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Montenegro's Tribal Legacy
WARNING! The views expressed in FMSO publications and reports are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Montenegro's Tribal Legacy by Major Steven C. Calhoun, US Army Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworth, KS. This article appeared in Military Review July-August 2000 The mentality of our people is still very patriarchal. Here the knife, revenge and a tribal (plemenski) system exist as nowhere else.1 The whole country is interconnected and almost everyone knows everyone else. Montenegro is nothing but a large family—all of this augurs nothing good. —Mihajlo Dedejic2 When the military receives an order to deploy into a particular area, planners focus on the terrain so the military can use the ground to its advantage. Montenegro provides an abundance of terrain to study, and it is apparent from the rugged karst topography how this tiny republic received its moniker—the Black Mountain. The territory of Montenegro borders Croatia, Bosnia- Herzegovina, Serbia and Albania and is about the size of Connecticut. Together with the much larger republic of Serbia, Montenegro makes up the current Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY). But the jagged terrain of Montenegro is only part of the military equation. Montenegro has a complex, multilayered society in which tribe and clan can still influence attitudes and loyalties. Misunderstanding tribal dynamics can lead a mission to failure. Russian misunderstanding of tribal and clan influence led to unsuccessful interventions in Afghanistan and Chechnya.3 In Afghanistan, the rural population's tribal organization facilitated their initial resistance to the Soviets. -
Socio Economic Analysis of Northern Montenegrin Region
SOCIO ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE NORTHERN REGION OF MONTENEGRO Podgorica, June 2008. FOUNDATION F OR THE DEVELOPMENT O F NORTHERN MONTENEGRO (FORS) SOCIO -ECONOMIC ANLY S I S O F NORTHERN MONTENEGRO EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR : Veselin Šturanović STUDY REVIEWER S : Emil Kočan, Nebojsa Babovic, FORS Montenegro; Zoran Radic, CHF Montenegro IN S TITUTE F OR STRATEGIC STUDIE S AND PROGNO S E S ISSP’S AUTHOR S TEAM : mr Jadranka Kaluđerović mr Ana Krsmanović mr Gordana Radojević mr Ivana Vojinović Milica Daković Ivan Jovetic Milika Mirković Vojin Golubović Mirza Mulešković Marija Orlandić All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means wit- hout the prior written permission of FORS Montenegro. Published with support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through the CHF International, Community Revitalization through Democratic Action – Economy (CRDA-E) program. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Agency for Interna- tional Development. For more information please contact FORS Montenegro by email at [email protected] or: FORS Montenegro, Berane FORS Montenegro, Podgorica Dušana Vujoševića Vaka Đurovića 84 84300, Berane, Montenegro 81000, Podgorica, Montenegro +382 51 235 977 +382 20 310 030 SOCIO ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE NORTHERN REGION OF MONTENEGRO CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS: ............................................................................................................................................................... -
GENS VLACHORUM in HISTORIA SERBORUMQUE SLAVORUM (Vlachs in the History of the Serbs and Slavs)
ПЕТАР Б. БОГУНОВИЋ УДК 94(497.11) Нови Сад Оригиналан научни рад Република Србија Примљен: 21.01.2018 Одобрен: 23.02.2018 Страна: 577-600 GENS VLACHORUM IN HISTORIA SERBORUMQUE SLAVORUM (Vlachs in the History of the Serbs and Slavs) Part 1 Summary: This article deals with the issue of the term Vlach, that is, its genesis, dis- persion through history and geographical distribution. Also, the article tries to throw a little more light on this notion, through a multidisciplinary view on the part of the population that has been named Vlachs in the past or present. The goal is to create an image of what they really are, and what they have never been, through a specific chronological historical overview of data related to the Vlachs. Thus, it allows the reader to understand, through the facts presented here, the misconceptions that are related to this term in the historiographic literature. Key words: Vlachs, Morlachs, Serbs, Slavs, Wallachia, Moldavia, Romanian Orthodox Church The terms »Vlach«1, or later, »Morlach«2, does not represent the nationality, that is, they have never represented it throughout the history, because both of this terms exclusively refer to the members of Serbian nation, in the Serbian ethnic area. –––––––––––– [email protected] 1 Serbian (Cyrillic script): влах. »Now in answer to all these frivolous assertions, it is sufficient to observe, that our Morlacchi are called Vlassi, that is, noble or potent, for the same reason that the body of the nation is called Slavi, which means glorious; that the word Vlah has nothing -
Old Rascia) and Old Herzegovina During Ottoman Rule
UDC 930.85(4–12) ISSN 0350–7653 SERBIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND ARTS INSTITUTE FOR BALKAN STUDIES BALCANICA XLVI ANNUAL OF THE INSTITUTE FOR BALKAN STUDIES Editor-in-Chief DUŠAN T. BATAKOVIĆ Director of the Institute for Balkan Studies SASA Editorial Board JEAN-PAUL BLED (Paris), LJUBOMIR MAKSIMOVIĆ, ZORAN MILUTINOVIĆ (London), DANICA POPOVIĆ, BILJANA SIKIMIĆ, SPIRIDON SFETAS (Thessaloniki), GABRIELLA SCHUBERT (Jena), NIKOLA TASIĆ, SVETLANA M. TOLSTAJA (Moscow) BELGRADE 2015 Radenko Šćekić DOI: 10.2298/BALC1546079S Original scholarly work Žarko Leković http://www.balcanica.rs Historical Institute of Montenegro Podgorica Marijan Premović Faculty of Philosophy Nikšić Political Developments and Unrests in Stara Raška (Old Rascia) and Old Herzegovina during Ottoman Rule Abstract: During the centuries of Ottoman rule the Tara and Lim river valleys (or Potarje and Polimlje respectively), the Pešter Plateau and Old Herzegovina saw much turbulence, wars, rebellions, population migrations. This chaotic situation was combined with the arbitrary and repressive conduct of local Ottoman feudal lords. Migrations, interethnic contacts and mixing of populations as well as an intensified Islamization process caused by a number of factors greatly complicated the situation. Albanian northward penetration along the Lim and into Pešter as well as the expan- sion of the Vasojevići tribe into the Upper Lim valley added to the complexity of the ethnic and demographic picture of the region. Perpetual rebellions against the Otto- man occupation eventually led to the liberation of the Serbian Orthodox population of these areas. Keywords: Stara Raška (Old Rascia), Brda (Highlands), Old Herzegovina, Ottoman Empire, rebellions, migrations Introduction or the sake of clarity let us first define some terms used in this article. -
Miadi Dolmayan Umut Islam in the Balkans
cilt MİADI DOLMAYAN UMUT ISLAM IN THE BALKANS UNEXPIRED HOPE GÖNÜL FETHİNDEN ZİHNİYET TEMSİLİNE FROM THE CONQUEST OF HEARTS TO THE REPRESENTATION OF MENTALITY EDİTÖR Muhammet Savaş Kafkasyali Ankara - Belgrade - Bucharest - Budapest - Chisinau - Kiev Podgorica - Sarajevo - Skopje - Tirana - Zagreb İnceleme Araştırma Dizisi Yayın No:19 BALKANLARDA İSLAM MİADI DOLMAYAN UMUT Cilt 3: Gönül Fethinden Zihniyet Temsiline From the Conquest of Hearts to the Representation of Mentality Editör Dr. Muhammet Savaş KAFKASYALI Balkanlarda İslam: Gönül Fethinden Zihniyet Temsiline - From the Conquest of Hearts to the Representation of Mentality / Editör: Dr. Muhammet Savaş Kafkasyalı Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Türk İşbirliği ve Koordinasyon Ajansı Başkanlığı 2016 5.c. (2902 s.) ; 16*24 cm T.C. Başbakanlık Türk İşbirliği ve Koordinasyon Ajansı Başkanlığı inceleme-araştırma-dizisi; yayın no:19 İçindekiler: c.1: Muğlaklıktan Berraklığa / From Ambiguity to Clarity c.2: Türkistan’dan Balkanlara / From Turkestan to the Balkans c.3: Gönül Fethinden Zihniyet Temsiline / From the Conquest of Hearts to the Representation of Mentality c.4: Vakti Azizden Vakti Zelalete / From Times of Glory to Times of Humility c.5: Köprüler Yıkan Zihniyetin Yıkılışı / Demolishing Mentality Which Demolishes Bridges ISBN: 978-605-9642-11-8 - Takım ISBN: 978-605-9642-14-9 - Cilt-3 Kafkasyalı, Muhammet Savaş Redaksiyon Prof. Dr. İsmail ÇALIŞKAN Prof. Dr. Ahmet YILDIRIM Proje Ekibi Doç. Dr. Bahadır GÜCÜYETER Dr. Hamza KOLUKISA Dr. Fatih VEYİS Hasan BEKDEŞ Tasarım-Baskı Karınca Creative -
The Hungarian Historical Review
Hungarian Historical Review 3, no. 3 (2014): 471–493 Judit Gál The Roles and Loyalties of the Bishops and Archbishops of Dalmatia (1102–1301) This paper deals with the roles of archbishops and bishops of Dalmatia who were either Hungarian or had close connections with the Hungarian royal court. The analysis covers a relatively long period, beginning with the coronation of Coloman as king of Croatia and Dalmatia (1102) and concluding with the end of the Árpád dynasty (1301). The length of this period not only enables me to examine the general characteristics of the policies of the court and the roles of the prelates in a changing society, but also allows for an analysis of the roles of the bishopric in different spheres of social and political life. I examine the roles of bishops and archbishops in the social context of Dalmatia and clarify the importance of their activities for the royal court of Hungary. Since the archbishops and bishops had influential positions in their cities, I also highlight the contradiction between their commitments to the cities on the one hand and the royal court on the other, and I examine the ways in which they managed to negotiate these dual loyalties. First, I describe the roles of the bishops in Dalmatian cities before the rule of the Árpád dynasty. Second, I present information regarding the careers of the bishops and archbishops in question. I also address aspects of the position of archbishop that were connected to the royal court. I focus on the role of the prelates in the royal entourage in Dalmatia, their importance in the emergence of the cult of the dynastic saints, and their role in shaping royal policy in Dalmatia. -
Pavlovic, Aleksandar (2012) from Traditional to Transitional Texts
Aleksandar Pavlović From Traditional to Transitional Texts: Montenegrin Oral Tradition and Vuk Karadžić’s Narodne srpske pjesme Supervisors: Dr David Norris, Dr Vladimir Zorić Thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Southeast European Studies, February 2012 CONTENTS Acknowledgements ……..…………………………………………………………………… 3 Introduction …….......……………………………………………………………………….. 4 Chapter 1. The Concepts of Oral Traditional, Transitional and Nontraditional Texts ……..…...… 56 Chapter 2. Genuine Oral Traditional Songs in Narodne srpske pjesme ……...…………………….. 114 Chapter 3. Transitional Texts about the Battles against Mehmet Pasha .......…………………….... 169 Chapter 4. Between Traditional and Nontraditional Texts: The Songs of Đuro Milutinović .......... 228 Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………………… 261 Bibliography ……………………………………………………………………………… 280 1 ABSTRACT This thesis analyses the influence of literate culture on the corpus of Montenegrin oral epic songs published in Vuk Karadžić’s edition of Narodne srpske pjesme from 1823 to 1833. The Introduction places the research in the scholarly context of the Parry-Lord theory of oral composition, later analyses of transitional texts that contain both oral traditional and literary characteristics, and recent interest in the entire process of transcription, edition and publication of songs belonging to the oral tradition. This is followed by an outline of facts relevant to the social and political history of Montenegro, its epic tradition and earliest -
Being an Ottoman Vlach
OTAM, 34/Güz 2013, 115-161 Being an Ottoman Vlach: On Vlach Identity (Ies), Role and Status in Western Parts of the Ottoman Balkans (15th-18th Centuries) Bir Osmanlı Eflakı Olmak: Osmanlı Balkanlarının Batı Bölgelerinde Eflak Kimliği, Görevi ve Vaziyetine Dair (15.-18. Yüzyıllar) Vjeran Kursar* Abstract Following the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans, the Vlachs, still a largely nomadic and semi-nomadic population, made special arrangements with the conquerors. They served as a colonising force in newly conquered areas, manning auxiliary military units such as voynuks and martoloses, etc. In exchange, the Ottomans granted the Vlachs wide exemptions and autonomies that made them significantly different from the ordinary subject population – re‘âyâ. During the course of time, with centralisation and changes to state structure, the economic system and military organisation occurring, many of the services that the Vlachs used to provide for the Ottomans, became superfluous. As a result, the 1520’s saw the beginning of Vlach sedentarisation and a reduction of their privileges. By the end of the 16th century, these privileges resulted in the majority of Vlachs’ social standing being equalled to that of the filuricis, and later with ordinary re‘âyâ peasants. The Vlach response to the pressure of the state was threefold: (1) rebellion and migration to enemy territory, (2) acceptance of new realities and the loss of Vlach quality, and (3), assimilation with the “ruling people” by means of Islamisation. The 18th century, on the other hand, witnessed the rise of “conquering Orthodox merchants,” originally Vlachs, who distinguished themselves through wealth acquired in international trade. -
Plemena U CG | Prezimena U CG Vabić, Baošići, Herceg-Novi
Program | Uprava | O nama | Reagovanja, pisma... | Plemena u CG | Prezimena u CG V Vabić, Baošići, Herceg-Novi; u Nikšiću Vavis, Podgorica Vavić, u Kruševicama, Herceg-Novi; u Nikšiću Vaga, Herceg-Novi Vagas, i, Kotor 1350. god. Vagner, Herceg-Novi Vadić, Herceg-Novi, po nahočetu Vadotić, Podgorica Vadjon, Berane i Budva Vajat, Nikšić Vajdić, Herceg-Novi Vajzović, Pljevlja 1854. god. Vajmeš, u Šekularima (Vasojevići) Vajmeši u Šekularima (Gornji Vasojevići) su Drobnjaci! Vajmeši i Babići su Ćetkovi potomci. Vajmeši su: Pantovići sa ogrankom Aleksići (prezime), Markovići, Ivovići, Milunovići, Devići, Miloševići sa Nedovićima, Radoševići i Đorđijevići. Vajmeši su i Stijovići (Brunčevići, Brunci) koji su ranije živjeli u Budimlji. Babići su: Babići, Đorovići, Tomovići i Mlađenovići. Slave Đurđevdan, a prislužuju sv. Iliju. Ovim bratstvima su rod Asovići iz Donje Ržanice i Šekularci iz Gornjih Sela. Izvor/ prenijeto iz knjiga: Blaža Ralevića – Kaludra 1676 – 1976, Beograd 1976, i Mirka Raičevića – Gornja sela, naselja i stanovništvo, Beograd 1994. Vajner, Kotor Vakleš, u Kotoru Vaknituki, Kotor Vala, Herceg-Novi Valac Gornjevuk, predak bratstva Gornjevuka u Dobrskom Selu Valengino, Herceg-Novi Valentin, Ulcinj Valentinović, Kotor 1534. god. Valentinčić, Kotor Valenčić, Kotor Valeri, Budva Valetić, Herceg-Novi Vales, Kotor Valijero, Kotor Valosenjori, u Šasu (Ulcinj) Valčić, Kotor; Budva Valšić, Kotor Valjato, u Baošićima, Herceg-Novi Valjari, rod u selu Bioskoj u Užičkoj Crnoj Gori Vamović, Bes, uz Skadarsko jezero, porijeklom su iz Bratonožića Vanacek, Kotor Vandup, kod Mojkovca Vanđević, u Kotoru iz Crne Gore Vanid, Herceg-Novi Vanis, vidi: Vano Vano = Vanis, Bar Vancek, Kotor Vaporić, Kotor Varaga, u Potarju (Mojkovac), potomci su saskih rudara iz 13. v. Varagić = Verović, iz limske doline preselili se oko 1700. -
Plemena U CG | Prezimena U CG
Program | Uprava | O nama | Reagovanja, pisma... | Plemena u CG | Prezimena u CG Đ Đadrić, Herceg-Novi Đaja, grana grupe Banovića iz Donjih Banjana (Nikšić). Od njih su u Dubrovniku, drugi u Risnu, ovi Đaje jesu ogranak Višnjića iz Golije (Nikšić), pa jedni zabelježeni i kao: Bjelanović; Kotor, ogranak Popovića iz Pipera, nastanjenih i u Risnu Đajić, Piva i Uzgori (Volujak), porijeklo iz Oraha (Trebinje), srodnici Majstorovića Đajići iz Pive (Stabna 1 kuća), ustaš iz Hercegovine; slava: sv. Nikola Đajko, i kao: Grljević, Bjeloši (Cetinje) Đajko (Grljevići), bratstvo u Bjelošima Đajković, Cetinje Đakit, vidi: Đokić Đakovac, Berane; Pljevlja Đaković, Kotor 1680. god.; Cetinje, doseljenici iz Karlovca (Hrvatska); Piva, grana Vojinovića, srodnici Šošovića i Boškovića, od njih su u Njegnjevu (Bijelo Polje). Od njih su u Bosni; Gornje Vasojeviće, ranije Fatić; Nikšić; Vrbovo i Kričak (Pljevlja) Đakovići iz Pive (Plužine 1 kuća), starosjedioci; slava: sv. Jovan Đakon, Podgorica Đakonović, Pobori (Budva) iz Stare Crne Gore. Odatle su jedni otišli u područne Reževiće, u Paštrovićima ranije Režević, Kaluđerac (Petrovac na Moru); Ulcinj 1887. god.; Kotor Đalac, Đalci (Rijeka Crnojevića); Mikovići (Paštrovići) "Đalac" (Mikovići), bratstvo u naselju Orahovu Đaletić, i kao: Đalević, Gornje Gostinje i Martinići (Bjelopavlići), ogranak Janjevića iz grupe Bubića; Nikšić Đalović, Bistrica, Vlah, Kostenice, Mirojevići, Pobreić i Sipanja (Bijelo Polje), porijeklo iz Korita. Od njih su u Drenovi (Trstenik) Đan = Đani, Štoj (Ulcinj) Đananin, Salč (Ulcinj) Đandić, Lepetane (Boka Kotorska), doseljenici iz Konavala; Risan Đanević, Herceg-Novi Đanin, Salč i Krute (Ulcinj) Đanica, Herceg-Novi i kao: Lasić Đanević, Igalo, Herceg-Novi Đapić, Nikšićko Prekovođe; Nikšić i područni: Studenca, Rastovac, Šipačno i Trepča (Nikšić). -
13 Zvezdan Folic
istorija ISTORIJSKI RAZVOJ VASOJEVIĆA 1700-1941. Zvezdan Folić Elaborating titled theme the author showed the history of the Montenegrin tribe Vasojevići through different occasions dur- ing 18, 19 and 20th century and their constant aspiration and struggle to connect with the state of Montenegro. Oslobodilačka borba crnogorskog naroda, odbijanje plaćanja poreza turskoj vlasti i nepovoljna spoljnopolitička konstelacija u kojoj se našlo Osmansko carstvo na izmaku XVII vijeka uslovi- li su da podlovćenska Crna Gora dočeka završetak Morejskog rata (1699) potpuno slobodna od turske vlasti. Ta slobodna teri- torija prostirala se između Lovćena, rijeka Zete i Morače, Skadarskog jezera i Paštrovačke gore.1 U većini ostalih crno- gorskih krajeva turska vlast je bila neznatno primjetna, a negđe se nije ni ośećala. Takav je slučaj bio u Lijevoj Rijeci, matici Vasojevića koji će vremenom izrasti u najveće crnogorsko pleme. Lijeva Rijeka se nalazi na razmeđi voda za Taru i 1 Živko M. Andrijašević i Šerbo Rastoder, Istorija Crne Gore od najstarijih vremena do 2003, Podgorica, 2006, 108. www. maticacrnogorska.me MATICA, Jesen 2009. 247 Zvezdan Folić Moraču, skoro na sredini puta Podgorica - Kolašin, nadomak Moračkom manastiru. Vasojevići u svojoj matici nijesu nikad plaćali porez, niti su dopuštali Turcima da slobodno koračaju na ovom terenu. Onemogućavan je i ulazak predstavnicima turskog upravnog sistema u Lijevu Rijeku. Više razloga, ponajviše eko- nomske prirode, uticali su da se jedan broj Vasojevića krajem XVII i početkom XVIII vijeka počne seliti iz svoje matice. Oni su se naseljavali u podnožju Komova i oko Andrijevice a zatim su se dobrim dijelom spuštali niz Lim i koncentrisali u As oko današnjih Berana. -
Red Cross of Montenegro Study on Work with Vulnerable Groups
RED CROSS OF MONTENEGRO 1875 RED CROSS OF MONTENEGRO STUDY ON WORK WITH VULNERABLE GROUPS - Experience of Managing Camp Konik - from 2003 to 2018 Publisher: Red Cross of Montenegro Design and printing: Studio Mouse Number of copies: 300 pieces Translated by: Nebojsa Bulatovic Creation of publication supported by the Italian Red Cross. 3 FOREWORD The publication represents the result of many years of work (from 2003 to 2018) of Red Cross of Montenegro with RE (Roma and Egyptians) population. They are the most endangered population on the territory of Montenegro that settled on the outskirts of the capital of Podgorica, particularly in the settlement Vrela Ribnička due to the war in Kosovo in the late 1990s. There was created the largest refugee camp on the territory of the Western Balkans under the name Kamp Konik from what was at that time a temporary shelter. Camp Konik started spontaneously to form in 1998/1999 when the people of Kosovo left their territory fleeing from the conflict. During that period Montenegro opened its borders for those who needed a refuge, while a number of them also had had relatives in our country. Thus, in 1998 and 1999 the camp started to settle and already in 2000 commenced con- struction of barracks due to the arrival of a larger number of citizens of Kosovo. Camp Konik was built consisted of Camp Konik 1 and Camp Konik 2 with about 4,000 inhabitants. Eighteen years later, parts of Camp Konik 1 are still there. Camp Konik 2 was closed in 2016, and most of the residents of Camp 1 moved into newly-built social housing during 2016 and 2017, with the rest of a small part of the inhabitants wait- ing for the construction of additional housing units for their accommodation.