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Inferência De Padrões De Distribuição Da Família Veneridae (Mollusca, Bivalvia) No Brasil Através De Base Secundária De Dados

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Inferência De Padrões De Distribuição Da Família Veneridae (Mollusca, Bivalvia) No Brasil Através De Base Secundária De Dados Neotropical Biology and Conservation 10(3):123-131, september-december 2015 Unisinos - doi: 10.4013/nbc.2015.103.02 Inferência de padrões de distribuição da família Veneridae (Mollusca, Bivalvia) no Brasil através de base secundária de dados Distribution patterns inference of the family Veneridae (Mollusca, Bivalvia) in Brazil through secondary database Valesca Paula Rocha1, 2 [email protected] Resumo Veneridae é considerada uma das maiores famílias do Recente, e também uma das mais Helena Matthews-Cascon1 diversas dentro de Bivalvia, distribuindo-se tanto em ambiente marinho quanto estuarino. [email protected] Estudos de cunho biogeográficos são importantes para manejo e conservação da biodi- versidade. O trabalho tem como objetivo inferir os padrões de distribuição latitudinais e longitudinais, reunindo e listando a composição de venerídeos para a costa do Brasil a partir de base secundária de dados. A composição e distribuição geográfica foram de- terminadas a partir de levantamento bibliográfico, bem como acesso a bancos de dados online, e classificadas em padrões de distribuição atuais (latitudinais e longitudinais). Se- gundo dados da literatura, registram-se 40 espécies para a família no Brasil, sendo obser- vada semelhança na malacofauna de Veneridae entre Brasil, Caribe e Golfo do México. As espécies de venerídeos foram classificadas em oito padrões latitudinais e cinco longi- tudinais. O trabalho aponta uma provável distribuição da família e indica a necessidade de aprofundar o conhecimento da malacofauna no país. Palavras-chave: biogeografia, heterodonta, venerídeos, Atlântico Ocidental. Abstract Veneridae is one of the largest families of Recent, also one of the most diverse within Bivalvia, being found in marine and estuarine environments. Biogeographic studies are important for the management and conservation of the biodiversity. This paper aims at inferring the latitudinal and longitudinal distribution patterns, gathering and listing Vene- ridae composition for the Brazilian coast through secondary database. The composition and geographical distribution were determined through literature, as well as access to online databases, and classified as current distribution patterns (latitudinal and longitudi- nal). According to the collected data, there are 40 species of the family recorded in Brazil; there were similarities among Brazil, the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico. The Veneridae species was classified into eight latitudinal and five longitudinal patterns. This work points to a probable family distribution and highlights the need for better understanding of the malacofauna in the country. 1 Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Bio- logia, Laboratório de Invertebrados Marinhos do Ceará Keywords: biogeography, heterodonta, Venus clam, Western Atlantic. (LIMCE). Rua Campus do Pici, s/n, Bloco 909, Bairro Pici, 60440-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. 2 Doutoranda do Programa em Ciências Marinhas Tropicais do Instituto de Ciências do Mar – LABOMAR. Universidade Federal do Ceará. Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165- 081, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0), which permits reproduction, adaptation, and distribution provided the original author and source are credited. Valesca Paula Rocha, Helena Matthews-Cascon Introdução tras regiões do Atlântico Ocidental gênero mais representativo de Veneri- (Golfo do México, Caribe, Uruguai dae, seguido de Tivela, Globivenus e A família Veneridae RAFINESQUE, 1815 e Argentina), foram determinadas a Chione (Figura 1). é composta por bivalves marinhos partir de levantamento bibliográfico De acordo com o levantamento rea- cosmopolitas, típicos de águas rasas, (Abbott, 1954, 1965; Fischer-Piette e lizado nesse trabalho, 40 espécies de infaunais, filtradores, podendo ser Testud, 1967; Matthews e Rios, 1967a; Veneridae estão registradas para o encontrados também em ambientes Matthews e Rios 1967b; Narchi, 1972; Brasil. Golfo do México e Caribe ain- estuarinos. Presente desde o Cretáceo, Fischer-Piette et al., 1970; Matthews e da apresentaram uma maior riqueza além de considerada uma das maiores Rios, 1974; Fischer-Piette, 1975; Fis- de espécies venerídeos: 48 e 54, res- famílias do Rece nte, é também uma cher-Piette e Vukadinovic, 1977; Lin- pectivamente. Por sua vez, Uruguai e das mais ricas em espécies dentro se, 1999; Rios, 1994, 2009; Scarabino, Argentina (até Região Magalhânica) de Bivalvia – incluindo cerca de 300 2003; Turgeon et al., 2009; Huber, possuem uma menor riqueza de es- espécies fósseis. Possui 500 espécies 2010; Miloslavich et al., 2010; Gordil- pécies de venerídeos, sendo 14 e 13, viventes, compreendidas em 12 sub- lo et al., 2011) e de consultas a bancos respectivamente. famílias e 50 gêneros (Canapa et al., de dados online (Rosenberg, 2009; A compilação feita no presente estudo 1996; Denadai et al., 2006; Mikkelsen eBivalvia, 2014; WoRMS, 2014). A aponta uma semelhança da malaco- et al., 2006; Huber, 2010; Cheng et sistemática utilizada, para diminuição fauna de venerídeos entre Brasil, Cari- al., 2011). Para o Brasil, registram-se de erros por presença de sinonímias, be e Golfo do México, sendo que, das 35 espécies, classificadas em 14 gêne- segue as propostas apresentadas no 40 espécies que ocorrem no Brasil, 27 ros e sete subfamílias (Rios, 2009). site WoRMS (2014). também estão presentes no Caribe e/ Moluscos bivalves possuem relevante Após a observação da composição e ou Golfo do México. A região norte importância para o entendimento de distribuição geográficas, as espécies do Brasil, juntamente com Maranhão, padrões biogeográficos no ambien- brasileiras de venerídeos foram clas- Piauí e Rio Grande do Sul, apresenta- te marinho (Crame, 2000). Estudos sificadas em padrões de distribuição ram o menor número de espécies de como o de Stehli et al. (1976) mos- atuais (latitudinais e longitudinais) venerídeos. Os estados do Amapá e do tram gradientes de diversidade dos bi- segundo a proposta feita por Melo Maranhão apresentaram o menor nú- valves covariando com a latitude em (1985), com alterações sugeridas por mero de registros (Figura 2). nível de espécie, gênero e família. Barroso (2014) (Tabela 1). Neste es- As espécies Pitar palmeri FISHER-PIET- Para Veneridae, apesar de sua grande tudo, ainda foram realizadas peque- TE & TESTUD, 1967 e Tivela fulminata diversidade, não são conhecidos tra- nas alterações nas definições de dois (BORY DE SAINT-VINCENT, 1827) apre- balhos de cunho biogeográficos espe- padrões: (i) Padrão Latitudinal Anti- sentaram registros exclusivos para a cíficos para a família. Assim, alguns lhano Contínuo, que Barroso (2014) costa brasileira. Destacam-se também trabalhos trazem apenas um panorama considera “característico de espécies as espécies Leukoma antiqua (KING, biogeográfico parcial, dado que ape- que ocupam de modo contínuo desde 1832), Tawera elliptica (LAMARCK, nas poucos gêneros, dentro de uma a Flórida e Antilhas até o sul do Bra- 1818), Eurhomalea exalbida (DILL- subfamília, são investigados (Roop- sil” – neste trabalho foram considera- WYN, 1817), Eurhomalea lenticularis narine, 1996, 1997, 2001; Roopnarine das “espécies que ocupem de modo (BRODERIP & G.B. SOWERBY I, 1835), et al., 2008). continuo desde a Florida e/ou Anti- Mercenaria mercenaria (LINNAEUS, O trabalho tem como objetivo inferir lhas”; (ii) Padrão Longitudinal Anfia- 1758) e Petricola dactylus G.B. SO- os padrões de distribuição latitudinais tlântico Restrito, que Barroso (2014) WERBY I, 1823, que possuem registro e longitudinais, reunindo e listando a considera “característico de espécies tanto para o Atlântico como para o Pa- composição de venerídeos para a cos- que ocorrem no litoral brasileiro e no cífico Sul. As três primeiras espécies ta do Brasil. Através de base de dados litoral da África Ocidental” – neste possuem registro para o Brasil, sendo secundários, o estudo tem o intuito trabalho foram consideradas “espé- a região Sul do país o limite setentrio- de reunir informações biogeográficas cies que ocorrem no sul do Atlântico nal. primárias que possam contribuir para Ocidental (Brasil e Uruguai) e África A família Veneridae se enquadrou, o entendimento da distribuição da fa- Ocidental” (Tabela 1). em sua maioria, no Padrão Antilhano mília no Brasil. Contínuo (42%), seguido pelo Caro- Resultados liano Contínuo (17%). Os Padrões Material e métodos Argentino e Virginiano Disjunto não Com um total de 84 espécies e 34 gê- foram observados neste estudo. O res- A composição e distribuição geográ- neros para as regiões analisadas (Bra- tante das espécies, em menor número, ficas das espécies de venerídeos que sil, Golfo do México, Caribe, Uruguai foi enquadrado nos demais padrões la- ocorrem no Brasil, bem como de ou- e Argentina) (Tabela 2), Pitar foi o titudinais: Magalhânico (12%), Cen- 124 Volume 10 number 3 september - december 2015 Inferência de padrões de distribuição da família Veneridae (Mollusca, Bivalvia) no Brasil através de base secundária de dados Tabela 1. Tipos de Padrões de Distribuição propostos por Melo (1985) e modificados por Barroso (2014). Foram consideradas as espé- cies que ocorrem na Flórida e/ou Antilhas (*) e no Brasil, sul da América do Sul Ocidental e África Ocidental (**). Table 1. Kinds of Distribution Patterns proposed by Melo (1985) and modified by Barroso (2014). Species that occur in Florida and/or Antilles (*) and in Brazil, South Western South America and West Africa (**) were considered. Classificação Definição PADRÕES
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