OCTOBER, 2017 SPECIAL ISSUE Journal of Public Policy Research GRADUATE JOURNAL OF THE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC POLICY AND GOVERNANCE SPECIAL ISSUE: CITIZENSHIP UNDER VECTORS OF DISCRIMINATION A Perpetrator Narrative on Domestic Violence: Case Study of Rohingya Masculinities in Refugee Camps | Ayyagari Subramaniam A Battle of the Wills, “Marzi”, “Majboori”, and a Negative Approach to “Izzat” in the Life of a Rohingya Woman | Divya Jose Problems and Issues of Stateless People in North-East India | H. Vanlallawta Tribes and Gender: The Question of Empowerment in the Autonomous District Council in Manipur | Khamliansang Naulak Exclusion of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups: A Case Study of Maharashtra | Mahindra N. Wardhalwar Immigration and Border Politics: Seeing the ‘Other’ in Assam | Jeemut Pratim Das HYDERABAD CAMPUS Surrender and Rehabilitation Policy for the Left-Wing Extremists | Nitin N. Zade Lived Experience of Women Sarpanch and Ex- Sarpanch Under the Panchayati Raj | Shambhavi Sharma Older Women: Problems and Beyond | Sampurna Das TATA INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, HYDERABAD, INDIA Editors Dr S. Siva Raju Professor and Deputy Director, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Hyderabad (TISS-Hyd) Dr Aseem Prakash Professor and Chairperson, School of Public Policy and Governance, (SPPG) TISS-Hyd Dr Amit Sadhukhan Assistant Professor, SPPG, TISS- Hyd Dr Ekta Singh Assistant Professor, SPPG, TISS- Hyd Dr Gayatri Nair Assistant Professor, SPPG, TISS- Hyd Managing Editor Dr Amit Upadhyay Assistant Professor, SPPG, TISS- Hyd Executive Editors (Graduate Students, SPPG, TISS- Hyd) Aprajita Verma Sampriti Mukherjee Drishti Vishwanath Souma Shekhar Gangopadhyay Mary Jugunu Therese Anna Abraham Meenal Rawat Editorial Advisory Board Ajey Sangai, Research Fellow, Vidhi Centre for Legal Policy, New Delhi, India Badri Narayan Rath, Assistant Professor & Head, Department of Liberal Arts, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India Himanshu, Associate Professor, Centre for Economic Studies & Planning, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India Joerg Friedrichs, Associate Professor at Oxford Department of International Development, St Cross College, Oxford, England Mitu Sengupta, Associate Professor, Department of Politics and Public Administration, Ryerson University, Canada Mohammed Ahsan Abid, Special Director, Government of India Padmini Swaminathan, Visiting Professor, Council for Social Development, Hyderabad Rekha Pappu, Associate Professor, Azim Premji School of Education, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Hyderabad, India Sanjeev Routray, Sectional Instructor, Department of Sociology, University of British Columbia, Canada Sony Pellisery, Associate Professor, National Law School of India University, Bangalore, India. Vidhu Verma, Professor, Centre for Political Studies, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India Vindhya Undurti, Professor & Chairperson, School of Gender Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Hyderabad, India Contents A Perpetrator Narrative on Domestic Violence: Case Study of Rohingya 1 Masculinities in Refugee Camps Ayyagiri Subramaniam A Battle of the Wills, “Marzi”, “Majboori”, and a Negative Approach to 23 “Izzat” in the Life of a Rohingya Woman Divya Ruth Jose Problems and Issues of Stateless people in North-East India 36 H. Vanlallawta Tribes and Gender: The Question of Empowerment in the Autonomous 50 District Council in Manipur Khamliansang Naulak Exclusion of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups: A Case Study of 60 Maharashtra Mahindra N. Wardhalwar Immigration and Border Politics: Seeing the ‘Other’ in Assam 79 Jeemut Pratim Das Surrender and Rehabilitation Policy for the Left-Wing Extremists 94 Nitin N. Zade Lived Experience of Women Sarpanch and Ex- Sarpanch Under the 110 Panchayati Raj Shambhavi Sharma Older Women: Problems and Beyond 125 Sampurna Das Foreword It gives us immense pleasure to introduce the special issue of the School of Public Policy and Governance entitled Citizenship under Vectors of Discrimination. This issue foregrounds the experience of adverse citizenship faced by marginalized and discriminated groups such as ethnic and racial minorities, women, and the stateless Rohingyas settled in Hyderabad. Under the overarching theme ‘Citizenship under Vectors of Discrimination’, it surveys interrelated questions of inequality, entitlements, violence, group identity and connectedly the ‘politics of difference’. Preferring a historical trajectory, it determines how institutions have fared in implementing mechanisms for the democratic inclusion of traditionally disadvantaged groups. Imbricating theoretical with empirical insights, this special issue focuses on how the marginalized have fared in seeking their entitlements. This issue continues to endorse its professed aim of promoting democratization of knowledge generation and dissemination by giving an opportunity to budding policy students and professionals from diverse backgrounds to disseminate their research findings. The overall aim is to facilitate exchange of ideas and promote high quality and original research. We hope that the readers will be as enriched by this issue as we were in editing it. Student Editors 1 A Perpetrator Narrative on Domestic Violence: Case Study of Rohingya Masculinities in Refugee Camps Ayyagari Subramaniam Graduate Student, School of Public Policy and Governance, TISS- Hyderabad The overabundant literature on gender-based sexual violence mostly emphasizes on the women’s narrative but the perpetrator narrative remains elusive. The following study tries to capture that ever-elusive perpetrator narrative on gender-based sexual violence. It does so by looking at gender violence through the lens of masculinity. The researcher during the entirety of the study tries to delineate possible masculinities among Rohingya men and expends his energies on the most noxious types. Like ideas, gender roles are abstractions with limited spatiotemporal understandings. Masculinity or manhood has cultural and durational meanings. The researcher tries to understand these markers of masculinity using the qualitative tools at his dispense. The research subjects are “Rohingya men”, who have settled in Balapur, Hyderabad. The Rohingyas are stateless refugees who due to an incessant humanitarian crisis have fled Myanmar, the crisis is on-going and there are still several thousand who are dying while crossing perilous borders. The subject statelessness has not received the necessary attention it should. The idea still remains confounding even after it has been six decades since the conception of instruments for statelessness. The dearth of literature is a cause of concern. The research is an attempt to add new information to an almost non- existent literature on statelessness. The study aspires to establish possible links between statelessness and the toxicity exuded by the research subjects. The research is optimistic and fancies that the field findings would be used for longitudinal and comparative studies in future. Keywords: Rohingya, masculinities, sexual violence, statelessness Gender based sexual violence is an relatives”(National Crime Records Bureau, everyday reality for women across the 2015). The numbers given by the NCRB globe. According to National Crime does not exhaust this violent crime. Records Bureau (NCRB), 3,27,394 cases of According to the National Coalition against crimes against women were reported across Domestic Violence, domestic violence is all India in the year 2015. Out of these one of the most chronically underreported 1,13,403 cases were registered under the crimes. Gender-based sexual violence is a crime head “cruelty by husband or subject which is undergoing intense study. 2 ROHINGYA MASCULINITIES IN REFUGEE CAMPS There is an overabundance of literature on Rohingyas; it also deals with the complex gender-based sexual violence but most of subject of “statelessness”. Further, the the information is about women and the section deals with gender and hegemonic cruelty directed towards them. Most of the masculinity. The researcher uses scholarly work on gender-based sexual violence is articles and reliable sources to make an inundated with women’s narrative and very argument. The next section is about field less attention is given to the men’s side of findings. All the findings from the field are the argument. The perpetrator narrative on listed in this section most of them are gender violence remains elusive. The personal accounts of the research subjects. excessive literature on domestic violence The section also analyzes the findings; it and sexual abuse neglects the men’s tries to substantiate some claims which are narrative on these issues. This research in consonance with the existing literature captures the perpetrator narrative using and also tries to add on to the literature by masculinity as a lens. The research subjects giving some new information. The next are the long persecuted Rohingya men. section concludes the thesis; it tries to Rohingyas are stateless refugees from reiterate some interesting facts exposed by Myanmar. They are being persecuted by the the field. It also restates some of the Buddhists and the government for ethnic accomplished objectives of the research. and religious reasons. Another important problem is the almost non-existent literature on “statelessness”. Statelessness Objectives of the study as a subject is so little understood that the 1954 UN convention on the status of stateless people does not recognize “de The objective of