Group Selection As Behavioral Adaptation to Systematic Risk
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EXTRA-PAIR MATING and EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZE in the SONG SPARROW (Melospiza Melodia)
EXTRA-PAIR MATING AND EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZE IN THE SONG SPARROW (Melospiza melodia) By Kathleen D. O'Connor B.A., Skidmore College, 2000 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FUFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES THE FACULTY OF FORESTRY Department of Forest Sciences Centre for Applied Conservation Research We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA April 2003 © Kathleen D. O'Connor, 2003 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of Fpce_t Sciences The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada Date 2HApc. 20O5 DE-6 (2/88) Abstract Effective population size is used widely in conservation research and management as an indicator of the genetic state of populations. However, estimates of effective population size for socially monogamous species can vary with the frequency of matings outside of the social pair. I investigated the effect of cryptic extra-pair fertilization on effective population size estimates using four years of demographic and genetic data from a resident population of song sparrows (Melospiza melodia Oberholser 1899) on Mandarte Island, British Columbia, Canada. -
Foraging : an Ecology Model of Consumer Behaviour?
This is a repository copy of Foraging : an ecology model of consumer behaviour?. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/122432/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Wells, VK orcid.org/0000-0003-1253-7297 (2012) Foraging : an ecology model of consumer behaviour? Marketing Theory. pp. 117-136. ISSN 1741-301X https://doi.org/10.1177/1470593112441562 Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Foraging: an ecology model of consumer behavior? Victoria.K.Wells* Durham Business School, UK First Submission June 2010 Revision One December 2010 Revision Two August 2011 Accepted for Publication: September 2011 * Address for correspondence: Dr Victoria Wells (née James), Durham Business School, Durham University, Mill Hill Lane, Durham, DH1 3LB & Queen’s Campus, University Boulevard, Thornaby, Stockton-on-Tees, TS17 6BH, Telephone: +44 (0)191 334 0472, E-mail: [email protected] I would like to thank Tony Ellson for his guidance and Gordon Foxall for his helpful comments during the development and writing of this paper. -
Cultural Group Selection Plays an Essential Role in Explaining Human Cooperation: a Sketch of the Evidence
BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2016), Page 1 of 68 doi:10.1017/S0140525X1400106X, e30 Cultural group selection plays an essential role in explaining human cooperation: A sketch of the evidence Peter Richerson Emily K. Newton Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California– Department of Psychology, Dominican University of California, San Rafael, CA Davis, Davis, CA 95616 94901 [email protected] [email protected] http://emilyknewton.weebly.com/ www.des.ucdavis.edu/faculty/richerson/richerson.htm Nicole Naar Ryan Baldini Department of Anthropology, University of California–Davis, Graduate Group in Ecology, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA 95616 Davis, CA 95616 [email protected] https://sites.google.com/site/ryanbaldini/ [email protected] Adrian V. Bell Lesley Newson Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California– [email protected] http://adrianbell.wordpress.com/ Davis, Davis, CA 95616 [email protected] [email protected] Kathryn Demps https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lesley_Newson/ Department of Anthropology, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 [email protected] Cody Ross http://sspa.boisestate.edu/anthropology/faculty-and-staff/kathryn- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501 demps/ [email protected] http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=xSugEskAAAAJ Karl Frost Graduate Group in Ecology, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA 95616 Paul E. Smaldino [email protected] https://sites.google.com/site/karljosephfrost/ Department of Anthropology, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA 95616 [email protected] http://www.smaldino.com/ Vicken Hillis Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California– Timothy M. -
A Group Selection Perspective on Economic Behavior, Institutions and Organizations Jeroen C.J.M
A Group Selection Perspective on Economic Behavior, Institutions and Organizations Jeroen C.J.M. van den Bergh, John M. Gowdy To cite this version: Jeroen C.J.M. van den Bergh, John M. Gowdy. A Group Selection Perspective on Economic Behavior, Institutions and Organizations. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Elsevier, 2009, 72 (1), pp.1. 10.1016/j.jebo.2009.04.017. hal-00695532 HAL Id: hal-00695532 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00695532 Submitted on 9 May 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Accepted Manuscript Title: A Group Selection Perspective on Economic Behavior, Institutions and Organizations Authors: Jeroen C.J.M. van den Bergh, John M. Gowdy PII: S0167-2681(09)00125-5 DOI: doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2009.04.017 Reference: JEBO 2384 To appear in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Received date: 8-4-2008 Revised date: 30-4-2009 Accepted date: 30-4-2009 Please cite this article as: van den Bergh, J.C.J.M., Gowdy, J.M., A Group Selection Perspective on Economic Behavior, Institutions and Organizations, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization (2008), doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2009.04.017 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. -
Mimicry - Ecology - Oxford Bibliographies 12/13/12 7:29 PM
Mimicry - Ecology - Oxford Bibliographies 12/13/12 7:29 PM Mimicry David W. Kikuchi, David W. Pfennig Introduction Among nature’s most exquisite adaptations are examples in which natural selection has favored a species (the mimic) to resemble a second, often unrelated species (the model) because it confuses a third species (the receiver). For example, the individual members of a nontoxic species that happen to resemble a toxic species may dupe any predators by behaving as if they are also dangerous and should therefore be avoided. In this way, adaptive resemblances can evolve via natural selection. When this phenomenon—dubbed “mimicry”—was first outlined by Henry Walter Bates in the middle of the 19th century, its intuitive appeal was so great that Charles Darwin immediately seized upon it as one of the finest examples of evolution by means of natural selection. Even today, mimicry is often used as a prime example in textbooks and in the popular press as a superlative example of natural selection’s efficacy. Moreover, mimicry remains an active area of research, and studies of mimicry have helped illuminate such diverse topics as how novel, complex traits arise; how new species form; and how animals make complex decisions. General Overviews Since Henry Walter Bates first published his theories of mimicry in 1862 (see Bates 1862, cited under Historical Background), there have been periodic reviews of our knowledge in the subject area. Cott 1940 was mainly concerned with animal coloration. Subsequent reviews, such as Edmunds 1974 and Ruxton, et al. 2004, have focused on types of mimicry associated with defense from predators. -
Persistent Misunderstandings of Inclusive Fitness and Kin Selection Park, Justin H
University of Groningen Persistent misunderstandings of inclusive fitness and kin selection Park, Justin H. Published in: Evolutionary Psychology DOI: 10.1177/147470490700500414 IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2007 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Park, J. H. (2007). Persistent misunderstandings of inclusive fitness and kin selection: Their ubiquitous appearance in social psychology textbooks. Evolutionary Psychology, 5(4), 860 - 873. https://doi.org/10.1177/147470490700500414 Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license. More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne- amendment. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. -
Shell Resource Partitioning As a Mechanism of Coexistence in Two Co‑Occurring Terrestrial Hermit Crab Species Sebastian Steibl and Christian Laforsch*
Steibl and Laforsch BMC Ecol (2020) 20:1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12898-019-0268-2 BMC Ecology RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Shell resource partitioning as a mechanism of coexistence in two co-occurring terrestrial hermit crab species Sebastian Steibl and Christian Laforsch* Abstract Background: Coexistence is enabled by ecological diferentiation of the co-occurring species. One possible mecha- nism thereby is resource partitioning, where each species utilizes a distinct subset of the most limited resource. This resource partitioning is difcult to investigate using empirical research in nature, as only few species are primarily limited by solely one resource, rather than a combination of multiple factors. One exception are the shell-dwelling hermit crabs, which are known to be limited under natural conditions and in suitable habitats primarily by the avail- ability of gastropod shells. In the present study, we used two co-occurring terrestrial hermit crab species, Coenobita rugosus and C. perlatus, to investigate how resource partitioning is realized in nature and whether it could be a driver of coexistence. Results: Field sampling of eleven separated hermit crab populations showed that the two co-occurring hermit crab species inhabit the same beach habitat but utilize a distinct subset of the shell resource. Preference experiments and principal component analysis of the shell morphometric data thereby revealed that the observed utilization patterns arise out of diferent intrinsic preferences towards two distinct shell shapes. While C. rugosus displayed a preference towards a short and globose shell morphology, C. perlatus showed preferences towards an elongated shell morphol- ogy with narrow aperture. Conclusion: The two terrestrial hermit crab species occur in the same habitat but have evolved diferent preferences towards distinct subsets of the limiting shell resource. -
Social Relations Chapter 8 Behavioral Ecology
Social Relations Chapter 8 Behavioral Ecology: Study of social relations. Studies interactions between organisms and the environment mediated by behavior 1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Some differences between males and females…besides the obvious!!! • Females produce larger, more energetically costly gametes. • Males produce smaller, less energetically costly gametes. Female reproduction thought to be limited by resource access. Male reproduction limited by mate access. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =NjnFBGW3Fmg&feature=related2 Hermaphrodites • Hermaphrodites Exhibit both male and female function. Most familiar example is plants. So, how do organisms choose their mate??? 3 Mate Choice • Sexual Selection Differences in reproductive rates among individuals as a result of differences in mating success. Intrasexual Selection: Individuals of one sex compete among themselves for mates. Intersexual Selection: Individuals of one sex consistently choose mates among members of opposite sex based on a particular trait. http://www.youtube.co m/watch? v=eYU4v_ZTRII 4 How much is too much??? • Darwin proposed that sexual selection would continue until balanced by other sources of natural selection • Given a choice, female guppies will mate with brightly colored males. However, brightly colored males attract predators. It’s a trade-off! 5 Class Activity!!! • In groups, using guys in a bar looking for dates example, come up with a scenario of sexual selection either going too far or succeeding!!! Be creative!!! 6 Sexual Selection in Plants??? Nonrandom Mating Found Among Wild Radish • Wild radish flowers have both male (stamens) and female (pistils) parts, but cannot self-pollinate. • Marshall found non-random mating in wild radish populations. -
Where Is Behavioural Ecology Going?
Opinion TRENDS in Ecology and Evolution Vol.21 No.7 July 2006 Where is behavioural ecology going? Ian P.F. Owens Division of Biology and NERC Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, UK, SL5 7PY Since the 1990s, behavioural ecologists have largely wove together the theories developed over the preceding abandoned some traditional areas of interest, such as decade and championed a new empirical approach to optimal foraging, but many long-standing challenges investigating behaviour. The key element of this approach remain. Moreover, the core strengths of behavioural was the use of adaptation as the central conceptual ecology, including the use of simple adaptive models to framework, which gave behavioural ecologists a precise investigate complex biological phenomena, have now a priori expectation: behaviours should evolve to maxi- been applied to new puzzles outside behaviour. But this mise the fitness of the individuals showing strategy comes at a cost. Replication across studies is those behaviours. rare and there have been few tests of the underlying Krebs and Davies also stressed the importance of two genetic assumptions of adaptive models. Here, I attempt other principles [27]. The first was the need to quantify to identify the key outstanding questions in behavioural variation in behaviour accurately. Drawing attention to ecology and suggest that researchers must make the new quantitative work that was being performed in greater use of model organisms and evolutionary some areas of ethology [28,29], they showed how this genetics in order to make substantial progress on approach could be applied to a variety of behaviours. -
Model Systems in Behavioral Ecology: Integrating Conceptual, Theoretical, and Empirical Approaches
Model Systems in Behavioral Ecology: Integrating Conceptual, Theoretical, and Empirical Approaches. Edited by Lee Alan Dugatkin Model Systems in Behavioral Ecology: Integrating Conceptual, Theoretical, and Empirical Approaches by Lee Alan Dugatkin Review by: Reviewed by Lawrence M Dill The Quarterly Review of Biology, Vol. 77, No. 3 (September 2002), pp. 361-362 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/345260 . Accessed: 10/12/2012 15:15 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Quarterly Review of Biology. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.168.72.225 on Mon, 10 Dec 2012 15:15:17 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Volume 77, No. 3 THE QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY September 2002 REVIEWS AND BRIEF NOTICES History, Philosophy & Ethics .....................307 Plant Sciences ......................................328 General Biology ....................................312 Animal -
Kin Selection, Group Selection, and the Varieties of Population Structure
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by PhilSci Archive Kin Selection, Group Selection, and the Varieties of Population Structure Jonathan Birch Abstract: Various results show the ‘formal equivalence’ of kin and group selec- tionist methodologies, but this does not preclude there being a real and useful distinction between kin and group selection processes. I distinguish individual- and population-centred approaches to drawing such a distinction, and I proceed to develop the latter. On the account I advance, the differences between kin and group selection are differences of degree in the structural properties of popula- tions. A spatial metaphor (‘K-G space’) provides a useful framework for thinking about these differences: kin and group selection may be conceptualized as large, overlapping regions of K-G space. I then consider some implications of the ac- count, defend it from possible objections, and further argue that the structural features characteristic of both kin and group selection may recur at multiple levels of biological organization. 1 Introduction 2 2 Equivalence Results and Their Limitations 3 2.1 An example of an equivalence result . 3 2.2 Limitations . 6 3 Individual- and Population-Centred Approaches 8 4 Two Influences: Hamilton and Godfrey-Smith 11 5 K and G 14 5.1 K ..................................... 15 5.2 G ..................................... 16 5.3 K-G space . 18 6 The rb , 0 Requirement 20 1 7 Levels of Organization 23 8 The Key Substantive Questions 24 1 Introduction The relationship between kin selection and group (or multi-level) selection is a longstanding source of controversy in the social evolution literature. -
Social Foraging and the Behavioral Ecology of Intragroup Resource Transfers
UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title Social foraging and the behavioral ecology of intragroup resource transfers Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5565r5zn Journal Evolutionary Anthropology, 5(2) ISSN 1060-1538 Author Winterhalder, B Publication Date 1996 DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(1996)5:2<46::AID-EVAN4>3.0.CO;2-U Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California 46 Evolutionary Anthropology Social Foraging and the Behavioral Ecology of Intragrou p Resource Transfers BRUCE WINTERHALDER Two chimpanzees stalk, isolate, and kill a red colobus monkey. An attendant question: is sharing as practiced primatologist notes that parts of the prey are relinquished selectively to onlooking among modem foragers an early or scroungers (Fig. 1). A human forager returns to camp mid-afternoonwith a freshly late development in our prehistory? killed, medium-sized ungulate. Later in the day, an ethnographer observes that The models of behavioral ecology shared portions of the animal have found their way into the cooking pots of most or (boldface indicates a term defined in all of those in the small band. Examining a prehistoric scatter of food residues, an the Glossary) described here empha- ethnoarcheologist wonders when early hominids began to scrounge or share food, size the importance of intragroup re- and with what consequences for our evolution. All of these settings represent one source transfer among social problem: the analysis of intragroup resource transfers among social foragers. New foragers, but give them different and studies in the behavioral ecology of transfers show them to be more commonplace more diverse explanations than those in nature, more complicatedand variable, and more subject to comparativeanalysis just cited.