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Universidade Federal Do Paraná Marcos Eduardo UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ MARCOS EDUARDO MEINERZ “O REICH DE MIL ANOS” O IMAGINÁRIO CONSPIRATÓRIO DA SOBREVIVÊNCIA NAZISTA APÓS A SEGUNDA GUERRA MUNDIAL CURITIBA 2018 MARCOS EDUARDO MEINERZ “O REICH DE MIL ANOS” O IMAGINÁRIO CONSPIRATÓRIO DA SOBREVIVÊNCIA NAZISTA APÓS A SEGUNDA GUERRA MUNDIAL Tese apresentada à linha de pesquisa “Intersubjetividade e Pluralidade: Reflexão e Sentimento na História” do Programa de Pós Graduação em História, Setor Ciências Humanas, da Universidade Federal do Paraná como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Doutor em História. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Marion Brephol de Magalhães CURITIBA 2018 Para Carem, minha esposa, e toda minha família. AGRADECIMENTOS A história de uma pesquisa, de uma tese, não se constitui apenas por seu escritor. Nesse longo trajeto de quatro anos, várias pessoas influenciaram diretamente para o desenvolvimento dessa narrativa, assim como a minha profissão de historiador: algumas com indicações de leituras pontuais, outras com orientações e debates acalorados, outras que compartilharam do seu tempo para escutar as minhas incertezas e reclamações sobre a pesquisa em momentos difíceis e que, certamente, deram-me força para seguir essa caminhada. Embora neste momento me esqueça de alguns nomes, gostaria de agradecer particularmente às pessoas que seguem. Especialmente gostaria de agradecer a minha orientadora, Prof. Dra. Marion Dias Brepohl de Magalhães, que me orienta desde 2011 quando ingressei no mestrado em História na Universidade Federal do Paraná. Desde então, auxilia-me com orientações atenciosas e pontuais, com leitura dos meus textos e com valiosos conselhos e sugestões. Agradeço por compartilhar comigo um pouco de seu profissionalismo e sabedoria enquanto historiadora, de sua história de vida e de sua amizade. Espero que possamos compartilhar muitos outros projetos daqui em diante. Outro agradecimento especial vai para minha companheira de vida, minha noiva, Carem Aline de Oliveira, que compartilha uma história através do tempo comigo há sete anos. Juntos desde o início do meu mestrado, acompanhou-me nos meus momentos difíceis de incertezas e mau humor durante o processo de escrita da dissertação e da tese. Agradeço pelo suporte, paciência, carinho e amor. Fatores fundamentais para que eu chegasse até aqui. Aos professores que compuseram minha banca, Prof. Dr. Rafael Athaides e Prof. Dr. Bruno Leal, pelas suas contribuições no momento de qualificação da tese. Agradeço ao professor Athaides pelo profissionalismo e pela leitura atenta de minha narrativa, ajudando-me com erros pontuais, bem como dando dicas valiosas para lapidá-la. Agradeço ao professor Leal, não só pelas contribuições no momento da qualificação, mas também pelas conversas desde 2014, quando nos conhecemos. Nossas “trocas de figurinhas” foram fundamentais para a elaboração dessa tese, pois até então pensei que estava sozinho pesquisando essa temática. Agradeço também a minha mãe, que mesmo sem entender direito o que eu faço, sente-se sempre orgulhosa de ter um filho professor e que estuda. O seu amor por seus filhos é incondicional. Ao meu ex-orientador de graduação e grande amigo Dr. Marcos Nestor Stein, que sempre me ajudou desde os tempos da graduação, passando pelo mestrado e também no doutorado. Agradeço muito por tudo o que você já fez por mim. Agradeço aos amigos e amigas que fazem parte do meu dia-a-dia: Jonas Koren, Cleriston Santos, Ricardo Jungs, Renato Romero, Adolfo Tydercke, Emerson Gasparotto, Fernando Hartmann, Lucas Drecksler, Edson Stroparo, Dominick Rabbers, Rafael Borchardt, Emerson Chambó, Daniel Nodari, Vania Inocencio, Cintia Mello, Dayane Hessmann, Daniele Gish, Diana Heck, Guilherme Franco de Andrade, Fernando Hasenkamp, Ivonei Balena, William Hubner, Elis Berté, Bruna Gasparotto, Lucas Schaedler, Carol Boufleur; entre outros. À Maria Cristina, secretária do PPGHIS, sempre prestativa e atenciosa. Também a professores da Universidade Federal do Paraná que muito contribuíram em minha formação nesse processo de doutoramento, Roseli Boschilia, Euclides Marchi, Ana Paula Vosne Martins, Marcos Gonçalves, Renata Senna Garrafoni e Karina Belloti, À Capes, pela bolsa de pesquisa recebida. RESUMO Este estudo tem como principal objetivo analisar um vasto conjunto de textos literários e jornalísticos, produzidos desde 1945 até os dias atuais, que enfatizam a sobrevivência de Hitler e a tentativa de reorganização política do nazismo na América Latina ou na Antártica, após a Segunda Guerra Mundial. O fato de muitos nazistas terem escapado da Europa após o conflito e se refugiado no novo continente, como Adolf Eichmann e Josef Mengele, gerou suspeitas e denúncias de que eles estariam conspirando para formar o IV Reich com Hitler, mais uma vez, liderando seus asseclas. Ajudando-os nessa empreitada estariam alguns descendentes e imigrantes alemães do continente que foram acusados de participar dessa conspiração. Esse fato gerou muitos problemas para aqueles que tiveram seu nome relacionado a Hitler. Para compreender essa produção conspiratória, pretende-se verificar como diferentes contextos históricos, a Guerra Fria por exemplo, possibilitaram o seu aparecimento, bem como analisar as suas condições de produção gerais. Do ponto de vista teórico-metodológico, apoiamo-nos nas reflexões sobre o conceito do imaginário político, principalmente nos estudos que enfocam a carga emotiva que envolve a ideia de conspiração. Palavras-chave: Nazismo – IV Reich – Hitler – Imaginário Político. ABSTRACT . The main objective of the present study is to to analyze a vast set of literary and journalistic texts, produced from 1945 until the present day, that emphasize a survival of Hitler and an attempt of political reorganization of the Nazism in Latin America or the Antarctic, after World War II. The fact of many nazis having escaped from Europe after the conflict, taking refuge in the new continent, such Adolf Eichmann and Josef Mengele, has generated suspicions and denunciations that they are conspiring to form the IV Reich with Hitler, once again, leading their followers. Helping them in this endeavor would be some descendants and German immigrants from the continent who are accused of participating in the conspiracy. This fact has generated many problems for those who had their name related to Hitler. To understand this conspiratorial production, we intend to verify how different historical contexts, the Cold War for example, made possible its appearance, as well as to analyze how its generais conditions of production. The theoretical-methodological point of view, we are based on the reflections on the concept of political imaginary, mainly in the studies that focus an emotive load that involves an idea of conspiracy. Keywords: Nazism – IV Reich – Hitler – Political Imaginary. LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES Imagem 01: Suposto esconderijo erguido para abrigar nazistas na Argentina........4 Imagem 02: Fachada externa da residência de Heribert Hans Joaquin Gasa.......22 Imagem 03: Jardim interno com piscina da residência de Heribert Gasa.........23 Imagem 04: Subterrâneo construído em estilo árabe.........23 Imagem 05: A “sala do cabelo”..............23 Imagem 06: Eichmann (de terno preto) sendo julgado no Tribunal de Nuremberg........67 Imagem 07: Klaus Barbie na época da Segunda Guerra Mundial...........70 Imagem 08: o “Anjo da Morte” – Josef Mengele.............72 Imagem 09: Wernher von Braun na capa da revista Times de 17/20/1958.........80 Imagem 10: Alemães resgatados pela Operação Paperclip........81 Imagem 11: O selo da expedição alemã à Antártida entre 1938 – 1939.............82 Imagem 12: Crianças da Juventude Hitlerista fazem a saudação Heil Hitler.........93 Imagem 13: Círculo nazista de Curitiba............94 Imagem 14: Histórias alternativas. Capa da obra de Charnay - “Operation Lucifer”...106 Imagem 15: Normalização do passado nazista: Vinhos com o rosto do Führer.......107 Imagem 16: “Falso Hitler para morrer em Berlim, diz suíço”...........125 Imagem 17: Suposta foto de Eva Braun com os filhos de Hitler...........130 Imagem 18: Primeira capa da Police Gazette afirmando que Hitler estava vivo.......139 Imagem 19: “Estes são os líderes da Internacional Nazista”...........142 Imagem 20: Hitler is Alive. Dezembro de 1951...........143 Imagem 21: Perón está escondendo Hitler?............144 Imagem 22: Hitler com seu corpo “rádio-transmissor”............147 Imagem 23: Capa do livro de Botacini “Nazistas na América”, de 1964......156 Imagem 24: Ficha Consular de Gustav Wagner no Brasil.......159 Imagem 25: “Brasil, uma opção na fuga de nazistas”.......161 Imagem 26: Suposta prova de que Hitler havia fugido da Alemanha........165 Imagem 27: Fotografia russa do cadáver exumado do dublê de Hitler........166 Imagem 28: Suposta residência de Hitler na Patagônia, Argentina.......173 Imagem 29: Suposto fragmento do crânio de Hitler mantido pelos russos.........175 Imagem 30: Documento utilizado por Corsi para provar que Hitler sobreviveu.......176 Imagem 31: Fotografia de 1982 de Adolf Leipzig (Hitler) – 177 Imagem 32: Citações entre teóricos conspiratórios........180 Imagem 33: Protótipos dos disco voadores nazistas do começo dos anos de 1940.... 191 Imagem 34: Evidências dos discos voadores nazista ao redor do mundo......193 Imagem 35: Modelo III: último protótipo alemão conhecido.......193 Imagem 36: “A história real dos Meninos do Brasil”..........218 Imagem 37: O Renascimento da Suástica no Brasil.........218 Imagem 38: Ficha Consular de Eugène Parries no Brasil..........221 Imagem 39: “O estranho
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