TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IRELAND NATIONAL ROAD NETWORK INDICATORS 2016
March 2017 KEY TRENDS 2 A: KEY TREND SUMMARY
TRAVEL HOTSPOTS: TRAFFIC GROWTH:
M50 Dublin area: N40 Cork area: Traffic Growth by Region: 140,000 vehicles per day 80,000+ vehicles per day 6% 5.7% Hotspot: Hotspot: Mid-East 5.2% 5% 4.6% Mid-West 5.4% 4.2% Dublin 4.6% 4% 2.9% Midlands 4.8% +4.6% 3% Border 5.0% 2% South East 5.7% Traffic Growth 1% West 3.5% across the network 0% South West 3.1% in 2016 was 4.6%. All Motorways National National National Primary Secondary Roads Roads Roads M50 LEVEL OF SERVICE: CHANGES IN PEAK HOUR SPREAD M50:
The peak hours remain the TOTAL TRAFFIC M50 TMUs 2015 2016 Morning rush hour: Free flow to forced or breakdown flow 9% 100000 same as 2015: 6.30 - 9.30 and AM PM 15.30 - 18.30, but there was 8% an increase in trips between 7% 50% 50% 6.00 and 7.00 of 1% from 2015. 40% 60% 40% 60% This was a result of continued 6% 30% 70% 30% 70% M50 M50 growth on the National Road 2015 2016 5% 20% 80% 20% 80% network and traffic demand Percentage Share of Total Traffic
10% 90% 10% 90% reaching previously unreached 4% 0% 0% levels especially on the M50. 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 6 7 8 15 16 17 2013 2014 2015 2016 FATAL COLLISIONS ON THE NATIONAL ROAD:
Pedestrians: Fatal collisions by road type: Total fatal collisions on the National Roads (2011-2016): 115 113 108 104 +13% 94 2016 87 72 15 -6% 64 64 66 61 48 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2011 64 48 64 66 61 72 16 National Roads Local & Regional Roads 2011 2012 2013 2014 * 2015 * 2016 * *Fatal collisions 2014: Garda Pulse data (not verified by RSA) & fatal collisions 2015 & 2016: AGS data (not verified by RSA)
Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Road Network Indicators 2016 NEWS 3 B: NEWS + UPDATES
Establishment of TII National Transport Model (NTpM) Motorway Service Helpline Since its release in 2013 the NTpM is A Motorway Service Helpline has been In August 2015, the updated annually using data from the set-up to assist roads users in difficulty National Roads Authority Traffic Monitoring Units. Documentation on a Motorway. All calls are directed regarding the National Transport Model can through the Motorway Traffic Control (NRA) and the Railway be located on the TII website at www.tii.ie/ Centre (MTCC) and the number is: Procurement Agency (RPA) tii-library/strategic-planning/ were merged to become 0818-715-100 or; Traffic Monitoring Units [email protected] Transport Infrastructure TII now has over 370 Traffic Monitoring Units around the country which will be used to Further information and live traffic updates Ireland (TII). monitor traffic patterns and to plan future are available on www.tiitraffic.ie interventions. See website: www.nratrafficdata.ie To find out more about TII visit www.tii.ie
Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Road Network Indicators 2016 CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION P5 1. ROAD NETWORK P6 2. ECONOMIC P19 3. ROAD CONDITION P21 4. SAFETY P25 5. ACCESSIBILITY + ENVIRONMENT P27
Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Road Network Indicators 2016 5
INTRODUCTION
Transport Infrastructure Ireland’s mission is to deliver transport infrastructure and services that contribute to the quality of life of the people of Ireland and support the country’s economic growth
For this purpose, TII has overall reductions in the cost of operating vehicles. Transport Infrastructure Ireland considers it responsibility not only for the planning Society as a whole benefits from increased important to monitor the performance and and supervision of the construction and economic productivity, reduced energy use of the National Road network and to maintenance works on these roads, but consumption and a better environment. share this information with the public. also for ensuring the efficient use and safe operation of the National Road network. If the National Road network is operated to This publication sets out some key a high standard, then road users will enjoy indicators of performance and usage of the Efficient use of the National Road network safe journeys with predictable journey National Roads network. provides benefits to road passenger and times. road freight users in the form of shorter journey times, reduced congestion and
Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Road Network Indicators 2016 ONE: ROAD NETWORK ONE | ROAD NETWORK 7 A: LENGTH OF NATIONAL ROAD NETWORK Length of National Road network by road type 2016
N56 N13 N56 N14
N15
N56
N15
N15 N2
N16 There are in excess of N12 N4 N54 N2 5,300 kilometres of N87 N3 N1 N53 National Road network in N26 N61 N5 N4 N3 N33 N4 Ireland. N61 N55 N60 N84 N3 The National Road network is comprised Road type: N2 M1 N4 N52 of 916 kilometres of motorway, 293km of N17 N83 M3 Motorway 916km N59 M2 dual carriageway, and 4,097km of single N85 N63 Dual carriageway 293km N6 M4 carriageway. M6 Single carriageway 4,097km M50 N31 N18 M6 The actual length of the National Road N7 network fluctuates year on year due N66 N65 N11 to road reclassification, realignments
N67 N81 to existing National Roads, new roads, M7 17% M18 opening and analysis/updating of data in N77 N78 N62 the TII Roads Database. 6% N68 M9 M11 N80 N18 N75 N69 N10 N11 N24 N21 N74 N76 77% N30 N69 M8 N20 N24 N25 N69 N29 N73 N86 N23 N20 N72 N25
N25
N22 N25 N25 N40 N70 N71 N71 N71
N71 N71
Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Road Network Indicators 2016 ONE | ROAD NETWORK 8 B1: LEVEL OF USAGE OF THE ROAD NETWORK Level of usage of the National Road network as measured by Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT)
The continued growth in the Irish economy is reflected by the growth in traffic on M1M1 the National Road network. In Dublin, the M50 continues to experience growth in levels of usage as measured by Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) flows, with the section between Junction 7 (N4) AADT M50 and Junction 9 (N7) recording the highest AADT levels on the National Road network. M11 Increased economic activity outside of the M11 Dublin region is also apparent with further AADT growth being experienced on the N40 (Cork South Ring Road) in 2016.
AADT (thousands per day)
1–5 17–25 75–100
N8 5–10 25–50 100–125
10–17 50–75 125-150 N40
AADT Cork
Transport Infrastructure Ireland Source: TII National Transport Model, 2016 National Road Network Indicators 2016 ONE | ROAD NETWORK 9 B2: FREIGHT MOVEMENTS ON THE NATIONAL ROAD NETWORK Level of usage of the National Road network by freight vehicles as measured by Heavy Goods Vehicle (HGV) AADT
The level of usage of the National Road network by freight vehicles, as M1 measured by Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGV) AADT, continues to experience growth particularly in AADT M50 economic centres near M11 major ports.
HGV AADT (thousands per day)
0-0.5 2-3 7-9
0.5-1 3-5 9-11 N8 1-2 5-7 11-13
N40
AADT Cork
Source: TII National Transport Model, 2016 Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Road Network Indicators 2016
National Road Network Indicators 2016 Indicators Network Road National
Transport Infrastructure Ireland Infrastructure Transport Source: TII National Transport Model, 2016 Model, Transport National TII Source:
F. Forced or breakdown flow breakdown or Forced F.
0%
10% 90% 50% flow Unstable E.
40% 60%
Roads
80% 20%
30% Secondary 70% flow unstable Approaching D.
National
70% 30%
20% 80%
C. Stable flow Stable C.
60% 40% 10% 50% 90%
0% B. Reasonably free flow free Reasonably B.
A. Free flow Free A.
0%
strategic-planning
10% 90%
Lane Capacity, online at www.tii.ie/tii-library/ at online Capacity, Lane
Roads
80% 20%
Research and Information Note: A Study of of Study A Note: Information and Research Primary
National National For further information see: Transport Transport see: information further For
70% 30%
higher levels of service are achieved. are service of levels higher
60% 40%
management are required to ensure that that ensure to required are management 50%
M50, further interventions such as demand demand as such interventions further M50,
service. However, for certain roads such as the the as such roads certain for However, service.
are operating to the highest standard of of standard highest the to operating are
over the last decade, most route sections sections route most decade, last the over
substantial investment in National Roads Roads National in investment substantial
0%
10% 90% within a traffic stream. Following the the Following stream. traffic a within
measure describing operational conditions conditions operational describing measure
80% 20%
All Roads All international standards. LOS is a quality quality a is LOS standards. international
70% roads may be assessed using recognised recognised using assessed be may roads 30%
The level of service (LOS) provided by by provided (LOS) service of level The
60% 40%
50%
operating under each level of service condition service of level each under operating
Proportion of the National Roads network network Roads National the of Proportion
MORNING RUSH-HOUR, NATIONAL ROADS NATIONAL RUSH-HOUR, MORNING
SERVICE: OF LEVEL C1:
10 ROAD NETWORK ROAD ONE | | ONE ONE | ROAD NETWORK 11 C2: LEVEL OF SERVICE M50 AND N40 Proportion of the M50 and Cork Ring Road operating under each level of service condition
M50 Cork Ring Road The level of service on the M50 in Dublin and Cork Ring Road is presented opposite. The proportion of the M50 and Cork Ring M1 Road operating at free or stable flow decreased by 10 percentage points and 5 N8 percentage points respectively between 2015 and 2016. Dublin
M11 A. Free flow
B. Reasonably free flow N40
C. Stable flow
D. Approaching unstable flow
E. Unstable flow
50% F. Forced or breakdown flow 50% 40% 60% 40% 60%
30% 70% 30% 70% M50 Cork Ring Road 20% 80% 20% 80%
10% 90% 10% 90% 0% 0%
Source: TII National Transport Model, 2016 Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Road Network Indicators 2016 ONE | ROAD NETWORK 12 C3: VOLUME TO CAPACITY RATIO: NATIONAL PRIMARY ROADS Proportion of the National Primary Roads network operating at each level of capacity
The Volume to Capacity (V/C) Ratio relates the AADT volume carried on a section of road to its daily operational capacity.
The V/C Ratio for the National Primary Road network indicates that over 70% of the network is operating at or below 80% of its daily capacity. This reflects the significant investment made in the National Primary Road network in recent times. 50% 40% 60% *Capacity Based on NRA TD 9 Road Link 30% National 70% Design Table 6 Primary 20% Roads 80%
10% 90% 0%
Operating Below 80% Capacity
Operating between 80% - 100% Capacity
Operating between 100% - 120% Capacity
Operating above 120% Capacity
Source: TII National Transport Model, 2016 Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Road Network Indicators 2016 ONE | ROAD NETWORK 13 C4: VOLUME TO CAPACITY RATIO: NATIONAL SECONDARY ROADS Proportion of the National Secondary Roads network operating at each level of capacity
The Volume to Capacity (V/C) Ratio relates the AADT volume carried on a section of road to its daily operational capacity.
The V/C Ratio for the National Secondary Road network indicates that over 45% of the network is operating at or above 80% of its daily capacity. This indicates that investment is required in the National Secondary Road network to match the performance of the National Primary Road network. 50% 40% 60%
30% National 70% *Capacity Based on NRA TD 9 Road Link Secondary Design Table 6 20% Roads 80%
10% 90% 0%
Operating Below 80% Capacity
Operating between 80% - 100% Capacity
Operating between 100% - 120% Capacity
Operating above 120% Capacity
Source: TII National Transport Model, 2016 Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Road Network Indicators 2016 ONE | ROAD NETWORK 14 D: ROADS USAGE OVER THE DAY Profile of the usage of the National Road network by time of day
Nat Primary Peak Nat Primary Peak
The peak periods on M50 Peak M50 Peak our National Roads are Nat Secondary Peak Nat Secondary Peak extending outwards due 10% to increased demand and congestion. 9% In the morning, the peak period lasts 8% between 6.30am and 9.30am whilst in in the evening, the peak covers the period 7% between 3:30pm and 6:30pm. Peak traffic hours have a level of traffic some 30% to 50% above off-peak levels. The M50 is 6% the most used road in the country with daily weekday traffic of up to 140,000 5% along its busiest sections. The peaks on the M50 are more prolonged than other 4% roads with significant traffic flows being maintained during off-peak periods. The 3% trend of ‘peak hour spreading’ continued in 2016, with the peak period share of trafficPercentage daily total of share 2% total daily M50 traffic reducing by 0.2% point compared to the previous year. 1%
M50 Motorway 0% National Primary 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 National Secondary Peak period Peak period Hour Beginning Peak period (6.30am - 9.30am) (3.30pm - 6.30pm) Source: TII National Transport Model, 2016 Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Road Network Indicators 2016 ONE | ROAD NETWORK 15 E: TRIP DURATION NATIONAL ROADS AND REGIONAL ROADS - AM PEAK Profile of the trips made on the National and Regional Roads network by their duration
Across the road 25% network, a significant portion of trips that 20% people make are of 39% short duration. In total, greater
39% of trips are of 15 15% less than or than 15 minutes duration or equal to 15 minutes less. minutes 10% 61% Percentage share of total trips 5%
0%
0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 65-70 70-75 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 75-80 80-85 85-90 90-95 95-100
Trip Length (minutes) average trip duration = 22mins
light vehicles
Source: TII National Transport Model, 2016 Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Road Network Indicators 2016 ONE | ROAD NETWORK 16 F: TRIP DISTANCE NATIONAL AND REGIONAL ROADS - AM PEAK Profile of the trips made on the National and Regional Roads network by their distance
Across the road 25% network, a significant portion of trips that 38% 62% 20% people make are short distance. In total, just 0–10km 10km + over 50% of trips on the 15% National and Regional road network are 15 kilometres or less. 10% Percentage share of total trips 5%
0%
0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 65-70 70-75 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 75-80 80-85 85-90 90-95 95-100
Trip Distance (km) average trip distance = 19.4km
light vehicles
Source: TII National Transport Model, 2016 Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Road Network Indicators 2016 ONE | ROAD NETWORK 17 G: ANNUAL TRAFFIC GROWTH RATES Annual Traffic Growth 2015-2016
Traffic growth was 4.6% Growth by Road Type (All Vehicles) Growth by Region 5.7% All Vehicles across the network in 2016. 4.6% HGV 4.2%
The highest regional growth recorded in 2.9% 2016 was in the South-East with 5.7% for the year. The Mid-West and Mid-East also experienced significant growth at 5.4% and 5.2% respectively. The South West and West had the lowest year on year growth at 3.1% and 3.5% respectively. Border 5.0% 6.4%
For HGVs the Mid-East and South-West All National Motorways National National West 3.5% 5.5% recorded the highest regional growth with Primary Secondary 7.4% and 7.2% respectively. The West and Roads Dublin 4.6% Roads Roads 6.9% Midlands 4.8% Midlands had the lowest year on year growth 4.4% at 5.5% and 4.4% respectively. Growth by Road Type (HGVs) Mid-East 5.2% 7.3% 7.4% 6.2% Mid-West 5.4% 6.2% 5.9% The greatest year on year traffic growth 5.8% by road type was recorded on motorways; where traffic has increased 5.7% for all South-East 5.7% 5.6% vehicles and 7.3% for HGVs .
South-West 3.1% 7.2%
Source: TII Traffic Monitoring Units All National Motorways National National Primary Secondary Roads Roads Roads
Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Road Network Indicators 2016 ONE | ROAD NETWORK 18 H: NETWORK MANAGEMENT Overview of the responsibilities for the Management of the National Road network
The management of the National Road network is assigned to a Key facts: number of bodies with the majority share of National Primary and o National Secondary roads being 0 C managed by Local Authorities. Motorways are managed under the Motorway Maintenance and 327 9,664 30 Renewal Contracts (MMaRCs) or by demountable all emergency nights in 2015 snow ploughs calls received by where the PPP Concession companies in the Motorway Traffic temperature case of the tolled motorways. TII Our winter service Control Centre reached below fleet consists of: including SOS zero manages the maintenance of 2,709 phones bridges, which includes all bridges on National Roads other than on PPP roads. PPP Consession companies manage a total of 472 bridges. N11 1,410 M11 360 96 salt spreaders SOS phones weather stations in the in operation on country the National Road Routes managed by: Network MMaRC PPP Local Authority 29,600 tonnes of salt were used on National Road Network in 2015
Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Road Network Indicators 2016 TWO: ECONOMIC TWO | ECONOMIC 20 E: POPULATION, CAR OWNERSHIP AND VEHICLE KILOMETRES FORECASTS Overview of recent experience and forecasts for the future
The country experienced significant increases in its level of population, number of registered vehicles and vehicle kilometres travelled over the period 1990 to 2008.
Since 2008 there has been a reduction TII’s 2013 update of National Transport in the level of car ownership and vehicle Model incorporates these ESRI population kilometres travelled in the country, although projections and can forecast the vehicle these have started to rise again since 2012. numbers and vehicle kilometres travelled The ESRI Irish County Population Model in the country to 2050. In 2050, it is forecast (IC-POP) has produced population forecasts that there will be between 3.5 and 4.0 to 2050 by applying mortality, fertility million vehicles registered in the country. and migration projections to Census 2011 The number of vehicle kilometres travelled data. According to the ESRI forecasts, is forecast to reach between 52.0 and 58.5 the population of the country is forecast billion in 2050. to reach between 4.91 and 5.61 million persons in 2050.
Source: Central Statistics Office and 2010 National Transport Model Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Road Network Indicators 2016 THREE: ROAD CONDITION THREE | ROAD CONDITION 22 A: PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE Overview of the status of the road pavement across the National Road network by subnetwork type
The National Road network across network pavements a consists of over 5,400 series of 5 Subnetwork types kilometres of road pavements. has been defined, to assist in The pavements are the ongoing management of the predominately made of layers network. These Subnetworks of flexible materials designed to are defined in terms of their support traffic volumes/loads characteristics, e.g type over their design lifespan of of pavement construction, between 0 and 40 years. pavement age, and traffic Owing to the diversity that exists volumes carried.
Subnetwork Classification
0 Motorways High speed, high volumes pavement, made up of Motorway and Dual Car- + dual riageway sections of the network. Much of this subnetwork is less than 10 carriageways years old.
1 Engineered Significant geometric and pavement design has taken place in the pavement construction and/or rehabilitation of the pavement sections. Typically carry reasonably large volumes of traffic, and are identified by presence of hard shoulders adjacent to the carriageway.
2 Legacy pavement Legacy subnetwork, typically constructed without formal geometric or – high traffic pavement design. Typically carries traffic volumes less than 10,000 AADT.
3 Legacy pavement Legacy subnetwork, typically constructed without formal geometric or – low traffic) pavement design. Typically carries traffic volumes less than 5000 AADT.
4 Legacy pavement Legacy subnetwork, typically constructed without formal geometric or – very low traffic pavement design. Typically carries traffic volumes less than 2000 AADT.
Source: NRA Pavement Condition Report 2016 Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Road Network Indicators 2016 THREE | ROAD CONDITION 23
B: CURRENT STATUS OF THE ROAD PAVEMENT CONDITION Overview of the condition of the road pavement across the National Road network by some key indicators
100 TII collects data on the pavement condition 80 across the entire pavement network annually, using high speed machine survey vehicles. 60 IRI This data is used to select sites for treatment 40 under the Pavement and Minor Improvements Very poor programme. As part of the annual survey of 20 road pavement condition, data on a number 0 Poor of key indicator parameters are collected, including: 100 90 Fair -- IRI (International Roughness Index) which 80 measures the response of vehicle to the 70 Good pavement surface conditions 60 Rut depth 50 Very good -- Rut Depth which measures the level of 40 rutting/deformation on the pavement 30 caused by heavy traffic 20 -- LPV3 (Longitudinal Profile Variance) 10 which measures the level of bumps, 0 Subnetwork type: potholes, sags etc in the pavement 100 0 Motorway and dual carriageways 90 In 2016, it was identified in relation to roads 80 1 Engineered belonging to motorway/dual carriageway that: 70 pavement 60 -- 67% of the network had very good IRI; 2 Legacy pavement LPV3 50 – high traffic -- 74% of the network had very good Rut 40 3 Legacy pavement – low traffic Depth 30 20 4 Legacy pavement -- 90% had very good LPV3 levels 10 – very low traffic 0 0 1 2 3 4
Source: NRA Pavement Condition Report Subnetwork type Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Road Network Indicators 2016 THREE | ROAD CONDITION 24 C: NATIONAL ROAD BRIDGE STRUCTURES Overview of the quantum and condition of bridge structures on the National Road network
1400 Bridges are key elements of the National Road 1200 system and maintenance and rehabilitation 1000 of bridges is a key part of the TII’s asset 800 management strategy.
The National Road network includes 600 No. of Bridges approximately 2,700 bridge structures of which 472 are on roads provided by public private partnerships. 400 Bridges are inspected on a regular cycle. Bridge components which are allocated a condition rating of 0 or 1 do not require 200 repair work, whereas those assigned a rating of 2 or higher are scheduled for future repair. 0 The amount of bridges falling into the Condition Rating 2016 CR1+ categories has increased since 2015. CR 0: No or insignificant change. CR 4: Damage is critical, repair at once.
CR 1: Minor Damage but no need of repair. CR 5: Ultimate Damage. The component has failed or is in danger of total failure.
CR 2: Some Damage, repair needed when convienent. N/A: Data not available due to access restrictions.
CR 3: Significant Damage, repair within next financial year. Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Road Network Indicators 2016 FOUR: SAFETY FOUR | SAFETY 26 A: FATAL COLLISIONS NATIONALLY Trends in fatal collisions nationally
Total fatal collisions on National Roads: 2011–2016 Long term trends in total fatal collisions
400 Total Fatal Collisions +16% 350 National Roads (non-motorway) 300 Regional & Local Road Motorway 250 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 200 64 48 64 66 61 72 150 100
Fatal Collisions per 50 0 2011 2012 2013 2015 2016 2014 2007 2010 2005 2006 2008 2009 Year
Distribution of fatal collisions by road type (National & non-national): Recent trends in total fatal collisions on National Roads:
Pedestrians: All Other:
2016 2016 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 15 -6% 57
2011 2011 +19% National Primary Regional/Local Roads 16 48 National Secondary Motorway
Transport Infrastructure Ireland Fatal collisions 2016/2015: AGS data (not verified by RSA), Fatal collisions 2014: Garda Pulse data (not verified by RSA)* National Road Network Indicators 2016 FIVE: ACCESSIBILITY + ENVIRONMENT FIVE | ACCESSIBILITY + ENVIRONMENT 28 A: IMPACT OF ROAD INVESTMENT ON EMPLOYMENT ACCESSIBILITY
access to % change in access A key benefit of a quality employment to employment score road system is improved score 2010 2006–2010 accessibility to jobs
Louth Louth -0.6% The stronger the colour the higher the improvement in access to employment per county
Carlow Carlow
+16%
Note: The quantified benefits Peripheral areas tend to suffer from poor Waterford have particularly benefited For further information see: relate to agglomeration accessibility to jobs if transport links are from improvements in accessibility of Transport Research and Information wider economic impacts inadequate. In 2010 the most accessible 14% or more, reflecting the impact of the Note: Impact of Improvements in the only; they exclude the areas in the country were Dublin and Kildare investment in the major inter-urban routes. Road Network on the Accessibility & conventional benefits arising followed by Louth, Wicklow and Meath. It is estimated that road improvements Economic Potential of Counties, Urban from journey time savings The investment in the road system over over the period 2006–2010 are Areas, Gateways & Hubs, 2012 and safer journeys. the period 2006–2010 led to an increase contributing an annual benefit in GDP in job accessibility of 6.9% nationally. terms of €525m. In present value terms, However, the counties of Galway, Clare, over a period of 30 years, this is an Limerick, Tipperary, Kilkenny and aggregate benefit of some €9.5bn.
Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Road Network Indicators 2016 Transport Infrastructure Ireland Parkgate Business Centre Parkgate Street, Dublin 8 D08 DK10 T: +353 1 6463600 W: www.tii.ie
Editorial and statistics: [email protected]/[email protected] Document updated by: [email protected] ©TII 2017