palustre and Cryptaphis poae are recorded for the first time from Scandinavia.

INTRODUCTION present author (see references), Ossiannilsson The earliest records of aphids from Norway (1962) Fjelddalen (1964) and Heikinheimo concern a few species mentioned by Str0m (1966) have all contributed to the knowledge (1762) and Fabricius (1779). The identity of of the Norwegian aphid fauna. these species is, however, doubtful. The first The author started investigations on Nor­ and only somewhat comprehensive list of wegian aphids more than twenty years ago, aphid species for the country was published by and in the first instance studied aphids on po­ Siebke (1874). It lists 53 species, each of them tato plants (Tambs-Lyche 1950, 1957). During referring to Kaltenbach's monography (1843). extensive travels in connexion with these col­ The identifications have not so far been re­ lections several other species were also sampled. vised, and in the following study they are re­ Collections of Norwegian aphids have been ferred to, when not specially mentioned, as continued by travels in different parts of the identical with Kaltenbach's species. country. Most of the collections, however, In his review of Zetterstedt's aphid species come from western Norway, particularly from from Lapland Wahlgren (1939) discusses a few the surroundings of Bergen and from Hard­ records from Norway, and other records are anger. During the years 1954-56 yellow traps found in Theobald's (1926-29) work on British (Moericke-traps) were used near Bergen, near Stavanger and at the Agricultural College at aphids. W. M. Sch0yen (1893-1913) and T. H. Sch0yen (1914-1941) give records of aphids oc­ As near Oslo, and very extensive collections curring as pests on cultivated plants. The were made. They have been worked up and practically all species identified. A preliminary

1 Present address: Malmmosevej 83a, Virum, report has been published (Tambs-Lyche Denmark. 1956). The material could not, however, be

I-SOTSk ent. Tidsskr. 2 H. TAMBS-LYCHE

o = 0stfold AK = Akershus (inc!. Oslo) HE = Hed11lark o = Opland B = Buskerl1ll VE = Vest{olc\ TE = Telcmark .\A = Anst-.\gcler VA = Vest-Agder [{ = [{ogalancl HO = Horclaland (inc!. Bcrgen) SF = Sogn og Fjorclane l\IH. = l\fore og I{omsclal ST Sor-Tronclelag KT K orcl-Tronclelag X X orcllamI TH. Trollls F == Finllmark

Fig. 1. Districts of Norway with explanation of the abbreviations used in the present paper. The districts are subdivided in zones: i (inner), y (outer), n (northern), s (southern), v (western) and o (eastern). From Strand(1943). STUDIES ON NORWEGIAN APHIDS 3 fully utilized unless the main features of the A. auphorbia subsp. neerlandicus Hille Ris Norwegian aphid fauna were better known as Lambers a background. It was therefore decided to A. ignotus Mordvilko work up the author's main collection with the ':+ A. loti (Theobald) purpose of giving an overall survey of the A. malvae (Mosley) fauna, before the ecological and biological re­ A. pisum (Harris) sults of the trap collections were discussed. * Subacyrthosiphon cryptobium Hille Ris The present paper is the first of a series Lambers which will give a survey of the Norwegian Matopolophium albidum Hille Ris Lam­ aphid fauna, based upon the author's own col­ bers lections and such information as has already M. dirhodum (Walker) been published. It comprises the subfamily M. fesucae (Theobald)

Dactynotinae Borner, 63 species in all, 20 of .)f M. frisicum Hille Ris Lambers which are recorded for the first time from ,};, M. tenerum Hille Ris Lambers Norway in the present paper. ** Cryptaphis poae (Hardy) The geographical distribution of the dif­ * Corylobium avellanae (Scharnk) ferent species is mostly cited from Hille Ris Macrosiphum cholodkovskyi Mordvilko Lambers (1938, 1939, 1947, 1949, 1953) and M. daphnidis Borner Borner (1952). In addition it has been men­ M. euphorbiae (Thomas) tioned if the species occurs in the nearest M. gei (Koch) countries, e.g. Sweden (Ossiannilsson 1959), M. melampyri Mordvilko Denmark (Heie 1960, 1961, 1962, 1964a, 1967, M. rosae (Linne) Reitzel 1965), Finland (Heie & Heikinheimo * M. weberi Borner 1966, Heikinheimo 1944, 1963, Thuneberg (Sitobion) avenae (Fabricius) 1960, 1962, 1963, 1966), Iceland (Heie 1964b, (Sitobion) fragariae (Walker) Hille Ris Lambers 1955, Prior & Stroyan Macrosiphoniella absinthii (Linne) 1960) and Great Britain (Kloet & Hincks M. artemisiae (Boyer de Fonscolombe) 1964), where such information may be of in­ M. chamomillae Hille Ris Lambers terest. In the locality lists the abbreviations for M. millefolii (de Geer) the different parts of the country refer to the M.oblonga (Mordvilko) map in Fig. 1. M. saborni (Gillette) All finds recorded are by the author, when M. sejuncta (Walker) no other collector is mentioned. The author's M. tana[;etaria (Kaltenbach) collection will be deposited at the Zoological " M. tapuskae (Hottes and Frison) Museum, University of Bergen. * M. usquertensis Hille Ris Lambers Dactynotusa achilleae (Koch) * D. cichorii (Koch) * Dactynotus muralis (Buckton) LIST OF SPECIES * D. obscurus (Koch)

Microlophium evansi (Theobald) .)f D.pilosellae Borner

Aulacorthum circumflexus (Buckton) .)f D. sonchi (Linne) '.' A. cylactis Borner ." D. tanaceti (Linne) ** A. palustre Hille Ris Lambers D. tussilaginis (Walker) * A. rufum HiIle Ris Lambers (Uromelan) aeneus Hille Ris Lambers A. solani (Kaltenbach) (Uromelan) campanulae (Kaltenbach) Acyrthosiphon aurlandicus Heikinheimo (Uromelan) jacea (Linne) A. caraganae (Cholodkovsky) (Uromelan) similis Hille Ris Lambers 4 H. TAMBS-LYCHE

(Uromelan) solidaginis (Fabricius) 1. III 1954. Nnv: Hadsel on Anemone sp. in (Uromelan) taraxaci (Kaltenbach) greenhouse 15.YII 1950. Metopeurum fuscoviride Stroyan The species is usually found in greenhouses, Amphorophora ampullata Buckton and all earlier records from Norway are from A.rubi (Kaltenbach) greenhouses or other indoor places. The re­ Delphinobium junackianum (Karsch) cord from Biological Station on Senecio con­ Megoura viciae Buckton sisted of a colony of alate and apterous vivi­ * Megourella purpurea Hille Ris Lambers parae. The host plant was growing just out­ -x- M. tribulis (Walker) side the laboratory building. Wahlgreniella ossiannilssoni Hille Ris Lam­ Geographical distribution: Cosmopolitan. bers W. vaccillii (Theobald) Aulacorthum cylactis Borner 1942. Published here for the first time from Nor-· New to Norway * way. ** New to Scandinavia Os: Ringebu: Venabu on Rubus chamaemo­ rus 1. IX 1961 (oviparae). SUBFAMILY DACTYNOTINAE BaRNER The species was found on the underside of MICROLOPHIUM Mordvilko 1914 the leaves of Rubus chamaemorus in small Microlophium evansi (Theobald 1923) colonies consisting of apterous viviparous fe­ I. H. Siebke 1874: Aphis urticae Schrank. males and oviparous females, also a few im­ First published from Norway by Siebke mature oviparae. (1874) from AK. Oslo. Heikinheimo (1966) The species has been recorded from Rubus recorded the species from SFi: Aurland. saxatilis by several authors. The find of ovipa­ VE: Larvik on Urtica sp. 28. VII 1944. Bv: rae on Rubus chamaemorus indicates that this Hol: Bard~la, Geilo by thrashing mixed vege­ plant may also serve as host. tation 23. VIII 1963. HOi: Kvinnherad: Sunde­ Geographical distribution: Germany, Neth­ vagen on Urtica sp. 9. VIII 1949. erlands, Sweden, Denmark, Finland. Trappings in yellow trays: AK. As: Volle­ bekk, Ry: Hetland: Forus, HOy: Fana: Stend Aulacorthum palustre Hille Ris Lambers 1947. and Biological Station. Published here for the first time from Nor­ Geographical distribution: Europe. It is way, and also for the first time from Scandi­ known from Sweden, Denmark, Finland and navia. Great Britain. HOy: Fana: Bjelkar~y 19. VI 1953 on Hy-' pochoeris radicata, Mariholmen 16. IX 1953 on AULACORTHUM Mordvilko 1914 Leontodon autumnalis (oviparae). Aulacorthum circumflexus (Buckton 1876) The find from Bjelkar~y consisted of a Tambs-Lyche (1950, 1961): Neomyzus cir­ single aptera. On Mariholmen both apterous cumflexus (Buckton) viviparous and oviparous females were found. First published from Norway by Tambs­ Geographical distribution: Netherlands, Ger­ Lyche (1950) with a list of records from many, Great Britain. greenhouses. More records from greenhouses were published by Tambs-Lyche (1961) and Aulacorthum rufum Hille Ris Lambers 1947. by Fjelddalen (1964). Published here for the first time from Nor­ HOy: Fana: Biological Station on Senecio way. vulgaris 13. VIII 1954 and on Streptocarpus On: Ringebu: Venabu by thrashing Vacci­ (pot plant indoor) 28. XI 1955. Bergen: Bo­ nium spp. and Empetrum 1. IX 1961 (ovipa­ tanical garden on tulips III greenhouse. rae). HOy: Fana: Nordre Eggholmen on Vac- STUDIES ON NORWEGIAN APHIDS 5 cimum myrtillus 24. VI 1953, Titlestad on Heikinheimo (1966) from SFi: Aurland. It IS Vaccinium myrtillus 5. X 1963 (oviparae, not known from other localities. alate &). The species was found as a single aptera on Acyrthosiphon caraganae (Cholodkovsky 1907). Vaccinium myrtillus on Nordre Eggholmen, First published from Norway by Ossiannils­ Fana. At Venabu, Ringebu, one single ovipar­ son (1962) from B\1l: Drammen. Fjelddalen ous female was found by thrashing a mixed (1964) published records from AK: As. vegetation consisting of Empetrum sp., Vacci­ Os: Nord-Aurdal: Valdres agric. school nium myrtillus and V. vitis-idaea. At Titlestad, 1. VIII 1945. B\1l: Modum: Buskerud agric. Fana, one oviparous female, one immature school 9. VIII 1945. Hoy: Bergen: Botanical ovipara and one alate male were found. The garden 15. VI 1961. NTi: Skogn: Staup horti­ oviparous female was light dirty reddish, a cult. school 19. VII 1950. All finds on Cara­ little greenish just around the siphunculi, and gana sp. At Staup horticultural school the spe­ the alate male was greenish of colour. cies was also taken on Prunus cerasifolia (most Geographical distribution: Netherlands, Ger­ likely an accidental host). many, Great Britain, Sweden. Trappings in yellow trays: AK: As: Volle­ bekk, Ry: Hetland: Forus. Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach 1843) Geographical distribution: Russia, Poland, Tambs-Lyche (1950): Aulacorthum pseudo­ Germany, Netherlands, England, Sweden, solani (Theobald). Denmark, Finland. Records from potato and greenhouses were published by Tambs-Lyche (1950, 1957, 196\). Acyrthosipholl euphorbiae Borner 1940, sub­ Fjelddalen (1964) published records from species neerlandicus Hille Ris Lambers 1947. greenhouses and from potato. Ossiannilsson Published from Norway and for the first (1962) recorded the species from B\1l: Dram­ time from Scandinavia by Ossiannilsson (1962) men on Matricaria inodora. from AK: Oslo. 0: Hvaler: Reff on indoor pot plant 4. VII Geographical distribution: The species is 1953, Fredrikstad on Hibiscus (indoor) 3. IV known from the Netherlands. 1954. AK: As on Stachys paluster 2. VIII 1965 (leg. Heikinheimo, in litt.) HOy: Fana: Stend Acyrthosiphon ignotus Mordvilko 1914. on potato 24. VIII 1955 and on Calceolaria First published from Norway by Ossiannils­ 20. VIII 1955, Spikaren on Potentilla anserina son (1962) from B\1l: Drammen. Fjelddalen 16. VIII 1961. Lindas: Lygra on potato 14. VII (1964) published records from AAv: Herefoss 1948. HOi: Kvinnherad: Sundevagen on Digi­ and SFi: Balestrand. talis purpurea 9. VIII 1949. Fn: Nordkapp: Geographical distribution: Northern Russia, Honningsvag on Achillea millefolium 24. VII Germany, Sweden, Denmark. 1955 (leg. L. Cederholm). Trappings in yellow trays: AK: As: Volle­ Acyrthosiphon loti (Theobald 1912) bekk, Ry: Hetland: Forus, HOy: Fana: Stend. Published here for the first time from Nor­ Geographical distribution: The species has a way. very wide distribution and may be regarded HOy: Vikebygd: F\1lrde 12. VIII 1958, Fana: as cosmopolitan. Biological Station 29. VII 1952, Nordre Egg­ holmen 15. VI 1953, Sund: Tuss\1ly 24. VII 1952. HOi: Kvinnherad: Gjermundshamn ACYRTHOSIPHON Mordvilko 1914 14. VIII 1958. All finds on Lotus corniculatus. Acyrthosiphon aurlandicus Heikinheimo 1966. Trappings in yellow trays: HOy: Fana: The species was described and published by Biological Station and Stend. 6 H. TAMBS-LYCHE

Geographical distribution: Great Britain, logical Station on Lotus corniculatus 6. VI Netherlands, Germany, Sweden and Denmark. 1957, Sund: Tuss0y on Lotus corniculatus 21. VIII 1953. HOi: Ulvik: Hjeltnes on Vicia Acyrthosiphon malvae (Mosley 1841) sensu sp. 15. VIII 1958. SFi: Stryn: Loen by sweep­ latiore. ing grasses 2. VIII 1942 (leg. Nils Knaben). H. Siebke 1874: Aphis pelargonii Kalten­ Trappings in yellow trays: AK: As: Volle­ bach. bekk, Ry: Hetland: Forus, HOy: Fana: Stend First published from Norway by Siebke and Biological Station. (1874) from AK: Oslo. Records published by Geographical distribution: The species is Tambs-Lyche (1961) from 0: Fredrikstad distributed all over the world. (Acyrtho.l'iphon malvae s.s.), by Ossiannilsson (1962) from B0: Drammen, by Fjelddalen (1964) from 0: Fredrikstad and by Heikin­ SUBACYRTHOSIPHON Hille Ris Lambers heimo (1966) from SFi: Aurland. The sub­ 1947 species geranii Kaltenbach was published by Subacyrthosiphon cryptobium Hille Ris Lam­ Tambs-Lyche (1961) from On: Vaga on Ge­ bers 1947. ranium sp. Published here for the first time from Nor­ Trappings in yellow trays: HOy: Fana: Bio­ way. logical Station. AK: As: Vollebekk, trapped in yellow trays. Geographical distribution: Europe, USA. According to Hille Ris Lambers the species lives on the older parts of the lying stems of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris 1776) Trifolium repens. I have not as yet found the Siebke (1874) records Aphis pisi Kalten­ species on its host plant in Norway. bach (mentioned by Fjelddalen 1964). Aphis Geographical distribution: Netherlands, pisi Kaltenbach is, however, only partly a Great Britain, Sweden. synonym of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), and Siebke's record must refer to Macro­ METOPOLOPHIUM Mordvilko 1914 siphum cholodkovskyi (see page 7). This Metopolophium albidum Hille Ris Lambers species is probably referred to as Macrosiphum 1947. pisi in the State Entomologists' Annual Report First published by Tambs-Lyche (1957) from in 1926. (T. H. Sch0yen 1922-1941.) The spe­ Nsy: Mosj0en and Try: Kva:fjord. cies is recorded by Tambs-Lyche (1961), by HOy: Fana: Stend on unidentified grasses Ossiannilsson (1962), by Fjelddalen (1964) and 11. VI 1954, Store Milde on unidentified gras­ by Heikinheimo (1966). ses 28. V 1959. HOi: Eidfjord on Agrostis sp. Os: Eina on Vicia sp. I.IX 1961 (ovipara). 15. VIII 1958. TRy: Troms0ysund: Holt on On: Vaga: Vagamo on Vicia cracca 11. VII Achillea millefolium (probably accidentally). 1953. B0: Modum: Buskerud agric. school on Trappings in yellow trays: AK: As: Volle­ Pisum sativum 9. VIII 1945. 0vre Eiker: Sem bekk, HOy: Fana: Biological Station. on Vicia cracca 8. VIII 1945. Ry: Klepp: 0ks­ Geographical distribution: The species is nevad on Matricaria inodora 30. VIII 1955, known from Netherlands, Germany, Great Hetland: Forus on Trifolium hybridum 30. VIII Britain and Sweden. 1955. HOy: B0mlo: Espeva:r by thrashing mixed vegetation 12. VI II 1958, Stord: Deger­ Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker 1848). nessund on Lotus corniculatus 17. VII 1953, First published from Norway by Tambs­ Austevoll: Ha:kjingen on Lotus corniculatus Lyche (1957) from Nsy: Tj0tta and in 1961 21. VIII 1953, Fana: Stend on Trifolium pra­ from Nnv: Vestedlen, by Ossiannilsson (1962) tense and on Vicia cracca 26. VIII 1955, Bio- from B0: Drammen and YE. Str0mm, by STUDIES ON NORWEGIAN APHIDS 7

Fjelddalen (1964) from VE: Sem and Borre Published here for the first time from Nor­ and Nnv: Hadsel. way. AK: As on Avena sativa 11. VIII 1965 (leg. Ry: Hetland: Forus by thrashing of grasses Heikinheimo, in Iitt.). HOy: Vikebygd: F\1lr­ 22. VIII 1956. HOy: Fana: Biological Station despollen on Agrostis tenuis 12. VIII 1958, by thrashing of grasses 5. VI 1961, Festevik by Tysnes: Anuglo on Rosa sp. 17. IX 1953. Fana: thrashing of grasses 21. VI 1959, Radal on Biological Station on Rosa sp. 2. VI 1951 and Deschampsia flexuosa 8. VI 1958. 23. IX 1961 and on Sorbus intermedia 23. IX Geographical distribution: Netherlands, 1961. Nsy: Bodin: Vag\1lnes on Avena sativa Great Britain, Germany, Sweden. 2. VIII 1950. Trappings in yellow trays: AK: As: Volle­ CRYPTAPHIS Hille Ris Lambers 1947 bekk, Ry: Hetland: Forus, HOy: Fana: Bio­ Cryptaphis poae (Hardy 1850) logical Station. (= C. setiger Hille Ris Lambers 1947) Geographical distribution: Europe, North Published here for the first time from Scan­ America. It is known from Sweden, Denmark, dinavia. Finland, Iceland and Great Britain. HOy: Fana: Stend trapped in yellow trays. I have not as yet found the species on its Metopolophium festucae (Theobald 1917) host plants, which according to HiIle Ris Lam­ First published from Norway by Heikin­ bers are Festuca ovina and Holcus mollis. heimo (1966) from SFi: Aurland. Geographical distribution: Netherlands, Ry: Klepp: 0ksnevad on Poa sp. 29. VIII Great Britain. 1955. HOy: Fana: Biological Station on Juncw' effusus 6. VIII 1952 and on unidentified gras­ CORYLOBIUM Mordvilko 1914 ses 5. VI 1961, Stend on Achillea millefolium (accidentally) 26. VIII 1955 and on unidenti­ Corylobium avellanae (Schrank 1801) fied grasses 29. VI 1954, Radal on Luzula sil­ Published here for the first time from Nor­ vatica 15. VI 1954. way. Trappings in yellow trays: Ry: Hetland: HOy: Fana: L\1lnningehamn on Corylus ave/­ Forus, HOy: Fana: Stend and Biological Sta­ lana 12. VIII 1961. tion. The species was found as two apterae on Geographical distribution: Great Britain, the petioles of young shoots. One specimen Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, Denmark, was of a reddish brown colour, the other was Finland, Iceland. green. Geographical distribution: Europe. It is Metopolophium frisicum Hille Ris Lambers known from Sweden, Denmark, Finland and 1947. Great Britain. Published here for the first time from Nor­ way. MACROSIPHUM Passerini 1860 HOy: Fana: Biological Station on unidenti­ Macrosiphum cholodkovskyi Mordvilko 1909. fied grasses 5. VI 1961, Radal on Frageria vesca 8. VI 1954. H. Siebke 1874: Aphis pisi Kaltenbach First recorded from Norway by Siebke Trappings in yellow trays: HOy: Fana: (1874). According to Hille Ris Lambers (1939) Stend and Biological Station. Kaltenbach's Aphis pisi is partly synonymous Geographical distribution: Netherlands, Great Britain, Germany, Sweden. with Macrosiphum cholodkovskyi Mordvilko. As Siebke's record is from Spiraea ulmaria Metopolophium tenerum Hille Ris Lambers (= Filipendula ulmaria) it seems reasonable to 1947. record his find under this species. 8 H. TAMBS-LYCHE

VE: Tj0;ne: Kolabekk (host not noted) Macrosiphum gei (Koch 1855) 1. VIII 1944. Ry: Klepp: 0ksnevad on Sangui­ First published by Ossiannilsson (1962) from sorba officinalis 27. VIII 1956. Hay: Fana: AK: Oslo. Fj0sanger 18. VI 1944, Eggholmen 15. VI 1953, Hay: Fana: Adlandsvannet by thrashing Kuholmen. 7. VI 1954 and Festevik 21. VI 1959, mixed vegetation 5. IX 1955, Osp0ya by thrash­ all finds on Filipendula ulmaria. HOi: Kvinn­ ing Vaccinium myrtillus 28. VII 1953. herad: Bjellandshamn on Filipendula ulmaria Trappings in yellow trays: AK: As: Volle­ 13. VII 1949. Nsi: Saltdal: Drageid on Fili­ bekk, Hay: Fana: Biological Station. pendula ulmaria. Geographical distribution: Europe. It occurs Geographical distribution: Europe, Western in Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Asia. Great Britain.

Macrosiphum daphnidis Borner 1940 Macrosiphum melampyri Mordvilko 1919. Published from Norway by Ossiannilsson Published from Norway by Ossiannilsson (1962) from AK: Oslo. (1962) from B0. The author has not so far Geographical distribution: Germany, Great found the species. Britain, Sweden, Denmark, Finland. Geographical distribution: Russia, Germany, Sweden. Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas 1878) First published from Norway by Tambs­ Macrosiphum rosae (Linne 1758) Lyche (1950). Finds on potato and in green­ H. Siebke 1874: Aphis rosae Linne. houses were published by Tambs-Lyche (1950, First published from Norway by Siebke 1957). Fjelddalen (1964) published finds from (1874) from AK: Oslo. Records published by potato and greenhouses. Tambs-Lyche (1961), by Ossiannilsson (1962), AK: Oslo on Senecio vulgaris VIII 1949 Fjelddalen (1964) and Heikinheimo (1966). (sample sent to the author from the Norwe­ 0: Hvaler: B01ingshamn on Rosa sp. 24. VII gian Plant Protection Institute). B0: 0vre Ei­ 1947. AK: Ullensaker: Jessheim on Knautia ar­ ker: Haug on Rosa sp. 8. VIII 1945. Ry: Klepp: vensis 18. VII 1945. Os: Nord-Aurdal: Valdres 0ksnevad on potato 28. VIII 1955. Hetland: agric. school on Potentilla sp. 1. VIII 1945. Forus on potato 26. VIII 1955. Hay: Tysnes: On: Vigi: Vigamo on Leontodon autumnalis Anuglo (host not noted) 17. IX 1953. Fana: 11. VII 1953. B0: Drammen: Bragernesasen on Nordre Eggholmen on Valeriana officinalis Rosa sp. 9. VIII 1944, Modum: Buskerud 8. VIII 1952 and by thrashing mixed vegeta­ agric. school on Rosa sp. 9. VIII 1945, 0vre tion 11. VIII 1954, Biological Station on Epi­ Eiker: Haug on Rosa sp. 8. VIII 1945, Rusta­ lobium montanum and on Rubus idaeus 29. VII den on Rosa sp. 12. VIII 1945, 0vre Sands­ 1952, Osp0ya on Valeriana officinalis 28. VII v

Geographical distribution: Great Britain, Vaga: Viigiimo on Plantago lanceolata 11. VII Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, Denmark, 1953. VE: Brunlanes: Klever on Achillea mU­ Finland. lefolium 29. VIII 1944. Ry: Klepp: 0ksnevad on Achillea millefolium 29. VIII 1955 (alate is). Hay: Fana: Biological Station on Achillea MACROSIPHONIELLA del Guercio 1911 millefolium 29. VII 1952 and on Achillea ptar­ Macrosiphoniella absinthii (Linne 1758) mica 5. VIII 1952, Stend on Achillea millefo­ First published from Norway by Ossiannils­ lium 26. VIII 1955 (alate is). Lindas: Lygra on son (1962) from VE: Strlllmm. Achillea millefolium 14. VII 1948. Nsy: Tjllltta 0: Hvaler: Botne on Artemisia sp. 12. VII 3. VIII 1950 and Bodin: Nordland agric. school 1947. 2. VIII 1950 both localities on Achillea mille­ Geographical distribution: Europe, Siberia. folium. Nsi: Mosjlllen on Tanacetum vulgare The species is known from Sweden and Fin­ 4. VIII 1950. TRy: Tromslllysund: Holt on land. Achillea millefolium 28. VII 1950. Trappings in yellow trays: AK: As: Volle­ Macrosiphoniella artemisiae (Boyer de Fons­ bekk, Ry: Klepp: 0ksnevad, Hay: Fana: colombe 1841) Stend and Biological Station. First published from Norway by Ossiannils­ Geographical distribution: Europe. son (1962) from Bill: Drammen and VE: Strlllmm. Heikinheimo (1966) recorded the spe­ Macrosiphoniella oblonga (Mordvilko 1901) cies from SFi: Aurland. First published from Norway by Ossiannils­ VAy: Mandal on Artemisia vulgaris 25. VII son (1962) from Bill: Drammen and YE: 1963. Strlllmm. Heikinheimo (1966) recorded the spe­ Trappings in yellow trays: AK: As: Volle­ cies from SFi: Aurland. I have not as yet found bekk. the species on its host plants in Norway. Geographical distribution: Europe, Siberia. AK: As: Vollebekk trapped in yellow trays. The species is known from Sweden, Den­ Geographical distribution: Europe. It is re­ mark, Finland and Great Britain. corded from Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Great Britain. Macrosiphoniella chamomillae Hille Ris Lam­ bers 1947. Macrosiphoniella sanborni (Gillette 1908) First published from Norway by Ossianni1s­ son (1962) from Bill: Drammen. First published from Norway by Tambs­ AK: As: Vollebekk on Matricaria inodora Lyche (1950), from greenhouses in AK: Asker 12. IX 1955 (ovipara). and Hay: Fana. Fje1ddalen (1964) gives re­ Geographical distribution: Netherlands, cords from Os: Gj0Vik and Lillehammer, Ry: France, Great Britain, Sweden. Stavanger and Fi: Alta. Geographical distribution: The species is Macrosiphoniella millefolii (de Geer 1773) cosmopolitan. H. Siebke 1874: Aphis millefolii Fabricius. First published from Norway by Siebke Macrosiphoniella sejuncta (Walker 1948) (1874) from AK: Oslo. Heikinheimo (1966) First published from Norway by Ossiannils­ records the species from SFi: Aurland. son (1962) from Bill: Drammen. 0: Hvaler: Bllllingshamn 24. VII 1947 and Bv: Hol: Geilo 23. VIII 1963. Ry: K1epp: near Hvaler church 6. VIII 1947 both localities 0ksnevad 16. VII 1958. Hay: Fana: Stend on Achillea millefolium. Os: Fluberg: Karls­ 26. VIII 1955. All finds on Achillea millefo­ borg on Achillea millefolium 2. VIII 1945. On: lium. STUDIES ON NORWEGIAN APHIDS 11

Trappings in yellow trays: AK: As:· Volle­ Trappings in yellow trays: AK: As: Volle­ bekk and Ry: Hetland: Forus. bekk. Geographical distribution: Great Britain, Geographical distribution: Netherlands, Netherlands, Germany, France, Sweden, Den­ Great Britain, Germany, France, Sweden, Den­ mark and Finland. mark, Finland (Heikinheimo in litt.). Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria (Kaltenbach 1843) DACTYNOTUS Rafinesque 18181 H. Siebke 1874: Aphis tanacetaria Kalten­ Dactynotus achilleae (Koch 1855) bach. First published from Norway by Ossiannils­ First published from Norway by Siebke son (1962) from VE: Stromm. (1874) from AK: Oslo on Tanacetum vulgare. Ry: Klepp: 0ksnevad 29. VIII 1955, Het­ Ossiannilsson (1962) published records from land: Forus 30. VIII 1955. Both localities on Bq,: Drammen. Achillea millefolium. HOy: Fana: Biological AK: As: Vollebekk on Matricaria inodora Station by thrashing mixed vegetation 11. VIII 12. IX 1955 (oviparae) and 3. IX 1956 (alate 1956. SS). Os: Brandbu: Tingelstad on Matricaria Trapping in yellow trays: AK: As: Volle­ inodora 3. VIII 1945. On: Vaga: Vagamo on bekk, Ry: Hetland: Forus. Tanacetum vulgare 11. VIII 1953. YE: Larvik Geographical distribution: Germany, on Tanacetum vulgare 28. VII 1944. HOi: Eid­ Netherlands, Great Britain, Belgium, France, fjord on Tanacetum vulgare 15. VIII 1958. Sweden, Denmark, Finland. Trappings in yellow trays: AK: As: Volle­ Dactynotus cichorii (Koch 1855) bekk, Ry: Hetland: Forus. Published here for the first time from Nor­ The finds from Vollebekk, As, of sexual way. forms on Matricaria inodora in two successive On: Vaga: Vagamo on Leontodon autum­ years seem to indicate that this plant can serve nalis 11. VIII 1953. HOy: Bq,mlo: Espevaer on as winter-host in Norway. Dr Hille Ris Lam­ Leontodon autumnalis 12. VIII 1958, Fana: bers has kindly confirmed the identifications. Stend on Hypochoeris radicata 6. VII 1954 Geographical distribution: Europe, America. (leg. Byrkjeland), Biological Station on Leon­ The species is known from Sweden, Denmark, todon autumnalis 9. VIII 1955 and on Hypo­ Finland and Great Britain. choeris radicata 13. VIII 1956 (alate S), Herdla: Macrosiphoniella tapuskae (Hottes and Frison Turq,y on Hypochoeris radicata 9. VII 1954. 1931) Trappings in yellow trays: AK: As: Volle­ Published here for the first time from Nor­ bekk, Ry: Hetland: Forus. way. Geographical distribution: Germany, Ry: Klepp: 0ksnevad on Achillea millefo­ Netherlands, Great Britain, Italy, Denmark, lium 29. VIII 1955 and 22. VIII 1956. Sweden, Finland. Trappings in yellow trays: AK: As: Volle­ Note: Fabricius (1779) in his 'Reise nach bekk, Ry: Klepp: 0ksnevad. Norwegen' gave a description of a species Geographical distrihution: USA, Nether­ which he called Aphis hypochoeridis found on lands, Germany, Sweden, Finland. Hypochoeris radicata in AK: Skedsmo. His Macrosiphoniella usquertensis Hille Ris Lam­ description reads as follows: - Corpus mag- bers 1935. Published here for the first time from Nor­ 1) The International Commission on Zoological No­ way. menclature has recently suppressed Rafinesque's HOy: Bq,mlo: Espevaer on Achillea mille­ names (1818), and the genus in question will be called folium 12. VIII 1958. Uroleucon Mordvilko 1914. 12 H. TAMBS-LYCHE num, nigrum, obscure nitidum, aeneo colore sp. 15. VIII 1945. Bv: Uvdal on Hieracium sp. tinctum. Antennae nigrae corpore longiores. 29. VIII 1955. Cornicula elongata, nigra. Stylus brevior viri­ TEi: Vinje: Haukeligrend on Hieracium sp. dis. Pedes pallidi femoribus apice nigris. Alae 31. VII 1959 (ovipara). AAi: Bygland: Moi on hyalinae. Iuniores omnino virescentes. Hieracium sp. 13. VII 1967. Ry: Klepp: 0ksne­ Fabricius' description makes it certain that vad on Hieracium sp. 16. VII 1958 (alata (0). he had before him one of the two Dactynotus HOy: Lindas: Kvalvagnes on Hieracium sp. spp. living on Hypochoeridis, namely Dactyno­ 18. VII 1948. tus cichorii (Koch) or Dactynotus hypochoeri­ Geographical distribution: Europe. dis Hille Ris Lambers 1939. The description Dactynutus pilosellae Borner 1933. may fit both species. Dactynotus hypochoeri­ Published here for the first time from Nor­ dis Hille Ris Lambers has not yet been found way. in Norway, but its distribution in Denmark VE: Rrunlanes: Klever on l1ieracium sp. and Sweden indicates that it may occur there. 28. VII 1944. VAy: Spangereid: Vage, Lindes­ According to the code of nomenclature, nes on Hieracium sp. 25. VII 1963. HOy: Fabricius' name ought to be preserved on one B~mlo: Espev:er on Hieracium sr. 12. VIII of the two species. It would be unfortunate, 1958. HOi: Ulvik: Hjeltnes on Potentilfa nor­ however, if the well known and widely distrib­ vegica (accidentally) 15. VIII 1958. uted D. cichorii (Koch) should change name to Trappings in yellow trays: AK: As: Volle­ D. hypochoeridis which since 1939 has been bekk, Ry: Hetland: Forus, HOy: Fana: used for a distinct species. It may also be wrong Stend. to apply Fabricius' name to Hille Ris Lambers' Geographical distribution: Germany, Italy, species, thereby fixing the type locality out­ France, Belgium, Great Britain, Sweden. side the known area of distribution of the species. Dactynotus sonchi (Linne 1767) A decision should therefore be postponed Published here for the first time from Nor­ until the distribution of the species is better way. known, and in the meantime Fabricius' name Os: Brandbu: Grinaker on SonchuI arvensis should be regarded as a nomina incertis. 3. VIII 1945. Geographical distribution: Europe, Central Dactynotus muralis (Buckton 1876) Asia, America. It is known from Sweden, Den­ Published here for the first time from Nor­ mark, Finland and Great Britain. way. HOy: Fana: Ytre Midttun on Lactuca mu­ Dactynotus tanaceti (Linne 1758) ralis 9. VII 1954. The aphids formed dense t = Dactynotus tanaceticola (Kaltenbach» colonies on the flower stems. Published here for the first time from Nor­ Geographical distribution: Great Britain, way. The specimens were identified by Dr. Netherlands, Germany, France, Sweden, Den­ V. F. Eastop. mark. AK: As: Vollebekk trapped in yellow trays 1954. Geographical distribution: Middle and Dactynotus obscurus (Koch 1855) Published for the first time from Norway Northern Europe. The species is known from by Heikinheimo (1966) from SFi: AurJand. Sweden, Great Britain and Finland (Heikin­ 0: Hvaler: Skibholmen on Hieracium um­ heimo in litt.). bellatum 12. VIII 1947. On: Vaga: Vagamo on Dactynntus tussilaginis (Walker 1850) Hieracium sp. (umbellatum-type) 11. VII 1953. Published for the first time from Norway B0: 0vre Sandsv:er: Hedenstad on Hieracium by Ossiannilsson (1962) from B~: Drammen. STUDIES ON NORWEGIAN APHIDS 13

OS: Vestre Toten: B0verbru on Tussilago, men on Centaurea sp. 1. VII 1944. Hay: Fana: farfara 29. VII 1945. Kviturdsvikpollen on Centaurea nigra 13. VII Trappings in yellow trays: AK: As: Volle­ 1954, Os: Osoyri on Centaurea phrygia 17. VIII bekk, Hay: Fana: Stend. 1965 (leg. Heikinheimo, in litL). HOi: Kvinn­ Geographical distribution: Europe, Central herad: Bjelland on Centaurea nigra 13. VII Asia. The species is known from Sweden, Den­ 1949. mark, Finland and Great Britain. Trappings in yellow trays: Hay: Fana: Bio­ logical Station. Geographical distribution: Europe, Central Subgenus UROMELAN Mordvilko 1914 Asia. The species is known from Sweden, Den­ Dactynotus (Uromelan) aeneus Hille Ris Lam­ mark, Finland and Great Britain. bers 1939. Published from Norway by Heikinheimo Dactynotus (Uromelan) jacea subspecies hen­ (1966) from SFi: Aurland. richii Borner 1950. Geographical distribution: Europe. The spe­ Published from Norway by Heikinheimo cies is known from Sweden, Denmark, Finland (1966) from SFi: Aurland. and Great Britain. Dactynotus (Uromelan) similis Hille Ris Lam­ Dactynotus (Uromelan) campanulae (Kalten­ bers 1935. bach 1843) Published from Norway by Heikinheimo First published from Norway by Heikin­ (1966) from SFi: Aurland. heimo (1%6) from SFi: Aurland. Geographical distribution: Netherlands, 0: Hvaler: Reff 4. VII 1953. On: Vaga: Germany, Switzerland, France, Great Britain, Storhaug 12. VII 1953, Ry: Hetland: Forus Sweden and Finland. 30. VIII 1955 (oviparae and alate ~~). Hay: Fana: Biological Station 13. VIII 1956, Lindas: Dactynotus (Uromelan) solidaginis (Fabricius Kvalvagnes 18. VII 1848. HOi: Kvinnherad: 1781) Bjelland 22. VII 1949, Eidfjord 15. VIII 1958. H. Siebke 1874: Aphis solidaginis Fabricius. In all localities the species was found on Cam­ First published from Norway by Siebke panula rotundifolia. (1874) from AK: Oslo and Asker. Further re­ Trappings in yellow trays: Hay: Fana: Bio­ cords by Tambs-Lyche (1961), Ossiannilsson logical Station. (1962) and Fjelddalen (1964). Geographical distribution: Europe. The spe­ 0: Hvaler: Botne 31. VII 1947. AK: Eids­ cies is known from Sweden, Denmark, Fin­ voll 19. VII 1945. VAy: Mandal 24. VII 1963. land and Great Britain. Hay: Fana: Biological Station 20. VIII 1956, Lindas: Kvalvagnes 18. VII 1948. Nnv: Had­ Dactynotus (Uromelan) jacea (Linne 1758), sel: Anstad 15. VII 1950. TRi: Malselv: Ols­ sensu latiore. borg 22. VII 1950. All finds on Solidago vir- First published from Norway by Tambs­ gaurea. Lyche (1950) from Os: Vestre Toten. Geographical distribution: Europe. The spe­ 0: Hvaler: Brenne on Centaurea jacea cies is known from Sweden, Denmark, Finland 18. VII 1947, Reff on Centaurea scabiosa and Great Britain. 20. VII 1947, Bolingshamn on Centaurea sca­ biosa 20. VII 1947, Botne on Centaurea jacea Dactynotus (Uromelan) taraxaci (Kaltenbach 29. VII 1947. HEs: Stange: Sollia on Centaurea 1843) jacea 22. VII 1945. On: Vaga: Vagamo on First published from Norway by Tambs­ Centaurea scabiosa 11. VII 1953. B0: Dram- Lyche (1957) from Nsy: Tjotta and Nnv: Had- 14 H. TAMBS-LYCHE se!. Ossiannilsson (1962) records the species Geographical distribution: Europe, USA. from VE: Stn'lmm. The species is known from Sweden, Finland, HOi: Ullensvang: Opedal on Taraxacum sp. Great Britain and Denmark (Heie, in litt.). (leg. Lundetne) 3. VI 1953. Trappings in yellow trays: AK: As: Volle­ Amphorophora rubi (Kaltenbach 1843) bekk, Ry: Hetland: Forus, HOy: Fana: Stend Probably first recorded as Siphonophora and Biological Station. rubi in 1927 in the State Entomologists' An­ This species was very commonly found in nual Reports (T. H. Sch0yen 1922-1941). Other the traps. I have, however, never found it my­ records by Ossiannilsson (1962), Fjelddalen self on the host plant in Norway. The above­ (1964) and Heikinheimo (1966). cited record was a sample sent to me for HOy: Fana: Stend on Rubus idaeus 9. VII identification. The Taraxacum-plants were said 1954, Biological Station on Rubus idaeus to be strongly attacked with dense colonies on 12. VII 1957 and 26. IX 1958 (ovipara), Feste­ the stems. vik on Rubus idaeus 21. VI 1959. HOi: Kvinn­ Geographical distribution: Europe, North herad: Vage, Sunde 12. VII 1949 and Sunde­ America. The species is known from Sweden, vagen 9. VIII 1949 both localities on Rubus Denmark, Finland and Great Britain. fruticosus, Eidfjord: L0kjafeti, Hardangervidda by thrashing Rubus chamaemorus 25. VIII METOPEURUM Mordvilko 1914 1961, Voss: Mj0lfjell on Rubus chamaemorus Metopeurum fuscoviride Stroyan 1950. 21. VII 1953. TRi: Malselv: Malselv bridge on (= Pharalis tanaceti (Linne) sensu Hille Ris Rubus idaeus 23. VII 1950. Fi: Karasjok on Lambers 1939.) H. Siebke 1874: Aphis tana­ Rubus chamaemorus 7. VII 1955. ceti Linne. Geographical distribution: Europe, Western As Siebke's aphids are not revised there is Asia and USA. no certainty that the aphids he listed under Aphis tanaceti really belong to this species, but on the assumption that he had before him the DELPHINIOBIUM Mordvilko 1914 species Kaltenbach called Aphis tanaceti, it Delphiniobium junackianum (Karsch 1878) should be placed here. He recorded the species Published from Norway by Tambs-Lyche from AK: Oslo. I have not as yet found the (1961) (leg. Fjelddalen) and Fjelddalen (1964) species on its host T anacetum vulgare. from Ry: Stavanger. AK: As: Vollebekk, trapped in yellow trays. Geographical distribution: Germany, Great Geographical distribution: Europe. The spe­ Britain, Netherlands, Russia, Sweden and Den­ cies is known from Sweden, Denmark, Finland mark. and Great Britain.

AMPHOROPHORA Buckton 1876 Amphorophora ampu[[ata Buckton 1876. MEGOURA Buckton 1876 First published from Norway by Ossiannils­ Megoura viciae Buckton 1876. son (1962) from B0: Drammen. H. Siebke 1874: Aphis viciae Kaltenbach. HOy: Fana: Espeland by sweeping mixed First published from Norway by Siebke vegetation 14. IX 1952 (ovipara) (leg. N. Op­ (1874) from AK: Oslo. Tarnbs-Lyche published heim). HOi: Kvam: Fyksesund on Dryopteris records (1957) from STi: Strinda and Ossian­ phegopteris 14. VIII 1958. nilsson (1962) from B0. Trappings in yellow trays: AK: As: Volle­ VAy: Spangereid: Ramsland on Vicia sp. bekk. 25. VII 1963. Halse og Harkmark: Lande on STUDIES ON NORWEGIAN APHIDS 15

Convallaria majalis (accidentally) 24. VII 1953 without giving localities, which are therefore (alate is). recorded here. Trappings in yellow trays: AK: As: Volle­ On: Vaga: Storhaug on Arctostaphylos al­ bekk, HOy: Fana: Biological Station. pina 12. VII 1953. HOy: Fana: Nordre Egg­ Geographical distribution: Palaearctic. holmen on Vaccinium vitis idaea 7. IX 1952. Trapped in yellow trays: AK: As: Volle­ MEGOURELLA Hille Ris Lambers 1949 bekk, HOy: Fana: Stend. Geographical distribution: Great Britain and Megourella purpurea Hille Ris Lambers 1949. Published here for the first time from Nor­ Sweden. way. I have not found the species on its host Lathyrus pratensis. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AK: As: Vollebekk trapped in yellow trays. A fellowship from the Norwegian Agricultural Geographical distribution: Netherlands, Great Britain, Sweden, Finland (Heikinheimo Research Council in 1952 made possible stud­ in litt.). ies in Cambridge with Dr. H. L. G. Stroyan, and a visit to Bennekom to Dr. D. Hille Ris Megourella tribulis (Walker 1849) Lambers. Both gave generous help and advice, Published here for the first time from Nor­ and without this help, so readily given both way. then and later whenever it was needed, it HOy: Fana: Stend and Biological Station would not have been possible to continue the trapped in yellow trays. studies of the Norwegian aphid fauna. The species was found several times in the The preparation of the aphids from the trap traps, but I have not as yet found it on its collections was very time-consuming, but it was host Vicia sepium. greatly facilitated by the kind assistance of­ Geographical distribution: Great Britain, fered by the British Museum (Natural His­ Netherlands, and from one locality in Sweden tory) through Dr. V. F. Eastop. Preparations (Uppsala). were made of a great part of the material from 1954, and the species were identified by W AHLGRENIELLA I-Iille Ris Lambers 1949 Dr. Eastop. These identifications provided a Wahlgreniella ossiannilssoni Hille Ris Lambers very welcome check on those which were First published from Norway by Tambs­ made in Norway and the friendly help thereby Lyche (1955) without giving any localities, given by Dr. Eastop and his staff is gratefully which are therefore recorded here. acknowledged. On: Vaga: Skjerva 12. VII 1953. HOy: Economic support given by the Norwegian Stord: Dcgernessund 17. VI 1953, Austevoll: Agricultural Research Council in the earliest Horgo 21. VIII 1953, Fana: Nordre Eggholmen years and the travel grant which made possible 7. VIII 1952,7. IX 1952 (oviparae), 7. VI 1953. the contact with British and Dutch aphido­ 21.IX 1957 (oviparae and alate is is), 18.VIII logists, and a fellowship from the Norwegian 1961. Fn: Kistrand: Sm~rstad, Lakselv 6. VII Research Council for Science and Humanities 1955. In all localities on Arctostaphylos uva during the years 1954-1959, as well as later ursi. grants and loan of equipment, is gratefully Geographical distribution: The species is acknowledged. The Biological Station, Univer­ known from Sweden, Finland, Great Britain, sity of Bergen, through its director Professor France (Pyrenees). Dr. H. Brattstr~m provided excellent working facilities over many years. Dr. O. Heie and Dr. Wahlgreniella vaccinii (Theobald 1924) O. Heikinheimo have kindly permitted me to First published by Tambs-Lyche (1955) mention unpublished records. 16 H. TAMBS-LYCHE

REFERENCES HILLE RIS LAMBERS, D. (1955) Hemiptera 2. Aphididae. Zoology Iceland 3, 1-29. BORNER, C. (1952) Europae centralis Aphides. Mitt. KALTENBACH, J. H. (1843) Monographie der Familien Thuring. bot. Ges., Beiheft 3,1-454. der Pflanzenliiuse (Phytophtires). 1. Teil. Die Blatt­ FABRICIUS, J. C. (1779) Reise nach Norwegen. Ham­ und Erdliiuse (Aphidina et Hyponomeutus). Aachen. burg. KLOET, G. S. & HINCKS, W. D. (1964) A check list of FJELDDALEN, J. (1964) Aphids recorded on cultivated British insects. Vol. 11. London. plants in Norway 1946-62. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 12, OSSIANNILSSON, F. (1959) Contributions to the 259-295. knowledge of Swedish aphids. 11. List of species with HEIE, O. (1960) A list of Danish aphids. 1. Ent. Meddr. ecological notes. K. Lantbr. Hogsk. Ann. 25, 375-527. 29, 193-211. OSSIANNILSSON, F. (1962) Hemipterfynd i Norge 1960. HEIE, O. (1961) A list of Danish aphids. 2. Ent. Meddr. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 12,56-61. 31,77-96. PRIOR, R. N. B. & STROYAN, H. L. G. (1960) On a new HEIE, O. (1962) A list of Danish aphids. 3. Ent. Meddr. collection of aphids from Iceland. Ent. Meddr. 29, 31, 203-224. 266-293. HEIE, O. (1964a) A list of Danish aphids. 4. Ent. Meddr. REITZEL, J. (1965) Nogle nye og sjreldne bladlusarter 32,341-359. for den danske fauna. Mdnedsovers. PI. Sygd. 419, HEIE, O. (1964b) Aphids collected in Iceland in August 81-82. 1961. (Homoptera, Aphididae.) Ent. Meddr. 32, SCHOYEN, T. H. (1941-1921) Beretning om skadein­ 220-235. sekter og plantesygdomme i land- og havebruket HElE, O. (1967) A list of Danish aphids. 5. Ent. Meddr. Arsberetn. of! Foranst. Landbr. Frem. (1913-1920). 35, 125-141. SCHOYEN, T. H. (1922-1941) Melding om skadein­ HEIE, O. & HElKINHEIMO, O. (1966) Aphids collected in sekter i jord- og hagebruk. Arsberetn. of! Foranst. Finland during the 12th NJF Congress in 1963. Landbr. Frem. (1920-1939). Suom. hyont. Aikak. (Ann. Ent. Fenn.) 32, 113-127. SCHOYEN, W. M. (1893-1912) Beretning om Skadein­ HEIKINHEIMO, O. (1944) Fur die finnische Fauna sekter of Plantesygdomme i Land- og Havebruget. neue Blattlause. (Horn., Aphidoidea) Suom. hyont. Arsberetn. off: Foranst. Landbr. Frem. (1892-1913). Aikak. (Ann. Ent. Fenn.) 10, 1-7. SIEBKE, H. (1874) Enumeratio Insectorum Norwegiorum. HEIKINHEIMO, O. (1963) Fur die finnische Fauna neue Fasc. I. Christiania. Blattliiuse (Horn., Aphidoidea). 11. Suom. hyont. STRAND, A. (1943) Inndelingen av Norge til bruk ved Aikak. (Ann. Ent. Fenn.) 29, 184-190. faunistiske oppgaver. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 6, 208-224. HEIKINHEIMO, O. (1966) Aphids (Horn., Aphidoidea) STROM, H. (1762) Physisk og oeconomisk Beskrivelse caught in Norway SFi: Aurland under an excursion over Sondmer. Soroe. of the 13th Congress of Fennoscandian Entomolo­ TAMBS-LYCHE, H. (1950) Aphids on potato foliage in gists, in August 14-16 1965. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 13, Norway. I. With a supplement on aphids in green­ 387-392. houses. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 8,17-46. HILLE RIS LAMBERS, D. (1938) Contributions to a TAMBS-LYCHE, H. (1955) Undersokelser over den monograph of the Aphididae of Europe. I. Tem­ norske bladlusfauna. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 9, 123-125. minckia 3, 1-44. TAMBS-LYCHE, H. (1956) Kvantitative undersokelser HILLE RIS LAMBERS, D. (1939) Contributions to a over flyvende bladlus i Norge 1954-55. Nord. Jordbr. monograph of the Aphidiae of Europe. 11. Tem­ Forsk. 38, 462-463. minckia 4,1-134. TAMBS-LYCHE, H. (1957) Aphids on potato foliage in HILLE RIS LAMBERS, D. (1947) Contributions to a Norway. II. Investigations of potato fields in North monograph of the Aphididae of Europe. Ill. Tem­ Norway. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 10,73-90. minckia 7, 179-320. TAMBS-LYCHE, H. (1961) Noen norske bladlus (Hemip­ HILLE RIS LAMBERS, D. (1949) Contributions to a tera, Aphidae) vesentlig fra kulturplanter. Norsk ent. monograph of the Aphididae of Europe. IV. Tem­ Tidsskr. 11,224-234. minckia 8, 182-323. THEOBALD, V. F. (1926-1929) Aphididae of Great HILLE RIS LAMBERS, D. (1953) Contributions to a Britain. I-Ill. London. monograph of the Aphididae of Europe. V. Tem­ THUNEBERG, E. (1960) Beitriige zur Kenntnis der minckia 9, 1-176. finnischen Blatt- und Schild-liiuse (Horn., Aphidoidea STUDIES ON NORWEGIAN APHIDS 17

et Coccoidea) sowie deren Parasiten. I. Suam. hyont. deren Parasiten. Ill. Suam. hyont. Aikak. (Ann. Ent. Aikak. (Ann. Ent. Fenn.) 26, 97-99. Fenn.) 29, 130-134. THUNEBERG, E. (1962) Beitriige zur Kenntnis der THUNEBERG, E. (1966) Beitriige zur Kenntnis der finnischen B1att- und Schild-liiuse (Horn., Aphidoidea finnischen B1att- und Schild-liiuse (Horn., Aphiodidea et Coccoidea) sowie deren Parasiten. 11. Suam. et Coccoidea) sowie deren Parasiten. IV. Suam. hyont. Aikak. (Ann. Ent. Fenn.) 28, 40-43. hyont. Aikak. (Ann. Ent. Fenn.) 32, 153-158. THUNEBERG, E. (1963) Beitriige zur Kenntnis der WAHLGREN, E. (1939) Revision von Zetterstedt's finnischen B1attliiuse (Horn., Aphidoidea) sowie lappliindischen Aphidina. Opusc. ent. 4, 1-9.

Received 14 February 1968

2 - X ursk ent. Tidsskr. Stilbia anomala Hw. ny for Skandinavia (Lep., Noctuidae)

ARNE NIELSEN Sandnes

Abstract: NIELSEN, A. 1968. Stilbia anomala Hw. ny for Skandinavia (Lep., Noctuidae). Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 15, 18. Stilbia Gllomala Hw. is reported for the first time in Norway from Sandnes, Rogaland. One single male was collected on 7 August 1967. The species is new to Scandinavia.

Et enkelt eksemplar av denne art, (en ~), ble pa Orkn0yene. South (1948) anf0rer at den tatt pa kvikks01vlampe 7/8, -67 like ved Gands­ utenom England bare synes Viere patruffet i fjorden pa Dale i Sandnes. Dale sjukehus (ni Frankrike, Central- og Vest-Tyskland, samt i Rogaland psykiatriske sjukehus) la tidligere i det sydlige Spania (som var. andalusiaca Hetland. Sykehuset har et ubebodd omrade pi Staud.) og i Syria som var. syriaca Staud. Lar­ ca. 7 km2 st0rrelse, dels liggende til fjorden, Yen, som lever pi grasarter fra h0sten til i dels under og omkring den ca. 300 m h0ye mars, forekommer i gr0nne og m0rkt brune Dalsnuten. Langs fjorden er det rikelig med varianter kjennetegnet med bred hvitaktig knauser hvor hovedvegetasjonen er bj0rk, eik, stripe langs sidene. selje, einer, pors og Iyng. Dette nevnes fordi S. anomala av South (1948) omtales som 'a LITTERATUR local species, but sometimes not uncommon on PIERCE, F. N. 1909. The genitalia ofthe group Noctuidae heaths or in rocky places by the sea'. ofLepidoptera of the British Islands. A. W. Duncan, Arten er avbildet i nevnte verk og de hann­ Liverpool (88 p). ZElTZ, A. 1914. Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. 3. lige genitialier er avbildet hos Pierce (1909). Band 1 Abt. Die palaerktischen Eulen. Tafelll. Verlag Det fundne eksemplar (se fig. 1 og 2) stemmer des Seitz'schen Werkes. Stuttgart (75 p). godt overens med disse kildene. Dessuten har SOUTH, R. 1948. The moths of the British Isles. F. konservator Knaben j brev meddelt meg at Warne, London, New York (360 p.). imago ogsa stemmer n0ye med fig. e. Tafel 42 Mottat 25 November 1967 hos Seitz (1914). Arten som synes a ha en ganske stor utbre­ delse i det sydlige England m. Wales, er ogsa patruffet i Irland, pi 0en Man, i Skottland og

Fig. l. Stilbia anomala Hw. -. Vingespenn 34 mm. Fig. 2. Hannlige genitalier til Stilhia allomala Hw. Studies on the Diptera Brachycera Fauna of the Sea Shores in North Norway

RICHARD DAHL Per Eskilsgatan 28, Helsingborg, Sweden

Abstract: DAHL, R. 1968. Studies on the Diptera Brachycera Fauna of the Sea Shores in North Norway. Narsk ent. Tidsskr. 15, 19-27. This paper is based upon the results of an entomological journey in North Norway in 1956, during which 315 species of Diptera Brachycera were collected. As the material comes mainly from sea shore localities, it is recorded with due regard to the ecological distribution of the most frequent species in the various distinct types of shore biotopes. A comparison of the ecological groups of Diptera Brachycera from North Norway and North America shows that of the 28 typical sea shore flies in North Norway, 17 are known from the coasts of North America.

INTRODUCTION marsh, B. The more protected, consisting of mainly organic and more fine-grained ma­ During a journey in northern Norway in June­ terial, the mud marsh, C. The most protected, July 1956 I made intensive studies of Diptera often situated at a higher level with a vegeta­ Brachycera at different shore localities in tion, forming a more or less close vegetation, North Norway, almost all of them on the Arc­ the grass marsh. Band C are often well estab­ tic Ocean shore. Almost all of the localities, lished at the estuaries of larger rivers, where in other words, are North of the Arctic Circle. the supply of organic substrate is good. The geographical divisions follow Strand (1943). The exposed sand shore often has a mosaic from the dune heath vegetation at its higher DESCRIPTION OF THE BIO-r:0PES AND levels. Therefore, attempts have been made to THEIR DIPTEROUS FAUNA separate a dune heath biotope, which may be With regard to degree of exposition to the sea, of interest with regard to the investigations inclination, soil properties etc., the shore bio­ made at the coasts of Finland (Krogerus 1932) topes may be divided into different types, all and Sweden (Ard0 1957). being suitable for an ecological study. Where On several coast localities the zone directly the rock ground is solid or splintered in big above the tidal zone is a ground with closed blocks at the shore, there is seldom sufficient vegetation of grass and herbs. I have defined l organic material to establish the basis for a two biotopes in this upper zone: The grass I stable coenose of Diptera. Only the rock pool meadow and the herb meadow, both being biotope has been studied on these shores. more or less exposed to grazing. The last­ A much richer fauna is found on the shallow named biotope is distinguished from the other shores where the tide characterizes the coast meadow type by a predominance of insect­ and different types of organic material are pollinated plants. deposited. Depending on its composition and Though the investigations were restricted to the possible vegetation, three different biotopes coastal localities, some inland biotopes have have been studied: A. The most exposed where also been studied for comparison. Thus col­ sand is the predominant component, the sand lecting of Diptera was made on several sandy 20 R.DAHL

2 localities: Ephydra riparia. Thus the Ephydra-species show a low degree of constancy within this biotope in northern Norway as a contrast to corresponding locali­ ties in the south of Sweden (Dahl 1959). A comparison with the results of Johnsen (1946), obtained from the study of rock pools on Bornholm, Denmark, shows that only two species are in common, Ephydra riparia and Scafella sfagllalis, a fact mostly due to the poor investigation of Diptera Brachycera, only five species being recorded from this island.

The sand marsh The exposed coastal low land with a sandy Fig. 1. In many localities rock pools show a various bottom material (Fig. 2) is of course difficult degree of exposition to inundation by tides and storm to distinguish both from other types of marshy waters, thus creating pools of different values of shores and from sand shores not exposed to salinity. Rigidly bound to the biotope is Hi/ara maura, the tide. The organic material increases with Leptocera fontina/is, Hydrellia griseo/a, Scatella the distance from the water, and also as the stagna/is and Ephydra species (Fi: Talvik). vegetation becomes more closed, beginning with single plants of Carex goodenowii, Scirpus lake shores, almost all of them in the regio alpina. But little ecological information can be given from the few specimens collected. On the other hand, rich material has been collected in localities of the bog meadow biotope, which with its hygrophilous fauna may be used for comparison with the fauna of the saline sea shore.

The rock pool The rock pool biotope (Fig. I) belongs to the group of rather intensely studied biotopes in North Europe. There are various attempts to distinguish different types of rock pools (e.g. Lindberg 1944) but the few localities here studied imply only rocky basins with salt water, provided by sea at high-water level. Localities. Nn~. S~rkil; TRi. Gratangen; Fig. 2. In connexion with drier parts of the sand marsh Balsfjordbotn; Kvenangsbotn; Fi. Talvik; Fn. biotope (with Xiphandrium monofrichum, Hydrophorus Ifjord (two localities); Vard~ (two localities). norvegicus, Themira putris and Scatella quadrisetosa as most prominent species) the dune heath forms a 9 localities, 19 species, 42 specimens. range of a mosaic character, consisting of association­ Most frequent species: fragments of Ho,nckenya peploides, Elymus arenarius 4 localities: Hilara maura, Leptocera fontina­ etc. with a diptera coenose dominated by Hi/ara lis, Hydrellia griseola, Scatella sfagnalis. griseola, Scatella stagnalis and Nupedia dissecta (TRi: 3 localities: Ephydra alalldica. Balsfjordbotn). DIPTERA BRACHYCERA OF THE SEA SHORES 21 rufus and pauciflorus and Festuca rubra. Often southern Sweden: Helina protuberans, Delia Elymus and Honckenya form associations on quadripila, Thoracochaeta zosterae, Scatophaga dried parts of this shore type. litorea, Fucellia fucorum, Spilogona contracti­ Localities. Nsi. Mo i Rana; Saltdal; TRi. frons (common at all moist places) and Pa­ Gratangen; Fv. Langfjord; Fn. Lakselv; Var­ regie cinerella. angerbotn; Smalfjord. 7 localities, 40 species, 350 specimens, The mud marsh Most frequent species: The big content of organic material charac­ 6 localities: Scatella stagnalis, S. quadrisetosa. terizing the mud marsh constitutes a biotope 4 localities: Xiphandrium monotrichum, Hy­ with a rich flora and fauna, among others drop}lOrus norvegicus, Themira putris. Scirpus uniglumis, Carex heleonastes and ca­ 3 localities: Porphyros riparius, Hydrellia gri­ nescens, and grasses such as Festuca rubra and seola, Scatophaga litorea, Collinellula lutosa. Agrostis stolonifera. In some localities Primula sibirica is not rare. The dune heath Localities. TRi. Gratangen; Sl'Jrkil; Balsfjord­ On many shores dry sand forms an inter­ botn; Fi. Altafjordbotn (two localities); Fn. mediate zone between the moist biotopes near Storfjord, Lakselv. 7 localities, 33 species, 367 sea level and the meadows which often consti­ specimens. tute the highest parts of a shore profile. Often Most frequent species: the vegetation of this zone is of a type sug­ All localities: Scatella quadrisetosa. gesting comparison with its counterpart on the 6 localities: Porphyros riparia. shores of southern Fennoscandia. From this 5 localities: Hydrophorus norvegicus. point of view every locality with a closed vege­ 4 localities: Hydrophorus praecox, Hilara tation of Elymus and Honckenya has been griseola, Hydrellia griseola. studied and is here referred to the dune heath In this biotope, species with a high degree biotope (Fig. 2), a term not quite correspond­ of constancy had a high abundance too, espe­ ing to the more limited concept used by Ardl'J cially Scalella quadrisetosa. (1957). This is a consequence of the indistinct zonation of the localities in northern Norway The grass marsh compared with those in southern Sweden. On The grass-dominated lowlands (Fig. 3) ap­ the localities here studied, the zone is broken pearing on sheltered coasts seem to be mor­ up into several plant associations, separated by phologically closely related to the south-west­ open sand, all forming a mosaic, such as as­ ern Swedish coast meadows. The salt water sociations of Festuca rubra and ovina, Poa support, however, is more regular, the spring pratensis, Astralagus alpinus, Lathyrus mariti· tide playing a particularly important role in mus etc" alternating with the vegetation of this respect. Climatic conditions prevent any Elymus and Honckenya. direct comparisons between these two types of Localities. Nsi. Mo i Rana; TRi. Balsfjord­ coastal meadows. botn; Fn. Tana bru; Tanafjord; Tornvik; Localities. Mnl'J. Djupvik; Fn. Lakselv (two Vardl'J. 6 localities, 36 species, 146 specimens. localities); Varangerbotn;' Smalfjord; Bjl'Jrnnes. Most frequent species: 6 localities, 48 species, 299 specimens. 2 localities: Hydrellia griseola, Scatella stag­ Most frequent species: nalis, Nupedia dissecta, Acroptena nuda, 4 localities: Scellus spinimanus, Porphyros ri­ Scatophaga litorea, S. stercoraria. paria. Among the collected material the following 3 localities: Hygroceleuthus latipennis, Schoe­ species are mentioned by Ardl'J (1957) in his nomyza Worella, Scatophaga litorea, S. ster­ list of stenotope marine shore dune diptera in coraria, Parallelomma fuscipes. 22 R.DAHL

good life conditions. Of the investigated locali­ ties, two are situated outside any shore zona­ tion. Localities. Nsi. Dunderland; Nn0. Djupvik; TRi. Gratangen (three localities); S0rkjos; Kvenangsbotn; Fn. Lakselv (two localities); Tanafjord; Adamsfjord. 11 localities, 118 spe­ cies, 281 specimens. Most frequent species: 6 localities: Melanostoma mellinum. 5 localities: Melanostoma scalare, Lasiops ni­ gritellus, H ilara intcrstilleta, H.maura, Bicel­ laria SIlbpilosa. 4 localities: Fannia serena, Scatophaga suilla, Fig. 3. On sheltered low land coasts the grass marsh· Lasiops aculeipes, Cheilosia vernalis, Platy­ with Sc:ellus spiniman/ls and Porphyrus riparia as the chirus manicatus. most interesting species· is the natural continuation 3 localities: Hilara griseola, Rhamphomyia al­ at higher parts of the mud marsh, which has Scatella bissima, Lycia laeta, Lauxania cylindricar­ quadrisetosa as a very characteristic species in the nis, Scatella stagnalis, Lasiops ateI', L.inno­ diptera coenose. (Fn: Tanafjord) cuus, Okeniella caudata, Microprosopa pal­ licauda, Scatophaga stercoraria, Sepsis flavi­ Ringdahl (1959) gives a list of flies from mana, Nemapoda sp. (the three last-named coastal meadows. An attempt at a comparison being pronouncedly coprophilous). with his records gives the following results: A. Flies common in coastal meadows in both districts: Hygroceleuthus latipennis, Por­ The herb meadow phyros riparia, Scatophaga litorea, Scatella A distinction between the two meadow bio­ stagnalis. topes, the grass and the herb meadow, is na· B. Flies common in my northern localities, turally debatable, especially since abiotic fac­ not listed by Ringdahl: Scellus spinimanus, tors do not show any important differences. Scatella quadrisetosa, Parallelomma fuscipes. The main reason for this distinction is the C. Flies common in the southern localities, vegetation, which in the herb meadow, in con­ not collected in this investigation: This applies trast to the grass meadow, is dominated by to many flies e.g. the Nemotelus-specis. char­ 'insect-flowers', such as Solidago virgaurea, acteristic of many coastal meadows in the Ranunculus-species, Trollius europaeus, Saus­ south and like other Stratiomyiids southern in surea alpina, Veronica longifolia and so on. distribution. Localities. Nsi. Mo i Rana (several localities); Nn0. R0svik; TRi. Gratangen (several locali­ The grass meadow ties); Ma1selv; TRy. Troms0; Sandbukt; Fn. The upper boundary of the true shore is Tana bru (several localities). 13 localities, 116 often formed by grazing ground with a vege­ species, 365 specimens. tation of Poa pratensis, Festuca rubra, Aira Most frequenting species: caespitosa and Anthoxantemum odoratum. In 6 localities: Scatophaga suilla, Fannia serena. addition, single herbs appear, such as Ra­ 5 localities: Melanostoma mellinum. nunculus-species, Trollius europaeus and Achil­ 4 localities: Melanostoma sealare, Scatophaga lea millefolium. Thanks to the droppings of stercoraria, Coelomyia spathulata. the grazing cattle, coprophilous Diptera have 3 localities: Platychirus peltatus, Hilara maura, DlPTERA BRACHYCERA OF THE SEA SHORES 23

Sepsis flavimana, Scatophaga lutaria, Lasiops and to abiotic factors. It is often developed ater. at a higher attitude, and also in the regio al· Among species found on two localities the pina. The annual temperature amplitude is lar­ following may be mentioned: Symphoromyia ger, the humidity is higher, the substrate is crassicornis, Porphyros riparia, Empis lucida, poorer. Connexion with a shore zonation is un­ Nupedia dissecta, and Hydrophoria conica. common. The vegetation is characterized by A comparison between the two meadow bio­ Eriophorum-species such as angustifolium, va­ topes shows a good agreement, the following ginatum and scheuchzeri, Scirpus caespitosus, species being common to both types: Betula nana, Andromeda polifolia, Rubus cha­ maemorus and Empetrum-species etc. Platychirus peltatus Localities. Nsi. Fauske; Nn0. Knlkmo; S0r­ P.manicatus kil; TRi. Bardu; S0rkjos; Fi. Kafjord; Alta; Melanostoma mellinum Fn. Tanafjord; Vard0; Vicksa; Ifjord; B0rselv. Mscalare 12 localities, 67 species, 191 specimens. Scatophaga suilla Most frequent species: Sstercoraria 7 localities: Empis lucida. S.lutaria 6 localities: Rhamphomyia obscura. Lasiops ater 5 localities: Hilara interstincta. L.nigrite/ius L.aculeipes 4 localities: Empis borealis, Renocera striata, Lycia laeta Melanostoma mellinum. Hilara maura 3 localities: Neoascia dispar, Dolichopus ma­ Bicellaria subpilosa culipennis, D .stenhammari, Lispocephala Fannia serena erythrocera, Spilogona macropyga, Nupedia dissecta, Scatophaga furcata, Okeniella cau· On the other hand the ecological distribu­ data, Parallelomma fu~'Cipes. tion of other species calls for a distinction. The following species of more or less high con· Discussion stancy have been found in one of the two bio­ The constancy values give an estimation of topes only: the regularity of the appearance of a species The grass meadow.. within a coenose of a biotope. As a summary, Hi/ara intersticta Table I records all the biotopes and their most Xiphandrium monotrichum representative species mentioned above. This Schoenomyza litore/la table may also form a basis for an estimation Okeniella caudata of the homogeneity of the biotopes selected as Microprosopa pallicauda far as the Diptera coenoses are concerned. A Lauxania cylindricornis high constancy value for a number of species is a sign of a homogenous coenose. Examples The herb meadow of these are found in the sand, mud and grass Coelomyia spathulata marsh biotopes. Of the remaining biotopes C subpellucens treated, the grass, herb and bog meadows and Hydrophoria conica the rock pool have a fairly constant Diptera Nupedia dissecta coenose, the dune heath less so. I have stated that biotopes of a zonated The bog meadow shore type have a good Ephydrid coenose in The bog meadow is different from other contrast to biotopes of a mosaic or non-shore­ meadow types both with respect to vegetation bound type (DaW 1959 p. 45). This statement 24 R.DAHL

Table I. Ecological grouping of the dipterous sea shore fauna based upon the values of con- stancy (%)*

rock sand dune mud grass grass herb bog pool marsh heath marsh marsh meadow meadow meadow

Dolichopodidae Dolichopus maculipennis 25 D. stenhammari 25 Hygroceleuthus latipennis 50 Hydrophorus norvegicus 57 63 H.praecox 50 Sce/Ius spinimanus 66 Porphyros riparia 43 75 66 Xiphandrium monotrichum 57

Empididae Empis borealis 33 E.lucida 58 Hi/ara griseola 50 38 H. interstincta 50 42 H. maura 57 63 38 Rhamphomyia albissima 38 R. obscura 50

Syrphidae Chei/osia vernalis 50 Platychirus manicatus 50 P.peltatus 38 Melanostoma mellinum 75 63 33 M. scalare 63 50 Neoacia dispar 25

Sepsidae Nemopoda pectinulata 38 Themira putris 57 Spesis jlavimana 38 38

Sciomyzidae Renocera striata 33

*The number of samples in which a species has been found, divided by the total number of samples, multiplied by 100 and expressed as a percentage. DIPTERA BRACHYCERA OF THE SEA SHORES 25

Table I. Continued

rock sand dune mud grass grass herb bog pool marsh heath marsh marsh meadow meadow meadow

Ephydridae Ephydra alandica 43 Scatella quadrisetosa 86 100 S. stagnalis 57 86 33 38 Hydrellia griseola 57 43 33 50

Sphaeroceridae Collinelluta lutosa 43 Leptocera fontinalis 57

Muscidae Lasiops ater 38 38 25 L. aculeipes 50 L. innocuus 38 Fannia serena 50 75 Coelomyia spathulata 50 Lispocephala erythrocera 25 Schoenomyza litorella 50

Anthomyiidae Acroptena nuda 33 Nupedia dissecta 33 25

Scatophagidae Parallelomma fuscipes 50 Okeniella caudata 38 25 Microprosopa pallicauda 38 Scatophagafurcata 25 ., S.litorea 43 33 50 S.lutaria 38 S. stercoraria 33 50 38 50 S. suilla 50 75

.. 20 R.DAHL can be expanded to be applicable to the whole the ecological barrier formed by a forest zone. Diptera Brachycera coenoses as proved by the From Iceland Lindroth (1931) gives many ex­ present investigations in North Norway. amples, both among plants and among Cole­ The distribution of the large Diptera Brachy­ optera, and from the same island, Tuxen et al. cera families on the different biotopes is very (1954, p. 152) mention Fucomyia jrigida and marked. In Table I the species of a high con­ Scatophaga villipes. both sea-shore species, as stancy listed above form a basis for an evalua­ found on the central highland. tion of ecological distribution. The Dolicho­ podids and Ephydrids dominate in the shore biotopes, especially in the marsh types; the SOME REMARKS ON THE Empidid.l' appear regularly in the grass mea­ GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF dow but are especially predominant in the bog THE SHORE SPECIES meadow. The Syrphids are mainly confined to In my North Norwegian material of 315 spe­ the grass and herb meadows, an ecological dis­ cies, 112 species are so far recorded as Ameri­ tribution that is also typical for the Muscids. can. Of the typical shore flies collected in The most eurytopic character, besides the North Norway, the following ones are also Ephydrids Hydrellia griseola and Scatella stag­ known from North America: nalis. is shown by the Scatophagids. There is a remarkable distinction between Hydrodromia stagnalis the herb and grass meadow biotopes on one Hilara bistriata hand and all the rest on the other, the former Porphyros crassipes being inhabited by a very large number of Scellus spinimanus species, 116-118, the latter by only 19-67 spe­ T hemira putris cies. Limosina crassimana The most characteristic types of coastal Scatella paludum biotopes, with their most prominent Diptera S. quadrisetosa species, have been described. In comparison Ephydra ripal'ia with South Scandinavia most species are in Pelina aenescens common. With regard to the composition of Trichopalpus punctipes the coastal shore coenoses it is interesting to Ceratinostoma ostiorum note how in these certain typical alpine species Scatophaga litorea -often appearing in the bog meadow biotope Spilognna ael'ea -may be rather common, e.g. Dolichopus S.arenosa maculipennis. D .stenhammari, Hydrophorus Lispe tentaculata pilipe.l'. Diaphoru.l' nigricans. and Spilogona Fucellia jucorum arenosa. This is a distribution tendency that is known Thus of 28 species recorded as typical sea in many other animal and plant groups (Lind­ shore flies in North Norway, 17 are also known roth 1931 p. 439), and can be explained by the from the coasts of North America. Of these, similarities of some environmental factors two species are only recorded from the most within these separate biotopes, above all the northern shores of the continents, Scatella dry substrate, a result either of sun exposition quadri.l'etosa and Ceratinostoma ostiorum. The or of a high degree of salinity, or both. Of European species not known from North Ame­ course, this tendency is most easy to study rica have a more southern tendency in their in localities situated at higher latitudes, where distribution and most of them are boreal spe­ the shore biotopes are established in close con­ cies with only few arctic localities. nexion with alpine biotopes and not isolated by The majority of the typical sea shore species DlPTERA BRACHYCERA OF THE SEA SHORES 27 have their distribution centre in the north of Dolichopodidae specimens), Fil. dr. W. Hellen, the Atlantic and neighbouring seas. As a mat­ Helsingfors (Syrphidae: Cheilosia), Docent W. ter of course this implies that the fauna of Hackman, Helsingfors (Sphaeroceridae: Limo­ coast shore biotopes can be characterized as sina), Prof. M. Hennig, Stuttgart ISepsidae: having one of the widest geographical distri­ 1 specimen), Prof. H. Kauri, Bergen (Tabani­ butions in the Arctic districts in comparison to dae), Prof. R. Tuomikoski, Helsingfors (Em­ the fauna of other biotopes. This fact can be pididae: Bicellaria, Hilara), Dr. R. Vockeroth, a result of the distribution ecological factors Ottawa (Scatophagidae). favouring the dispersion of the shore species. Most thanks are due to myoid friend and But more probably this large distribution teacher, the late fil. dr. O. Ringdahl, who has area is caused by the better possibilities of sur­ helped me with the determination of some vival during the Ice Ages that marked the shore Dolichopodidae, Syrphidae, Muscidae and An­ species. At any rate the climatic conditions thomyiidae. were somewhat better in the ice-free coastal Thanks to the kindness of Dr. R. Vockeroth, belts with their higher humidity and moderate Ottawa, some Canadian dipterologists-besides temperature. The retreating sea uncovered new Dr. Vockeroth himself, Dr. J. G. Chillcott and land on the continental shelves and new shore Dr. G. E. Shewell-have gone through my biotopes were formed with the variation of the species list, identifying all species known from ice masses. North America. The composition of the diptera coenoses of the North Norwegian shore biotopes may be characterized as having two ongms, one formed by species invading the localities from REFERENCES distribution centres in more south-easterly ARDO, P, (1957) Studies in the Marine Shore Dune parts of the Eur-Asiatic land mass, the other Ecosystem with special reference to the Dipterous represented by species regarded as Wurm­ Fauna. Opusc, ent" Suppl.XIV, (255 p.). hibernating and colonizing these localities DAHL, R. (1959) Studies on Scandinavian Ephydridae from any of the many refugial areas in the (Diptera Brachycera). Opusc. ent., Suppl. XV. (224 P.). JOHNSEN, P. (1946) The rock pools of Bornholm and Arctic or Atlantic Oceans. Before a more valid their fauna. Vidensk. Meddr. dansk naturh. Foren. decision can be made on which of these two 109, 1-53. groups a shore species belongs to, it will be KROGERUS, R. (1932) Ober die Okologie und Ver­ necessary to get a better knowledge of the breitung der Arthropoden der Treibsandgebiete an diptera fauna of other coast localities in the den Kiisten Finnlands. Acta zool. fenn. 12, (308 p.). Arctic Ocean. LINDBERG, H. (1944) Zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna im Brackwasser des Baltischen Meeres. Acta Soc. Sci­ fenn. Comm. BioI. X 9. (206 p.). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS LINDROTH, C. H. (1931) Die Insektenfauna Islands und With some families I have had the help of ihre Probleme. Zool. Bidr. Upps.13, 105-600. RINGDAHL, O. (1959) Flugor pa strandangar i nord. specialists in the identification of the species. viistra SHne. Ent. Tidskr. 80, 39-48. [ am very grateful to the following scientists STRAND, A. (1943) Inndeling av Norge til bruk ved for their kind help: Fil. mag. S. Gaunitz, Vlixjo faunistiske oppgaver. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 6, 208-224. (Syrphidae: Cheilosia, Chrysogaster, Melano­ TUXEN, S. L., NIELSEN, P. & RINGDAHL, O. (1954) stoma), Fil. lie, L Hedstrom, Uppsala (some Diptera I. Zoology Iceland, 3, (48a), 1-189.

Received 29 February 1968 Infestation Density of Trypodendron lineaturn (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Relation to Felling Date of Logs

ERIK CHRISTIANSEN & TORFINN SlETHER Norwegian Forest Research Institute, Vollebekk, Norway

Abstract: CHRISTIANSEN, E. & StETHER, T. 1968. Infestation Density of Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Relation to Felling Date of Logs. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 15,28-30. Picea abies logs cut from October through March were attacked by the ambrosia beetle, Trypodendron lineatum, the infestation being heaviest in timber felled during the first part of the period. Logs cut in April, May, and June remained undamaged.

INTRODUCTION felled logs, and also that the brood developed successfully even in the April-felled timber. To Logs of a great number of conifers are at­ examine this result, the present investigation tacked by the ambrosia beetle, Trypodendron was carried out. lineatum (Olivier) when stored unbarked in the forest during spring and summer. Publica­ METHOD tions from several countries, in dealing with this damage, point out that the timber felling An experimental plot was established at date influences the extent of attack (Tragardh Mama, about 50 km NNE of Oslo, at an alti­ 1921, Hadorn 1933, Morley 1939, Johnson tude of 250 m. In an old stand of Norway 1958, Bletchly 1961, Bevan 1962, Bletchly & spruce nine logs of sawtimber dimension were White 1962, Dyer & Chapman 1965). Gener­ cut every month from October 1966 to June ally, the greatest damage occurs in logs cut 1967, except for February. Six of these logs during autumn and winter, whereas attacks on were placed close to adjoining clear-cut areas, those felled in spring are less extensive. three near the western and three near the In 1963-64 an investigation was carried out northern edge of the stand. The remaining by Austara and S

three different places, or between the upper· side and the underside of the logs.

DISCUSSION As mentioned in the introduction, publications 0:: W from several countries point out that timber 0- <11 felled during autumn and winter may be at­ tacked by Trypodendron lineaturn when left ':J 100 'j unbarked in the forest during the swarming period of the beetle. Logs felled later than January or February are seldom attacked to LI---·;tJ_ f·-o - o- o - any noteworthy extent. The present investiga­ tion shows that, under the climatic conditions aCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN FELLING MONTH existing in this part of Norway, logs felled as late as the middle of March may be infested. Fig. I. Infestation density of Trypodendron lineatum When weather condItions are favourable, (Olivier) in relation to fel1ing month. the mass flight may take place in the middle Points: single logs. Circles: Arithmetical mean values. Vertical lines : 95% confidence intervals. of April in the southern part of the country (Bakke 1960). In 1967, however, the cold weather and the large amounts of snow de­ The number of entrance holes in each de­ layed the flight until late May in the experi­ barked section was recorded. mental area. The infestation demonstrated in Infestation on the upperside and the under­ logs felled as late as March might be con­ side of the debarked areas was registered ferred with the late swarming. separately. The investigation does not confirm the pre­ viously mentioned result of Austara & Slether RESULTS (1965) that logs felled in late April were There was no significant difference in infesta­ heavily infested. tion density between the debarked section in the middle of the log and those 1 m from each ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS end. The recordings from the three debarked sections of each log were therefore summa­ The investigation was carried out in the for­ rized before further analysis of the results was ests of Mathiesen-Eidsvold Vlerk with valu­ performed. able assistance from the firm. The Forestry and The degree of infestation in logs felled at Forest Industrial Research Association (SSFF) different times during the season October­ supported the project financially. We are in­ June is given graphically in Fig. 1. Timber cut debted to both institutions. from October through March was attacked, the infestation being heaviest in logs cut during REFERENCES the first part of the period. The difference in attack density between the various felling AUSTARA, 0. & SfETHER, T. 1965. Angrep av den stripete vedboreren i ubarket grantommer hogd tH months is significant on the 10 per cent level forskjellig arstid. (English summary: Infestation by only. Logs cut during the period April-June Trypodendron lineatum 01. of unbarked spruce logs were not attacked. felled at different seasons.) Norsk Skogbr. 11: 121-2. There was no significant difference in in­ BAKKE, A. 1960. Insektskader pa ubarket gran- og festation density between logs stored in the furutommer i Norge. (English summary: Insect 30 E. CHRISTIANSEN & T. SiETHER

InJunes to unbarked spruce and pine timber in HADORN, C. 1933. Recherches sur la morphologie, les Norway.) Meddr norske Skogjors Ves. 16: 281-333. stades evolutifs et l'hivernage du bostryche lisere BEVAN, D. 1962. The ambrosia beetle or pinhole borer, (Xyloterus lineatus Oliv.) These Ec. polyt. Zurich, Trypodendron lineaturn 01. Scott. For. 16: 94-9. No. 761,120 pp. Berne, 1933. BLETCHLY, J. D. 1961. A review of factors affecting JOHNSON, N. E. 1958. Ambrosia beetle infestation of ambrosia beetle attack in trees and felled logs. Emp. coniferous logs on clearcuttings in Northwestern For. Rev. 40: 13-8. Oregon. J. For. 56: 508-11. BLETCHLY, J. D. & WHITE, M. G. 1962. Significa'nce MORLEY, P. M. 1939. Time of cut as a factor influencing and control of attack by the ambrosia beetle Trypo­ infestation of coniferous logs. Call. Ellt. 71: 243-8. dendron lineaturn (Oliv.) (Col. Scolytidae) in Argyll­ TRAGARDH, 1. 1921. Undersokningar over den storre shire forests. Forestry 35: 139-63. margborren, dess skadegorelse och bekiimpande. DYER, E. D. A. & CHAPMAN, J. A. 1965. Flight and (Deutsche Zusammenfassung: Untersuchungen uber attack of the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron lineaturn den grossen Waldgartner (Myelophilus pilliperda).) (Oliv.) in relation to felling date of logs. Can. Ent. 97: Meddll St. SkogsjorsAlIst. 18: 1-80. 42-57.

Received 31 January 1963 Bombus jonellus (Kirby) (Hym., Apidae) has Two Generations in a Season

OVE MEIDELL t

Abstract: MEIDELL, O. 1968. Bombus jonellus (Kirby) (Hym., Apidae) ha;; two generation;; in a sea;;on. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 14, 31-32. It is ;;tated that B.jonellus (Kirby) produce;; two generations in a ;;ea;;on. The frequency of worker;; reache;; one maximum during June and another in the la;;t half of August. A young queen from a colony (1;;t generation) kept under ob;;ervation mated on 15 July. She established a colony (2nd generation) from which the fir;;t worker emerged on 15 Augu;;t.

It is generally known that bumble bees pro­ 99 and 66 throughout the season may be sum­ duce one generation in the sense of queen marized as follows: An almost equal number broods in a season. The hibernating queens of queens occurs in the field during the first establish their individual nests, produce a vary­ three weeks of May and is then reduced to a ing number of worker broods succeeded by minimum during June. The workers appear sexual brood. Soon after the males and the about 20 May, increase rapidly in number and young queens have emerged the cycle is com­ reach a maximum during June. A rapid de­ pleted and the colony breaks up. The mated cline occurs in the first week of July and then queens hibernate and establish colonies of their the number of workers is slowly reduced to a own in the following spring. minimum at the end of this month. The first The claim that a bumble bee produces two males are recorded at the beginning of June, generations in a season, moreover in Norway, reach their greatest number at the end of the is striking and may justify the delayed publica­ month and are numerous in the first week of tion of the following. It is taken from the notes July as well, at a time when some young of the late O. Meidell, which are kept at the queens appear. The number of those queens Zoological Museum, University of Bergen. in the fields is constantly low because they pre­ fer to stay in the nest or swarm at the top of A;;trid Laken trees. Near the end of July only a few work­ Zoc1ogical Museum, University of Bergen ers are observed. Males and young queens have disappeared except for rare single records. Nests kept under observation agree in the In a survey of the bees around Bremen, Ger­ main with the life cycle outlined above: The many, Alfken (1914) briefly suggests that Born­ colonies are established towards the end of bus jonellus (Kirby) may produce two genera­ April. The first brood, hatching in the last half tions in a season based on a possible maximum of May, contains six to ten workers. One or flight intensity of workers observed early in two males may emerge about the same time June and another in September. as the second worker brood in the first half This theory has stimulated a study of B. jn­ of June. The colony reaches its maximum num­ ne/lus in Rogaland county, situated in the ber of workers about midsummer, and at that southwestern part of Norway. The frequency time most of the males and the first batch of distribution of the exsisting material of 'l''l', young queens are emerging. The remaining 32 o. MElDELL queens hatch at the beginning of July. The worker brood. This nest reached its climax queens often stay more than a week in the about 1 July, and males and young queens nest before they finally leave it. The colonies emerged the second week of July. A simple are in general finished about the middle of experiment was now carried out. On one of July. the young queens in this nest, hatching about However, at the end of July some young 8 July, the wings were cut off so that she would queens and a few older workers are observed stay in the nest. Three males emerged about collecting pollen and nectar continuously, indi­ four days later one of which mated the wing­ cating that colonies are being raised. The num­ less queen on 15 July. By then the colony was ber of these queens, however, is smaller than in almost finished. The founder of the nest died the spring. The number of workers increases on approximately 7 July and only five rela­ during the first half of August but by then tively young workers remained in the nest to­ only a few queens are observed. The frequency gether with the mated queen which by now of workers reaches a maximum in the latter was barely moving. The workers provisioned half of August when they are particularly the honeypots with some nectar but did not numerous on Calluna vulgaris L. By then males collect pollen. are again observed. Newly emerged queens are When the nest was inspected on 4 August, observed in September. the queen was establishing a new colony. The B. jonellus establish their nests about three first waxen cell was built at the edge of the to four weeks later in the subalpine areas of old derelict comb. Two days later the swelling the county (Suldal: Mostl'Jl, altitude about of the cell indicated that larvae were develop­ 600 m), but the cycle is usually completed ing. The first worker emerged on 15 August only about two weeks later than in the low­ and by then more broods were produced. Un­ land. Further observations in these areas in fortunately the observations had to be inter­ 1936 indicate that the species produces two rupted. generations in this region as well. Firstly, the The quantitative evaluations, the study of frequency distribution of workers clearly re­ the colonies kept under observation as well as veals two maxima during the season. Secondly, the experiment above, reveal clearly that B. a newly established colony was recorded as late jonellus raises two generations in a season in as the middle of August. Besides the founder, Rogaland county, in the lowlands as well as in a rather new queen with unworn wings, it con­ subalpine areas. tained cocoons of the first batch of worker brood. Some more nests were controlled in Suldal REFERENCE

in 1937, one of which was recorded on 2 June ALfKEN, J. D. (1914) Die Bienefauna van Bremen. and contained by then cocoons of the first Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen 22,125.

Received 17 February 1968 Notes on the Genus Boreus in Norway

ARNE FJELLBERG & UTA GREVE Zoological Museum, University of Bergen

Abstract: FJELLBERG, A. & GREVE, LITA. 1968. Notes on the Genus Boreus in Norway. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 15, 33-34. New localities for B. hyemalis and B. westwoodi are reported. Some observations on the sex ratio, the air temperature and mass occurrence are presented.

There is little information in the literature on the 19662 d'd'. Os: Sor-Aurdal 1.3.1966 1 'i', 4.3.19­ genus Boreus in Norway. Since Tjeder's (1945) 66 3 'i''i', 5.3.1966 1 d', 7.3.1966 1 'i', 8.3.1966 1 'Catalogus Neuropterorum et Mecopterorum \2. Fi: Vuozeljokka 29.4.19671 d' (Z.M.O.). Norvegiae' the genus has been mentioned briefly The locality at Finse (Fig. 1) is close to the by Greve (1965, 1966). Since the Boreidae are glacier Hardangerjokulen, as pointed out by among the few insects modified for active life Greve (1965), and is very exposed to wind and during the winter months, several workers have snow during the winter time. September is also concentrated on their ecology, among them early in the season for Boreidae. An extreme Strtibing (1950, 1958), Svensson (1966) and Sauer occurrence for the spring season is an observation (1966). Strtibing reports temperatures around ofB. westwoodibyProf. Kauri(personalcommuni­ lOoC as optimal for B. hyemalis. Svensson reports cation) in Blekinge Sweden as late as 4 June 1962. active animals at temperatures down to zero, in At one locality, Sor-Aurdal, on 2 November one extreme case an active B. westwoodi 6 was 1965, 545 specimens of both species were caught. observed at -5.5°C. The locality is a cleared area in a spruce (Picea A list of localities where B. hyemalis and B. westwoodi were found is given below. B. hyemalis is new to Vestfold (VE), western Buskerud (Bv) and southern Opland (Os), and B. westwoodi to (VE) and (Os). The collection at Vuozeljokka was made by K. Hove, at Finse by a student excursion from the Zoological Museum, Uni­ versity of Bergen, at Dagali by H. B. Jensen, and the remaining ones by A. Fjellberg. The geographical division follows Strand (1943). Boreus hyemalis (L.). VE: Tjome 29.11.1 964 3 d'd' I 'i', 26.2.1966 1 'i', 24.12.1966 2 d'd'. OS: Sor-Aurdal 18.10.1965 1 12, 5.11.1965 3 d'd' 1 12. Bv: Hol, Dagali 13.4.1965 Coil. H. B. Jensen. HOi: Finse, Kongsnut 8.9.196716. Fig. I. The locality at Finse at an altitude of 1,400 m. Boreus westwoodi (Hag.). VE: Tjome, KjMecoptera. Norsk were in copulation. Mass occurrence is otherwise enl. Tidsskr. 13, 17-18. mentioned in the literature by OHM (196\). GREVE. L. (1966) Snelopper ogSkorpionfluer. Naluren, Some comments should be made concerning 90, 346-354. the sex ratio: B. westwoodi; Tjome 26.2.1966. OHM, P. (196\ , Die Neuropteren und Mecopteren des 30 33 22 n, 33/n 3:2, 57.6% males; Reher Kralls. Faun. ,\filt. SOrtJd. 3, 67-71. Tjome 27.2.1966, 51 33 34 n, 3:2, 60% SAUER, c.-P. (1966) Der winterhaft &rells lI'eslwoodi. males; Tjome 24.12.1966, 16 33 11 n, 3:2, Mikrokosmos SS H. 4 1966. 59.1 % males. Both B. hyema/is and B. westwoodi STRA:-"D. A. (1943) Inndeling a\' Norge til bruk ved together: Sor-Aurdal 2.11.1965 324 33 221 CjJQ faunistiske oppga\'er. "',orsk elft. Tidsskr. 6, 208-224. 33fCjJCjJ 3:2 59.4 % males. Similarly in the four STRVB1'G. H. (1950) Beitrage rur Biologie von Boreus hiemalisL.Zool.Beitr. N.F.I, 51-110. localities where several specimens were caught. STRUB1:-"G. H. (1958) Schnee-insekten. Selle Brehm the ratio was very near 3 :2. 33/n Bllch, Heft 220. 1-47, Some of our observations on activity at low 5\"E:-"sso:-". S. A. (1966) Studier o\'er nagra vinteraktiva temperatures are: B. hyemalis Tjome 26.2.1966 insekters biologi. ,\'orsk elft. Tidsskr. 13,335-338. 1°C Sor-Aurdal 2.11.1965 just above zero; B. TJEDER. B. (1945) Catalogus Neuropterorum et westwoodi Tjome 26.2. and 27.2.1966 some CC Mecopterorum Norvegiae...... orsk ent. Tidsskr. 7, above zero. All figures are air temperature. 93-98.

Received 24 February 1968 Gyrophaena keeni Casey and G. orientalis A. Str. (Col., Staphylinidae)

ANDREAS STRAND Melumveien 38, Oslo 7

Abstract: STRAND, A. 1968. Gyrophaena keeni Casey and G. orientalis A. Str. (Col., Staphylinidae). Norsk ent. Tidsskr. IS, 35-36. Gyrophaena keeni Casey and orientalis A. Str. are so closely related that the question has arisen whether they are distinct species. On the basis of an examination of material of both forms the author expresses the opinion that they must really be considered two separate species.

Folwaczny (1967) has recently stated that in turn, while in orientalis the central part of the the European part of the Ural mountains he forehead and the pronotum are very shining has found Gyrophaena keeni Casey, which and without, or with very indistinct, reticula­ was earlier known only from N. America. He tion. The antennae are stouter in keeni than in suggests that the species, which he indicates orientalis. as new to the palaearctic area, might be dis­ The penes of the two species are very much tributed all over Siberia. The determination has alike, but there are some differences, most been made by Likovsky. distinct in dorsal view, as shown in Figs. 1 Folwaczny has kindly sent me a 0, which is and 2. exactly the same as my orientalis (Strand Although the two are undoubtedly closely 1938) from Finland and the Sajan mountains related, there seems to be sufficient reason to in Siberia. consider them as distinct species. Likovsky has made his determination on the I am most grateful to Br. Folwaczny, Bad basis of a publication of Seevers (1951), which Hersfeld, Dr. Zbynek Likovsky, Prague, Prof. also contains a figure of the penis of keeni in lateral position. In this publication, which Rupert L. Wenzel of Field Museum in Chicago kindly has sent me together with some of the late Dr. Seevers' specimens, he mentions that he has seen the specimens in Casey's collection, but as the type material could not be dissected he had to con­ tent himself with external characters. Casey (19II) mentions that keeni is 'shining though with distinct and rather large micro­ reticulation', and Seevers (1951) says: 'Reti­ culation of head and pronotum rather strong, 2 finely meshed'. Fig. 1. Penis of Gyrophaena keeni Casey, dorsal view. The specimens of keeni that I have seen, are (Anders Vik del.) quite correctly described as having a rather Fig. 2. Penis of Gyrophaena orientalis A. Str., dorsal strong micro-reticulation on head and prono- view. (Anders Vik del.) 36 A. STRAND

Carl H. Lindroth, Lund, Dr. Sten Stockmann, FOLWACZNY, B. (1967) Faunistische und biologische Helsinki, and Rupert L. Wenzel, Chicago for Diversa. Ent. BI. BioI. Syst. Ka/er. 63, 60-62. help with material and information, and to my SEEVERS, C. H. (1951) A Revision of the North Ameri­ friend Anders Vik, Sandefjord, for the figures. can and European Staphylinid Beetles of the Subtribe Gyrophaenae (Aleocharinae, Boletocharini). Fieldi­ REFERENCES ana, Zool. 32,655-762. CASEY, T. L. (1911) New American species of Aleo­ STRAND, A. (1938) Gyrophaena orientalis n. sp. (Col. charinae and Myllaeninae. Mem. Coleopt. 2, 1-259. Staph.). Notul. ent. 18, 39-40.

Received 28 February 1968 Micaria decorata Tullgren 1942 (Clubionidae, Araneae) New to Norway

ODD H. JOHANNESSEN Zoological Museum, University of Bergen

Abstract: JOHANNESEN, O. H. 1968. Micaria decorata Tullgren 1942 (Clubionidae, Aranae) New to Norway. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 15, 37-39. Micaria decorata Tullgren is reported new to Norway. One single female was found 25 May 1965, five kilometres south of Bergen. Measurements of legs and cephalothorax in the present specimen are compared to previously published data.

On the 25th of May 1965 I found an adult width of cephalothorax 1.23 mm; width of female spider, which was later identified as cephalothorax at the eyes 0.62 mm. Measure­ Micaria decorata Tullgren. The identification ments of the legs are given in Table I. Com­ was confirmed by Prof. H. Kauri, Bergen Mu­ parison of these measurements with those seum. The animal was found near Gamlehau­ from other specimens shows this to be the gen, about 5 km south of Bergen, in an area largest Cl' yet recorded. of hillocks covered with loose stones and Among the arachnids the Cl' is usually larger patches of heather and moss. Palmgren (1943) than the 6. In the case of Micaria decorata, stated that it occurred on stones and rock with measurements of the length of cephalothorax, sparse vegetation near the coast of southern as shown in Table Il, have been published. In Finland. Miller (1967) described similar bio­ the case of the specimens obtained by Palm­ topes in Czechoslovakia ('... im sparlichen gren and Miller, the 66 were thus generally Heidekraut unter lose liegende Steinen oder in larger than the Cl'Cl', though overlapping did Cladonia- und Cetraria-Polstern .. .'). occur. The species has previously been found in Previously published records of the length Sweden, Finland and Czechoslovakia. The cen­ of legs in Cl'Cl', and measurements of the pre­ tre of distribution seems to be in Scandinavia, sent specimen, are given in Table Ill. The rel­ with several records from the southern parts ative lengths of the legs in the 66 are constant of Sweden and Finland. in all the animals which have been measured, The specimen which I found had the follow­ the order of decreasing length being 4.1.2.3. ing measurements: Total length 4.83 mm; This order does not seem to be constant in the length of cephalothorax 1.76 mm; maximum 66. According to Tullgren (1942), the relative

Table I. Measurements of the legs (in mm) of the present specimen of M. decorata

Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total 1 1.14 0.49 0.85 0.74 0.68 3.90 2 1.09 0.48 0.74 0.74 0.66 3.71 3 0.91 0.51 0.66 0.75 0.55 3.38 4 1.52 0.66 1.12 1.17 0.80 5.27 38 O. H. JOHANNESSEN

Table n. Measurements of the length of cephalothorax (in mill) in M. decorata

Reference min 66 max min ¥~ max

Tullgren (1942) 1.3 1.75 1.3 1.75 Palmgren (1943) 1.8 2.0 1.3 1.6 Miller (1967) 1.32 2.17 1.40 1.62

Table III. Measurements of the legs (in mm) in 'j2'J' of M. decorata

Reference 2 3 4

Tullgren (1942) 3.81 3.63 3.32 4.99 Palmgren (1943) 3.30 3.00 2.60 4.80 Present record 3.90 3.71 3.38 5.27

lengths are the same in both sexes, 4.1.2.3. Palmgren (1943), however, gave the order as 1.4.2.3. in the ~~, and Miller (1967) stated that the ~ ~ varied in this respect, those with a short

.~"" . cephalothorax (1.32-1.45 mm) having legs with the same relative lengths as in the 'i2'i2, and those with a longer cephalothorax (1.70-2.17 mm) having the first pair the longest, i.e. 1.4.2.3. Micaria decorata Tullgren can be confused with the commoner species, Micaria pulicaria (Sundevall). Some of the specimens of M. decorata referred to by Palmgren (1943) had previously been identified as M. pulicaria. This mistake may have been made elsewhere. The two light bands across the abdomen of M. decorata are wavy and of uneven breadth, A whereas those of M. pulicaria are straight and of even breadth. M. decorata has four white ,: patches between the hindmost of these bands ... . ~Of.. ~. , ~ and the spinners, though often only three can be seen. M.pulicaria has but three white patches in the same area. The best way to ..~~~~~; 'i~;jiL distinguish between the two species is to exam­ . ine the epigyn, which possesses clear specific characters, as shown in Fig. 1. ~~ ', .... :tlr'7·...... ;,.~,:'<.',>1l,."~ '. . ',., ,1,"''''-'.'';''' ,. .• . . . ., . - .. .

Fig. I. Epigyne: A, Micaria decorata; B, Micaria 8 pulicaria. MICARIA DECORATA 39

REFERENCES MILLER, F. (1967) Studien iiber die Kopulationsorgane TUllLGREN, A. (1942) Bidrag til kiinnedomen om den der Spinnengattung Ze1otes, Micaria, Robertus und svenska spindelfaunaen. I. Ent. Tidskr. 63, 217-234. Diponea nebst Beschreibung einiger neuen oder PALMGREN, P. (1943) Die Spinnenfauna Finnlands H. unvollkommen bekannten Spinnenarten. Acta Sci. Acta Zool. Fenn. 36, 67-70. lIat. Bmo. I. Nova Series, 251-298.

Received 27 February 1968 ODD H. JOHANNESSEN Biological Station Espegrend Blomsterdalen, Norway Corticarina irkutensis n. sp. (Col., Lathridiidae)

ANDREAS STRAND Melumveien 38, Oslo 7

Vor vielen Jahren erhielt ich von Reitter 40 liegt und vor allem durch ganz anders gebau­ Exemplare einer Corticarina-Art mit den Fund­ ten Penis. ortzetteln «Quell d lrkut Reitter» und «Quell­ lm bau des Penis kommet die Art lambiana gebiet des lrkut Leder», die einer unbeschrieb­ Sharp iiberaus nahe wie aus den Figuren her­ enen Art zu gehoren scheinen. vorgeht, lambiana ist jedoch viel kleiner und Diese neue Art kommt in ektoskelettalen etwas breiter gebaut, die Fiihler sind viel Merkmalen fuscula Gyll. am nachsten, unter­ kiirzer und die Seiten der Deckfliigel sind mehr scheidet sich jedoch von ihr durch durch­ gerundet. schnittlich kleineren Korper, ein wenig kiirzere Holotypus: Ein is bezettelt «Quell d lrkut Fiihler, kleineren und starker punktierten Hals­ Reitter» in meiner Sammlung. schild deren grosste Breite weiter nach vorne

Eingegangen 28 Februar 1968

a b a b Fig. 1. Penis von Corticarina irkutensis A. Str. a. Fig. 2. Penis von Corticarina lambiana Sharp a. Dor­ Dorsalansicht. b. Lateralansicht (Anders Vik del.) salansicht. b. Lateralansicht (Anders Vik del.) Microchordeuma gallicum (Latzel1884), (Diplopoda) New to Scandinavia

BJARNE A. MEIDELL Zoological Museum, University of Bergen

Abstract: MEIDELL, B. A. 1968. Microchordeuma ga/licum (Latzel 1884), (Diplopoda), new to Scandin­ avia. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 15,41-46. The diplopod Microchordeumaga/licum (LatzeI1884) is reported new to Scandinavia. Thirty-five specimens were collected in 1967 and 1968 in the vicinity of Bergen in western Norway. Morphological characters of taxonomic importance are illustrated, and some of the variation within the material is discussed.

Twenty-eight ~~ and 7 ~~ of Microchordeuma taken in a curled-up state. They were found gallicum (Latzel), a diplopod new to Norway, under the stones covering this area. The litter­ have been found in the surroundings of Ber­ covered part of the biotope was at this time gen. This species is the first of the family covered by a 10 cm-thick layer of Snow. Chordeumidae to be found in Norway. The The animal from Fj0sanger was found in a family Chordeumidae belongs to the suborder garden. Those from Fantoft were found in a Ascospermophora, order Chilognatha. hazel wood, interspersed with a few oak-trees. Localities: Fana, Tvetevannet 1967: 23/4 I ¥, The animals from Seim were found in the lit­ 21/51'1',29/5 I juv.¥, 7/9 2¥¥, 19/10 6¥¥+5 juv. ter-layer of a beech wood. n+ld'; 1968: 2/2 8¥¥+4d'd'. Fana, Fj0sanger It is difficult to measure the lengths of the 1967 : 7/4 I ¥ (leg. G. Litland). Fana, Fantoft 1967 : animals as they often curl up in alcohol. The 23/5 2Q¥+Id'. Alversund, Seim 1967: 28/10 1'1'+ figures below give maximum and minimum I d' (leg. 0 Johannesen). Fana lies just to the south measurements in millimetres for adults. of Bergen, whilst Seim is about 30 km north of Bergen. Unless otherwise stated, the specimens were collected by the author. The biotope at Tvetevannet is inclined to the west and is the best investigated as regards diplopods. It has a high humidity, sloping as it does down to a bog. The vegetation is dom­ inated by Corylus avellana Bechst, Quercus sp., rowan tree (Sorbus aucuparia) and some Rosa sp. Half the area is covered by a rela­ tively thick layer of foerna, mainly oak and "t','.' hazel leaves. The other half is free of litter, and not covered by grass. This part is covered by quite a few big flat stones and rotten pices of timber and tree stumps. Most of the an­ imals were found here, in the upper and mid­ dle parts away from the bog. t Fig. 1. Microchordeuma ga/licum (Latzel), d' from Microchordeuma gallicum is a fairly active Tvetevannet. Head and anterior segments. The three diplopod. Only On 2 February 1968 were some pairs of bristles on the metasonites are omitted. 42 B. A. MEIDELL

Figs. 3 and 4 show anterior paragonopods on Microchordeuma gallicum. Anterior para­ gonopods characterize the genus Mierochor­ deuma from the other genera within the family. Anterior gonopods (Fig. 5), and anterior para­ gonopods are quite similar for Michrochor­ deuma gallicum and M. voigti Verhoeff. The anterior gonopods consist of a sternal projec­ tion and a coxal projection (Fig. 6) on each side. The posterior gonopods (Fig. 7) have a swol­ len telopodite, 3 coxal projections and a pseudoflagellum. The coxal projections (Fig. 8) are similar in M.gallicum and M.voigti, one spade-shaped and two which are joined at the

Fig. 2. Posterior segments of the same animal as in Fig. 1.

Cj'Cj' length 12.4-8.0; width 0.9-0.66 ~~ length approx. 9.8; width approx. 0.78 General appearance (Figs. 1 and 2): brown­ ish-yellow in colour, head and rear part of body mottled. Relatively dense covering of bristles on antennae, head and feet. All me­ tasonites with 3 pairs of bristles. On the pre­ anal segment are 2 papillae containing open­ ings of silk glands. Juveniles are much lighter in colouring and not mottled. In the adult the ocelli form a triangular shape, and vary in number from 14-17 (6,5,3­ 6,5,4,2 and a Cj' with 7,5,4). The cuticula is brittle and they are easily crushed with a pair of tweezers. The body has 30 segments. In Ascospermophora both pairs of legs on the 7th segment are modified as gonopods. Fam. Chordeumidae is characterized by the last pair of legs on the 6th and 8th segments being modified as paragonopods. The appear­ ance of the paragonopods is especially impor­ tant for determination of genus. The anterior Fig. 3. Anterior paragonopods of M. gallicum 0 pair of legs on the 8th segment is reduced. from Tvetevannet. MICROCHORDEUMA GALLlCUM NEW TO SCANDINAVIA 43

! jc5

E E ...... O~ . I I I I I Fig. 4. Anterior paragonopods of M. gallicum J I I from Seim. I II \I f\ I I \ I ,,t ,, / "

\ Fig. 5. Anterior gonopods of M. gallicum J from Fig. 6. One coxal projection of anterior gonopods, Seim. Anterior view. internal profile. Animal from Tvetevannet. 44 B. A. MElDELL

Fig. 7. Posterior gonopods of M. gafficum 6 from Fig. 9. Posterior paragonopods, partly covered by Seim. Posterior view. coxal sacs, of M. gallicum 6 from Seim. Anterior view.

base, but the appearance of these last two is very different. The pseudoflageIIum in M.gal­ hewn is longer than in M.voigti. The posterior paragonopods (Fig. 9) with 3 branches on the coxal projection differ from M.voigti which has only a plain projection. The family Chordeumidae has in the 'i' a ster­ nite just behind the vulvae, the platosternite. Fig. 10 shows the platosternite in M.gallicum. Fig. 11 show the platosternite in a M.voigti from Bavaria (leg. et det. Verhoeff, in the col­ lection of the Zoological Museum, Bergen). E E II 0- 0,1 mm \ \ \

Fig. 8. One set of coxal projections with pseudoflagel­ lum of posterior gonopods. Animal from Tvetevannet. a. The spade-shaped projection. b. The two projections Fig. 10 Platosternite of M. gallicum ¥ from Tvetevan­ joined at the base. c. The pseudoflagellum. net. MICROCHORDEUMA GALLICUM NEW TO SCANDINAVIA 45

Hon which occurs within the Norwegian ma­ 0,1 mm terial of M.gallicum should indicate a clas­ sification into macro- and brachydactyle forms for this species as well, but the quantity of && is at the moment too small to say anything definite about this. Brolemann has no Figures of the platosternite in helviorum. Fig. 11. Platosternite of M. voigti Verhoeff '? from Common to the Ascospermophora are the Bavaria. papillae on the anal segment, the 3 pairs of bristles dorsally on each segment and the lack of poison glands. Ascospermophora are very Figures of M.voigti & for comparison f.inst. in dependent on a high humidity. They can toler­ Lohmander (1925, p. 22, Figs. 9-13). ate low temperatures to a far greater extent Brolemann (1935) described for M.gallicum than other diplopods but are very sensitive to a race helviorum from southern France, which higher temperatures. As a result of their low­ Ribaut (after Schubart 1963) declared a pro­ temperature tolerance most ascospermophores per species. From Brolemann's Figures it is the are active during autumn and spring (cf. list posterior paragonopods in particular which are of finds). Copulation has been observed in different in helviorum and the nominate race. April and October (Schubart 1934). In my material there is an especially large Microchordeuma gallicum is described from variation In the size of the lateral branch on the north-west of France (Latzel 1884). Schu­ the coxal projection. None of the posterior bart (1934) mentions it from Germany, west paragonopods of M.gallicum in my collection of the Rhine, Belgium, the Netherlands (in were of quite so dramatic appearance as in Talpa nests) and Switzerland (up to 2,000 m M.g.helviorum (Brolemann 1935, Figs. 694 and above sea level underneath stones). Eason 695). According to Brolemann there is also a (1957) describes it from Great Britain (Wales, difference between helviorum and the nomi­ Caernarvonshire, 1 '? + 1 & in garden leaf-lit­ nate race in the anterior paragonopods. Figs. 3 ter). Schubart (1963) makes a further report and 4 show the great variation within the from Luxembourg. Norwegian material. Fig. 3 is nearly the same as the nominate race (Brolemann 1935, Fig. The find at Seim is therefore the northern­ most locality reported for 692), whereas Fig. 4 is very similar to M.g.hel­ Microchordeuma gallicum. It has not been found in Denmark or viorum (Brolemann 1935, Fig. 693). For the anterior gonopods (Fig. 5) the ratio of the Sweden. lengths of the coxal and sternal projections is Whether the animals from Norway have a the same as for helviorum (Brolemann 1935, synantropic distribution is not clear as yet. If Fig. 592), but the ratio for the length and their immigration to Norway has been synan­ width of the sternaI projection is the same as tropic they have had enough time to occupy for genuinum (Brolemann 1935, Fig. 688). Bro­ their natural biotopes. lemann gives no differences for posterior gono­ M.voigti Verhoeff has a synantrope distribu­ pods. tion in the south of Sweden (Lohmander 1925) Lohmander (1925) is of the opinion that the and in Jutland, Denmark (Lohmander 1957). variations of the gonopods of M.voigti, on the It orginates in the German Jura (Verhoeff basis of which Verhoeff (1938) established a 1918) and has spread within Germany on ship­ great number of races and varieties, are anal­ ments of earth and plants (Verhoeff 1932). ogous to the macrodactyle and brachydactyle Schubart (1934) reports it from northern Swit­ forms of the Craspedosoma species. The varia- zerland, and also one find in Czechoslovakia. 46 B. A. MEIDELL

REFERENCES och Vestjylland 1954 och 1956. Gdteborgs Musei BROLEMANN, H. W. (1935) Myriapodes Diplopodes. .4rstryck 1957. Faune Fr. 29, (369 p.). SCHUBART, O. (1934) Diplopoda. Tierwelt Dt!. 28, EAsoN, E. H. (1957) Chilopoda and diplopoda from (318 p.). Caernarvonshire. Proc. zoo!. Soc. Lond. 129,273-349. SCHUBART, O. (1963) Diplopoda, Symphyla, Pauro­ LATzEL, R. (1884) Diagnoses d'Especes et de Variete poda, Chilopoda. Tierwelt Mitteleur. n. Band Lief. 3 nouvelle. In Gadeau de Kerville, Les Myriopodes de Erganzung. (51 p.). la Normandie. 1. Liste. Bull. Soc. Amis. Sci. Natur. VERHOEFF, K. W. (1918) Zur Kenntnis der Zoo­ Rouen. 1883. p. 251-271. greographie Deutschlands. (85-88 Diplopoden-Auf­ LOHMANDER, H. (1925) Sveriges Diplopoder. GOte­ satz) Nova Acta Leopoldina 103. borgs K. Vetensk.-o. Vitterh. Samh. Hand!. 30, 2. VERHOEFF, K. W. (1932) Diplopoda. III Bronns, (115 p.). Klassen u. Ordnungen des Tierreichs. Akad. VerJags­ LOHMANDER, H. (\957) Faunistisk fiiltarbete i Nord- ges. 2 Bd. 13 Lief. (2084 p.). Leipzig.

Received 9 March 1968 Tetrops starki Chevf., en art ny for Norden (Col., Cerambycidae)

ANDREAS STRAND Melumveien 38, Oslo 7

Abstract: STRAND, A. 1968. Tetropos starki Chevr., en art ny for Norden. (Col., Cerambycidae) Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 15,47-48. Der Verfasser hat, als neu fUr die nordischen Uinder, ein Exemplar vonTetrops starki Chevr. in der Niihe von Oslo Gefunden.

Schmidt (1958) har inngaende behandlet de Arten er funnet pa en rekke steder i Mellom­ mellomeuropeiske Tetrops-arter og har, i lik­ og Syd0st-Europa og skal ogsa vrere funnet i het med MUller (1926/1927) og Rorion (1935), Kaukasus. Fra de nordiske land har den ikke framholdt at starki, som Reitter (1912) regnet vrert oppgitt. som aberrasjon av praeusta L., i virkeligheten Schmidt (1958) nevner at starki, i motset­ er en god art. ning til praeusta, er et skogsdyr, som for­ Schmidt (1958) har i sin bestemmelsestabell trinnsvis er funnet pa eik og ask, i den siste skilt de to artene slik: er ogsa utviklingen iakttatt, men den er ogsa, Forbenene helt gule, pa mellom- og bak­ som praeusta, funnet pa frukttrrer, hassel og benene er larene i stor utstrekning m0rke, og pi!. av og til er ogsa skinnebenene delvis noe m0rk­ Den 4/6 1934 havet jeg pa AK: Br0nn0ya, farget, dekkvingespissen med kraftige, noe Asker, et eksemplar (~) som jeg mener er ulike store, punkter, mellomrommene for det starki. Til sammenlikning har jeg hatt mellom­ meste st0rre enn punktenes diameter . europeiske eksemplarer som Stig Lundberg praeusta L. har latt meg se, og et eksemplar (~) fra Boh­ Forbenene gule, sjelden er larenes rot smalt men, som jeg har fatt av Egon Lekes. m0rkfarget, pa mellom- og bakbenene er bare Jeg kjenner ikke til at det er gjort noen un­ en meget smal del av roten m0rkfarget, ofte ders0kelser av penis hos disse arter, men jeg pa innersiden, skinnebenene er alltid gule, har preparert fram organet hos en del eksemp­ dekkvingespissen ensartet og meget grovt og larer av praeusta og to starki. Penis ser ut til tett punktert, mellomrommene for det meste a variere en del, men pa det unders0kte ma- mindre enn punktenes diameter ... starki Chevr. Videre nevner han at starki er gjennom­ snittlig st0rre enn praeusta, dekkvingene er noe mer parallelle og flatere, punkteringen pa si­ dene uten antydning til rekkedannelse, srerIig er spissen meget grovt punktert og sterkt skinnende, dekkvingenes beharing, srerlig i forreste del, er lang og oppstaende, bakover betydelig kortere og mer nedliggende, en for­ A B c holdsvis stor del av spissen samt skulderpar­ Fig. 1. Penis hos A: Tetrops starki Chevr. fra Bron­ tiet og sidene er m0rke, likeveI slik at et kort noya, Norge, B: T. praeusta L. fra MiHselv, Norge, og stykke av sidene like foran spissflekken er lyst. C: T. praeusta L. fra Wien. 48 A. STRAND

teriale er den hos starki st0rre og betydelig bre­ LITTERATUR praeusta. dere og mer stumpvinklet enn hos HOR10N, A. (1935) Nachtrag zu Fauna Germanica. Die Figurene viser den apikale del av penis hos Kaler des Deutschen Reiches von Edmund Reitter. det nevnte eksemplar av starki fra AK: Br0nn­ Krefeld (358 p.). 0ya (fig. 1 A), hos et eksemplar av praeusta fra TRi: Rundhaug, Malselv (fig. 1 B), og hos et MULLER, J. (1926}27) Ueber elnJge europaische Bockkafer. Coleopt. Zbl. 1, 310-315. eksemplar av praeusta fra Wien (fig. 1 C). Hos eksemplaret av starki fra Bohmen er penis noe REITTER, E. (1912) Fauna Germanica. Die Kii/er des spissere enn hos det norske. Hos begge eks­ Deutschen Reiches, IV. Band. Stuttgart. (236 p.). emplarer av starki, som utvilsomt er fuHt ut­ SCHMIDT, G. (1958) Untersuchungen uber die mittel­ viklet, er penis lysere enn hos praeusta-eks­ europiiischen Vertreter des Genus Tetrops Stephens. emplarene. Mitt. dt. ent. Ges., 17, 53-60.

Mottatt 28. februar 1968 The Life Cycle of Ephemeroptera in the Lower Part of Aurland River in Sogn and Fjordane, Western Norway

ROALD LARSEN Zoological Museum, University of Bergen

Abstract: LARsEN, R. 1968 The Life Cycle of Ephemeroptera in the Lower Part of Aurland River in Sogn and Fjordane, Western Norway. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 15, 49-59. Collections of larvae of Ephemerella aurivillii, Baetis rhodani, and Ameletus inopinatus (Ephemeroptera) were made each month during 1966 in the Aurland River, Western Norway, and were used to get information about the life cycle of the species. E. aurivillii emerges mainly in June, July, August and September. The new generation begins to appear in August and growth proceeds throughout the winter with a drop in the growth rate through January and February. The animals complete a generation in one year. B. rhodani emerges from April to the beginning of November, and completes two generations in one year. These consist of a long overwintering and a short summer generation, the former emerging from April to July, the latter from July to the beginning of November. A. inopinatus emerges throughout May-August. No hatching is found from December to August the next year. There is only one generation in one year.

During 1966 the life cycle of the benthic spe­ ber-Sampler and partly with a Neill's cylinder cies of Ephemeroptera was studied at two (Macan 1958), both covering an area of ap­ localities in the Aurland River. The positions proximately 0.1 m 2 . of the localities are shown on Fig. 1, marked The collecting apparatus was made of plank­ Loc. 1 and Loc. 2, and more detailed maps of ton net size 250 \1' Sand, stones and moss were the stations, called TR and A4, at which this placed in a bucket. Larger stones and finer work was carried out, are shown on Fig. 2 and materials were washed and thrown away. The Fig. 3. The River is characterized by the cri­ remains were preserved in 80 per cent alcohol, teria given by Brinck (1949) for Northern and total macroscopic fauna was sorted out rivers. Variations in water-flow during the in­ under a binocular. The larvae of Ephemerop­ vestigation period are shown on Fig. 4. tera were measured in mm on a microscope slide. Measurements were taken from the an­ terior edge of clypeus to the base of caudal METHODS cerci. All larvae more than 1 mm in length On each sampling station 15 samples were were measured. Some larvae below 1 mm pas­ taken every month, 5 on sand bottom (A), sed through the collecting net and were there­ 5 on stony bottom without moss vegetation fore excluded from the quantitative analysis. (B), and 5 on stony bottom with a compact Water current and depth were measured every layer of moss (C). Because of the great num­ month. Samples were taken from 0 to 80 cm ber of individuals only a part of the samples depth, and in the current range of 50 cm/sec. were examined, as shown in Table I. The sub­ to 130 cm/sec. Care was taken to sample each strata mentioned above are seen on Figs. 5, 6 of the three categories of substrata each month and 7. Samples were taken partly with a Sur- under the same current and depth conditons.

4-1';O1'sk ent. Tidsskr. 50 R. LARSEN

)/ 1)1) . / :. ~~" //:.. :. / / ."" ~ ~/~/\ I ) /~ i ,, d ! \ ! ~":.::=2) \ /_ (' ~ ) Do -900 m a bove sea level

0>900 m above sea level

Scale

Fig. I. TheAurland River system (within stippled line). Thelocalities Loc. I and Loc. 2, and the stations TR and A4

STATOc<.TR

rQlMOSS .SAfv'P'~ !~IG o LARGE STQI'ES [JSAND []STONE

Fig. 2. Station TR, situated 30 m above sea level. Black arrows indicate direction of current flow. (Scale I:2000) THE LIFE CYCLE OF EPHEMEROPTERA 51

Fig. 3. Station Ai situated 110 m above sea level. (Scale 1: 2000)

The homogeneity of the sampling units will cause they did not belong to the benthic spe­ not be considered here. cies of the river. The distribution of Ephemeroptera so far THE SPECIES known for Norway is found in Brekke (1938, Five species were found, Leptophlebia margi­ 1943, 1965), Grimeland (1963, 1965), 0kland nata (L.), Leptophlebia vespertina (L.), Ephe­ (1964) and Illies (1967). Regarding the species merella aurivillii Bengtsson, Ameletus inopina­ found by the author, only A. inopinatus have tus Eaton, and Baetis rhodani (Pictet). The not previously been reported from Western first two species are not considered here, be- Norway.

150 THE LIFE HISTORY OF EPHEMEROPTERA The life history of Ephemeroptera has been studied by Moon (1939), who estimated the growth-rate of two species of Leptophlebia and 100 Caenis horaria (L.), and showed that there is a single brood each year in all three species. u w Rawlinson (1939) found two broods of Ecdyo­ on ;;;­ nurus venosus (Fabricius) a year, and found a :::E marked seasonal variation in the growth-rate too. Harker (1952, 1953) studied the life cycle 50 and growth-rates of four species, Ecdyonurus torrentis Kimmins, Heptagenia lateralis (Cur­ tis), Rithrogena semicolorata (Curtis), and Bae­ tis rhodani (Pictet), in a stream near Bolten. Because of the long period of emergence for B. rhodani and appearance of small larvae throughout the year he failed to determine the Fig. 4. The average water-flow every month during life cycle of this species. Macan (1957) exam­ 1966 in m3/sec. measured at the outlet of lake Vassbygd. ined B. rhodani, Baetis pumiulus (Burm.), Ephe- 52 R. LARSEN

Table I. Number ofsamples examined and dates ofsampling every month during 1966 at TR and A4

Station TR

Date Substratum: ABC ABC Number of samples examined Tested area in m 2

Jan. 4. 522 9 0.9 5. 555 15 1.5 Feb. 5. 555 555 30 3.0 Mar. 5. 555 15 1.5 7. 555 15 1.5 Apr. l. 555 15 1.5 3. 555 15 1.5 May 4. 555 15 1.5 5. 555 15 1.5 June 4. 555 15 1.5 6. 555 15 1.5 July 4. 555 15 1.5 5. 555 15 1.5 Aug. 4. 555 15 1.5 5. 555 15 1.5 Sept. 3. 522 9 0.9 5. 555 15 1.5 Oct. l. 522 9 0.9 3. 555 15 1.5 Nov. 4. 622 9 0.9 6. 555 15 I.S Dec. 20. 552 12 1.2 2l. 5 5 Q5 22. 5 5 10 1.0 merella ignita (Poda), and Paraleptophlebia studied the life cycle of Ephemerella aurivillii, submarginata (Stephens). The life history of but some knowledge about this species can A. inopinatus has been studied by Gledhill be obtained from Bengtsson (930), Tiensuu (1959) in a little stream in the Lake District (939), Sodergren (1963), Ulfstrand (967) and in England. As far as I know, nobody has Illies (1967).

Fig. 6. Stone-substratum without moss-cover. The Fig. 5. Sand-substratum. The disc is 5.5 cm in diameter. disc is 5.5 cm in diameter. THE LlFE CYCLE OF EPHEMEROPTERA 53

tioned that nothing is known about the yearly fluctuation of the population density. 4) The natural death rate of the young lar­ vae is high, reducing the population to half or less during one or two months. 5) The animals complete a generation in one year. 6) The subimagines are found early in the morning and the imaginal stage is reached 2 or 3 hours later. In the afternoon an upstream flying activity begins. The females are flying low over the water and eggs are dropped on the surface mostly in the middle of the river. Copulation has never been observed. Fig. 7. Stone-substratum with moss-cover. Discussiol1 The flight period of E.Gurivillii is long, lasting EPHEMERELLA AURIVILLII for almost 4 months, compared with the two BENGTSSON 1908 and a half months of E.ignita, and the 20 days A number of larvae and a few imagines and of E.notata. subimagines were collected on Station TR. It was not found in Loc. 2. Both larvae and imagines agree with the 360 descriptions of Bengtsson (1930). The number of specimens in each size group throughout the year is shown in Table II, and Fig. 8 shows -"'- VI - V2 300 -- Vr V7 the groups: small, half-grown and full-grown. --- Vs- -- FLIGHT PERIOD The flight period is indicated by the black horizontal line, deduced from findings of lar­ vae ready for emergence, subimagines and imagines. The results can be summarized as follows. 200 1) The flight period of E. Gurivillii starts in the beginning of June and lasts to the middle N ';<-" of September with no clear peaks of emer­ w (]l gence. I z"=> 2) The first newly-hatched larvae are found 100 from the beginning of August and the larvae I are growing rapidly throughout the autumn. 3) Apparently there is a cessation of growth I or a drop in the growth rate in December, \ January, February and March. Then the lar­ \ /--- vae grow rapidly again and reach the time of \ 0 '" '" ---- emergence towards the beginning of June. J FM AMJJAS 0 N D However, this can only partly be deduced from Fig. 8. Variation in number of E. Gurivillii per m2 at the data given, because they belong to two TR in the groups: small (V C V2), half-grown (Va-V7), following generations, and it must be men- and full-grown (V8-)' based on monthly samples. 54 R. LARSEN

2 Table H. Average number ofE. aurivillii at station TR on substrata A, B, and C per m , andaverage number in each size group per m2 based on the mean ofthe numbers on Band C. Size V ofspecimens in mm

st. TR. Average number per. m2 B+C -- Month Subst. A B C 2 1:::;;Yl<2 2~V2<3 3~V3<4

Jan. 2 0 250 125 Feb. 2 0 164 82 Mar. 4 0 112 56 Apr. 4 2 74 38 May 2 4 36 20 June 0 18 12 15 July 0 12 6 9 Aug. 0 12 28 20 10 3 Sept. 0 15 905 460 265 73 45 Oct. 2 0 710 355 78 85 Nov. 2 0 505 253 8 23 Dec. 4 0 326 163

1~ small <3

Sawyer (1953) has shown that the flight pe­ (1959) to be the case for A. nopinatus. But the riod varies from place to place for the same diapause eggs of A. nopinatus hatched early in species. This may be due to temperature dif­ the spring, those of E.aurivillii in August. Why ferences. Brinck (1949) has shown that the should the diapause last till August for the emergence of many species of Plecoptera takes eggs of E. aurivillii? So it is possible that my place progressively later and often the flight suggestion of no diapause eggs for E. aurivillii period becomes shorter in colder zones in Swe­ is correct in this case. The exact death and den. growth rates cannot be estimated from the This may be the case for Ephemeroptera average of monthly catches and measurements too. But there is no reason to believe that as done by Harker (1952) and IIlies (1952), be­ temperature is the only factor regulating the cause a) drifting of the specimens is not con­ flight period. Weather, water-flow and biotic sidered, b) the specimens below 1 mm are ex­ factors as well as endogenous factors have to cluded from the material, and c) a delayed be considered regarding this question, see hatching or growth in the small stage invali­ Remmert (1962) and Aschoff (1965). dates the calculations. Therefore I think that The incubation period is variable, varying the calculations of IIlies and Harker are doubt­ from 10 days in Ephemera vulgata (Schoene­ ful, because they have not taken into account mund 1930) to 10 months in E. ignita (Macan these factors. Considering the death and growth 1961 and Pleskot 1958). The time spent in the rates of E. aurivillii it is therefore not possible egg stage cannot be determined exactly for E. to do more than gain an idea of these two. aurivillii. But it may be about one month, as Regarding copulation in other Ephemerella only one month elapses from the time the first species, it takes place on land up to two hun­ larva is ready for emergence until newly­ dred metres from the water edge (Kimmins hatched larvae appear, unless the newly-hatched and Frost 1943). This can be the case for larvae are from diapause eggs laid in the au­ E. aurivillii too. I was prevented from making tumn the year before. This is shown by Gledhill observations that far from the water because THE LIFE CYCLE OF EPHEMEROPTERA 55

Table II (Contd.)

Average number in each size group per. m2

4::;;;V~<5 5::;;;V5<6 6::;;;.<7

43 70 13 36 27 19 11 28 17 5 28 3 2 2 3 15 5 7 3 3 6 4 3 60 13 3 3 105 48 40 78 40 105 57 34 72 3::;;; half grown <8 full grown:2':8 of the cultivated land in the area. The same mode of egg depositing is also found in Ame­ rican and other European Ephemerella species 400 -"'- VI - V2 (Smith, 1935, Jensen 1961). i.\ --Vr VL ", -- -Vs- l I --FLIGHT PERIOD BAETlS RHODANI (PICTET) 1844 This is the most abundant species in the Aur­ land River both in Loc. 1 and Loc. 2. The lar­ 300 vae agreed completely with the discriptions by Miiller-Liebenau (1965), and the imagines with that of Kimmins (1954). The number of speci­ ~ns in each size group throughout the year 1, 11 is shown in Table Ill, and Fig. 9 shows the 1I groups: small, half-grown and full-grown. The 200 i I flight period is indicated as for E. aurivillii. I\ N 1 :>: This result is based on collections from TR, "- but for comparison some data for B. rhodani "w :>: ::>"' on A4 are shown in Table Ill. The results can z be summarized as follows. 1) The flight period of B. rhodani starts at 100 the beginning of April and lasts to the begin-

I I I Fig. 9. Variation in number of B. rhodani per m2 at .I.. '- TR in the groups: small (V C V2), half-grown (Va-V4), and full-grown (Vs-), based on monthly samples. 56 R. LARSEN

2 Table Ill. Average number o/B. rhodani at station TR and A 4 on substrata A,B, and C per m , and average number in each size group per m2 at TR based on the mean o/the numbers onBand C. Size Vo/specimens in mm

Average Average number number 2 2 2 st. TR. per m Average number in each size group per m st. A4 per m Substr. B+C

Month ABC 2 I:S;;Yl<2 2:";;Y2<3 3::;;3<4 4::;;V4 <5 5::;;V5 <6 V6:;:C:6 Subst. ABC

Jan. 40 495 185 340 218 105 15 3 Jan. 20 242 104 Feb. 32 660 210 435 301 108 23 3 Feb. 16 374 118 Mar. 44 380 140 260 109 53 46 52 Mar. 16 146 50 Apr. 30 260 30 145 6 77 8 3 51 Apr. 10 136 16 May 64 180 20 100 I 8 5 2 20 64 May 14 136 22 June 4 200 86 143 101 3 14 2 6 17 June 4 88 42 July 2 155 105 130 73 20 10 5 8 15 July 0 94 68 Aug. 4 130 200 165 130 5 3 0 20 8 Aug. 0 80 74 Sept. 6 1200 110 655 300 68 85 90 78 35 Sept. 10 636 56 Oct. 48 1470 175 823 348 73 23 130 148 103 Oct. 26 946 108 Nov. 105 845 205 525 240 105 80 83 18 Nov. 82 530 164 Dec. 80 430 250 340 215 45 63 15 3 Dec. 64 260 144 I::;; small <3 3::;; half grown <5 full grown :;:C:5

2 Table IV. Average number 0/A. inopinatus at station A4 on substrata A, B, and C per m , and average number in each size group per m2 based on the mean 0/the numbers on Band C. Size V 0/specimens in mm 2 st. A4 Average number per m . --B+C Month Substr. ABC 2 I::;;V 1 <2 2::;;V 2 <3 3::;;V3<4

Jan. 0 8 10 9 2 Feb. 2 6 10 8 I Mar. 2 6 8 7 Apr. 0 4 6 5 May 0 8 4 6 June 0 16 2 9 July 0 26 8 17 Aug. 0 32 4 18 Sept. 0 4 2 3 3 Oct. 0 10 12 11 6 2 3 Nov. 0 4 20 12 7 3 I Dec. 0 8 2 5 3 I::;; small <3 THE LIFE CYCLE OF EPHEMEROPTERA 57 ning of November. Two peaks appear, one in J1.1onth he found 68 specimens and in the fol­ May and another in October. lowing 425. These differences can be explained 2) Newly hatched larvae are found through­ by the longer fljght period in Great Britain, out the year, except in April and the begin­ which causes an overlapping of the two gener­ ning of May, and the larvae are growing ations. Macan (1957) also says that there are rapidly during spring, summer and autumn. two generations in one year for B. rhodani, but 3) As for E. aurivillii there is a drop in the lilies (1959) has shown that eggs of B. rhodani growth rate in the winter. remain unhatched for a long time. If some 4) As for E. aurivillii the death rate is high. eggs laid in the autumn do not hatch before 5) The animals complete two generations in May of the next year, there could be reason to one year. believe that there is only one generation in one 6) The subimagines are found in the morn­ year. But why should eggs not hatch in April, ing, and the imaginal stage is reached the same when they are hatching in January, February afternoon. Copulation takes place near the and March? I think that all the eggs laid in water edge or some distance from the water. the autumn are hatched during October-March. Therefore no newly hatched larvae are to be Discussion found in April and the beginning of May. The The analyses made by Macan (1957), Pleskot peak of imagines in May give rise to a new (1958) and Harker (1953) on B. rhodani show generation that go through the larval stage almost the same pattern. But there are some during the summer and gives rise to a peak of differences. This species has a longer flight imagines in October. Furthermore, these imag­ period in Great Britain than in Aurland. In ines produce a new generation of larvae that England newly hatched larvae also are found cannot complete the larval stage the same year, in April, but this size group is extremely low because of the decreasing temperature and in April, as only 3 specimens in the smallest food shortage. These larvae produce the imag­ group were found by Macan. In the preceding ines appearing in May.

Table IV (Contd.)

Average number in each size group per m2

4~V4<5 5~V5<6 6~V6<7 7~V7<8 Vll~11

5 2 1 6 3 4 2 2 1 I 3 I 1 2 2 5 17 18

3 ~ half grown < 8 full grown 28 58 R. LARSEN

AMELETUS INOPINATUS EATON 1887 Many larvae and a few imagines were taken 20 on station A4, the species was not found at _ .. - v, - V2 --Vr V7 Loc. 1. The larvae agreed closely with the - - - Vs- / -- FLIGHT PERIOD description by Macan (1961), and the imagines / / with the description by Kirnmins (1954). The / number of specimens in each size group I I throughout the year is shown in Table IV, I and Fig. 10 shows the groups, small, half­ I I grown and full-grown. The material is small, I due to the fact that A. inopinatus had a much I I denser population higher up along the River, I and that the place where the samples were I 10 I /' taken lay on the limit of the population range. I I This has caused some peculiarities in the re­ I f sults obtained. But some information may be I drawn from the data. I I I) The flight period of A. inopinatus starts I at the beginning of May and lasts until the end I of August. 2) No newly-hatched larvae are found from \ December to August the next year. 3) The growing periods are almost identical ""- with those of B. rhodani and E. aurivillii. 4) Nothing can be said about the death rate, because the drifting of animals from places Fig. 10. Variation in number of A. inopinatus per m" with higher population density gives an in­ at A~ in the groups: small (V V ), half-grown creasing number of animals per m 2 during the C 2 (Va-V7), and full-grown (Vs-), based on monthly summer, and it is probable that the drift has samples. a larger influence on the samples taken at the limit of the population range then on samples taken in places with a dense population. 5) The animals complete a generation in REFERENCES one year. AsCHOFF, J. (1965) Circadian Clocks. North-Holland 6) Copulation and oviposition were not ob­ Publishing Company, Amsterdam. served. BENGTSSON, S. (1930) Kritische Bemerkungen iiber einige Nordische Ephemeropteren, nebst Beschreib­ Discussion ung neuer Larven. Acta Univ. lund. N.F. avd. 2, bd. Gledhill (1959) found that A. inopinatus has an 2, 1-27. emergence period from May to late August, BREKKE, R. (1938) The Norwegian Mayflies (Ephemer­ and grows throughout the winter. This agrees optera). Norsk. ent. Tidsskr. 2, 55-73. BREKKE, R. (1943) Trichoptera og Ephemeroptera. with my observation. He found two peaks of Nye arter for Norge. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 6,232-233. larvae in each size group, and said that they BREKKE, R. (1965) Bidrag til kunnskapen om Norges appear to be due to two bursts of hatching, d0gn-, sten- og viirfluer (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, one in the autumn and the other at the be­ Trichoptera). Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 13, 11-15. ginning of the year. This cannot be deduced BRINCK, P. (1949) Studies on Swedish Stoneflies from the data obtained by the author. (Plecoptera). Opusc. ent., Suppl. VI (250 p.). THE LIFE CYCLE OF EPHEMEROPTERA 59

GLEDHILL, T. (1959) The life-history of Ameletus British species of Ephemeroptera. Sci. Publ. Fresh­ inopinatus (Siphlonuridae, Ephemeroptera). Hydro­ water Bioi. Assoc. No. 20, 1-64. biologia 14, 85-90. MOON, H. P. (1939) The growth of Caenis horaria (L.) GRIMELAND, G. (1963) Abnormitet hos Ameletus Leptophlebia vespertina (L.), and L. marginata (L.), inopinatus Eaton, (Ephemeroptera). Norsk ent. (Ephemeroptera). Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. (A), 108, Tidsskr. 12,97-99. 507-512. GRIMELAND, G. (1965) Dognfluer (Ephemeroptera) i MULLER-LIEBENAU, I. (1965) Revision der von Simon Agdenes, Sor-Trondelag. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 13, Bengtsson Aufgestellten. Baetis-Arten (Ephemer­ 136-143. optera). Opusc. ent. 30, 79-123. HARKER, J. (1952) A study of life cycles and growth PLESKOT, G. (1958) Die Periodizitat einiger Ephemer­ rates of four species of Mayflies. Proc. R. ent. Soc. opteren der Schwechat. Schr. Reihe GWF, 1958, 1-32. Lond. 27, 77-85. RAWLlNSON, R. (1939) Studies on the life-history and HARKER, J. (1953) An investigation of the distribution breeding of Ecdyonurus venosus (Ephemeroptera). of the Mayfly fauna of a Lancashire stream. J. Anim. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. (B) 109, 377-450. Ecol. 22,1-13. REMMERT, H. (1962) Der Schlupfrhythmus der Insekten. ILLIES, J. (1952) Die M61le, Faunistisch-6kologische Steiner Verlag, Wiesbaden. Untersuchungen an einem Forellenbach im Lipper SAWYER, F. E. (1953) The blue-winged olive. Field, Bergland. Arch. Hydrobiol. 46, 424-512. 201, 1038. ILLlEs, J. (1959) Retardierte Schlupfzeit von Baetis­ SCHOENEMUND, E. (1930) Eintagsfliegen oder Ephemer­ Gelegen (Ins., Ephem.). Naturwissenschaften 46, optera, Tierwelt Dtl. 11,1-106. 119-120. SMITH, O. R. (1935) The eggs and egg-laying habits of ILuEs, J. (1967) (Ed.) Limnofauna europaea, p. 212-219 North American mayflies, pp. 67-89. in NEEDHAM, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart. The Biology of Mayflies. Comstock Publishing Co., JENSEN, C. (1961) Ephemerella notata Etn., Caenis New York. undosa Ts. og Heptagenia longicauda (Steph.) nye SODERGREN, S. (1963) Undersokningar av driftfaunaen for Danmark. Flora Fauna, Silkeborg, 1-2,97-104. i Ricklean. Laxforskningsinstitutet, Meddelande, 5, K1MMINS, D. E. (1954) A Revised Key to the Adults of 30 p. British Species of Ephemeroptera. Sci. Publ. Fresh­ TIENSUU, L. (1939) A survey of the distribution of water Bioi. Assoc. No. 15, 1-71. Mayflies, (Ephemeroptera), in Finland. Suom. hyl3nt. KIMMINS, D. E. & FROST, W. E. (1943) Observations on Aikak. (Ann. Ent. Fenn.) 5, 97-124. the Nymph and Adult of Ephemerella notata Eaton ULFSTRAND, S. (1967) Microdistribution of benthic (Ephemeroptera). Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (A), 18,4-6. species (Ephemeroptera), Plecoptera, Trichoptera, MAcAN, T. T. (1957) The life histories and migrations Diptera, Simuliidae) in Lapland streams. Oikos, 8, of the Ephemeroptera in a stony stream. Trans. Soc. 293-310. Brit. Ent. 12, 129-156. 0KLAND, J. (1964) The eutrophic lake Borrevann MAcAN, T. T. (1958) Methods of sampling the bottom (Norway) - an ecological study on shore and bottom fauna in stony streams. Mitt. into Verein. theor. angew. fauna with special reference to gastropods, including Limnol. 8, 1-21. a hydrographic survey. Folia limnol. scand. No. 13, MAcAN, T. T. (1961) A key to the Nymphs of the 1-337.

Received 8 March 1968 Cand. mag. ROALD LARSEN Zoologisk Museum U niversitetet Bergen, Norway Nye funn av Lepidoptera i Norge

C. F. LUHR Lom (Mottatt 30. mai 1968)

'Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Norway' VAy: Orthosia populi Strl'Jm, Sl'Jgne 6.5.1967, (Opheim 1962) kan suppleres ved nedennevnte Apamea rubrirena Tr., Sl'Jgne 9.8.1967, Amphi­ funn av arter som er nye for den krets hvor phyra perfllla P., Sl'Jgne 4.8.1967, Scoliopteryx de er fanget. !ibatrix .L, Sl'Jgne 25.8.1967. BI'J: Amphipyra perflua P., Aros 15.8.1967. TRy: Diarsia rubi View., Pinnsnes 31.8.1965, Pterostoma palpinum L., Aros 25.5.1968. Apamea secalis L., Pinnsnes 25.8.1965, Hydra­ YE: Drepana falcataria L., Narverl'Jd 10.8. ecia crinanensis Burr., Finnsnes 30.8.1965, 1967, Diarsia festiva Schiff., Narven'ld 26.8. Lygris testata L. Finnsnes 23.8.1965. 1967, Cerastis rubiricosa Schiff., Narverl'Jd 29.4. 1968, Antitype chi L., Narverl'Jd 12.8.1967, SUMMARY Agrochola litura L., Narverl'Jd 26.8.1967, Apa­ The article gives a list of new localities for 16 mea ypsilon Schiff., Narverl'Jd 26.8.1967, Cara­ species of Lepidoptera from Norway. drina cinerascens Tngstr., Narverl'Jd 12.8.1967, LITTERATUR Zenobia subtusa L., Narverl'Jd 11.8.1967, Are­ OPHEIM, M. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Nor­ nostola phragmitidis Rb., Narverl'Jd 11.8.1967. way. Part 1. Rhopa10dera, Grypocera, Sphinges and TEi: Anthocaris cardamines L., Rjardal 24.5. Bombyces (1958, 26p) and Part n. Noctuoidea. 1968. (1962,-32 p). Norsk Entomologisk Forening, Oslo. Om noen norske arter av slekten Atheta Ths. (Col., Staphylinidae)

ANDREAS STRAND Melumveien 38, Oslo 7

Abstract: STRAND, A. 1968. Ober einige norwegische Arten der Gattung Atheta (Col., Staphylinidae). Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 15, 61-62. Der Verfasser teilt einige norwegische Funde van Atheten mit und rnacht u. a. darauf aufmerksam, dass die van Munster beschriebene Atheta taxiceroides mit der friiher beschriebenen subquadrata Sharp identisch zu sein scheint.

A theta (Microdota) nesslingi Bernh. Arten er Det er her ikke nevnt noe om hvorvidt has oss tidligere bare kjent fra B0: Teksle i brystskjoldet var symmetrisk eller ikke. Nrer­ Numedal, men den 13/7 1964 fant jeg to eks­ mest ligger det vel a tro at det gjelder sym­ emplarer i saft fra en bj0rkestubb pa On: Va­ metriske eksemplarer, da det er lite trolig at lasj0. de ellers ville bli gitt srerskilt navn. Atheta (Atheta s. str.) divisa Mark. Jeg har Atheta (Atheta s. str.) subquadrata Sharp. tidligere (Strand 1959) redegjort for en del funn Arten er beskrevet etter en 'i' fra Brockenhurst av denne arten med misdannet brystskjold. I i New Forest, England. Beare (1930) har den 10pet av de siste arene har jeg pa AK: Br0nn­ med i sin katalog, og Brundin (1953) har un­ 0ya, Asker funnet ytterligere 9 eksemplarer ders0kt typen, som han mener er angusticollis med svakt til meget sterkt uttrukne bakhj0r­ Ths. Joy (1932) har den derimot ikke med. ner pa brystskjoldet, to av dem symmetriske, For en tid siden fikk jeg fra Allen til under­ de 0vrige til dels meget sterkt asymmetriske, s0kelse en art som han mente er subquadrata. mest i h0nselort, men ogsa i h0nse- og padde­ Den stemmer helt med to eksemplarer (3, 'i') kadaver og et eksemplar flygende. Funnene fra New Forest, som jeg for mange ar siden fordeler seg pa samtlige maneder fra mai til fikk av Harwood, og som har f0lgende seddel: september. «?nitidicollis Fairm. det. Deville». Ved a un­ Merkelig nok ser det ut til at flere abnorme ders0ke den nrermere viste den seg a vrere divisa ogsa er funnet i England sa langt til­ taxiceroides Munst. bake som omkring arhundreskiftet. Saledes Allen har fors0kt a finne typen av sub­ nevner Fowler og Donisthorpe (1913) f0lgende: quadrata, men uten resultat. Derimot har han 'H. (Atheta) divisa, Mark., var. blatchi, Ellis, i British Museums materiale funnet en rekke Ent. Rec. 1901, p. 251. H. angulata, Fowler eksemplarer, som han regner som subquadrata. and Sharp Cat., 1893. A very distinct form De er alle fra New Forest. differing from the type in that the base of the Det kan etter dette ikke avgj0res helt sik­ thorax is much wider than the elytra owing to kert hva typen er, men da det er rimeligst a the strongly developed posterior angles. tro at det er den samme som taxiceroides, og Taken by the late Mr. W. F. Blatch in dead da arten i England vil komme til a ga under moles and hedgehogs at Knowle, Warwickshire. navnet subquadrata, b0r Munsters navn trek­ Mr. Willoughby Ellis, who described this form kes inn som synonym. If0lge Brundin (1953) in honour of Mr. Blatch, has also taken it in er nitidicollis Fairm. den samme som fungicola similar situations.' Ths. 62 A. STRAND

Arten har en eiendommelig utbredelse, nem­ materiale har jeg en c;? med to slike gruber, en lig England (New Forest), N.-Norge (TRy: c;? med en tydelig grube pa den ene siden og Oksfjorddal, TRi: MiUselv og Nordreisa) samt en svak pa den andre samt en c;? med grube Beskidene. bare pa den ene siden. Noe liknende ser det Atheta (Badura) puncticollis G. Benick. ogsa ut til a va:re hos Thiasophila wockei Denne arten er i N orge kjent fra f01gende ste­ G. W. Schneider. Rorion (1967) nevner saledes der: AK: R0a (A. Strand), B0: Lyngdal (Muns­ at det i 0sterrike er funnet eksemplarer av ter) og VE: Sand0y (A. Strand). Pa On: Vala­ denne art som har en slik punktgrube pa hver sj0 i ca. 1000 m h0yde tok Anders Vik den side av brystskjoldet (var. bifossulata Scheerp. 10/8 1964 en c;?, som har en spermatheca som i.I.). I mitt materiale av denne arten er det i form stemmer med de andre eksemplarer jeg en rekke slike eksemplarer, men dybden av har, men den er betydelig st0rre. Benick har grubene varierer, og ogsa her er det et eks­ sett eksemplaret og bekreftet at det er puncti­ emplar som har sterkere grube pa den ene si­ collis. den enn pa den andre. Atheta (Amischa) amplicollis Muls. & Rey. De kjente norske funn av amplicollis er: Kevan (1966) har publisert et funn av denne AK: Lommedal og R0a, B0: Svene, Nsi: Mo i arten etter et eksemplar tatt i Cornwall. Det Rana, Nnv: L0dingen og TRi: Malsnes. Pa de har va:rt unders0kt av Benick, som mener at to sistnevnte steder ble den tatt ved sikting av det er amplicollis, uten a va:re helt sikker, mens tang i sj0kanten. Jarrige, som ogsa har sett eksemplaret, mener at det er en annen art. Det har ikke va:rt mulig a finne typemateriale. LITTERATUR I materialet fra flom i Lysakerelva ved AK: R0a, Oslo, fant jeg den 13/5 1966 og den 15/5 BEARE, T. HUDSON, 1930. A Catalogue ofthe recorded 1967 over et halvt hundre eksemplarer som Coleoptera ofthe British Isles. London (55 p.). stemmer godt med Kevans beskrivelse. Bade BRUNDIN, L. 1953. Neue palaearktische Arten der Gattung Atheta C. G. Thorns. Norsk ent. Tidsskr.9, Benick og Kevan har sett norske eksemplarer 1-17. og bekrefter at det er samme art. FOWLER, W. W. & DONlSTHORPE, H. S. J. 1913. The Arten har tidligere va:rt regnet som syno­ Coleoptera ofthe British Islands. VI. London. (351 p.). nym til fungi Gr., som den likner sterkt, men HORION, A. 1967. Faunistik der mitteleuropaischen den er gjennomsnittlig st0rre med bredere og Kafer. Band XI. Staphylinidae. 3. Teil. Uberlingen­ mer rundet brystskjold, m0rkere f0lehorn, tet­ Bodensee. (415 p.). tere og mer bredmasket mikroskulptur pa bak­ JOY, N. H. 1932. A Practical Handbook of British kroppens ryggledd, og spermathecaen er be­ Beetles. London. (622+194 p.). tydelig st0rre. KEVAN, D. K. 1966. Atheta (Aerotona) amplicol/is Kevan (1967) oppgir at en () som han har (Mulsant & Rey) (Col., Staphylinidae) new to the British List. Entomologist's mono Mag. 101, 122-124. unders0kt, har en tydelig, stor punktgrube pa KEVAN, D. K. 1967. Atheta (Acrotona) amplicollis hver side av brystskjoldet et stykke fra midt­ Mulsant & Rey (Col., Staphylinidae). Entomologist's linjen og omkring Y3 fra roten, en karakter mon.Mag.l02,272. som han sier ville va:re meget nyttig, dersom STRAND, A. 1959. Misdannelser av brystskjoldet hos det skulle vise seg at den er konstant. I mitt Atheta divisa Miirk. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 11, 43-45.

Mottatt 28. februar 1968 Uber die norwegischen Tabaniden (Diptera)

HANS KAURI Zoological Museum, University of Bergen

Abstract: KAURl, H. 1968. Ober die norwegischen Tabaniden (Diptera) Norsk ent. Tidsskr., 15, 63-64. Records of some horseflies in Norway are presented. To the species known from Norway may be added, Hybomitra distinguenda Verral, Tabanus glaucopis Meigen and Hexatoma pellucens Fabr.

Die Tabanidenfauna Norwegens hat in der Altafjordbotn, angegeben worden (Kauri 1964). entomologisehen Literatur wenig Aufmerk­ In Sehweden ist conformis weit verbreitet von samkeit gefunden. Die artliehe Zusammen­ Sehonen bis Karesuando, Torne Lappmark setzung der Fauna sowie Verbreitung der Ar­ (Kauri 1964). ten ist nieht naher bekannt. Ausserdem ist in Hybomitra distinguenda Verral: Rogaland den letzten Jahren die Synonymik vieler euro­ (R), Bratteb0 und Myrland TN; 0stfold, S. paisehen Arten geklart und einige nomenkla­ Sand0y SJ. Die Zeitangaben verteilen sieh vom turisehe Anderungen sind vorgesehlagen wor­ 30.6-8.7. Diese Art ist friiher in Norwegen den. Eine Veroffentliehung der bekanntge­ nieht gefunden worden. Samtliehe Fundstellen wordenen neuen Angaben findet dadurch ihre liegen im Siiden des Landes. In Sehweden er­ Bereehtigung. reieht distinguenda langs der Kiiste der Ostsee Eine Reihe kleinerer Sammlungen von Dr. Nederluleii 65° 35' n.Br. (Kauri 1954). A. Semb-Johansson, eand. mag. Tore Nielsen, Hybomitra lapponica Wahlberg: Hedmark dem Arzt Arne Nielsen und stud. real. Arne (HE), Borkhus, Tolldal 22.7. TN. Fjellberg, die vom Verfasser bearbeitet worden Hybomitra lundbecki Lyneborg (fulvicornis sind, bilden die Unterlage dieses Verzeieh­ auett.): S0r-Tr0ndelag (ST), Kongsvoll, Gr0n­ nisses. Die Namen der Sammler werden im bakken 9.7. TN; Buskerud (BD), Gol 13.7. folgenden verkiirzt gebraueht: SJ - A. Semb­ AN; 0stfold, S. Sand0y 17.6. SJ; Oslo, Sogns­ Johansson, AN - Arne Nielsen, TN - Tore vann 10.7. SJ. Diese Art ist in der alteren Li­ Nielsen und AF - Arne Fjellberg. teratur irrtiimlieh als fulvicornis Meigen be­ Hybomitra bimaculata Macq. (tropica auett., zeiehnet (Lyneborg 1959), oft aueh mit mon­ confinis Zett., collini Lyneborg, nee tropica tana Meigen verweehselt worden. L.): Vestfold (VE), TjI,1)me 20.6-14.7. AF; Hybomitra m. montana Meigen: Vestland, 0stfold (0), S. Sand0Y 14.6-8.7. SJ. Diese TN; Vestfold, Tj0me 19.7. AF; 0stfold, S. Art hat sieher eine ausgedehnte Verbreitung Sand0y 23.-29.7. SJ. Eine Revision der alte­ im Lande, wegen der verwiekelten Synonymik ren Sammlungen ist notwendig, weil die Art aber miissen die alteren Angaben revidiert of mit lundbecki, montana flaviceps und tro­ werden. pica verweehselt wird. Hybomitra conformis Frey (con finis Olsou­ Hyhomitra nigricornis Zett.: S0r-Tr0ndelag, fjev, nee confinis Zett.): Vestfold, Tj0me 6.6 Ghiili 28.7. TN; Hedmark, Borkhus, Tolldal -20.6. AF. Die Art ist friiher flir Finnmark, 22.7. TN. 64 H. KAURI

Hybomilra sexfasciata Hine (Tabanus bore­ Tabanus sudeticus Zeller: Vestfold, Tj0me aliI' anderi Kauri): Diese nordamerikanisehe 19.-22.7. AF; 0stfold, S. Sand0Y 1.-15.7. SI. Art wurde vor einigen Iahren flir Europa fest­ In den Sammlungen des Zoologisehen Mu­ gestellt, indem die Identitiit mit borealis anderi seums d. Univ. Bergen befindet sieh Material erkannt wurde (Kauri 1958). Die Versehieden­ von Akershus, Aust-Agder, Rogaland und heit gegeniiber borealis Loew hatte sehon Hordaland. Zetterstedt observiert und die Form als Varie­ Atylotus plebejus Fallen: Rogaland, Brat­ tiit «e» (abdominis lateribus non ferrugines) teb0 3.7. TN. bezeiehnet (Zetterstedt 1840). Die norwegisehen Atylotus sublunaticornis Zett. (partim pleb­ Fundorte sind Finnmark, Bossekop (Zetter­ ejus Krober und plebejus Olsoufjev, nee pleb­ stedt loe. eit.) und Varanger, sowie Troms0, ejlls Fallen): S0r-Tr0ndelag, Kongsvoll, Gr0n­ S0rstrannen (Kauri 1951). bakken 9.7. TN. Das Typusmaterial flir diese Hybomitra tropica L. (tuxeni Lyneborg): Art hatte Zetterstedt in Kalahog, Norwegen, Vestfold, Tj0me 18.7.-11.8. AF; Rogaland, gesammelt. Die spateren Autoren haben sub­ Klepp, Alvevatn 18.7. AN & TN. Aueh diese lunaticornis meist mit plebejus Fallen zusam­ Art ist von frliheren Verfassern manehmal mengeworfen, weshalb die beiden Arten in unriehtig bestimmt worden. In den Sammlung­ den Sammlungen unter dem Namen plebejus en des Zoologischen Museums der Univ. Ber­ zu finden sind. Der andere norwegisehe Fund­ gen ist z.B. von den von Bidenkap signierten ort, den Zetterstedt angibt, ist Nord-Tr0ndelag, Stlieken ein ~ riehtig als Tabanus tropicus L. SuI. In Sehweden ist die Art weit verbreitet, bestimmt, ein 3 aber als fulvicornis. am nordliehsten bei Abisko. Die meisten Fund­ Tabanus glaucopis Meigen: Vestfold, Tj0me orte in Sehweden liegen im Westen des Landes. 20.7. AF; Oslo, Aklungen 27.6. SI; 0stfold, S. Hexatoma pellllcens Fabr.: Vestfold, Tj0me Sand0y 25.7.-16.8. SI. An dem letztgenann­ 8.-20.7. AF. Aus Sehweden ist diese seltene ten Fundort hat Dr. Semb-Iohansson insge­ Art nur an wenigen Fundorten gefunden wor­ samt 5 ~ erbeutet. Eine betraehtliehe Menge, den. weil die Art in Skandinavien sonst nur verein­ zelt gefunden wird. Diese slidliehe Art ist LITERATUR frliher nieht als norwegiseh angegeben worden. KAURI, H. 1951. Bemerkungcn uber sehwcdischc Aus Sehweden sind nur wenige Fundorte be­ Tabaniden.Opusc. ent. 16,97-109. kannt, am nordliehsten in Dalarna bei Falun KAURI, H. 1954. Bemerkungcn uber schwedische (Kauri 1951). Aus Danemark liegen iiberhaupt Tabanidcn n. Opusc. ent. 19,239-244. keine Fundangaben vor. Die Verbreitung der KAURI,H.1958. Ubcr zwei fur Europa und Nordamerika Art umfasst sonst West-, Mittel- und Slid­ gemeinsame Tabaniden-Arten. Opusc. ent. 23, 95-104. europa, Osteuropa bis zum Ural. KAURI, H. 1964. Uber die nordskandinavischen Tabanus maculicornis Zett.: Hordaland Tabaniden (Diptera). Opusc. ent. 29, 99-108. LVNEBORG, L. 1959. A revision of the Danish species of (HO), Voss 15.7. TN; 0stfold, S. Sand0y 18.­ Hybomitra End. (Dip!., Tabanidae). Ent. Meddr. 29, 20.6. SI. T. maculicomis wurde von Zetter­ 78-150. stedt (1842) auf Grund des norwegisehen Ma­ ZETTERSTEDT, J. W. 1840. Insecta Lapponica. terials besehrieben. In Sehweden von Sehonen ZETTERSTEDT, J. W. 1842. Diptera Scandinaviae I. bis Norrbottcn verbreitet. Lund.

Eingegangen 14 Mars 1968 Typhochraestus sylviae sp.n. and Panamomops mengei Simon (Araneae) in Norway

ERLlNG HAUGE Zoological Museum, University of Bergen

Abstract: HAUGE, E. 1968. Typhochraestlls sylviae sp.n. and Panamomops mengei Simon (Araneae) in Norway. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 15,65-69. During summer 1967 two species of the family Erigonidae (Araneae) were found in Ankenes, Nordland, in Northern Norway. TypllOc!7raestus sylviae sp.n. is described as new to science, and Panamomops mengei Simon is reported for the first time from Norway. Both species were found in the ground cover of a north­ facing birch foresl about 200 m above sea level.

During arachnological investigations made dur­ gently to a point situated at the beginning of ing the summer of 1967 in Nordland, Skjo­ the last 13 of the cephalothorax, after which it menfjord in the Ankenes district, about 30 km falls in a steeper line (Fig. 1). south of Narvik, two species of the family Posterior row of eyes slightly procurve. Erigonidae, which deserve some attention, have Distance between posterior medians equal to been found. I have come to the conclusion that their diameter. Distance to the laterals is one of the species, Panamomops mengei, is equal to the diameter of the laterals, which is new to Norway, and that the other, Typho­ slightly less than that of the medians (ca. :Vs). craestus, seems to be new to science. The diameter of the anterior lateral eyes is the same as the diameter of the posterior TYPHOCHRAESTUS SYLVIAE SPN. medians. Anterior medians about half the Description: 1 female. Total length: 1.88 mm, diameter of the laterals. length and width of cephalothorax 0.76 and Length of chelicerae 0.30 mm. Posterior 0.52 mm respectively. Width of head behind margin has 5 small teeth, close to each other. eyes 0.33 mm. Abdomen 1.26 mm. Measure­ Anterior margin with 6 larger teeth. The ments taken on legs I-IV (ta.-metat.-tib.-pat.­ outermost one is a little smaller than the fem.-tr.-cx.): Leg I (0.38 - 0.42 - 049 - 0.22 ­ others, which are of approximately the same 0.58 - 0.07 - 0.14) = 2.40 mm, leg 11 (0.34 ­ size and at equal distance from each other, 0.36 - 0.43 - 0.20 - 0.54 - 0.06 - 0.14) = 2.07 mm, leg III (0.32 - 0.34 - 0.36 - 0.18 - 0.50 ­ 0.07 - 0.10) = 1.87 mm, leg IV (0.38 - 0.47 ­ 0.61 - 0.21 - 0.74 - 0.06 - 0.10) = 2.62 mm. Length of legs in order: 4, 1, 2, 3. Cephalothorax oval, appears narrow, width of head about 73 of that of thorax. Viewed from above the clypeus is somewhat protrud­ ing. The profile of the cephalothorax shows a distinct convexity behind the posterior eyes, and immediately afterwards decreases, to slope Fig. I. TypllOchraesfus sylviae, profile of cephalothorax 5A-Norsk ent. Tidssk ... 66 E. HAUGE

placed, until the male is discovered, In the genus Typhochraeslus Simon 1884. Locality of ho]otypus: Nordland, Skjomen­ fjord in Ankenes district, about 200 m above sea level. The s(1ider was found between wet leaves on the ground in north-facing hirch forest. Undergrowth dominated by Dryopleri.l· and a thii1 discontinuous layer of moss (par­ ticularly llylocomium). A female was collected on 14-VIIl-1967 together with: llilaira her­ Fig. 2. Typhochraesl/ls sylviae, epigyne. Il;osa (Thor.), Celllromeru.\" arcallus (Cambr.), Leplhyphallles lellehr;co{a (Wider), Lal;lhorax except for the innermost one, which is situated {alu.l· (Holm), Ehor;a jausla (Cambr.), Tap;llo­ at some greater distance from its neighhour. cyha paf{el1s (Camhr.), Maro sl/h{eslus Falco­ Sternum as hroad as long, with a hroad (1ro­ ner. trusion hetween coxae I V. A com(1arison of my species with other Femurs 1-UI have ventrally, near the middle species of the genus Typhochraestus Simon of the distal half, a long spine. Patellae I-IV 1884 reveals: Spine formula on tib. I-IV (2221) have a dorsal, apical spine. Tihias I-ITI have corresponds to that of T. d;gilalus (Wiehle 2 dorsal spines in positions: Tib. I 0.18 and 1960) and T.lerm;s (Holm 1943). On T. hrucei. 0.73, tib. II 0.16 and 0.72, tib. III 0.19 and 0.72. Tullgren (1955) reports one spine on the basal Tibia IV has one spine in position 0.28. On half of tib. IV, near the middle of the tihia, tibia 1, length of spines is about 1.5 times the and 2 dorsal spines on tib. 1. diameter of the tibia; on tibia IV the cor­ There are some differences between my spec­ responding ratio is 2.25. imen and the others as regards the positions Metatarsus IV without a trichobothrium. of the trichobothriums on metal. I-Ill, espe­ Positions of trichobothriums on the other cially I and II. According to Wiehle (1960) metatarses are: TmI = 0.57, TmIl = 0.53, digitatus has TmI-I11 = 0.40 (III)-0.45. Tull­ TmIll = 0.47. gren (1955) reports from bruce; trichobothri­ The ratio between length of metatarsus I and urns of metal. I-Ill at the basal half near the its diameter is 7.64. The corresponding ratio middle of the metal. The same is true of tenuis on leg IV is 9.40. (I + I1) (Holm 1943), but with TmIl > 0.5. My Cephalothorax is yellow-brown, strongly suf­ fused with black, black 6-sided spot behind the eyes, black radial stripes and dark mar­ gin. Ocular area dark. Abdomen grey. The area around the spinnerets is much lighter than the rest of the abdomen. The abdomen has on its ventral side two lateral rows of light spots. Sternum dark, smooth and arched. Legs lighter than cephalothorax, though suffused with black. Epigyne (Fig. 2) is similar to that of T. digi­ lalus (Wiehle (1960) and Locket & Millidge (1953». The structure of the vulva (Fig. 3) to­ 0,1 I"'ll'l'l gether with the other characters leads me to f------~~----\ suppose that this species is most correctly Fig. 3. Typ/lOchraestus sylviae, vulva. TYPHOCHRAESTUS SYLVIAE AND PANAMOMOPS MENGEI 67

Table I. Measurements of Panamomops men- The epigyne, Fig. 2, is similar to that of gei (in mm). Length of abdomen to the tips of digitatus (Wiehle 1960, Fig. 602 and Locket the spinnerets & Millidge (1953», but lacks the tongue­ shaped anterior part found on tenuis (Holm Specimens 1943, T. 11, Fig. 19), and IS very different 2 3 Mean from the epigyne of brucei (Tullgren 1955, T. XIV, Fig. 41 a). Total length 1.45 1.55 1.47 1.49 The vulva (Fig. 3) differs from that of Length of digitatus (Wiehle 1960) in the shape of the cephalothorax 0.69 0.69 0.69 0.69 Width of ceph.- ducts leading from the receptaculae seminis to th. 0.49 0.49 0.51 0.50 Width of head behind eyes 0.32 0.33 0.32 0.32 Table 11. Measurements of legs of Panamo­ Width of ocular mops mengei made dorsally. Length of tarses to area 0.26 0.25 0.27 0.26 the basis of the claws. Total length of legs = Length of med. the sum of the lengths of the articulates eye trapezium 0.12 0.12 0.14 0.13 Clypeus 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 Length inmm Total length Length of abdomen 0.98 1.02 1.06 1.02 2 3 2 3 Mean Length of Tarse I 0.30 0.29 0.31 chelicerae 0.22 0.26 0.23 0.24 Metat. I 0.33 0.32 0.35 Width of sternum 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.36 Tibia I 0.39 0.39 0.39 Length of sternum 0.39 0.39 0.43 0.40 Patella I 0.18 0.18 0.20 1.93 1.93 2.04 1.97 Femur I 0.49 0.49 0.51 Troch. I 0.08 0.08 0.10 species is therefore the only one that has Coxa I 0.16 0.18 0.18 Tml + 11 > 0.5. As to the size of the eyes and the distances Tarse 11 0.28 0.28 0.27 Metat.I1 between them, there are similarities, except 0.31 0.31 0.31 Tibia 11 0.35 0.35 0.35 that in brucei the anterior laterals are the Pat. 11 0.19 0.18 0.18 1.79 1.79 1.80 1.79 largest ones, and in tenuis the distance between Femur 11 0.45 0.45 0.45 posterior medians and laterals is less than their Troch.I1 0.08 0.06 0.08 diameter. The posterior row of eyes is slightly Coxa 11 0.13 0.16 0.16 recurve on digitatus, on tenuis almost straight, Tarse III 0.25 0.24 0.26 on my specimen slightly procurve and on Metat. III 0.29 0.29 0.29 hrucei it is clearly procurve. Tibia III 0.28 0.29 0.28 Number of teeth on anterior margin of Pat. III 0.18 0.18 0.20 1.50 1.61 1.65 1.62 chelicerae is 6 and corresponds to digitatus; Femur 111 0.39 0.39 0.39 brucei and tenuis are both reported to have 5 Troch.1I1 0.08 0.06 0.08 teeth. Coxa III 0.13 0.16 0.15 The ratio length of ta./metat. on my spec­ Tarse IV 0.28 0.29 0.26 imen is: 0.91(1), 0.94(11), 0.94(III), 0.80(IV). Metat. IV 0.37 0.37 0.38 These are somewhat higher values than those Tibia IV 0.46 0.47 0.47 for digitatus. According to Holm (1943) the Pat. IV 0.18 0.18 0.18 2.09 2.10 2.07 2.09 anterior tarses are almost as long as the meta­ Femur IV 0.52 0.52 0.52 tarses on tenuis. The same is reported of hru­ Troch. IV 0.1 0 0.08 0.1 0 eel. Coxa IV 0.18 0.19 0.16

5B-Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 68 E. HAUGE

Table Ill. Positions of spines on tibia I-IV in Spine formula on tibias I-IV is 2211, as re­ Panamomops mengei. A and B refers to prox- corded by Holm (1939). According to Wiehle imal and distal spines of the tibia (1960). P. mengei has spine formula 2221. The positions of tibia spines of my 3 speci­ Specimens mens are given in Table HI. The mean value Tibia 2 3 Mean of the ratio between the length of tibia spine A 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 IV and the diameter of the tibia is 1.4. The B 0.70 0.75 0.75 0.73 corresponding ratio on tib. I-IH is about 1.25. The ratios, length of metat. I/tarsus I, are A 0.14 0.11 0.14 0.13 II 1.10; 1.1 0 and 1.13, mean 1.11. The corre­ B 0.67 0.72 0.72 0.71 sponding ratios on leg IV are 1.33; 1.28 and III 0.17 0.20 0.17 0.18 1.46, mean = 1.36. IV 0.28 0.27 0.25 0.27 The ratios, length of metat. I/diam. metat. I, are 4.9; 4.9 and 4.3, mean = 4.7. Table IV. Positions of trichobothriums on the Posterior eyes of equal size, distance be­ metatarsus I-Ill in Panamomops mengei tween medians equal to their diameter, dis-

Specimens Metat. 2 3 Mean

I 0.33 0.33 0.31 0.32 II 0.33 0.34 0.31 0.33 III 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37

the vagina. There are also differences from tenuis (Holm 1943, Fig. 14 a) and brucei (Tull­ gren 1955, Fig. 41 b) in the site of the open­ ings of the copulatory ducts. As to the length of the species, my specimen is, at 1.88 mm, much longer than digitatus (1.4-1.5 mm) (Wiehle 1960), and somewhat Fig. 4. Panamomops mengei, epigyne, ca.220x. longer than tenuis (1.7 mm) (female) (Holm 1943) and brucei (1.6 mm) (Tullgren 1955). Holotypus: 1 female, Zoological Museum, University of Bergen.

PANAMOMOPS MENGEl SIMON (T/SO NEMORALIS HOLM 1939, PANAMOMOPS SULeIFRONS HACKMAN 1951) Found 19-VI-1967, about 200 m above sea level, among wet detritus in north-facing birch forest, with undergrowth dominated by Dryop­ teris and a thin, discontinuous moss cover (mainly Hylocomium), 3 females. 0.1 ",m Some measurements from my 3 specimens are shown in Table I. Fig. 5. Panamomops mengei, vulva. TYPHOCHRAESTUS SYLVIAE AND PANAMOMOPS MENGEI 69 tance to the laterals about 1.25 times their tema mengei (Simon), Robertus scoticus Jack­ diameter. Posterior row of eyes slightly pro­ son, Ceratinella brevipes (Westr.). curve. For synonyms of Panamomops mengei see Each patella has a strong dorsal, apical spine. Miller (1959). The same is found on the palpal tibias. Cephalothorax is broad, and likewise the ACKNOWLEDGEMENT head. Profile of cephalothorax as recorded by Dr. H. Kauri, director of the Zoological Mu­ Holm (1939, Fig. 17a). seum, has helped me carry out this work. Cephalothorax is brownish-grey suffused with black, dark 6-sided spot behind eyes, dark radial lines and dark margins. Ocular REFERENCES area is black. The middle of the clypeus is suf­ HACKMAN, W. 1951. Contributions to the knowledge fused with black. Sternum is dark, smooth and of Finnish spiders. Memo. Soc. Fauna Florafenn. 27, arched. Dark edges on coxae. Chelicerae yel­ 69-79. low-brown suffused with black. HOLM, A. 1939. Neue Spinnen aus Schweden. Ark. Posterior margin of chelicerae has 5 small Zoo!., 31a (8), 1-38. teeth of equal size, close to each other. An­ HOLM, A. 1943. Uber einige Spinnengattungen. Ark. terior margin has 6 larger teeth, the 4 outer­ Zoo!., 34a (19), 1-32. most of equal size, close together, then one LOCKET, G. H. & MILLIDGE, A. F. 1953. British Spiders still larger, and the innermost much smaller. II. Ray Society, London. (449 pp.) At the front of chelicerae, somewhat above MILLER, F. 1959. Einige neue oder unvolIkommen the large tooth, are two small hook-like teeth. bekannte Spinnenarten aus der Familie der Erigoni­ den. Sb. ent. Odd. nar. Mus. Praze. 33, 41-59. Epigyne (Fig. 4), and vulva (Fig. 5), accord TULLGREN, A. 1955. Zur Kenntnis schwedischer to a large extent with drawings made by Erigoniden, Ark. Zoo!. 7, 295-389. Wiehle (1960) and Holm (1939). WIEHLE, H. 1960. Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea Species found in the same sample as P. men­ (Araneae), XI: Micryphantidae - Zwergspinnen. gei: Tapinocyba pallens (Cambr.), Trichop- Tierwe!t Dt!., Teil47, (620 pp.)

Received 25 March 1968 New Records of Fleas from Norway

REIDAR MEHL Zoological Museum, University of Oslo, Norway

Abstract: MEHL, R. 1968. New Records of Fleas from Norway. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 15, 70. The following species of fleas are reported from Norway: Archaeopsylla e. erinacei (Bouche, 1835), Chaetopsylla globiceps (Taschenberg, 1880), Ischnopsyllus octactenus (Kolenati, 1856), Ceratophyllus l'agabundus (Boheman, 1866) and Ceratophyllus fringillae (Walker, 1856).

In three previous papers (Mehl 1967a, b, c) I 1 '¥ from nest materials of Phalacrocorax ari­ have published records of 16 species of fleas stotelis L. gathered by G. Lid on Rund0y, not earlier reported from Norway. This paper Her0y, Sunnm0re, 16 June 1967. Unfortu­ adds four species and gives a record of a fifth, nately, the subspecies could not be determined. little known species from this country. Ac­ Ceratophyllus fringillae (Walker, 1856) 1 3 cording to their formerly known distribution, from a nest of Sturnus vulgaris L. collected by the five species were expected to be found at J. A. Pedersen at S0ras, As, Akershus 6 June the new localities. Forty-eight species of fleas 1967. are now known from Norway. My specimens are kept at the Zoological ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Museum in Oslo. Thanks are due to the following persons for Archaeopsylla erinacei erinacei (Bouche, help in collecting hosts, nest materials and 1835). 1 3 1 '¥ ex Erinaceus europaeus L. Bo­ fleas: Curator J. A. Pedersen, preparators L. tanical Garden, T0yen, Oslo 27 May and 26 Blomberg and J. Teig, and cand. mag. G. Lid, June 1967, leg. R. Meh!. 2 3 5 '¥ ex E. euro­ all at the Zoological Museum in Oslo; and Mr. paeus SimensbriHen, Oslo 7 December 1967, Fossum jr., Oslo. leg. J. Teig. Chaetopsylla globiceps (Taschenberg, 1880) 1 '¥ Vulpes vulpes L. from Heggedal, Asker, REFERENCES Akershus February 1967, leg. Fossum jr. MEHL, R. 1967a. Fleas (Siphonaptera) new to Norway. This species is mentioned as occurring in Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 14, 60-62. Norway by Smit (1966) in his catalogue of the MEHL, R. I967b. Fleas (Siphonaptera) and nests of fleas of Switzerland, but as far as I know no Delichon urbica on cliffs. Fauna, Oslo 20, 168-175 (In further information has been published. Norwegian). MEHL, R. 1967c. Investigations on ectoparasitic Ischnopsyllus octactenus (Kolenati, 1856) insects on birds and mammals in South-Varanger, 2 Q ex Pipistrellus pipistrellus Schreber, Sun­ North Norway 1966. Fauna, Oslo 20, 195-201 (In det, Eidsvoll, Akershus in the spring 1956, leg. Norwegian). R. Meh\. SMIT, F. G. A. M. 1966. Siphonaptera. Insecta Hel­ Ceratophyllus vagabundus (Boheman, 1866) l'etica, Catalogus I Lausanne. (106 pp.)

Received 28 March 1968 The Larva of Miscodera arctica Payk. (Col., Carabidae)

JOHAN ANDERSEN Trams" Museum, Tramso

Abstract: ANDERSEN, J. 1968. The larva of Miscodera arctica Payk. (Col. Carabidae). Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 15, 71-74. The larva of Miscodera arctica Payk. is described. Its relationship to Broscussp. is evident but it is easily separated from this genus by, among other things, such characters as shape of nasale, absence of cervical groove and keel, laterally marginated tergites and shape of cerci.

The larva of the monotypic genera Miscodera In a footnote Lindroth (1945), however, men­ with the species M. arctica has hitherto been tions that the life cycle may take two years unknown (Lindroth 1961) and a description is in the northernmost part of Fennoscandia. As therefore given in the following. the larvae were taken as late as the beginning The material comprises three larvae, obvi­ of September and as one of them had still not ously in the third stage according to the ratio pupated at the end of October, it is probable between adult length and head width of the that larvae, as well as imagines, hibernate. larvae (Emden 1942). They were collected on More material is, however, needed to work 5 September 1967 about I km N of Frihetsli out the life history of the species in detail. in, Dividalen in TRi., and were found under stones on rather dry, sparsely vegetated mo­ DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVA raine (sand-silt mixture). Total length: about 10-11 mm, length of head Two Miscodera arctica adults were collected from tip of nasale to end of epicranial suture: in the same habitat, and Bembidion grapei 0.8-0.9 mm; width between ocelli: 0.9-1.0 mm. Gyll. and Amara quenseli Schl. occurred rather Least pigmented parts of head and prono­ abundantly. Two of the larvae were killed and turn, as well as legs, orange or brownish preserved in alcohol, while I tried to rear the orange. Parts of head and pronotum and most third one into an imago. However, the larva of mesonotum, metanotum and tergites brown died on 27 October. It was kept in a glass with or dark brown. Ventral side of head brown­ earth at room-temperature and small, dead in­ ish orange, ventrites pale greyish brown, sects were available as food. Although the easily separated from rest of ventral side of identification has not been verified by rearing abdominal segments by their pigmentation. to the imago stage, the following facts place Ocellar area black. Entire surface shiny. with­ the larva without doubt in Miscodera arctica: out visible microsculpture. the larvae are distinctly different from all Head (Fig. 1) from tip of nasale to end of other known carabid larvae, but some funda­ epicranial suture a little shorter than width be­ mental characters make it certain that they be­ tween ocelli. Total length of head (length long to the tribe Broscini. Miscodera arctica measured from tip of nasale to mid point of is the only member of the tribe recorded from an imaginary line drawn between hindmost Northern Norway (Lindroth 1960). parts of head) longer than width. Neck not present, without cervical groove and keel. Dis­ NOTES ON LIFE HISTORY tribution of setae on head roughly as in Fig. 1. Larsson (1939) regards Miscodera arctica as an Ocelli six, well developed, ocellar area without autumn breeder, whereas Lindroth (1945, 1961) distinct sulcus posteriorly and dorsally. Epicra­ is of the opinion that it hibernates as imago. nial suture developed, but rather short, about 72 J. ANDERSEN

second JOInt: 1.2-1.4. Mandibles strong with well developed retinaculum, penicillus present. Pronotum (Fig. I) much longer than and about 1.3 times broader than head. Pre- and postscutum (terminology according to B\1Jving 1910) with longitudinal, fine grooves. Scutum in anterior part in its entire width with a strong transversal furrow or constriction. Scu­ tum with about 40-50 setae on each half. Meso- and metanotum broader, but much shorter than pronotum. Scutum with about 30-35 setae on each half of median line. Pre­ scutum well defined, notum is marginated anteriorly, but hardly laterally and not pos­ teriorly. Postscutum of mesonotum and meta­ notum differs from scutum by longitudinal, fine grooves. Legs (Fig. 2a) short, but very strong. Tro­ chanter and femur about same length and longer than tibia and tarsus. Tibia a little shorter than tarsus. TIle outwardly directed, concave part of coxa with three and four setae, respectively, on the borders of the excava­ tion. One developed claw with two short, but very distinct spines on ventral side. Fig. I. Miscodera arctica Payk. Head and pronotum. Forelegs, left mandible and maxillae not drawn. Abdominal segments successively narrower, but slightly longer from first to ninth segment. one-seventh of length of frontale. Frontale lengthened with nasale protruding on median line, nasale reaching far in front of corners of adnasalia. Front margin of nasale narrow, two of the specimens with one strong median tooth and one on each side of it, whereas front mar­ gin was scarcely denticulated in the third larva. Terminal joint of labial palpi much shorter than basal joint. Ligula small, with two setae. Inner lobe of maxillae absent. Terminal joint o ! of outer lobe about 0.8 of basal joint. First joint of maxillary palpi longer than the others, 1.6-1.8 times longer than terminal joint, ter­ minal joint about 0.8-1.0 of second joint, slightly shorter than palpiger. Second joint 0.7-0.8 of first joint. Antennae short, joints ~~~G1r lumpy. First joint a little longer than third c joint, and about twice as long as terminal joint. Fig. 2. a-c. Miscodera arctica Payk. - a. Leg. - b. First Second joint about two-thirds of first joint. abdominal tergite, left half. - c. Latero-ventral sclerites Index length-width of first joint: 1.7-2.0; of of first abdominal segment. THE LARVA OF MISCODERA ARCTICA PAYK. 73

First tergite (Fig. 2b) about twice as broad as long. Tergites with about 27-34 setae on each half of median line. Postscutum suggested by longitudinal grooves and absence of setae. Pre­ scutum without grooves, well defined by the margination anteriorly. Tergites very distinctly marginated laterally, too. Sclerites on latero­ ventral side (Fig. 2c) consisting of ventrite, two pairs of postventrites, a pair of hypopleurites and some praeventrites of which one pair is distinct, whereas the others are more or less indistinctly defined. Cerci (Fig. 3 a and b) firmly fixed to ninth abdominal segment, rather strong, but short, not much longer than tenth abdominal seg­ ment. Cerci with strong, setiferous nodes with a about 14 setae each.

DISCUSSION The larva of Miscodera is distinguished from the larva of Broscus cephalotes L. by the char­ acters given in Table 1. Most of them seem to hold good for separation of Miscodera arctica from the entire genera Broscus, according to the key given by Emden (1942), perhaps with the exception of characters I, 4 and 8. M isco­ dera is smaller than even the first stage larva of Broscus cephalotes; the length of head from tip of nasale to end of epicranial suture is less than 1.0 mm in Miscodera, more than 1.0 mm in Broscus. Miscodera is separated from Axo­ b nya, according to Emden (1942), by the ab­ sence of the inner lobe of the maxillae, by the presence of penicillus on mandibles and two distinct spines on the claw. Fig. 3. a-b. Miscodera arctica Payk. a. Side view of 9th By means of imaginal characters, Ball (1956), and 10th abdominal segment. Only the right cerci in his systematic study of Broscini, divides the drawn. b. 9th abdominal segment. Dorsal view. tribe into three sub-tribes. The genera Axonya, Broscus and Miscodera all belong to one of them: Broscina. The author further arranges dera has some characters in common with the genera within the subtribe in three groups, Axonya (laterally marginated tergites, short of which one is made up of the single genus cerci) the relationship with Brosclls evidently Axonya, whereas Miscodera and Brosclls are is more fundamental: inner lobe of maxillae put in another, consisting of Oriental-Palaearc­ absent, penicillus present, and, above all, by tic-Nearctic genera (excl. Axonya). This sepa­ the presence of the spines on the cIaw. Since ration even seems very natural according to Broscus, according to imaginal characters, is larval characters. Although the larva of Misco- put in one group within the holarctic Broscina, 74 J. ANDERSEN

Table 1. Characters separating Broscus chephalotes L. and Miscodera arctica Payk from each other

Character(s) No. Broscus cephalotes Miscodera arctica

1 Head a little broader than long longer than broad 2 Cervical groove and keel present absent 3 Sulcus posteriorly and present not distinct dorsally of ocelli 4 Nasale Not protruding on median protruding on median line, line, truncate, front margin front margin narrow broad 5 Outer lobe second joint less than three­ second joint more than three­ fourths of first joint fourths of first joint 6 Maxillary palpi terminal joint strongly tapering terminal joint slightly tapering to apex, hardly half as long as to apex, more than two-thirds second joint of second joint 7 Antennae joints rather slender, first joints lumpy, first joint less joint nearly 2.5 times longer than two times longer than than broad broad 8 Setae along borders of at least four and six respectively three and four respectively excavation on coxa in second and third stage larvae 9 Tergites not marginated laterally marginated laterally 10 Cerci long and slender, much longer short and lumpy, not much than tenth abdominal segment longer than tenth abdominal segment

and Miscodera in another by further arraying REFERENCES of the sub-tribe (Ball 1956), it is reasonable to BAll, G. E. 1956. Notes on the genus Zacotus Le believe that the larval characters mentioned Conte, 1869, and on the classification of the tribe for Broscus and Miscodera are common to all Broscini (~Broscidae sensu leanell, 1941. Coleoptera, the seven holarctic genera of Broscina. Carabidae). Coleopts. Bull. 10, 33-52. The data we now have about the larva of BaVING, A. 1910. Nye bidrag til Carabernes Udvik­ Miscodera make it difficult to separate Bro­ lingshistorie. I. Larver til Calathus, Olistophus, Oodes og Blethisa. Ent. Meddr. 3, 319-376. scini from Bembidini according to the key of EMDEN, F. VAN 1942. A key to the genera of larval Emden (1942). Miscodera is, however, easily Carabidae (CoL). Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 92, 1-99. distinguished from this tribe by the lateral LARSSON, S. G. 1939. Entwicklungstypen und Ent­ margination of the tergites and the spines on wicklungszeiten der danischen Carabiden. Ent. the claw. It is also separated from Pogonini Meddr. 20, 277-560. by at least the last character. LINDROTH, C. H. 1945. Die fennoscandischen Carabidae. I. Spezieller TeiL Gflteborgs K. Vetensk.­ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS o. Vitterh Samh. Handl. Ser. B. 4, 1-709. LINDROTH, C. H. 1960. Catalogus Coleopterorum I wish to express my gratitude to Doc. S. G. Fennoscandiae et Daniae. Entomologiska sallsk., Larsson, Copenhagen, for giving Troms~ Mu­ Lund (625 p.). seum material of Broscus cephalotes for com­ LINDROTH, C. H. 1961. The ground-beetles (Carabidae, parison, and to R. Binns, B.sc., for checking excL Cicindelinae) of Canada and Alaska. Part 2. the English. Opusc. ent. SuppL 20, 1-200. Received 15 March 1968 Acrotrichis insularis (Maklin, 1852) (Col., Ptiliidae) Designation of Lectotype and Redescription

EIVIND SUNDT S6ndre Oppegard, Svartskog, Norway

Abstract: SUNDT, E. 1968. Acrotrichis insu/aris (Miiklin, 1852) (Col., Ptiliidae), designation of lectotype and redescription. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 15, 75-77. The present article gives a redescription and lectotype­ designation of a new palearctic species, Acrotrichis insu/aris (Miiklin, 1852). The author establishes Aerotrichis sitcaensis (Motschulsky, 1842) as a nomen dubium.

INTRODUCTION Sleeping Beauty existence as a synonym to At Prestbakke in Idd, 0stfold (0 13), during which little attention has been paid. the summer of 1965, Dr. Nf Bakke collected In order to clear up the identity of the three specimens of an Acrotrichis species not species, I approached the museums in Helsinki previously found in the palearctic region. The and Moscow, where Miiklin's and Motschul­ specimens were taken in an insect trap in sky's collections respectively are kept, with a flight. Dr. Andreas Strand, to whom Bakke request to be sent for examination any ma­ gave the specimens, sent them to me for ex­ terial available of the species concerned. Dr. amination. They proved to be of the same Zhelochovtsev of Zoological Museum, Moscow, species as Miiklin described in 1852 under the informed me, however, that there is no speci­ name Trichopteryx insularis from specimens men of sitcaensis in Motschulsky's collection, collected by Holmberg on the island of Sitka nor is there any label. Acrotrichis sitcaensis on the west coast of Alaska. Later, Bakke (Motschulsky 1845) is consequently a nomen collected the species in flight at (AK 6), As in dubium because of incomplete description Akershus, and Strand has found it underneath and the lack of type specimen (Sundt 1958a). an old moose cadaver in Sorkedalen near Oslo. Subsequently, insu/aris was reported from England as found beneath old hay in York­ DESIGNATION OF LECTOTYPE shire (Johnson 1966). Fourteen specimens of insularis are in the Acrotrichis insularis has had a modest and Zoological Museum, Helsinki, and all of them secluded existence in literature. Apart from have been sent me for examination. Ten of the the description in 1852, it is only mentioned as specimens are labelled 'Sitca', 'Holmberg', a valid species by Motschulsky (1868) to­ whereas the other four, mounted, moreover, gether with sitcaensis Motschulsky, 1845, while on the same cardboard, are labelled 'Trichop­ Matthews (1872) synonymizes the two species teryx insularis Miiklin. Amer. Bor.'. The hand­ and gives priority to sitcaensis, which was de­ writing on this label is not that of Miiklin. I scribed seven years earlier. Later authors, in­ see no reason to throw doubt upon the syn­ cluding Csiki (1911), have followed Matthews' typical value of the ten first-mentioned speci­ indication with the consequence that insula­ mens, whereas I do not consider the last four ris, for nearly one hundred years, has led a to belong to the original type-material. 76 E. SUNDT

I have designated the following lectotype: ulation. Antennae medium long, 3rd-8th joint A ~ with the spermatheca mounted on its of the same length as fascicularis Hb. Prono­ own cardboard and with labels as follows: turn with fine, diffuse punctulation and with 'Sitca'; 'Holmberg'; Helsinki Museum's No. the same characteristic microreticulation as 2391: Acrotrichis insularis (Miiklin), det. fascicularis, but considerably weaker. The rear Sundt; a red lectotype label with 'Trichopte­ part of the side edge of pronotum is evenly ryx insularis Miiklin, 1852' on the underside; and comparatively strongly arched. Elytra Lectotype designated X-57. E. Sundt; Foto long in proportion to pronotum. Sundt 5/57: 33. ~: Spermatheca (Fig. 1) is characteristic and The remaining 9 syntypes have been given reminiscent of the organ of silvatica Rossk. a red paralectotype label upon the underside and dispar Matth. of which I have written 'Trichopteryx insula­ ~: Unknown. ris Miiklin, 1852'. Variability: The sculpture of pronotum and the basal arch of the side edge can vary some­ what but, otherwise, the species seems to be relatively constant. REDESCRIPTION Distribution: I have seen specimens from Medium large (0.9 mm), elongated, in front a England, Norway (palearctic region), Califor­ somewhat tapering species with long elytra and nia, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia highly-domed pronotum. Head fine and scat­ (nearctic region). tered punctulated, with open, weak microretic- Habitats: In flight, underneath old hay, in

0,1 -/.... Fig. 1. Spermatheca of Acrotrichis insufaris. ACROTRICHIS INSULARIS 77 forest refuse underneath cadaver of moose and Moscow (Dr. A. Zhelochovtsev), Dr. H. S. racoon, in compost as well as in rotten fungi. Dybas, Chicago, Mr. Colin Johnson, Man­ Because of the long elytra and the narrow chester, Dr. Andreas Strand, Oslo, and Mr. A. pronotum, insularis can easily be confused Vik, Sandefjord. with arnoldi Rossk. and silvatica Rossk. Be­ sides with the help of the spermatheca, it can REFERENCES be distinguished from both of these species by CSIKI, E. 1911. Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 32.­ a somewhat considerably larger size; from Berlin. (61 pp.) silvatica, moreover, by the basal arch being JOHNSON, C. 1966. Two species of Acrotriclris new to evenly rounded, never angle-shaped. Britain (Col., Ptiliidae). Entomologist, 152-154. I have seen a large number of specimens MATTHEWS, A. 1872. Triclropterygia Illustrata et both from the palearctic and the nearctic re­ Descripta. London. (188 pp.) gion without finding a 0, and I consider it not MAKLIN, F. W. 1852. In Mannerheim, C. G. von: impossible that insularis, like some other ne­ Zweiter Nachtrag zur Kaferfauna der Nord-Ameri­ kanischen Lander des Russischen Reiches. Bull. Soc. arctic Acrotrichis species, can be parthenoge­ Nat. Moscou XXV, 283-387. netic. MOTSCHULSKY, V. VON 1845. Ober die Ptilien Russ­ In all probability, insularis will prove to lands. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou XVIII, 504-539. have a considerable distribution. MOTSCHULSKY, V. VON 1868. Enumeration des nouvelles especes de Coleopteres rapportes de ses voyages. 6-ieme article. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou XLI, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 170-201. I acknowledge my indebtedness to the follow­ SUNDT, E. 1958a. Contributions to the knowledge of the family Ptiliidae (Col.) I-Ill. Norsk ent. Tidsskr.10, ing institutions and individuals for loan of 173-180. specimens, information and other assistance: SUNDT. E. 1958b. Revision of the Fenno-Scandian Zoological Museum, Helsinki (Dr. M. Mein­ species of the genus Acrotriclris Motsch., 1848. Norsk ander, Dr. P. Kontkanen), Zoological Museum, ent. Tidsskr. 10,241-277.

Received 2 April 1968 Bokann1e1delser

Lindroth, Carl H. 1967. Vha skalbaggar och hur det meningsforskjell, som Horion gjor oppmerk­ man kiinner igen demo 3 deler. Albert Bonniers som pa. og som forhapentlig viI spore til videre ar­ fbrlag AB, Stockholm. (78 + 71 + 74 p.). Pris sv. beid med demo kr. 15.50. Det er et beundringsverdig arbeid som Jigger bak de meget utforlige utbredelsesoppgaver. og for Da denne populrere boka lenge har vrert ut­ oss nordeuropeere er det srerlig gledelig at han solgt, har forlaget na gitt ut en ny, omarbeidd ut- har fatt med bade korrekte og helt ajourforte opp­ gaye. gayer for det som er publisert om de artene som Den svenske billefaunaen omfatter ca. 4100 ar­ ogsa forekommer i de nordiske land. ter mat den nor~ke ca. 3lOO. Av disse har Lind­ Det som ikke minst gjor dette verk sa verdi­ roth valt ut de vanligste og mest ioynefallende, i fullt, er de meget omfattende oppgaver om funn­ alt 1095 arter, og pa grunnlag av de mest karak­ forhold, som ogsa nordiske samlere vil ha stor teristiske kjennetegn satt opp korte og greie be­ nytte ay. stemmdsestabeller. som over familie og slekt forer Andreas Strand fram til artene. 427 av dem er avbildet ved foto­ grafier, delay 12K i farger. Da praktisk talt alle disse artene finnes i Norge, viI ogsa norske amat0rer som viI gi seg i kast med Landin, Bengt-Olof 1967. Insekter I. Fiiltfauna. billene, her fa en utmerket og srerdeles kyndig Natur och Kultur, Stockholm. (394 p. 914 figurer). veiledning ved bestemmelsen av sine dyr. Pris kr. 66.50. Andreas Strand Natur og Kultur i Stockholm har starlet pubJi­ kasjonsserien Fiiltfauna. Serien som har Bengt­ Olof Landin som redaktor viI behandle en lang Horion, A. 1967. Faunistik der mitteleuropaischen rekke evertebrater, og tar sikte pa a avhjelpe be­ Kafer. Band XI. Staphylinidae. 3. Teil: Habroce­ hovet for bestemmelseslitteratur for de hvirvellose rinae bis Aleocharinae (ohne subtribus Athetae). dyr. Landin star ogsa som forfatter av insektbo­ Oberlingen-Bodensee (415 s.). kene som viI omfatte 3 bind. Med dette tredje staphylinidebindet er behand­ Del I av insektene gir forst en kort oversikt Jingen av staphylinidene avsluttet, bortsett fra den over insektenes ytre bygning hvor de karakterer store slekten Atheta og noen mindre, nrerstaende som er nodvendige for bestemmelsene blir gjen­ slekter, som Horion ikke har villet pata seg, men nomgatt. Kapitlet om utviklingen gir en grei over­ som dr. G. Benick og dr. G. A. Lohse viI behandle sikt, og tar ogsa med de forskjellige formerings­ senere. mater. Her nevnes partenogenese som ukjonnet Som Horion gjor oppmerksom pa, inneholder formering. Det er en betegnelse jeg haper vi skal ogsa dette bind en lang rekke endringer sammen­ Hi utryddet etter hvert. Sa lenge det er en eggcelle liknet med Reitters Fauna Germanica av 1909 med som gir opphav til det nye individ, er formerin­ Horions tillegg av 1935 og Horions Kiifer-Ver­ gen kjonnet, om eggcellen er befruktet eller ikke zeichnis av 1951. Ikke minst gjelder det de mange er av underordnet betydning. nye arter. Om berettigelsen av mange av disse er Deretter gis en kort oversikt over insektenes BOKANMELDELSER 79 levevis og klassifisering. Avsnittet om innsamling, tive, med mange klare detaljer. Takket vrere en preparering og oppbevaring er meget verdiful1t i slik behandling har man fatt frem en enhetlig, en bok som denne. Anvisningen om hvor det n13d­ dekorativ stil - noe man el1ers sjelden ser i lrere­ vendige lltstyr kan skaffes, ma ogsa hilses med boklitteraturen. Denne effekt fremheves ytterligere glede. Oversikten over danske og norske insekt­ ved at figurene er trykt pa mot tekstsiden kon­ navn er ikke helt tilfredsstil1ende for de norske trasterende bakgrunnen. Plansjene og de originale navns vedkommende, men sa har vi hel1er ikke fargeplansjene, om enn fa, er av god kvalitet, og hatt noen fortegnelse over norske navn som kan liksom tekstbildene tilfredsstil1er de h13ye krav. vrere til hjelp for utenlandske forfattere. I den systematiske avgrensningen av insektgrup­ St13rsteparten av boken, over 300 av 380 sideI' pen f13lger forfatteren den eldre oppfatningen, er systematikk, og bind I omfatter de f13rste in­ som innebrerer at samtlige av de sakalte urinsek­ sektordener til og med Hemiptera. Den systema­ tene (Apterygota), springhaler, tohaler og protu­ tiske del starter med en bestemmelsestabel1 over reI', er inkludert. Det er imidlertid verdiful1t at insektordnene i Nordell. Ogsa larvene kommer ogsa den moderne systematiske oppfatningen blir med i tabellen, noe sikkert mange viI finne svrert behandlet, ettersom de ovennevnte ordener sikkert nyttig. Tabel1ene for13vrig gar til familier og siek­ ikke tilh13rer de ekte insektene. ter, i til1egg kommer under mange av slektene, I den al1menne delen berettes om insektenes verdifulle opplysninger om artene. Etter hver plassering i systemet og om organenes bygning og orden f13lger en oversikt over den viktigste litte­ funksjon, omfatknde sftledes bade den anatomiske raturen. og den fysiologiske problemstil1ingen. Det blir Boken er rikt illustrert med gode strektegnin­ gitt en introduksjon om insektenes oppf13rsel, sam­ gel', over 900 i tallet. Figurforklaringene er tatt tidig som forplantning, utvikling og metamorfose inn i teksten. For den systematiske del er dette helt blir behandlet. Et srerskilt kapitel er viet tilpas­ tilfredsstil1ende. Nar det gjelder oversiktstegnin­ ninger til milj13et. Kapitlet omfatter en stor del 13ko­ gene over insektenes bygning, hadde det vrert en logisk stoff med mange velvalgte eksempler. fordel med en figurtekst, el1er at forklaringen i Den spesielle delen, insektordnene, innledes teksten kom pa motsatt side av tegningen. Slik med en taksonomisk oversikt. paleontologi og be­ ordningen er, ma en stadig bla fram og tilbake. stemmelsestabell over ordener. Insektordener far Men innvendingene er sma i forhold til alle de en meget fyldig behandling og teksten er rikt il­ positive sideI' ved boken. Vi har i Faltfaunaen fatt lustrert. Ordenene karakteriseres ikke bare morio­ en handbok som vii v<:ere til god hjelp saveI for logisk men ogsa levematen og de egenartede bio­ nybegynnere som viderekomne. Tabel1ene er ut­ logiske trekk skildres ved hjelp av eksempler. En merkete, og boken viI sikkert virke stimulerende stor del av de viktigste familiene er med. pi utforskingen av insektfaunaen. Boken avsluttes med et kapitel over til1empet Ragnhild Sundby entomologi. i hvilket fremforalt skadeinsektene og deres bekjempelse far en nyansert behandling. Srerlig prisverdig er det at al1e avsnitt er ut­ Lindroth, Carl H. 1967. Entomologi. Almqvist & styrt med en fortegnelse over den viktigste littera­ Wiksel1, Stockholm (236 p.). Pris sv. kr. 65,-. turen. En nordisk akademisk lrerebok i entomologi er Boken mangler endel tradisjonelle kapitler, zoo­ en velkommen begivenhet. Carl H. Lindroth, pro­ geografi, 13kologi, m. m. som imidlertid ikke be­ fessor i entomologi ved Lunds Universitet, har h13ver oppfattes som feil. Ved de fleste nordiske skrevet boken f13rst og fremst til bruk for under­ universiteter og faghoyskoler, med biologi som visning ved universitetet og fagh13yskoler. Innhol­ undervisningsemne, meddeles undervisning i disse det er sa omfattende at den ikke bare dekker de fag. Dessuten har forfatteren tatt inn en betydelig lavere grunnkursene men ogsa et h13yere akade­ del 13kologiske fakta i bokens 13vrige avsnitt. Pa misk kurs (tilsvarende «tre betyg» ved Universite­ denne mate har de enkelte problemstil1inger fatt tet i Lund). en mere mangesidig og avrundet behandling. Teks­ Verket er rikt il1ustrert. Alle tekstfigurene er ten er meget lettlest og klar. Forfatterens store tegnet, resp. omtegnet av fru Astrid Ulfstrand og pedagogiske erfaring har kommet vel med. er av meget god standard. Tegningene er instruk- Skulle man al1ikevel komme med noen 13nske- 80 BOKANMELDELSER mal. sa gjclder det fNst og fremst en del detaljer. tanke pa kjemisk bekjempning, som jo tross alt De sosiale insektene behandles hovedsaklig i ka­ er og forblir brukt i det minste en viss tid frem­ pitlet etologi. En sadan behandling gir visserlig over. De anvendte giftene virker jo til en viss grad en tilstrekkelig oppfatning av kontaktsystem indi­ selektivt, avhengig av artenes ulike motstandskraft, vidcne imcllom, orienteringsmulighetene i miljoet spredning, giftstoffets fordeling m.m. Effekten pa m.m., men meget mangler. Med tanke pa den store dyresamfundet (enten pa balansert naturlig, eller betydning, bade den teoretiske og praktiske, som en endret sadan i agrarlandskapet gjor den samme), disse insekter har, villc en fyldigere behandling av kan ikke uten videre forutsies. Folgen har ofte ternact va:rt onskelig, enten i form av et eget ka­ blitt at man har oppnadd en motsatt effekt i for­ pitel eller inntatt i en annen avdeling. hold til den onskede. Avsllittet «tillempet entomologi» har fatt en En innforing i denne problematikk hadde va:rt gjengs utforming med oversikt over skadeinsekter verdifull. Et par sideI' ekstra tekst hadde va:rt nok. og bekjempningsmetoder. Avsnittet har sin store Med denne bok har vi fatt et verk av meget hoY verdi i den mangcsidige behandlingen av bekjemp­ kvalitet som kan likestilles med de beste som fins ningsmetodene og i de kritiske synspunktene mot pa omradet. Den er uunnva:rlig ved den akade­ kjemisk bekjempning som fremlegges. Hva man miske undervisningen og passeI' godt til a brukes ytterligere skulle ha onsket seg er at bekjemp­ som handbok av gymnasiela:rere, praktiske zoo­ ningsproblematikken ville ha va:rt lagt opp pa loger, m. fl. interesserte. populasjonsokologisk basis. Dette fremforaIt med Hails Kauri NUs Knaben 70 ar

Det vii nok forbause mange at f0rstekonser­ egen og sin brors sirlig preparerte samlinger, vator, cand. real. Nils Knaben fyller 70 ar 24. i museets lepidoptersamling, ble denne ikke juli 1968. Fa har alderen r0ynet mindre pa og bare mangedoblet men representativ for srerlig f0rst na - nar han faller for aldersgrensen den s0rnorske makro-Iepidopterfauna. Gr0n­ - blir vi minnet om at ogsa han ma ha blitt liens og Knabens materiale av bladminerende eldre med arene. insekter er vel den mest representative norske Nils Knaben er f0dt i Vanse pa Lista. Han samling av denne gruppen. Innen han forlot tok artium pa Voss Off. Landsgymnas 1921, Bergen rakk han enn videre a bestemme min­ gjennemgikk Pedagogisk seminar 1927 og full­ dre samlinger av bl. a. Heteroptera, Orthoptera, f0rte matematisk-naturvitenskapelig embetsek­ aculeate Hymenoptera hvilket vitner om hvil­ samen 1930. Han deltok i Norges Svalbard- og ken all round systematiker han er. Hans ento­ Ishavsunders0kelser somrene 1929-30 og var mologiske virksomhet i Bergen forberedte vitenskapelig assistent ved Universitetet i Oslo, utvilsomt opprettelsen av museets entomo­ Zoologisk Laboratorium fra 1930 inntil han i logiske avdeling i 1949. 1933 ble ansatt som konservator ved Bergens Det var sorg blant entomologene da Knaben Museum, evertebratsamlingen ved Zoologisk gikk over til marin zoologi, men det viser avdeling. I 1938 gikk han over i amanuensis­ hvilken allsidig zoolog han er. Ogsa her har stillingen ved C. Sundts lrerestol i zoologi han f0rst og fremst satt sine krefter inn i ar­ samme sted og siden 1946 har han vrert kon­ beidet med de vitenskapelige samlingene og servator, fra 1955 f0rstekonservator ved Uni­ for 0vrig vendte han tilbake til studiet av sekk­ versitetet i Oslo, den marine vertebratavdelin­ dyrene, Tunicata som han hadde syslet litt gen pa Zoologisk Museum. med i tredvearene. Fra 1955 til dags dato har han vrert sensor Knabens produksjon gjenspeiler ogsa hans i zoologi ved Norges Landbruksh0yskole og allsidighet. De fleste arbeider er systematisk­ 1956-66 har han arvisst vrert pa Biologisk faunistiske og behandler diverse lepidoptere stasjon i Dr0bak og holdt kurs i bunnfaunaen foruten en oversikt over Norges Orthoptera. for zoologistudenter. Han er korresponderende Hans publikasjoner over biologiske og cytolo­ medlem av Troms0 Museum. giske unders0kelser av bladmineren Tischeria Gymnasietiden pa Voss hvor entomologen, angusticolella (Duponchel), embryologien hos lektor Nils Gr0nlien virket, ma ha vrert inspi­ visse sekkdyr og deres utvikling ved varierende rerende ar for savel lrerer som elev, og srerlig saltholdighet og temperaturer, viser hvor godt ble begges interesse for lepidopterne til gjen­ han behersker de ulike disipliner av zoologien sidig nytte og glede helt inntil Gr0nlien d0de og er like fortrolig med felt- og laboratorie­ i 1939. Pa den tid var Knaben amanuensis i unders0kelser som det museale arbeide. Hans Bergen; men da hans sjef, professor dr. A. populariserende evner kommer srerlig til syne Brinkmann, oppfordret ham til a overta denne i bidragene til Norges Dyreliv. stillingen for a dra nytte av hans pedagogiske Knaben har aldri sviktet sin klokkerkjrerlig­ evner i undervisningen, hadde Knaben forbe­ het til entomologien. Selv om han gar stille i holdt seg a bruke all disponibel tid til de ento­ d0rene har han helt fra han i 1922 kom med mologiske samlingene. Takket vrere hans ini­ i Norsk Entomologisk Forening vrert medlem­ tiativ kom derfor bI. a. Gr0nliens samlinger til menes gode st0tte og ridgiver. Hans viktigste Universitetet i Bergen (davrerende Bergens tillitsverv er vel som redakt0r av Norsk Ento­ Museum). Ved a inkorporere dem, samt sin mologisk Tidsskrift 1957-1965. Sikkert et byr-

6-Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 82 PERSONALIA defullt verv for denne vennes

N orsk Entomologisk Tidsskrift publishes papers TABLES in English, French, German and Norwegian. When Tables are to be numbered consecutively with preparing typescripts for submission, authors Roman numerals. Each Table should be typed on should refer to current copies of the journal and a separate sheet, with a descriptive heading ,that follow the style of the journal as closely as makes the Table self.explanatory. The approximate possible. position of all Figures and Tables in the printed text should be indicated by writing their number MANUSCRIPTS in the margin. Manuscripts must be typewritten, double spaced REFERENCES throughout, on one side of the paper, with a wide The Reference list, including all authors referred margin. Authors should submit the original manu­ to, should be in alphabetical order. The interna­ script (not a copy) to the editor, whose address is tional alphabetical order of Scandinavian and shown on page 2 of the cover. German vowels should be observed: A = A, Separate sheets should be used for the following: AA = AA, lE and A = AE, 0 and 0 = OE, I) title page, giving the title, name and institution tr = UE. References to literature in the text of the author; 2) the abstract, usually not should appear as follows: 'Von Porath (1891) col­ exceeding 150 words; 3) references; 4) Tables; lected ... , according to Locket & Millidge (1951).' 5) legends to Figures; 6) in the case of articles Multiple references: 'As several authors have submitted in Norwegian, a summary and trans­ reported (Palmgren 1963, Smetana 1965, Strand lation of Table headings and Figure legends in 1966)', i.e. chronological order, no commas between English, French or German. name and year. Indicate 1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc. works Brief Acknowledgements of grants and other by the same author in the same year by a, b, c, assistance will be printed at the end of the text. etc., (Israelson 1966 a, b). No ditto signs should be used. Titles of journals should be abbreviated FIGURES according to World List of Scientific Periodicals. All illustrations are to be considered as Figures. Examples: Each graph, draWing or photograph should be L0KEN, A. 1964. Social wasps in Norway (Hymenop­ numbered in sequence with arabic numerals, and tera, Vespidae). Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 12, 195-218. should be indentified on the back by the name SCHWARTS, R. J. 1955. The Complete Dictionary of of the journal, the author's name, and the Figure Abbreviations. T. Y. Crowell Co., New York. number. The top should be indicated. The Figures WHITMAN, L. 1951. The arthropod vectors of yellow should be the original drawings. The columns fever, pp. 229-298 in STRODE, K. (ed.), Yellow Fever. of Norsk Entomologisk Tidsskrift are 67 mm broad, McGraw-Hill, New York and London. and the size of the original drawings should be PROOFS in proportion. Original drawings should preferably Two copies of the first proof will be sent (page be 2-3 times larger than the planned illustrations. proof). One copy should be returned duly cor­ The lines on the original drawings should allow rected with the least possible delay. All technical for reduction to a thickness of approximately parts of the article, including references, names, 0.3 mm. Lettering should be in black and large figures (numbers, formulae), illustrations and so enough for reduction, considering that lettering on, are the responsibility of the author. Authors and numerals should not be less than 2 mm high will be required to pay for any major alterations in the printed illustrations. Graphs should be they may make. plotted on plain white or blue squared paper; grid lines that are to show in the engravings REPRINTS should be inked in black. Photographs should be Seventy-five reprints of each article will be sup­ submitted as unmounted glossy enlargements plied free. Additional reprints will be supplied at showing good details. a charge. NORSK ENTOMOLOGISK FORENING ser sin hovedoppgave i a fremme det entomologiske studium i Norge, og danne et bindeledd mellom de intereserte. S0knad om opptagelse i foreningen sendes formannen. Medlemskon­ tingenten er for tiden kr. 20.- pr. ar. Medlemll1er far tidsskriftet fritt tilsent.

STYRET

Formallll .. Profcssor, dr. HANS KAURI, Zoologisk muscum, Univcrsiletct i Bergen, Bergcn. Visl!ji:JrmoJlII: I

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