Shell Resource Partitioning As a Mechanism of Coexistence in Two Co‑Occurring Terrestrial Hermit Crab Species Sebastian Steibl and Christian Laforsch*
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Observations on the Biology of the Hermit Crab, Coenobita Compressus H
Rev. Bio!' Tl'Op.. 20(2). 265-273. 1972 Observations on the biology of the hermit crab, Coenobita compressus H. Milne Edwards (Decapoda; Anomura) on the west coast of the Americas* by Eldon E. BaU" t, (Received for pubJi(ation )uly 5, 1972) AnSTRACT: The 5emi·terre,t¡ial hwnit rompl'eJ!llf, IS one erab, Cut/wbitll of tbe most conspicuous supra-littoral invertcbrates on the \Vest coast of the Amtrican UOpiC5. During Stanfvrcl Qctanographic Expeditivn lS. which 5�mplcd lhe intenidal Hora anJ fau"" al variouó points betwc�n Peru ami California, information \Vas (ollcctcd on lhe nahlral history of this species over a \Vide ran,¡;c oí lalitudes and habitatl, Thi5 information, whieh i, sumo mari!�d here, includes detJils on color, distribution, local names, type of .\ hell oc�\lpied, pcrccntage of fcm�k, ovigerous al \'ariou, localities, food and \'JriOllS a:;pteb oi beha,'i()!'. 111e semi·terrcstrial hcrmit crab H. MiJl1C Edwards CQ(J10bit" compl'l'JJtti IS a conspicuous and frcqucntly abundant iohabitant of the supra.Jittoral zone of thc castcrn tropical Pacific fl'OlTI Mcxico to Pcru. However, aside fmm brid mentions in the papers of (2), BRlGHT (1), and I-IAIG, el al. (3), GLASSELL there is little information available 00 the natural histo¡y of this species. ConsiderabJe mformation on the biology of was Coellohifa wmpreJJtiJ obtained as part of a survey oE the hermit crab fauna o[ the castern tropical Pa· cific during Stanford Oceanogra hlC Expcditioo 18 from l\pril to June p 1968. 11115 cxpcdition, abüard lhe RV Te Vega, sampled lhc mteríldal fauna and Íiora from Paila, Perú (50S) to Bahía Magdalena, Ba¡a California (24"N), A mal.' of this cruisc and a station list are prcscnted in Fi¡z.urc 1 ;tnd TabIe 1, rcspcctively. -
Reappraisal of Hermit Crab Species (Crustacea: Anomura: Paguridea) Reported by Camill Heller in 1861, 1862 and 1865
Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 103 B 135 - 176 Wien, Dezember 2001 Reappraisal of hermit crab species (Crustacea: Anomura: Paguridea) reported by Camill Heller in 1861, 1862 and 1865 P.A. McLaughlin1 & P.C. Dworschak2 Abstract Redescriptions based on the type material are presented for 11 species of hermit crabs described as new by Camill Heller (HELLER 1861a, c, 1862, 1865): Coenobita violascens HELLER, 1862, Diogenes avarus HELLER, 1865 - for which a lectotype is designated, Diogenes senex HELLER, 1865, Pagurus varipes HELLER, 1861 [= Dardanus tinctor (FORSKÅL, 1775)], Pagurus depressus HELLER, 1861 [= Dardanus lago- podos (FORSKÅL, 1775)], Calcinus rosaceus HELLER, 1861, Calcinus nitidus HELLER, 1865, Clibanarius carnifex HELLER, 1861, Clibanarius signatus HELLER, 1861, Paguristes barbatus (HELLER, 1862) and Paguristes ciliatus HELLER, 1862. For 7 of those, detailed figures are provided. In addition, the material from the Red Sea along with the hermit crabs obtained during the circumnavigation of the earth by the fri- gate 'Novara' and identified by him have been reevaluated and necessary corrections made. Keywords: Crustacea, Anomura, Paguridea, Camill Heller, Novara, lectotype designation Zusammenfassung Elf Arten von Einsiedlerkrebsen, die Camill Heller als neue Arten beschrieb (HELLER 1861a, c, 1862, 1865), werden hier anhand des Typenmaterials wiederbeschrieben: Coenobita violascens HELLER, 1862, Diogenes avarus HELLER, 1865 - für die ein Lectotypus designiert wird, Diogenes senex HELLER, 1865, Pagurus varipes HELLER, 1861 [= Dardanus tinctor (FORSKÅL, 1775)], Pagurus depressus HELLER, 1861 [= Dardanus lago- podos (FORSKÅL, 1775)], Calcinus rosaceus HELLER, 1861, Calcinus nitidus HELLER, 1865, Clibanarius carnifex HELLER, 1861, Clibanarius signatus HELLER, 1861, Paguristes barbatus (HELLER, 1862) und Paguristes ciliatus HELLER, 1862. Zu sieben Arten davon werden detailierte Zeichnungen präsentiert. -
EXTRA-PAIR MATING and EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZE in the SONG SPARROW (Melospiza Melodia)
EXTRA-PAIR MATING AND EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZE IN THE SONG SPARROW (Melospiza melodia) By Kathleen D. O'Connor B.A., Skidmore College, 2000 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FUFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES THE FACULTY OF FORESTRY Department of Forest Sciences Centre for Applied Conservation Research We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA April 2003 © Kathleen D. O'Connor, 2003 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of Fpce_t Sciences The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada Date 2HApc. 20O5 DE-6 (2/88) Abstract Effective population size is used widely in conservation research and management as an indicator of the genetic state of populations. However, estimates of effective population size for socially monogamous species can vary with the frequency of matings outside of the social pair. I investigated the effect of cryptic extra-pair fertilization on effective population size estimates using four years of demographic and genetic data from a resident population of song sparrows (Melospiza melodia Oberholser 1899) on Mandarte Island, British Columbia, Canada. -
Foraging : an Ecology Model of Consumer Behaviour?
This is a repository copy of Foraging : an ecology model of consumer behaviour?. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/122432/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Wells, VK orcid.org/0000-0003-1253-7297 (2012) Foraging : an ecology model of consumer behaviour? Marketing Theory. pp. 117-136. ISSN 1741-301X https://doi.org/10.1177/1470593112441562 Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Foraging: an ecology model of consumer behavior? Victoria.K.Wells* Durham Business School, UK First Submission June 2010 Revision One December 2010 Revision Two August 2011 Accepted for Publication: September 2011 * Address for correspondence: Dr Victoria Wells (née James), Durham Business School, Durham University, Mill Hill Lane, Durham, DH1 3LB & Queen’s Campus, University Boulevard, Thornaby, Stockton-on-Tees, TS17 6BH, Telephone: +44 (0)191 334 0472, E-mail: [email protected] I would like to thank Tony Ellson for his guidance and Gordon Foxall for his helpful comments during the development and writing of this paper. -
Mimicry - Ecology - Oxford Bibliographies 12/13/12 7:29 PM
Mimicry - Ecology - Oxford Bibliographies 12/13/12 7:29 PM Mimicry David W. Kikuchi, David W. Pfennig Introduction Among nature’s most exquisite adaptations are examples in which natural selection has favored a species (the mimic) to resemble a second, often unrelated species (the model) because it confuses a third species (the receiver). For example, the individual members of a nontoxic species that happen to resemble a toxic species may dupe any predators by behaving as if they are also dangerous and should therefore be avoided. In this way, adaptive resemblances can evolve via natural selection. When this phenomenon—dubbed “mimicry”—was first outlined by Henry Walter Bates in the middle of the 19th century, its intuitive appeal was so great that Charles Darwin immediately seized upon it as one of the finest examples of evolution by means of natural selection. Even today, mimicry is often used as a prime example in textbooks and in the popular press as a superlative example of natural selection’s efficacy. Moreover, mimicry remains an active area of research, and studies of mimicry have helped illuminate such diverse topics as how novel, complex traits arise; how new species form; and how animals make complex decisions. General Overviews Since Henry Walter Bates first published his theories of mimicry in 1862 (see Bates 1862, cited under Historical Background), there have been periodic reviews of our knowledge in the subject area. Cott 1940 was mainly concerned with animal coloration. Subsequent reviews, such as Edmunds 1974 and Ruxton, et al. 2004, have focused on types of mimicry associated with defense from predators. -
Ga7459. B) Polyonyx Pedalis, 1 Female 4.56×4.73 Mm, Mayotte, St
23 Figure 11. A) Polyonyx biunguiculatus, 1 male 2.68×3.23 mm, Mayotte, St. 23, MNHN- Ga7459. B) Polyonyx pedalis, 1 female 4.56×4.73 mm, Mayotte, St. 19, MNHN-Ga7464 (coloration altered by preservative). C) Polyonyx triunguiculatus, 1 male 3.69×4.37, Mayotte, St. 23, MNHN-Ga7438. D) Polyonyx aff. boucheti, 1 ovigerous female 2.20×3.24 mm, Mayotte, St. 12, MNHN-Ga7465. Polyonyx triunguiculatus Zehntner, 1894 Polyonyx triunguiculatus (Figure 11 C) - Haig, 1966: 44 (Mayotte, lagoon, small blocks and coarse sands, coll. A. Crosnier, September 1959, 2 males 2.7 and 3.2 mm, 1 female 1.9 mm, 2 ovigerous females 3.1 and 3.2 mm; same, coarse sands, 50 m, 1 male 3.7 mm, 1 female 3.3 mm, MNHN). - BIOTAS collections, Glorioso, 3-7 May 2009, det. J. Poupin from photo, St. GLOR-2, reef platform and shallow canyons with dead Acropora digitifera head, 7-14 m, specimen MEPA 948; St. GLOR-5, reef slope East side, 17 m, specimen MEPA 1045. - Mayotte, KUW fieldwork November 2009, St. 14, La Prudente bank, 15-17 m, 2 males 3.38×4.13 and 3.31×3.79 mm, 1 ovigerous female 3.29×4.20, 1 juvenile broken, MNHN-Ga7436; St. 17, North reef, 22 m, 1 male 3.43×3.94, 1 ovigerous female 3.10×3.97 mm, MNHN-Ga7437; St. 23, Choizil pass ‘Patate à Teddy’, 15-30 m, 1 male 3.69×4.37, 1 female 2.72×3.12 mm, MNHN-Ga7438; St. 25, islet M'tzamboro, 15-20 m, 1 ovigerous female 3.46×4.45 mm, 1 female 2.74×3.06 mm, 2 ovigerous females 2.89×3.44 and 3.40×3.99 mm, 1 female not measured, MNHN-Ga7439; St. -
T.* & Ng, P. K. L. 2016 a New Species of Land Hermit Crab
Rahayu, Shih & Ng: New species of Coenobita from Singapore RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY Supplement No. 34: 470–488 Date of publication: 29 June 2016 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5A71C157-03AC-4B03-B73E-43BCC019C6E7 A new species of land hermit crab in the genus Coenobita Latreille, 1829 from Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia, previously confused with C. cavipes Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Coenobitidae) Dwi Listyo Rahayu1, 2, Hsi-Te Shih3* & Peter K. L. Ng4 Abstract. A new species of land hermit crab in the genus Coenobita Latreille, 1829 (Anomura: Coenobitidae), C. lila, is described from Singapore and adjacent countries. The new species has previously been confused with C. cavipes Stimpson, 1858, but they can be distinguished by the former possessing dense tubercles on the outer face of the palm of the left cheliped and the presence of a large sternal protuberance between the male fifth pereopods. Recognition of the new species is further supported by molecular data. In this study, the presence of C. cavipes in Taiwan is confirmed, and the status of C. baltzeri Neumann, 1878, is discussed. Key words. Land hermit crab, taxonomy, Coenobita lila, new species, C. cavipes, C. baltzeri, molecular data INTRODUCTION size of the sternal protuberance between the coxae of the male fifth pereopods (small in C. violascens, moderately large in The common land hermit crab Coenobita cavipes Stimpson, C. cavipes). McLaughlin et al. (2010) followed Nakasone 1858, was described from Loo Cho (= Ryukyu Islands, Japan) (1988) in recognising the species as distinct and treated C. (Nakasone, 1988: 172) by Stimpson (1858) and is regarded baltzeri Neumann, 1878 (described from Java), as a junior as widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific region. -
Social Relations Chapter 8 Behavioral Ecology
Social Relations Chapter 8 Behavioral Ecology: Study of social relations. Studies interactions between organisms and the environment mediated by behavior 1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Some differences between males and females…besides the obvious!!! • Females produce larger, more energetically costly gametes. • Males produce smaller, less energetically costly gametes. Female reproduction thought to be limited by resource access. Male reproduction limited by mate access. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =NjnFBGW3Fmg&feature=related2 Hermaphrodites • Hermaphrodites Exhibit both male and female function. Most familiar example is plants. So, how do organisms choose their mate??? 3 Mate Choice • Sexual Selection Differences in reproductive rates among individuals as a result of differences in mating success. Intrasexual Selection: Individuals of one sex compete among themselves for mates. Intersexual Selection: Individuals of one sex consistently choose mates among members of opposite sex based on a particular trait. http://www.youtube.co m/watch? v=eYU4v_ZTRII 4 How much is too much??? • Darwin proposed that sexual selection would continue until balanced by other sources of natural selection • Given a choice, female guppies will mate with brightly colored males. However, brightly colored males attract predators. It’s a trade-off! 5 Class Activity!!! • In groups, using guys in a bar looking for dates example, come up with a scenario of sexual selection either going too far or succeeding!!! Be creative!!! 6 Sexual Selection in Plants??? Nonrandom Mating Found Among Wild Radish • Wild radish flowers have both male (stamens) and female (pistils) parts, but cannot self-pollinate. • Marshall found non-random mating in wild radish populations. -
ATOLL RESEARCH Bulletln
ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETlN NO. 235 Issued by E SMTPISONIAIV INSTITUTION Washington, D.C., U.S.A. November 1979 CONTENTS Abstract Introduction Environment and Natural History Situation and Climate People Soils and Vegetation Invertebrate Animals Vertebrate Animals Material and Methods Systematics of the Land Crabs Coenobitidae Coenobi ta Coenobi ta brevimana Coenobi ta per1 a ta Coenobi ta rugosa Birgus Birgus latro Grapsidae Geogxapsus Geograpsus crinipes Geograpsus grayi Metopograpsus Metopograpsus thukuhar Sesarma Sesarma (Labuaniurn) ?gardineri ii Gecarcinidae page 23 Cardisoma 2 4 Cardisoma carnif ex 2 5 Cardisoma rotundum 2 7 Tokelau Names for Land Crabs 30 Notes on the Ecology of the Land Crabs 37 Summary 4 3 Acknowledgements 44 Literature Cited 4 5 iii LIST OF FIGURES (following page 53) 1. Map of Atafu Atoll, based on N.Z. Lands and Survey Department Aerial Plan No. 1036/7~(1974) . 2. Map of Nukunonu Atoll, based on N.Z. Lands and Survey Department Aerial Plan No. 1036/7~sheets 1 and 2 (1974). 3. Map of Fakaofo Atoll, based on N.Z. Lands and Survey Department Aerial Plan No. 1036/7C (1974). 4. Sesarma (Labuanium) ?gardineri. Dorsal view of male, carapace length 28 rnm from Nautua, Atafu. (Photo T.R. Ulyatt, National Museum of N. Z.) 5. Cardisoma carnifex. Dorsal view of female, carapace length 64 mm from Atafu. (Photo T.R. Ulyatt) 6. Cardisoma rotundurn. Dorsal view of male, carapace length 41.5 mm from Village Motu, Nukunonu. (Photo T.R. Ulyatt) LIST OF TABLES 0 I. Surface temperature in the Tokelau Islands ( C) Page 5 11. Mean rainfall in the Tokelau Islands (mm) 6 111, Comparative list of crab names from the Tokelau Islands, Samoa, Niue and the Cook islands, 3 5 IV. -
Where Is Behavioural Ecology Going?
Opinion TRENDS in Ecology and Evolution Vol.21 No.7 July 2006 Where is behavioural ecology going? Ian P.F. Owens Division of Biology and NERC Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, UK, SL5 7PY Since the 1990s, behavioural ecologists have largely wove together the theories developed over the preceding abandoned some traditional areas of interest, such as decade and championed a new empirical approach to optimal foraging, but many long-standing challenges investigating behaviour. The key element of this approach remain. Moreover, the core strengths of behavioural was the use of adaptation as the central conceptual ecology, including the use of simple adaptive models to framework, which gave behavioural ecologists a precise investigate complex biological phenomena, have now a priori expectation: behaviours should evolve to maxi- been applied to new puzzles outside behaviour. But this mise the fitness of the individuals showing strategy comes at a cost. Replication across studies is those behaviours. rare and there have been few tests of the underlying Krebs and Davies also stressed the importance of two genetic assumptions of adaptive models. Here, I attempt other principles [27]. The first was the need to quantify to identify the key outstanding questions in behavioural variation in behaviour accurately. Drawing attention to ecology and suggest that researchers must make the new quantitative work that was being performed in greater use of model organisms and evolutionary some areas of ethology [28,29], they showed how this genetics in order to make substantial progress on approach could be applied to a variety of behaviours. -
The Effects of Isolation on the Behavioral Interactions of Juvelnille Land Hermit Crabs (Coenobitidae) from the Motus of Mo’Orea, French Polynesia
ONE IS THE LONLIEST NUMBER: THE EFFECTS OF ISOLATION ON THE BEHAVIORAL INTERACTIONS OF JUVELNILLE LAND HERMIT CRABS (COENOBITIDAE) FROM THE MOTUS OF MO’OREA, FRENCH POLYNESIA *WITH AN APPENDIX SURVEYING THE HERMIT CRAB SPECIES PRESENT ON SELECT MO’OREAN MOTUS. VANESSA E. VAN ZERR Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 USA, [email protected] Abstract. Hermit crabs interact with each other in a variety of ways involving spatial use (aggregations, migrations), housing (shells), mating, recognition of conspecifics, and food. To test if isolation from conspecifics affects the behavioral interactions of hermit crabs, crabs of the species Coenobita rugosus (Milne‐Edwards 1837) of Mo’orea, French Polynesia were isolated from each other for two days, four days, six days, fifteen days, and twenty‐two days. They were kept in individual opaque containers with separate running seawater systems to prevent them from seeing or smelling each other. Afterwards, the hermit crabs were put into a tank two at a time and their behavior was recorded and compared to the behaviors of non‐isolated crabs. Behaviors looked at fell into two categories: 1) “social” interactions, meaning that the crabs reacted to each other’s presence, and 2) “nonsocial” interactions, meaning that the crabs either ignored each other’s presence or actively avoided behavioral interactions with other crabs. Results indicated that although “social” behavior showed a slight decreasing trend over time, it was not significant; however, the amount of “nonsocial” avoidance behavior seen increased significantly the longer crabs were isolated. Key words: hermit crab, Coenobita, Calcinus, Dardanus, isolation, behavior, motu. INTRODUCTION: sex ratios are uneven (Wada S. -
Land Crab Interference with Eradication Projects
Pacific Invasives Initiative LAND CRAB INTERFERENCE WITH ERADICATION PROJECTS PHASE I – COMPENDIUM OF AVAILABLE INFORMATION Citation: Wegmann A, (2008). Land crab interference with eradication projects: Phase I – compendium of available information. Pacific Invasives Initiative, The University of Auckland, New Zealand. Contacts: David Towns | (Science Adviser - Pacific Invasives Initiative) | Department of Conservation | Private Bag 68-908 | Newton, Auckland, New Zealand | Tel: +64 -09- 307-9279 | Email: [email protected] Bill Nagle | Pacific Invasives Initiative – IUCN Invasive Species Specialist Group | University of Auckland - Tamaki Campus | Private Bag 92019 | Auckland, New Zealand | Tel: +64 (0) 9 373 7599 | Email: [email protected] Alex Wegmann | Island Conservation Canada | 680-220 Cambie Street | Vancouver, BC V6B 2M9 Canada | Tel: +1 604 628 0250 | Email: [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................... 2 TABLE OF TABLES............................................................................................ 2 TABLE OF FIGURES.......................................................................................... 2 ABSTRACT........................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................. 3 METHODS ...........................................................................................................