DOCSLIB.ORG

Eichmann Unit Linked Take to Death Commandos Half JERUSALEM

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Eichmann Unit Linked Take to Death Commandos Half JERUSALEM A-4 THE EVENING STAR Washington, D. C., Friday, May .5, 1961 11Fi Eichmann Unit Linked Take To Death Commandos Half JERUSALEM. May 5 CAP) .The terror of the "Einsatz- , NEW OR. gruppen," the Nazi death commandos who rounded up the United S Jews during World War II for bloody massacres, was 12 half-sti. resurrected today by prosecution witnesses in the trial of!lieved to be Adolf Eichmann. fated Cubi- Attorney General Gideon Hausner told the court he had security wr evidence that "Eichmanns de- , partment was in the very cen- :aged to reach the end of the Delirious 1 12 yesterde ter of this plan." road." I trip across An official report on the , Mr. Aviel said he joined his i Einsatzgruppen activities in the brother on the grave-digging ! . n a 25 -f oc Baltic, made b y Eichmanns detail and succeeded in return- They wen "old friend" Franz Walter i ay nigh t ASED BY .i.. ing to the ghetto. A few days DECLASS IF I ED AND RELE Stahlbeeker, was introduced by . later the two fled to the woods ! tanker SS NTELL I BENCE AB ERCY Mr. Hausner as evidence on the i where they met their father. about 170 i CENTRAL I death commandos. I MthiessiriscosiPmPpi a. THODS EXEMPT I ON3B2E He said the report spoke of ;. His father and brother were SOURCES ME later killed as partisans, Mid killing more than 100.000 Jews I Officially N AZ I WAR C R IMES DI SCLO SURE AM ' Avid said. as if iteaking were "sp of the gees from Zeazar Kashat testified on ZOO 3 2006 canning of sardines or of were DATE atrocities in Latvia, where vivors herring." States Pub Stahlecker was in charge. He Testimony on an Einsatz- hospital w) said 5.000 Jews were shot the , gruppen operation in Poland New Orlear came from Abraham Aviel, who day after the Germans occu- Mississippi said he was a boy of 14 when pied Riga, the Latvian capital. the Germans occupied his vil- Mr. Kashat said a woman who Guard boa lage near Radom, Poland. had survived an Ensatzgruppen Police p massacre told him "those who a group of Death March Starts were lucky got a bullet and eluding a f "In April, 1942, the Germans those who were not lucky fell away from closed off the ghetto," Mr. Aviel into the pit and most of them tor said if said. "About 100 Jews were suffocated. " caution given spades and were marched Mr. Kashat said that "We ha off to the west. My father was vans collaborated with the I municablt in that group. After about half Yermans in the massacres. may h an hour we heard automatic One of them, _herbert' smallpo) Iha weapons fired. zilnktis, is living in Arger=Cal that ma "We knew what was in store today," he declared. "I saw for us, but there was nothing him kill women and children A.Coast Gree we could do. Then a second myseLf. 01 course, today he some Pc group was marched off. This,claims, as many do, that he 19, two included my brother. I tried He the Jews" successf to join him. The Germans would ganizeHe said an the underground Jews tried butto or- a at Bah, not let me. Hours went by. I south ct - German search of the Riga tried to hide my family in the ghetto in 1943 One produced Nveap- attic. before ons and a list of partisan fight- spotted "Suddenly, there was again ers. who were than executed. some terrible noise. German . Mr. Kashat told the court man. shortly a troops arrived on motorcycles, that out of 100.000 Jews in all aboard th One German blocked the en- of Latvia, only 800 survived. trance of our house. Another There was a gasp when he A docto searched the rooms." People spoke the figure. was runn, that the driven out were beaten with Additional evidence sub- ing to foc rubber truncheons." mitted by Mr. Hausner told of Eventually, Mr. Aviel said, the a meeting in may of 1941 when One of Coast Or Germans discovered his family Nazi security police chief Rein- and they all were marched out hard Heydrich instructed the and ate to join about 1,000 other Jews Einsatzgruppen commanders. the 15-da who were led away to a grave- Mr. Hausner also introduced yard. testimony given at the Nuern- "When we got there, we were berg trial by Walter Noske, an told to kneel, heads down, official in Heydrichs office, Subv "I was small so I could raise whose job was to co-ordinate my head without being discov- the Einsatzgruppen reports. Trap ered. In front of me there was Noske was quoted as testi- a large trench, about 30 yards fying that "Eichmanns group NEW 5 long. People were made to un- was in the very core of this A manh( dress on the edge of the trench. plan." trical fin Then there was a machinegun Eichmann made frequent stranded burst. One girl refused to un- notes as Mr. Hausner quoted dress. They hit her and then from Noskes testimony. The rush-hou she was shot, too." defense counsel, Dr. Robert BMT sub Flees From Graves Servatius, rose and said he The tr would "like very much to hear 4:45 p.m "I saw a group of Jews dig- this witness." ging graves. My brother was era head among them. I saw him. At The prosecutor said accord- ing to information he had, tempo:a that moment I thought, One later, tr must survive so he can tell Noske was sentenced to life in what happened. prison for war crimes after the utes it "I jumped forward. I man- war but that his term was com- service muted and that he was freed In 1951. around I Both Dr. Servatius and Mr. Guard; Assault Listed Hausner then said they would sengers As Family Row try to 1 tunne FAe #144, Latviefis iekaro D -Amerikas aerosportu CIEMOS PIE PAVSTAM LATVIEtU LIDOTAJA HERBERTA CUKURA Izmantojot gaffijumu, kari cela tais auto ar lielu atrumu traue pa uz Ziemejarneriku kugis 24 stun- Rio Sanpaulo autoceju uz aero - das uzkavejas Riodeianeiro, ap- dromu. Pretim ,angariem U7 skrej- mekFeju miasu lidotaju Herbertu cela sarindotas Vairakas Cukuru, kas Brazilijas galvaspil- nas. Tie ir Herberta Cukura la6- seta uzturas jau septito gadu. Iz- vptie lidaparfiti. Dai lidaparat kapjot Brazilijas krasta, Cukurs novietoti angaros, kur "atrodas an savu dzivi iesa.ka varda tiega mechaniskas darbnizas un lidma- zime no kailas ielas. ginu bilvetava. geit darbus vada 1,Tisi emigrant, kas ieceio Bra- Cukura vecakais dels. Citas zilija, -vispirms noklUst uz Rim darbnicas atrodas cita pilsetas ra- das 'Flares kas jonfi, kuras laikatrfiikuma del ne- viena no datidzajam aalinain izdevis apskatit. .Daii -jaunakie lantijas okeana, Riodeittneiro sporta model! jau paidoti. Pedeja vuma. Tur "nonak an Herbert laika CukUrs büvét ail spe- Cukurs ar gimeni — kundzi,,di;- cilia tips lidmaginis ,fazendu va- viem deliem, meitu un veca . ma- jadzibam- ar lielu fitrtunu un vieg- tL Uz emigrantu salas formalita, lam nosegEuifts spEjarn. tes velkas loti gausi, Brazilijas ie- Seiariiies kada jaunaka tipa redni strada leni un nesteidzas. aparata un izrintcojam vairakus Jo nezina celus un nay pietieka- lokus virs pilsetas. Ma gina ir 4 mas izmanas, uz salas janodivo vietiga un jiltamies apmeram kä me. neg iern ilgi 1(5 giistekniem. Bet auto sedekjos. Ta ir Cukura „gi- Cukuram tas par garlaicigu. menes makina" ar kuru tas para- kadu dienu pasaka ieredniem, ka sti izbrauc Vikendos dalus simtu vinu gaida steidzams darbs, un ,kilometru Brazilijas iek giene. „gi tülin-visu lielo timern ar laivu zeme ir par plau auto satiksmei izcel krastä. un tas skrej pärak lbni," saka Augstas palmas ar savu traci- Cukurs uri piemetina: „18. no- go lapu galotni met skepu Enu vembri braUksim nosvinat kop5 pie savam saknêm, jo saule staV ar Sanpaulo latvidiem." virs galvas un visus gurdina lidz navel. Cukura gimene no- H. CUKURA DZWES VIETA lemj nakti pavadit zem palmam. Pbc isas atpiltas aerokluba bu- Bet tad tos pekgni parsteidz tro- fete, dodamies uz Herberta Cuku- pu lietus. Tas ir tik strauja un ra dzivesvietu. Braucam kada sta- spécigs, ka liekas, vala parautas y kalna. Jaunais Buiks nemaz visas debess slaias. No adens nejat kalna stavumu un, parvarot gfizem seki, lidz adai izmerceti visasakos likumus un pagriezie- bëgJi paslepjas uz tuvakas nama nus, apstájas skaistas, divstavu terases. Driz iznak bardains saim- majas prielega, kuru ap'alc pal- niek.s un kaut ko saka galigi mas b. c. dailumkoki, kas paglaik saprotama svegd valocla. Bet vina visi spilgtos ziedos. No terases, seja nay' dusmu pazimes, un viva kur pie atspirdzinajuma glazes ar roku rada uz ieejas pusi, Pir- vadärn laiku, atklAjas skaists nakts . patstavigaja . dzivb ir skats uz leja izbilvAtban bagatnie- nodroSthata. ku savrupriajEtm uri,därziem. Pie Nakogaja ritä starp divaini stA- paga terases loga o stAvas krau- viem kalniem, kur okeana Odeni jas gäias lejA kalna strauts. Cu- izplüst lêzend ezerà, kads virs no - kurs ieminas, ka tas vinam atga- salasitiem déju gabaliem dinot lauku rAzirnavu...rialkopu. Vi- kiem taisa plOstu. pam ViSlabAk. tlk".itiZkavbties plosta jau parades delu biida. Tb terase, -kur gar sienion novietotas- ir Cukura gimenes jaunä mAjvie- daudzas relikyijas4to tillajiem pa- ta. „Dzivoklis" nu in nodrainfits, saules aplidojumiem Latvijas bet kur rast darbu un lidzeklus? brivvalsts Ideja driz roka. Riodeianeiro ga- Vakara . esarn vietejlis maza,s das dai izpalIdzigi tatitiegi,.kas latviegu kcilonijas viesi. Lifts pa- aizdod drusku naudas. Liels ne- cel mils kada cipbesskräpja 12. kas nay, bet lietpratigi rikojoties stàvä. Cukurarn Paradoties, sa- 1 ar to pieta:, .lai -pagatavotu ; pir- tonorttestris partrauc savu uzesu Imo laivu: un mums par lielu Parsteigumu atskan latyju .lautas dziesinu PIRMIEPANARUNI mars! 1zr1däs,kaesam ieradu- NO pitsgada Z;Ctzkitratu.' J41.1.1.11.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Volume 66: Number 2, 2020: Summary
    International Affairs: Volume 66: Number 2, 2020: Summary. Sergey Lavrov Turns 70. International Affairs Editorial Board and Staff Members. Dear Sergey Viktorovich, Staff members of the International Affairs journal are sending their sincere, heartfelt wishes on your birthday. We are genuinely proud of the fact that for many years (far from the easiest ones in the history of Russia and humankind), the International Affairs Board has been headed by a Russian politician and statesman such as you. Your diplomatic talent, reinforced by your professionalism, will to victory and sometimes unconventional decisions, give confidence that Russia will pass through this zone of turbulence, the times of arbitrary rules, not international laws, and the sanctions chaos in international relations and will emerge as a model of stability and a sought-after world arbiter. We are grateful that, despite your superhuman schedule of meetings and trips, addressing priority international issues in real time and sometimes actually saving the world, you find an opportunity to get your articles published in our journal and become involved in our projects. This is very important to us. We hope that this will continue to be the case in the future. We wish you good health, well-being and many more years at the service of our Motherland. To Provide Strategic Stability and Form a Just World Order. Vladimir Putin, President of the Russian Federation. DEAR FRIENDS, Let me extend my heartfelt wishes on your professional holiday, Diplomats’ Day. Russian diplomats have always resolutely and consistently defended the interests of our Fatherland. While continuing the glorious traditions of our predecessors, you carry out your duty with honor and deal with challenging and responsible foreign policy tasks.
    [Show full text]
  • The Latvian Jewish Courier, Vol. 34, No. 2
    “I BELIEVE IN THE SUN EVEN WHEN IT IS NOT SHINING” A SAFE AND RESTOraTIVE ROSH HASHANAH TO ALL OUR MEMBERS! July/August 2020 | Tammuz/Av, 5780 JEWISH SURVIVORS OF LATVIA, INC. Volume 34, No. 2 THE DAY OF REMEMBRANCE FOR THE VICTIMS OF THE HOLOCAUST IN LATVIA At the monument to the burnt Gogolshul synagogue on July 4, 2020 This year, due to the Coronavirus quarantine, the Council the site of the Gogolshul synagogue, burned in 1941. of Jewish Communities of Latvia could not organize their Together with the Jewish community and several Riga usual rally that day, but instead gathered at the monument of residents, the President of Latvia Egils Levits, the Chairman of former Gogolshul in Riga to commemorate the Jewish victims the Saeima Inara Murniece, Prime Minister Krishjanis Karinsh, of genocide in Latvia. We always remember that on this day, Minister of Foreign Affairs Edgars Rinkevichs, and other Latvian seventy-nine years ago, the Nazis ordered all the synagogues officials and representatives of the diplomatic corps took part in in Riga to be burned. Jews were locked and burned alive in the the ceremony. most notorious of them: The Great Choral synagogue on Gogol Participants of the memorial event also laid flowers at the Street. We will never forget this terrible crime. monument to the Saviors of the Jews. After the ceremony, On the eve of the Day of Remembrance of the victims of the the President of Latvia Egils Levits talked with the leaders of Jewish Genocide in Latvia on July 3rd, the leaders of the Council the Jewish community of Latvia—Arkady Suharenko, Dmitry of Jewish Communities of Latvia laid flowers at the memorial on Krupnikov, Benjamin Kajem, and David Kagan.
    [Show full text]
  • English French German Italian Russian Spanish
    OSCE Quarterly Selections 3/2014 August – November 2014 The six following groups have been designed with view to help readers to navigate among the “official document” collections available on the web. These selections cover in general a period of four months. Each group is chronologically organized and provides links to individual documents as well as their language variations (when available): I. OSCE PERIODICALS AND PUBLICATIONS II. DECISIONS, CONSENSUS DOCUMENTS AND JOURNALS OF THE DAY yielded by regular OSCE negotiating and decision making bodies (e.g. document groups for individual plenary meetings of the Permanent Council and the Forum for Security Co-operation and their joint meetings). III. SELECTED STATEMENTS, INTERVENTIONS, REGULAR REPORTS AND CONTRIBUTIONS made by the OSCE Chairperson-in- Office and High Officials representing OSCE structures, institutions and field activities. Statements and speeches by representatives of OSCE participating States delivered at regular negotiating and decision-making bodies can be found on the OSCE public web under the document group created for each PC and FSC session. IV. CONSOLIDATED SUMMARIES – (non-consensus) REPORTS AND AGENDAS released by/at OSCE meetings, events, conferences, seminars and workshops. V. ELECTION OBSERVATION REPORTS prepared by various types of election missions, as well as statements or invitations concerning elections in participating States. VI. SELECTED INTEREST AND REFERENCE DOCUMENTS. This section includes various items relating to events or activities within the
    [Show full text]
  • Autodefensa Judía En Uruguay, 1960-19871
    CLAVES. REVISTA DE HISTORIA, VOL. 6, N° 11 MONTEVIDEO, JULIO - DICIEMBRE 2020 (PP. 319 -349) - ISSN 2393-6584 «Hay que formar unidades de autodefensa como respuesta efectiva a los hooligans antisemitas»: autodefensa judía en Uruguay, 1960-19871 “Self-Defense Units Should Be Formed as an Effective Response to Anti-Semitic Hooligans”: Jewish Self-Defense in Uruguay, 1960-1987 Raanan Rein Universidad de Tel Aviv (Israel) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0249-6084 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25032/crh.v6i11.12 Recibido: 28/8/2020 Aceptado: 2/10/2020 Resumen. La captura del criminal de guerra nazi Adolf Eichmann en Buenos Aires en mayo de 1960 por parte de agentes del Mossad israelí desencadenó una ola de antisemitismo violento en Argentina y Uruguay, que a su vez provocó la consolidación de un marco de autodefensa judía que se conoció en Argentina con el vocablo hebreo Irgún (organización) y en Uruguay como Bitajón (seguridad), Misgueret (marco), o simplemente en vernáculo, La Orga. Numerosos jóvenes decidieron contrarrestar el fenómeno con métodos igualmente agresivos, defendiendo a las instituciones comunitarias y castigando a los hooligans antisemitas, mostrándoles que los judíos no serían ya víctimas pasivas. Este artículo analiza tres momentos en el desarrollo de la autodefensa judía en Uruguay: el secuestro de Eichmann y sus repercusiones; la ejecución del criminal de guerra letón Herberts Cukurs en Uruguay en 1965 por parte de agentes del Mossad, y el añadido de blancos árabes a sus operaciones, especialmente en los años posteriores a la guerra de 1967 en Medio Oriente. La historiografía existente hasta ahora se ha mantenido apartada del tema y por lo tanto, este artículo intenta llenar el vacío en cuanto a la historia de la autodefensa judía, enfatizando las características peculiares de la organización en Uruguay y resaltando la influencia del 1 Muchas personas me ayudaron a conseguir material relevante para esta investigación.
    [Show full text]
  • Key Findings Many European Union Governments Are Rehabilitating World War II Collaborators and War Criminals While Minimisin
    This first-ever report rating individual European Union countries on how they face up their Holocaust pasts was published on January 25, 2019 to coincide with UN Holocaust Remembrance Day. Researchers from Yale and Grinnell Colleges travelled throughout Europe to conduct the research. Representatives from the European Union of Progressive Judaism (EUPJ) have endorsed their work. Key Findings ● Many European Union governments are rehabilitating World War II collaborators and war criminals while minimising their own guilt in the attempted extermination of Jews. ● Revisionism is worst in new Central European members - Poland, Hungary, Croatia and Lithuania. ● But not all Central Europeans are moving in the wrong direction: two exemplary countries living up to their tragic histories are the Czech Republic and Romania. The Romanian model of appointing an independent commission to study the Holocaust should be duplicated. ● West European countries are not free from infection - Italy, in particular, needs to improve. ● In the west, Austria has made a remarkable turn-around while France stands out for its progress in accepting responsibility for the Vichy collaborationist government. ● Instead of protesting revisionist excesses, Israel supports many of the nationalist and revisionist governments. By William Echikson As the world marks the United Nations Holocaust Remembrance Day on January 27, European governments are rehabilitating World War II collaborators and war criminals while minimising their own guilt in the attempted extermination of Jews. This Holocaust Remembrance Project finds that Hungary, Poland, Croatia, and the Baltics are the worst offenders. Driven by feelings of victimhood and fears of accepting refugees, and often run by nationalist autocratic governments, these countries have received red cards for revisionism.
    [Show full text]
  • Reichskommissariat Ostland from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Reichskommissariat Ostland From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "Ostland" redirects here. For the province of the Empire in Warhammer 40,000, see Ostland (Warhammer). Navigation Reichskommissariat Ostland (RKO) was the civilian occupation regime established by Main page Germany in the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), the north-eastern part of Reichskommissariat Ostland Contents Poland and the west part of the Belarusian SSR during World War II. It was also known Reichskommissariat of Germany Featured content [1] initially as Reichskommissariat Baltenland ("Baltic Land"). The political organization Current events ← → for this territory—after an initial period of military administration before its establishment— 1941–1945 Random article was that of a German civilian administration, nominally under the authority of the Reich Donate to Wikipedia Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories (German: Reichsministerium für die besetzten Ostgebiete) led by Nazi ideologist Alfred Rosenberg, but was in reality Interaction controlled by the Nazi official Hinrich Lohse, its appointed Reichskommissar. Help The main political objective, which the ministry laid out in the framework of National Flag Emblem About Wikipedia Socialist policies for the east established by Adolf Hitler, were the complete annihilation Community portal of the Jewish population and the settlement of ethnic Germans along with the expulsion or Recent changes Germanization of parts of the native population
    [Show full text]
  • Leo Dribins, Armands Gūtmanis, Marģers Vestermanis Latvijas Ebreju Kopiena: Vēsture, Traģēdija, Atdzimšana
    29/5/2014 Latvijas Republikas Ārlietu Ministrija: Latvijas ebreju kopiena: Vēsture, traģēdija, atdzimšana LATVIJAS REPUBLIKAS ĀRLIETU MINISTRIJA Leo Dribins, Armands Gūtmanis, Marģers Vestermanis Latvijas ebreju kopiena: Vēsture, traģēdija, atdzimšana Saturs Latvijas Republikas ārlietu ministra Induļa Bērziņa ievadvārdi Leo Dribins Latvijas ebreju kopienas vēsture Īss hronoloģisks atskats Krustnešu aizliegums Karaļu aizliegumi Piltenes vārti Ebreji ienāk visā Kurzemē un Zemgalē Ebreju bēgļi apmetas Latgalē Judenherberge Izraidīšana 18. gadsimtā Katrīnas II un Ernsta Bīrona labvēlība Latgales kahali Ebrejs un latviešu zemnieks ���Pārveidošanas��� un emancipācijas pretstati Aleksandra II labie gadi Pretspars pogromu politikai Latviešu attieksme Ebreji 1905. gada revolūcijā 1915. gada deportācija http://www.mfa.gov.lv/lv/Ministrija/publikacijas/4430/?print=on 1/41 29/5/2014 Latvijas Republikas Ārlietu Ministrija: Latvijas ebreju kopiena: Vēsture, traģēdija, atdzimšana Bēgļu gaitās Neatkarīgās Latvijas pilsoņi Ebreji Latvijas Brīvības cīņās Latvijas ebreju kopienas demogrāfiskā un socioloģiskā aina Ebreju loma tautsaimniecības atjaunošanā un attīstībā Ebreju politiskās dzīves struktūra Ebreju skolas Ebreji Latvijas kultūras dzīvē Reliģiskā dzīve Antisemītisma uzbrukums Kārļa Ulmaņa autoritārās valdības attieksme pret ebrejiem Zem sirpja un āmura Holokausts Latvijā Lielākā kriminālā nozieguma pirmais posms Geto Rumbula un Šķēde ��� Hitlera griba Vainīgie un līdzvainīgie Otrās padomju okupācijas jūgā Ebreju nacionālās atmodas sākums Latvijā
    [Show full text]
  • Latvia 1988-2015: a Triumph of the Radical Nationalists» Is Dedicated to Latvia’S Most Recent History
    Book 3. Formation of a new historical memory, or the Whitewashing of Nazism in Latvia The Baltic Centre of Historical and Socially Political Studies Victor Gushchin Latvia 1988 - 2015: a triumph of the radical nationalists The victory of the Western countries in the “Cold War” with the Soviet Union, formation of a unipolar world led by the US and revision of arrangements of the USSR, the USA and Great Britain in Yalta and Potsdam in1945 and the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki Declaration) of 1975 – as the main reason of the Evolution of the Republic of Latvia of the 4th May1990 starting from cancellation of the universal suffrage to the relapse of totalitarianism: the construction of the so-called “Latvian Latvia”, Russophobia, suppression of the rights of ethnic minorities, restrictions on the freedom of speech and freedom of assembly, revision of the results of the World War II and the Neo- Nazi propaganda. Book 3. Formation of a new historical memory, or the Whitewashing of Nazism in Latvia Riga 2017 UDK 94(474.3) “19/20” Gu 885 The book Latvia 1988-2015: a triumph of the radical nationalists» is dedicated to Latvia’s most recent history. On May 4, 1990, the Supreme Soviet (Supreme Council) of the Latvian SSR adopted the Declaration on the Restoration of Independence of the Latvian Republic without holding a national referendum, thus violating the acting Constitution. Following this up on October 15, 1991, the Supreme Soviet deprived more than a third of its own electorate of the right to automatic citizenship.
    [Show full text]
  • Schutzstaffel from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Schutzstaffel From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "SS" redirects here. For other uses, see SS (disambiguation). Navigation The Schutzstaffel (German pronunciation: [ˈʃʊtsˌʃtafәl] ( listen), translated to Protection Main page Protection Squadron Squadron or defence corps, abbreviated SS—or with stylized "Armanen" sig runes) Contents Schutzstaffel was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP). It Featured content began at the end of 1920 as a small, permanent guard unit known as the "Saal- Current events Schutz" (Hall-Protection)[1] made up of NSDAP volunteers to provide security for Nazi Random article Party meetings in Munich. Later in 1925, Heinrich Himmler joined the unit which had by Donate to Wikipedia then been reformed and renamed the "Schutz-Staffel". Under Himmler's leadership (1929–45), it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the largest and most [2] Interaction powerful organizations in the Third Reich. Built upon the Nazi ideology, the SS under SS insignia (sig runes) Himmler's command was responsible for many of the crimes against humanity during Help World War II (1939–45). The SS, along with the Nazi Party, was declared a criminal About Wikipedia organization by the International Military Tribunal, and banned in Germany after 1945. Community portal Recent changes Contents Contact page 1 Background SS flag 1.1 Special ranks and uniforms Toolbox 1.2 Ideology 1.3 Merger with police forces What links here 1.4 Personal control by Himmler Related changes 2 History Upload file 2.1 Origins Special pages 2.2 Development Permanent link 2.3 Early SS disunity Page information 3 Before 1933 Data item 3.1 1925–28 Cite this page 3.2 1929–31 3.3 1931–33 Print/export 4 After the Nazi seizure of power Adolf Hitler inspects the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler on 4.1 1934–36 Create a book arrival at Klagenfurt in April 1938.
    [Show full text]
  • Cómo Escaparon De Europa Los Criminales De Guerra Nazis
    LOMO: 20 mm PRUEBA dIGITAL VALIdA COMO PRUEBA dE COLOR EXCEPTO TINTAS dIRECTAS, STAMPINGS, ETC. dISEÑO 00/00/0000 diseñador Alemania es ahora mismo una tabula Cuando vieron que la guerra estaba perdida, importantes rasa. Podemos y debemos construir criminales de guerra nazis se escondieron o huyeron EdICIÓN - una Alemania mejor desde sus mismos de Europa, ayudados en muchos casos por el Vaticano, cimientos. Reconocemos la obligación de Alemania de pagar por los crímenes el Gobierno de Franco, el de Perón o el estadounidense. SELLO TEMAS dE hOy de guerra cometidos en su nombre. Eric Frattini sigue la pista a una docena de ellos paso Eric Frattini es autor de veintisiete ensayos, COLECCIÓN Los incontables criminales de guerra traducidos a quince idiomas y publicados en FORMATO 15 X 23mm a paso, por las rutas que siguieron, dejando tras de sí RUSTICA SOLAPAS que llevaron el nazismo al poder y cuarenta y dos países, entre los que destacan Osama bin Laden, la espada de Alá (2001); Mafia una terrible huella de sangre y horror. SERVICIO empezaron la guerra, los criminales S. A. 100 años de Cosa Nostra (2002); Secretos de Buchenwald, Belsen y Majdanek, vaticanos (2003); La Santa Alianza, cinco siglos de espionaje vaticano (2004); ONU, historia de deberían ser castigados con toda CARACTERÍSTICAS severidad. Ninguno de nosotros pide la corrupción (2005); CIA, joyas de familia (2008); Mossad, los verdugos del Kidon (2009), Los cuervos compasión para con el pueblo alemán. IMPRESIÓN CMyK del Vaticano (2012), ¿Murió Hitler en el búnker? 5/0 CMyK + pantONE 1795 C - Sabemos que los alemanes tendremos (2015), El libro negro del Vaticano (2016) o que trabajar para ganarnos Desde Eichmann y Stangl hacia abajo, el noventa por ciento de Manipulando la historia (2017).
    [Show full text]
  • Latvia 2014 International Religious Freedom Report
    LATVIA 2014 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary The constitution provides every person the right to “freedom of thought, conscience and religion” and specifies the separation of church and state. By law eight Christian religious groups receive rights and privileges that other groups do not. The government took steps to minimize societal manifestations of anti- Semitic sentiment and pursued cases of hate speech and vandalism. The Lutheran, Orthodox Christian, and Jewish communities continued to seek restitution of religious properties confiscated during World War II. Reports of societal discrimination based on religious affiliation, belief, or practice primarily centered on acts of anti-Semitism. Theaters across the country staged performances of a musical about the life of Herberts Cukurs, a pioneering aviator who later became a member of the Waffen SS during the Holocaust, events accompanied by non-violent protests and criticism from the foreign minister. The U.S. embassy engaged government officials on the importance of responding to concerns about religious intolerance and discussed with nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and representatives of religious groups the role religious groups can play in promoting tolerance. The embassy sponsored a Holocaust education program for high school students. Section I. Religious Demography The U.S. government estimates the total population is 2.2 million (July 2014 estimate). There are over 30 religious groups present in the country and the Ministry of Justice reports the largest are Roman Catholics (22.7 percent), Lutherans (19.6 percent), and Orthodox Christians (15.3 percent). Smaller Christian groups include Baptists, Pentecostals, and other evangelical Protestant groups. The Central Statistical Bureau estimates that approximately 5,400 persons self-identify as Jews, while the Council of Jewish Communities estimates the Jewish population at between 6,200 and 11,000.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidade Federal Do Paraná Marcos Eduardo
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ MARCOS EDUARDO MEINERZ “O REICH DE MIL ANOS” O IMAGINÁRIO CONSPIRATÓRIO DA SOBREVIVÊNCIA NAZISTA APÓS A SEGUNDA GUERRA MUNDIAL CURITIBA 2018 MARCOS EDUARDO MEINERZ “O REICH DE MIL ANOS” O IMAGINÁRIO CONSPIRATÓRIO DA SOBREVIVÊNCIA NAZISTA APÓS A SEGUNDA GUERRA MUNDIAL Tese apresentada à linha de pesquisa “Intersubjetividade e Pluralidade: Reflexão e Sentimento na História” do Programa de Pós Graduação em História, Setor Ciências Humanas, da Universidade Federal do Paraná como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Doutor em História. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Marion Brephol de Magalhães CURITIBA 2018 Para Carem, minha esposa, e toda minha família. AGRADECIMENTOS A história de uma pesquisa, de uma tese, não se constitui apenas por seu escritor. Nesse longo trajeto de quatro anos, várias pessoas influenciaram diretamente para o desenvolvimento dessa narrativa, assim como a minha profissão de historiador: algumas com indicações de leituras pontuais, outras com orientações e debates acalorados, outras que compartilharam do seu tempo para escutar as minhas incertezas e reclamações sobre a pesquisa em momentos difíceis e que, certamente, deram-me força para seguir essa caminhada. Embora neste momento me esqueça de alguns nomes, gostaria de agradecer particularmente às pessoas que seguem. Especialmente gostaria de agradecer a minha orientadora, Prof. Dra. Marion Dias Brepohl de Magalhães, que me orienta desde 2011 quando ingressei no mestrado em História na Universidade Federal do Paraná. Desde então, auxilia-me com orientações atenciosas e pontuais, com leitura dos meus textos e com valiosos conselhos e sugestões. Agradeço por compartilhar comigo um pouco de seu profissionalismo e sabedoria enquanto historiadora, de sua história de vida e de sua amizade.
    [Show full text]