Perfects and Iamitives: Two Gram Types in One Grammatical Space
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Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics &A
Online Appendix for Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue (2014) Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics & Change Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue The following document lists the languages of the world and their as- signment to the macro-areas described in the main body of the paper as well as the WALS macro-area for languages featured in the WALS 2005 edi- tion. 7160 languages are included, which represent all languages for which we had coordinates available1. Every language is given with its ISO-639-3 code (if it has one) for proper identification. The mapping between WALS languages and ISO-codes was done by using the mapping downloadable from the 2011 online WALS edition2 (because a number of errors in the mapping were corrected for the 2011 edition). 38 WALS languages are not given an ISO-code in the 2011 mapping, 36 of these have been assigned their appropri- ate iso-code based on the sources the WALS lists for the respective language. This was not possible for Tasmanian (WALS-code: tsm) because the WALS mixes data from very different Tasmanian languages and for Kualan (WALS- code: kua) because no source is given. 17 WALS-languages were assigned ISO-codes which have subsequently been retired { these have been assigned their appropriate updated ISO-code. In many cases, a WALS-language is mapped to several ISO-codes. As this has no bearing for the assignment to macro-areas, multiple mappings have been retained. 1There are another couple of hundred languages which are attested but for which our database currently lacks coordinates. -
PROSIDING SETALI 2017 “Language Policy And
Seminar Tahunan Linguistik 2017 Setali Language Policy and Language Planning: Nationalism and Globalization PROSIDING SEMINAR TAHUNAN LINGUISTIK UNIVERSITAS PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA (SETALI 2017) TINGKAT INTERNASIONAL “Language Policy and Language Planning: Nationalism and Globalization” Auditorium Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, 10 – 11 Agustus 2017 Diselenggarakan oleh Program Studi Linguistik Sekolah Pascasarjana UPI bekerja sama dengan Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia Cabang UPI PROGRAM STUDI LINGUISTIK SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA UPI BANDUNG 2017 2 Seminar Tahunan Linguistik 2017 Auditorium Sekolah Pascasarjana UPI Perpustakaan Nasional RI: Katalog Dalam Terbitan (KDT) Prosiding SETALI 2017 I. Dadang & Eri Kurniawan, II. Language Policy and Language Planning: Nationalism and Globalization 724 hlm +XIV; 21 x 29.7 Cm. ISBN: 602600061-5. Prosiding Seminar PROSIDING SETALI 2017 “Language Policy and Language Planning: Nationalism and Globalization” PENANGGUNG JAWAB: Dadang Sudana, M.A, Ph. D Eri Kurniawan, M.A, Ph. D KOORDINATOR PENGUMPUL NASKAH: Armando Satriani Hadi Istikomah Shilva Lioni Siti Sarah Siti Syarah Pauziah PEWAJAH SAMPUL: Andika Dutha Bachari Dian Junaedi 3 Seminar Tahunan Linguistik 2017 Setali Language Policy and Language Planning: Nationalism and Globalization PENATA LETAK: Andika Dutha Bachari Dian Junaedi Copyright © 2017 Hak cipta ada pada penulis Hak terbit: Penerbit Prodi Linguistik SPs UPI Gedung Sekolah Pascasarjana UPI Lt. 1 Jl. Setiabudhi No. 229 Bandung, 40154 Tel. 022-2013163, Pos-el: [email protected] Kutipan Pasal 44, Ayat 1 dan 2, Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia tentang HAK CIPTA.Tentang Sanksi Pelanggaran Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2002 tentang HAK CIPTA, sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang No.7 Tahun 1987 jo, Undang-Undang No. 12 Tahun 1997, bahwa: 1. Barangsiapa dengan sengaja dan tanpa hak mengumumkan atau menyebarkan suatu ciptaan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam pasal 2 ayat (1) dan ayat (2) dipidana dengan pidana penjara masing- masing paling singkat 1 (satu) bulan dan atau denda paling sedikit Rp. -
Sociophonetic Variation in Bolivian Quechua Uvular Stops
Title Page Sociophonetic Variation in Bolivian Quechua Uvular Stops by Eva Bacas University of Pittsburgh, 2019 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2019 Committee Page UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH DIETRICH SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This thesis was presented by Eva Bacas It was defended on November 8, 2019 and approved by Alana DeLoge, Quechua Instructor, Department of Linguistics, University of Pittsburgh Melinda Fricke, Assistant Professor, Department of Linguistics, University of Pittsburgh Gillian Gallagher, Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics, New York University Thesis Advisor/Dissertation Director: Claude Mauk, Senior Lecturer, Department of Linguistics, University of Pittsburgh ii Copyright © by Eva Bacas 2019 iii Abstract Sociophonetic Variation in Bolivian Quechua Uvular Stops Eva Bacas, BPhil University of Pittsburgh, 2019 Quechua is an indigenous language of the Andes region of South America. In Cochabamba, Bolivia, Quechua and Spanish have been in contact for over 500 years. In this thesis, I explore sociolinguistic variation among bilingual speakers of Cochabamba Quechua (CQ) and Spanish by investigating the relationship between the production of the voiceless uvular stop /q/ and speakers’ sociolinguistic backgrounds. I conducted a speech production study and sociolinguistic interview with seven bilingual CQ-Spanish speakers. I analyzed manner of articulation and place of articulation variation. Results indicate that manner of articulation varies primarily due to phonological factors, and place of articulation varies according to sociolinguistic factors. This reveals that among bilingual CQ-Spanish speakers, production of voiceless uvular stop /q/ does vary sociolinguistically. -
Variation and Change in Latin American Spanish and Portuguese
Variation and change in Latin American Spanish and Portuguese Gregory R. Guy New York University Fieldworker:¿Que Ud. considera ‘buen español? New York Puerto Rican Informant: Tiene que pronunciar la ‘s’. Western hemisphere varieties of Spanish and Portuguese show substantial similarity in the patterning of sociolinguistic variation and change. Caribbean and coastal dialects of Latin American Spanish share several variables with Brazilian Portuguese (e.g., deletion of coda –s, –r). These variables also show similar social distribution in Hispanic and Lusophone communities: formal styles and high status speakers are consonantally conservative, while higher deletion is associated with working class speakers and informal styles. The regions that show these sociolinguistic parallels also share common historical demographic characteristics, notably a significant population of African ancestry and the associated history of extensive contact with African languages into the 19th C. But contemporary changes in progress are also active, further differentiating Latin American language varieties. Keywords: Brazilian Portuguese, Latin American Spanish, coda deletion, variation and change. 1. Introduction The Spanish and Portuguese languages have long been the objects of separate tradi- tions of scholarship that treat each of them in isolation. But this traditional separation is more indicative of political distinctions – Spain and Portugal have been separate nation-states for almost a millennium – than of any marked linguistic differences. In fact, these two Iberian siblings exhibit extensive linguistic resemblance, as well as no- tably parallel and intertwined social histories in the Americas. As this volume attests, these languages may very fruitfully be examined together, and such a joint and com- parative approach permits broader generalizations and deeper insights than may be obtained by considering each of them separately. -
THE PHONOLOGY of PROTO-TAI a Dissertation Presented to The
THE PHONOLOGY OF PROTO-TAI A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Pittayawat Pittayaporn August 2009 © 2009 Pittayawat Pittayaporn THE PHONOLOGY OF PROTO-TAI Pittayawat Pittayaporn, Ph. D. Cornell University 2009 Proto-Tai is the ancestor of the Tai languages of Mainland Southeast Asia. Modern Tai languages share many structural similarities and phonological innovations, but reconstructing the phonology requires a thorough understanding of the convergent trends of the Southeast Asian linguistic area, as well as a theoretical foundation in order to distinguish inherited traits from universal tendencies, chance, diffusion, or parallel development. This dissertation presents a new reconstruction of Proto-Tai phonology, based on a systematic application of the Comparative Method and an appreciation of the force of contact. It also incorporates a large amount of dialect data that have become available only recently. In contrast to the generally accepted assumption that Proto-Tai was monosyllabic, this thesis claims that Proto-Tai was a sesquisyllabic language that allowed both sesquisyllabic and monosyllabic prosodic words. In the proposed reconstruction, it is argued that Proto-Tai had three contrastive phonation types and six places of articulation. It had plain voiceless, implosive, and voiced stops, but lacked the aspirated stop series (central to previous reconstructions). As for place of articulation, Proto-Tai had a distinctive uvular series, in addition to the labial, alveolar, palatal, velar, and glottal series typically reconstructed. In the onset, these consonants can combine to form tautosyllabic clusters or sequisyllabic structures. -
UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title A History of Guelaguetza in Zapotec Communities of the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, 16th Century to the Present Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7tv1p1rr Author Flores-Marcial, Xochitl Marina Publication Date 2015 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles A History of Guelaguetza in Zapotec Communities of the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, 16th Century to the Present A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Xóchitl Marina Flores-Marcial 2015 © Copyright by Xóchitl Marina Flores-Marcial 2015 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION A History of Guelaguetza in Zapotec Communities of the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, 16th Century to the Present by Xóchitl Marina Flores-Marcial Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Los Angeles, 2015 Professor Kevin B. Terraciano, Chair My project traces the evolution of the Zapotec cultural practice of guelaguetza, an indigenous sharing system of collaboration and exchange in Mexico, from pre-Columbian and colonial times to the present. Ironically, the term "guelaguetza" was appropriated by the Mexican government in the twentieth century to promote an annual dance festival in the city of Oaxaca that has little to do with the actual meaning of the indigenous tradition. My analysis of Zapotec-language alphabetic sources from the Central Valley of Oaxaca, written from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, reveals that Zapotecs actively participated in the sharing system during this long period of transformation. My project demonstrates that the Zapotec sharing economy functioned to build and reinforce social networks among households in Zapotec communities. -
The Acoustic Consequences of Phonation and Tone Interactions in Jalapa Mazatec
The acoustic consequences of phonation and tone interactions in Jalapa Mazatec Marc Garellek & Patricia Keating Phonetics Laboratory, Department of Linguistics, UCLA [email protected] San Felipe Jalapa de Dıaz⁄ (Jalapa) Mazatec is unusual in possessing a three-way phonation contrast and three-way level tone contrast independent of phonation. This study investigates the acoustics of how phonation and tone interact in this language, and how such interactions are maintained across variables like speaker sex, vowel timecourse, and presence of aspiration in the onset. Using a large number of words from the recordings of Mazatec made by Paul Kirk and Peter Ladefoged in the 1980s and 1990s, the results of our acoustic and statistical analysis support the claim that spectral measures like H1-H2 and mid- range spectral measures like H1-A2 best distinguish each phonation type, though other measures like Cepstral Peak Prominence are important as well. This is true regardless of tone and speaker sex. The phonation type contrasts are strongest in the first third of the vowel and then weaken towards the end. Although the tone categories remain distinct from one another in terms of F0 throughout the vowel, for laryngealized phonation the tone contrast in F0 is partially lost in the initial third. Consistent with phonological work on languages that cross-classify tone and phonation type (i.e. ‘laryngeally complex’ languages, Silverman 1997), this study shows that the complex orthogonal three-way phonation and tone contrasts do remain acoustically distinct according to the measures studied, despite partial neutralizations in any given measure. 1 Introduction Mazatec is an Otomanguean language of the Popolocan branch. -
Learn Thai Language in Malaysia
Learn thai language in malaysia Continue Learning in Japan - Shinjuku Japan Language Research Institute in Japan Briefing Workshop is back. This time we are with Shinjuku of the Japanese Language Institute (SNG) to give a briefing for our students, on learning Japanese in Japan.You will not only learn the language, but you will ... Or nearby, the Thailand- Malaysia border. Almost one million Thai Muslims live in this subregion, which is a belief, and learn how, to grow other (besides rice) crops for which there is a good market; Thai, this term literally means visitor, ASEAN identity, are we there yet? Poll by Thai Tertiary Students ' Sociolinguistic. Views on the ASEAN community. Nussara Waddsorn. The Assumption University usually introduces and offers as a mandatory optional or free optional foreign language course in the state-higher Japanese, German, Spanish and Thai languages of Malaysia. In what part students find it easy or difficult to learn, taking Mandarin READING HABITS AND ATTITUDES OF THAI L2 STUDENTS from MICHAEL JOHN STRAUSS, presented partly to meet the requirements for the degree MASTER OF ARTS (TESOL) I was able to learn Thai with Sukothai, where you can learn a lot about the deep history of Thailand and culture. Be sure to read the guide and learn a little about the story before you go. Also consider visiting neighboring countries like Cambodia, Vietnam and Malaysia. Air LANGUAGE: Thai, English, Bangkok TYPE OF GOVERNMENT: Constitutional Monarchy CURRENCY: Bath (THB) TIME ZONE: GMT No 7 Thailand invites you to escape into a world of exotic enchantment and excitement, from the Malaysian peninsula. -
LIN 631 Linguistic Description of American Languages
Course: LIN 631 Linguistic description of American languages: Typological properties of Mesoamerican languages Term: Fall 2007 Text: Readings on reserve Meetings: T/R15:30 -16:50 in 118 Baldy Instructor: Dr. Jürgen Bohnemeyer – Office 627 Baldy Phone 645-2177 ext 727 E-mail [email protected] Office hours T 11:00-11:30 and R 10:00-11:00 Overview: The seminar covers Mesoamerican (MA) and adjacent languages. 1 The MA linguistic and cultural area stretches from the Valley of Mexico in the North to the northern Honduran border on the Caribbean coast and well into Costa Rica on the Pacific Coast. The MA languages comprise five unrelated families: Otomanguean; Aztecan (a branch of the larger Uto-Aztecan language family); Totonacan; Mixe- Zoquean; and Mayan. A number of MA languages are isolates or of uncertain genealogical grouping; these include Purépecha (or Tarascan), Huave, Oaxaca Chontal (or Tequistlatec), and Xinca. The MA languages have long been recognized as forming a sprachbund or linguistic area. Several millennia of intensive contact have changed the members of the various unrelated language families so as to enhance their compatibility in formal and semantic categories. Phenomena that are pervasive in the MA area include head-marking; ergative and split-intransitive traits in both morphology and syntax; alignment-hierarchy (or “obviation”) effects in argument linking; verb-initial and verb-final constituent orders; morpho-syntactic alienable-inalienable distinctions in adnominal possession; (numeral, nominal, and possessive) classificatory systems; and lack of deictic tense coupled with rich systems of aspectual and modal marking. Polysynthesis, in the sense that syntactic relations and processes tend to have morphological reflexes at the word level and in the sense that content words, in combination with the necessary inflections and function words, can constitute clauses by themselves (independently of their lexical category), is widespread in most MA language families, the most important exception being Otomanguean. -
Isthmus (Juchit´An) Zapotec
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE IPA Isthmus (Juchitan)´ Zapotec VelmaB.Pickett† SIL International Mar´ıa Villalobos Villalobos SIL International Stephen A. Marlett SIL International [email protected] Isthmus Zapotec (autoglossonym: [dıŸ a"zŸ aÚŸ ]) is the common name used for a variety of Zapotec (Otomanguean family) spoken on the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico (Suarez⁄ 1983: xvi; Campbell 1997: 158). It is now officially listed by the Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indıgenas⁄ (INALI 2008) as ‘zapoteco de la planicie costera’ (‘coastal plain Zapotec’) to distinguish it from other varieties of Zapotec spoken on the Isthmus. It is the mother tongue of many inhabitants of various cities and towns, as well as many smaller communities (INALI 2008), with some lexical, syntactic and phonetic variation between towns only a few kilometers apart. The ISO 639-3 code for this variety is zai. Since the most recent census figures do not separate out the varieties of Zapotec, and have not done so reliably when attempted, official statistics as to the number of speakers of Isthmus Zapotec are not available. (The Ethnologue (Lewis 2009) cites the 1990 census as listing 85,000 speakers; that figure must have been an interpretation of other statistics in the census.) INALI (personal communication, September 2008) estimates the current number to be about 104,000. In the city of Tehuantepec, the language is no longer widely used. In certain other locations, including Juchitan⁄ de Zaragoza, Spanish is becoming the dominant or the only language spoken by many people born after about 1990, although Zapotec is dominant in many outlying towns, including San Blas Atempa. -
The Popolocan Languages Evangelia Adamou
The Popolocan languages Evangelia Adamou To cite this version: Evangelia Adamou. The Popolocan languages. Soeren Wichmann. Languages and Linguistics of Mex- ico and Northern Central America: A Comprehensive Guide, Mouton de Gruyter, In press. halshs- 03153566 HAL Id: halshs-03153566 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03153566 Submitted on 26 Feb 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. E. Adamou, The Popolocan languages The Popolocan languages Evangelia Adamou French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) 1. Introduction 1.1. Classification The Popolocan branch of the Otomanguean stock includes four languages, namely Chocho, Popoloc, Ixcatec, and Mazatec. This classification follows the work of Fernández de Miranda (1951, 1956), Hamp (1958), Gudschinsky (1959a) and Swadesh (1960: 83). Based on glottochronological analyses, Fernández de Miranda (1956) suggests that Mazatec was the first language to split from the other Popolocan languages 25 centuries ago. Next, 13 centuries ago, Ixcatec branched off while Chocho and Popoloc, which share the greatest number of innovations, split up 8 centuries ago. The divergence of Mazatec from the three other Popolocan languages and the proximity between Popoloc and Chocho is uncontroversial. However, the position of Ixcatec in the Popolocan branch is less clear. -
Data Sources
Data sources Stephen A. Marlett, compiler The Zapotec Grammar Files Stephen A. Marlett, compiler (March 2011) Data sources [http://mexico.sil.org/resources/archives/60560]. In: Cheryl A. Black, H. Andrew Black and Stephen A. Marlett (eds.) The Zapotec Grammar Files. © SIL International. These are working papers that are periodically updated, expanded, and corrected. Comments or corrections can be sent to the editors (see the index page). 2 Data sources Contents Data sources . 2 References . 6 Data sources This document provides information about the sources of data for The Zapotec Grammar Files. Full bibliographic references are found in the References section. Some works referenced in the bibliography are listed under ??? "Unspecified" in this table because it is not clear yet where they should go. Some sources are listed as unpublished field notes (f.n.). The names listed by INALI (Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas, INALI (2008)) may not correspond one-for-one with those listed in the Ethnologue (Gordon (2005)), of course. For that reason, not all of the names used by INALI are listed here. There may also be some inexactitude with the correspondences given here. The ISO 639-3 code for Zapotec as a macrolanguage is [zap]. Data sources 3 ISO 639-3 Identifier as in the INALI name (INALI Sources Code Ethnologue 2008) (each preceded by (Gordon 2005) "zapoteco") (each followed by "Zapotec") zaa Sierra de Juárez serrano, del oeste Bartholomew (1983), Fernández de Miranda (1995), Gibbs (1977), Marlett (1993), Nellis (1947), Nellis & Nellis