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Kerajaan Singasari Era Kerajaan: Kerajaan Singasari Sumber sejarah tentang Kerajaan Singasari di Jawa Timur adalah kitab-kitab kuno, seperti Pararaton (Kitab Raja-Raja) dan Negarakertagama. Kedua kitab itu berisis sejarah raja-raja. Kerajaan Singasari dan majapahit yang saling berhubungan erat. Ketika Ken Arok berkuasa di Tumapel, di Kerajaan Kediri berlangsung perselisihan antara Raja Kertajaya dengan para Brahmana. Para Brahmana tersebut melarikan diri ke Tumapel. Namun, dalam pertempuran di Ganter, ia mengalami kekalahan dan meninggal. Kemudian, Ken Arok menyatukan Kerajaan Kediri dan Tumapel, serta mendirikan Kerajaan Singasari. Ia bergelar Sri Rangga Rajasa (Rajasawangsa) atau Girindrawangsa di Jawa Timur. Dari istri yang pertamanya yang bernama Ken Umang, Ken Arok mempunyai empat orang anak, yaitu Panji Tohjaya, Panji Sudhatu, Panji Wregola, dan Dewi Rambi. Dari perkawinannya dengan Ken Dedes, Ken Arok mempunyai empat orang anak, yaitu Mahisa Wong ateleng, Panji Sabrang, Agni Bhaya, dan Dewi Rimbu. Ken Arok juga memiliki seorang anak tiri, yaitu Anusapati yang merupakan anak Tunggal Tunggul ametung dan Ken Dedes. Tunggul Ametung adalah Bupati Tumapel yang dibunuh Ken Arok. Pada tahun1227, masa pemerintahan Ken Arok berakhir ketika ia dibunuh oleh anak tirinya Anusapati, sebagai balas dendam terhadap kematian Ayahnya. Diceritakan bahwa Ken Arok dibunuh dengan menggunakan keris Mpu Gandring yang di pakai untuk membunuh Tunggul Ametung. Kemudian Ken Arok dimakamkan di Kagenengan (sebelah selatan Singasari). Setelah Ken Arok wafat, Anusapati yang bergelar Amusanatha, naik tahta sebagai raja kedua Kerajaan Singasari. Anusapati memerintah sampai tahun 1248. Tohjaya yang mengetahui bahwa ayahnya dibunuh oleh Anusapati, merencanakan pembalasan dendam. Tohjaya membunuh Anusapati juga dengan mengunakan keris Mpu Gandring. Setelah Wafat, jenazahanusapati diperabukan di Candi Kidal. Tohjaya kemudian mengantikan Anusapati menjadi Raja di Kerajaan singasari pada tahun 1248. Ia tidak lama memerintah karena terjadi pemberontakan yang dilakukan oleh orang-orang Sinelir dan Rajasa yang digerakkan oleh Ranggawuni, anak Anusapati. Ranggawuni dibantu oleh Mahisa Cempaka, anak Mahisa Wong Ateleng, saudara tiri Anusapati dari ibu yang sama. Pemberontakan Ranggawuni berhasil menyerbu Halaman 1/4 (c) 2015 Webmaster <[email protected]> URL: http://www.indopedia.gunadarma.ac.id/content/1/536/id/kerajaan-singasari.html Era Kerajaan: Kerajaan Singasari masuk ke istana dan melukai Tohjaya dengan tombak. Tohjaya berhasil dilarikan oleh para pengawalnya ke luar Istana, tetapi akhirnya meninggal di Katalang Lumbang. Dengan wafatnya Tohjoyo. Tahta kerajaan Singasari kembali kosong. Setelah tohjaya wafat, Ranggawuni naik tahta pada tahun 1248 M dengan gelar Sri Jaya Wishnuwardhana. Mahisa Cempaka yang telah membantunya merebut tahta, memperoleh anugrah kedudukan sebagai Ratu Angabhaya, pejabat terpenting kedua di Kerajaan Singgasari dengan gelar Narasinghamurti. Pada tahun 1254. Wishnuwardhana menobatkan anaknya yang bernama Kertanegara sebagai Yuwaraja atau Kumararaja (Raja Muda). Kertanegara mendampingi ayahnya memerintah sampai tahun 1268. Ketika Wishnuwardhana meninggal di Mandaragiri, ia dimuliakan di dua tempat yang berbeda. Di Candi Jago (Jajaghu) sebagai Buddha Amoghapasha dan di Candi Weleri sebagai Siwa. Setelah ayahnya wafat, Kertanegara sebagai raja muda langsung dinobatkan sebagai Raja Singasari. Dalam menjalankan pemerintahan, Kertanegara dibantu oleh tiga orang pejabat bawahan, yaitu Rakryan i Hino, Rakryan i Sirikan dan Rakryan i Halu. Dibawah ketiga Mahamantri, masih terdapat pula tiga orang pejabat bawahan, yaitu Rakryan Apatih, Rakryan Demung, dan Rakryan Kanuruhan. Untuk mengatur soal keagamaan, diangkat pejabat yang disebut Dharmadhyaksa ri Kasogatan. Raja Kertanegara adalah raja yang terkenal dan terbesar dari kerajaan Singasari. Ia mempunyai semangat Ekspansionis. Kertanegara bercita-cita memperluas Kerajaan Singasari hingga keluar Pulau Jawa yang disebut dengan istilah Cakrawala Mandala. Pada tahun 1275, ia mengirim pasukan ke Sumatra untuk menguasai Kerajaan Melayu yang disebut sebagai ekspedisi Pamalayu. Dalam ekspedisi tersebut, Kerajaan Melayu berhasil di taklukan tahun1260. Peristiwa ini diabadikan pada alas patung Amoghapasha di Padangroco (Sungai Langsat) yang berangka tahun 1286. Halaman 2/4 (c) 2015 Webmaster <[email protected]> URL: http://www.indopedia.gunadarma.ac.id/content/1/536/id/kerajaan-singasari.html Era Kerajaan: Kerajaan Singasari Raja Melayu saat itu, Tribhuwana atau Raja Mulawarmandewa, beserta rayatnya menyambut hadiah itu dengan suka cita. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Kerajaan Melayu secara resmi berada dibawah kekuasaan Raja Kertanegara. Kertanegara juga membawa putrid Melayu kembali ke Singasari untuk dinikahkan dengan salah seorang bangsawan Singasari. Tujuh pengiriman arca dan penaklukan Kejaan Melayu adalah untuk menghadang rencana perluasan kekuasaan Kaisar Kubilai Khan dari Cina. Diceritakan bahwa sudah beberapa kali utusan dari Cina dating ke Kerajaan Melayu menurut pengakuan untuk tunduk kepada Cina. Raja Kertanegara menolak mengirim upeti atau utusan sebagai pernyataan tunduk kepada Cina. Raja Kertanegara menolak mengirim upeti atau utusan sebagai pernyataan tunduk. Pada tahun 1289, utusan Cina bernama Meng K&#39;i dikirim pulang ke Cina sehingga Kaisar Kubilai Khan marah dan mengirim pasukan untuk menyerang Kerajaan Singasari. Sebagian besar pasukan Kerajaan Singasari sedang dikirim ke Sumatra untuk menghadapi serangan pasukan Cina. Sementara itu, Raja Jayakatwang di Kerajaan Kediri yang menjadi bawahan Kerajaan Singasari melihat kesempatan yang baik untuk merebut kekuasaan. Pada tahun 1292, Raja Jayakatwang dengan pasukan Kerajaan Kediri menyerang Ibu kota Kerajaan Singasari. Menurut cerita, pada saat serangan musuh dating, Raja Kertanegara beserta para pejabat dan pendeta sedang melakukan upacara Tantrayana sehingga dapat dengan mudah mereka semua dibunuh oleh musuh. Kerajaan Singasari akhirnya berhasil direbut oleh Jayakatwang, Raja Kediri. Unique solution ID: #1535 Halaman 3/4 (c) 2015 Webmaster <[email protected]> URL: http://www.indopedia.gunadarma.ac.id/content/1/536/id/kerajaan-singasari.html Era Kerajaan: Kerajaan Singasari Penulis: Admin UGPEDIA Terakhir diperbaharui: 2009-05-30 11:08 Halaman 4/4 (c) 2015 Webmaster <[email protected]> URL: http://www.indopedia.gunadarma.ac.id/content/1/536/id/kerajaan-singasari.html.
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