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Crusading, the Military Orders, and Sacred Landscapes in the Baltic, 13Th – 14Th Centuries ______
TERRA MATRIS: CRUSADING, THE MILITARY ORDERS, AND SACRED LANDSCAPES IN THE BALTIC, 13TH – 14TH CENTURIES ____________________________________ A Thesis Presented to the School of History, Archaeology and Religion Cardiff University ____________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in History & Welsh History (2018) ____________________________________ by Gregory Leighton Abstract Crusading and the military orders have, at their roots, a strong focus on place, namely the Holy Land and the shrines associated with the life of Christ on Earth. Both concepts spread to other frontiers in Europe (notably Spain and the Baltic) in a very quick fashion. Therefore, this thesis investigates the ways that this focus on place and landscape changed over time, when crusading and the military orders emerged in the Baltic region, a land with no Christian holy places. Taking this fact as a point of departure, the following thesis focuses on the crusades to the Baltic Sea Region during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. It considers the role of the military orders in the region (primarily the Order of the Teutonic Knights), and how their participation in the conversion-led crusading missions there helped to shape a distinct perception of the Baltic region as a new sacred (i.e. Christian) landscape. Structured around four chapters, the thesis discusses the emergence of a new sacred landscape thematically. Following an overview of the military orders and the role of sacred landscpaes in their ideology, and an overview of the historiographical debates on the Baltic crusades, it addresses the paganism of the landscape in the written sources predating the crusades, in addition to the narrative, legal, and visual evidence of the crusade period (Chapter 1). -
Harvard Ukrainian Studies
HARVARD UKRAINIAN STUDIES Volume V Number 3 September 1981 : ‘: : : Ukrainian Research Institute Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts Copyright 1981, by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved ISSN 0363-5570 Published by the Ukrainian Research Institute of Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Printed by the Harvard University Printing Office Typography by Brevis Press, Cheshire, Conn. CONTENTS ARTICLES Intolerance and Foreign Intervention in Early Eighteenth- Century Poland-Lithuania 283 L. R. LEWITFER The Political Reversals of Jurij Nemyry 306 JANUSZ TAZBIR The Staging of Plays at the Kiev Mohyla Academy in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries 320 PAULINA LEWIN DOCUMENTS Ukrainian Hetmans’ Universaly 1678-1727 at the Lilly Library of Indiana University 335 BOHDAN A. STRUMINSKY NOTES AND COMMENT A Note on the Relationship of the Byxovec Chronicle to the Galician-Volhynian Chronicle 351 GEORGE A. PERFECKY The Origin of Taras Triasylo 354 GEORGE GAJECKY DISCUSSION Observations on the Problem of "Historical" and "Non- historical" Nations 358 IVAN L. RUDNYFSKY Some Further Observations on "Non-historical" Nations and "Incomplete" Literatures: A Reply 369 GEORGE 6. GRABOWICZ REVIEWS Bohdan S. Wynar, Doctoral Dissertations on Ukrainian Topics in English Prepared during the Years 1928-1978; Christine L. Gehrt Wynar, The Ukrainian American Index: The Ukrainian Weekly 1978 and 1979 Patricia Polansky 389 Leopold H. Haimson, ed., The Politics of Rural Russia: 1 905-1914 Bohdan Chomiak 390 Seppo Zetterberg, Die Liga der Fremdvölker Russlands, 1916-1918 Lawrence Wolff 393 Roy A. Medvedev, The October Revolution, trans. George Saunders R. C. Elwood 396 R. W. Davies, The Industrialization of Soviet Russia, vol. -
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania As a Successor of Rome in the Early
Open Political Science, 2018; 1: 170–181 Research Article Joanna Orzeł* From imagination to political reality? The Grand Duchy of Lithuania as a successor of Rome in the early modern historiography (15th–18th centuries)# https://doi.org/10.1515/openps-2018-0015 received December 17, 2018; accepted December 31, 2018. Abstract: At the beginning of the Renaissance Lithuanians understood that to join the civilization of Western Europe, it was necessary to have an appropriate (it means: very long) tradition. Like other countries, they had to create their own myth of origin. The most prestigious tradition was Greek-Roman antiquity, so the country’s origin story was invented, claiming its people descended directly from Rome. According to subsequent chronicles, the founder of the new state was Palemon (Publius Libon, initially Vilia). Using the theory of cultural memory of Jan and Aleida Assmann, the article presents how and why the Lithuanian myth of origin was transformed from 15th to the end of the 18th century. Particular attention was paid to the current needs of the state and the powerful noble families of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which also found their origins in the state myth. During the early modern period, the changes in the story were made (including the date of Palemon’s arrival in the Lithuanian lands). Nonetheless, the myth was not questioned for a long time. Even once it had already been established that it was no more than a fairy tale, the story was revived again, performing other functions in the 19th century. Keywords: cultural memory; foundation myth; mythical genealogy; Palemon; the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; Polish- Lithuanian historiography; Greco-Roman antiquity in early modern period. -
The Reconstruction of Nations
The Reconstruction of Nations The Reconstruction of Nations Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569–1999 Timothy Snyder Yale University Press New Haven & London Published with the assistance of the Frederick W. Hilles Fund of Yale University. Copyright © by Yale University. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections and of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers. Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Snyder, Timothy. The reconstruction of nations : Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, ‒ / Timothy Snyder. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN --- (alk. paper) . Europe, Eastern—History—th century. I. Title. DJK. .S .—dc A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. For Marianna Brown Snyder and Guy Estel Snyder and in memory of Lucile Fisher Hadley and Herbert Miller Hadley Contents Names and Sources, ix Gazetteer, xi Maps, xiii Introduction, Part I The Contested Lithuanian-Belarusian Fatherland 1 The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (–), 2 Lithuania! My Fatherland! (–), 3 The First World War and the Wilno Question (–), 4 The Second World War and the Vilnius Question (–), 5 Epilogue: -
Lithuanian Paths to Modernity
Lithuanian Paths to Modernity VYTAUTAS MAGNUS UNIVERSITY EGIDIJUS ALEKSANDRAVIČIUS Lithuanian Paths to Modernity UDK 94 Al-79 ISBN 978-609-467-236-1 (Online) © Egidijus Aleksandravičius, 2016 ISBN 978-9955-34-637-1 (Online) © Vytautas Magnus University, 2016 ISBN 978-609-467-237-8 (Print) © “Versus aureus” Publishers, 2016 ISBN 978-9955-34-638-8 (Print) To Leonidas Donskis 7 Table of Contents Preface / Krzysztof Czyżewski. MODERNITY AND HISTORIAN’S LITHUANIA / 9 Acknowledgements / 21 Part I: Before Down A Lost Vision: The Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Political Imagination of the 19th Century / 25 Hebrew studies at Vilnius University and Lithuanian Ethnopolitical tendencies in the First part of the 19th century / 39 The double Fate of the Lithuanian gentry / 57 Political goals of Lithuanians, 1863–1918 / 69 Associational Culture and Civil Society in Lithuania under Tsarist Rule / 87 The Union’s Shadow, or Federalism in the Lithuanian Political Imagination of the late 19th and early 20th centuries / 105 Part II: The Turns of Historiography The Challenge of the Past: a survey of Lithuanian historiography / 137 Jews in Lithuanian Historiography / 155 Lost in Freedom: Competing historical grand narratives in post-Soviet Lithuania / 167 8 LITHUANIAN PATHS TO MODERNITY Part III: The Fall, Sovietization and After Lithuanian collaboration with the Nazis and the Soviets / 195 Conspiracy theories in traumatized societies: The Lithuanian case / 227 Lithuanian routes, stories, and memories / 237 Post-Communist Transition: The Case of Two Lithuanian Capital Cities / 249 Emigration and the goals of Lithuania’s foreign policy / 267 Guilt as Europe’s Borderline / 281 9 Preface Krzysztof Czyżewski MODERNITY AND HISTORIAN’S LITHUANIA I worry about ‘progressive’ history teaching… The task of the historian is to supply the dimension of knowledge and narrative without which we cannot be a civic whole.. -
Adel Im Östlichen Europa. Zwischen Lokaler Identität, Region Und Europäischer Integration
10 DIGIOST Adel im östlichen Europa Zwischen lokaler Identität, Region und europäischer Integration Gisela Drossbach / Mark Hengerer (Hg.) Hengerer (Hg.) Adel im östlichen Europa Adel (Hg.) Hengerer / Drossbach Gisela Drossbach / Mark Hengerer (Hg.) Adel im östlichen Europa DigiOst Herausgegeben für Collegium Carolinum – Forschungsinstitut für die Geschichte Tschechiens und der Slowakei, München Herder-Institut für historische Ostmitteleuropaforschung – Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, Marburg Leibniz-Institut für Ost- und Südosteuropaforschung, Regensburg von Prof. Dr. Martin Schulze Wessel Prof. Dr. Peter Haslinger Prof. Dr. Ulf Brunnbauer Band 10 Gisela Drossbach / Mark Hengerer (Hg.) Adel im östlichen Europa Zwischen lokaler Identität, Region und europäischer Integration Verlag für wissenschaftliche Literatur Umschlagabbildung: Martin van Meytens d. H., „Die Familie des Grafen Nikolaus Pálffy von Erdöd“, © Belvedere, Wien, Foto: Johannes Stoll Satz: Arpine Maniero, München DigiOst – Band 10 Herausgegeben vom Collegium Carolinum Forschungsinstitut für die Geschichte Tschechiens und der Slowakei Hochstraße 8 D–81669 München ▶ www.collegium-carolinum.de im Auftrag des Fachrepositoriums für Osteuropastudien OstDok ▶ www.ostdok.de Bereitgestellt und langzeitarchiviert durch die Bayerische Staatsbibliothek DOI: 10.23665/DigiOst/CC-10 Gisela Drossbach / Mark Hengerer (Hg.): Adel im östlichen Europa. Zwischen lokaler Identität, Region und europäischer Integration. Berlin 2021. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.23665/DigiOst/CC-10 Creative Commons Namensnennung – Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International ISBN 978-3-7329-0663-5 ISBN E-Book 978-3-7329-9318-5 ISSN 2513-0927 © Frank & Timme GmbH Verlag für wissenschaftliche Literatur Berlin 2021. Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Herstellung durch Frank & Timme GmbH, Wittelsbacherstraße 27a, 10707 Berlin. Printed in Germany. Gedruckt auf säurefreiem, alterungsbeständigem Papier. www.frank-timme.de Vorwort............................................................................................................. -
At the Foundations of Narbutt's Vision of Lithuania and the Relations
res historica 47, 2019 DOI: 10.17951/rh.2019.47.157-179 Paweł sierżęga (University of rzeszów) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6774-4096 at the Foundations of Narbutt’s Vision of Lithuania and the relations Between Poland and Lithuania U podstaw Narbuttowskiej wizji Litwy i stosunków polsko-litewskich Abstract Teodor Narbutt’s works on the history of Lithuania provoked ambivalent evaluations. On one hand the importance of the subject he undertook was emphasised, on the other hand, the author was reproached for deficiencies in methodology, which disqualified him as a historian. His research grew on the basis of interest in Lithuanian culture, it led to the search for autonomous properties of the Lithuanian statehood, emphasising differences proving the separateness of Lithuania and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania within the fra- mework of the Kingdom of Poland. The theses stated within the work have not withstood the test of time, they did not meet the social expectations. They were quickly verified by the political events of the second half of the 19th century. Although Narbutt’s works were criticised, they influenced the shape of Lithuanian culture. Key words: Teodor Narbutt, history of historiography, 19th century In this article I focus on the analysis of Polish and Lithuanian relations as seen in the works of Teodor Narbutt. They are in line with the studies on historical thought in the historiographical trend1. T. Narbutt focused almost 1 M.H. Serejski, Przeszłość a teraźniejszość. Studia i szkice historiograficzne, Wrocław– Warszawa–Kraków 1965, pp. 18–33; J. Maternicki, Historiografia i kultura historyczna. Studia i szkice, Warszawa 1990, pp. -
LIETUVOS ISTORIJOS METRAŠTIS 2018 Metai 1
LIETUVOS ISTORIJOS INSTITUTAS LIETUVOS ISTORIJOS METRAŠTIS 2018 metai 1 Vilnius 2018 Žurnalo leidybą finansavo LIETUVOS MOKSLO TARYBA PAGAL VALSTYBINĘ LITUANISTINIŲ TYRIMŲ IR SKLAIDOS 2016–2024 METŲ PROGRAMĄ Projekto finansavimo sutartis Nr. LIP-074/2016 Redakcinė kolegija: Egidijus ALEKSANDRAVIČIUS Rimvydas PETRAUSKAS Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas Vilniaus universitetas Jan JURKIEWICZ Edmundas RIMŠA Adomo Mickevičiaus universitetas Poznanėje Lietuvos istorijos institutas Zigmantas KIAUPA Jolita SARCEVIČIENĖ (sekretorė) Lietuvos istorijos institutas Lietuvos istorijos institutas Česlovas LAURINAVIČIUS Vladas SIRUTAVIČIUS Lietuvos istorijos institutas Lietuvos istorijos institutas Ingė LUKŠAITĖ Gintautas SLIESORIŪNAS (pirmininkas) Lietuvos istorijos institutas Lietuvos istorijos institutas Elmantas MEILUS (pirmininko pavaduotojas) Darius STALIŪNAS Lietuvos istorijos institutas Lietuvos istorijos institutas Jolita MULEVIČIŪTĖ Saulius SUŽIEDĖLIS Lietuvos kultūros tyrimų institutas Milersvilio universitetas Joachim TAUBER Šiaurės Rytų institutas Liuneburge Šio žurnalo straipsnių pavadinimai ir santraukos cituojami duomenų bazėse: Articles appearing in this journal are abstracted and indexed in: HISTORICAL ABSTRACTS. AMERICA: HISTORY AND LIFE. EBSCO Publishing ISSN 0202-3342 © Lietuvos istorijos institutas, 2018 © Straipsnių autoriai, 2018 LIETUVOS ISTORIJOS METRAŠTIS. 2018/1. VILNIUS, 2018. P. 111–142. ISSN 0202–3342 THE YEAR-BOOK OF LITHUANIAN HISTORY. 2018/1. VILNIUS, 2018 REDA GRIŠKAITĖ Lietuvos istorijos institutas TARP SENOSIOS IR NAUJOSIOS -
Sources of the National Museum of Lithuania
Nordisk Museologi 2001 • 1–2, s. 193–203 Sources of the 193 National Museum of Lithuania Zygintas Bucys ”Not all yet understand the true meaning of the Museum, thinking that it is something like Valhala, where morality and genius must be exalted. Not all yet understand that Archæology, trying to avoid empty inducements, today’s passions, is not obliged to flatter a nation’s pride. By collecting monuments of all that was alive and interesting in the past, history is given the right to evaluate, praise or condemn. In the faces of ancestors it is not looking for beauty, but likeness”.1 The first museum in Lithuania – the Vilnius Museum of Antiquities – was established almost a hundred and fifty years ago (1855) according to this statement of belief by of one of the most famous researchers of Lithuanian culture in mid-19th century, Adam Kirkor. Despite the difficult circumstances during the museum was named the National Museum occupation by Czarist Russia, the museum of Lithuania. was established as a national museum, and In 1855 when the Museum of Antiquities throughout its history it had to endure vari- was established the independent Lithuanian ous calamities: the removal of a major part of state was already only an episode from the its collections to Russia, the abolition of the past inscribed in the cultural memory. How- museum and the dissipation of its collections. ever it had not been completely deleted, rather Only in 1952 through the efforts of the fa- it was being continuously restored in prepa- mous historian of Lithuanian culture, Vincas ration for the realisation of the historical fact Zilenas, was the structure of the Museum of in a political life that was at least minimally Antiquities recreated on the basis of a part of independent. -
000 Z Zyczliwasci 2017-09-02
Katedra Białorutenistyki Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego „Çú çû÷ëèâîñòè êó ìîåè îò÷èçíå”: Tom pamiątkowy dedykowany Profesorowi Mikołajowi Timoszukowi Redakcja naukowa Nina BARSZCZEWSKA i Mikałaj CHAUSTOWICZ Warszawa 2017 2 Recenzenci: Jerzy GORDZIEJEW (Uniwersytet Jagielloński ) Liudmila SINKOVA (Białoruski Uniwersytet Państwowy ) Tatciana RAMZA ( Białoruski Uniwersytet Państwowy ) Beata SIWEK (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II ) Korekta tekstów w języku angielskim Angela E SPINOSA RUIZ Projekt graficzny okładki Paweł K URZA Na tylnej stronie okładki: Wojszki. Kaplica św. Michała Archanioła z 1865 r. Skład i łamanie Halina ŻARKO Publikacja dofinansowana przez Komitet Badań Naukowych © Copyright by Katedra Białorutenistyki Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego 2017 ISBN 978-83-60951-26-2 Wydawca: Katedra Białorutenistyki Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego ul. Szturmowa 4, 02-678 Warszawa tel. /fax (22) 55 34 244 http://www.kb.uw.edu.pl e-mail: [email protected] Druk i oprawa: SOWA Sp. z o.o. ul. Raszyńska 13, 05-500 Piaseczno tel. (22) 431-81-40; fax (22) 431-81-50 3 Spis treści 7 Biografia profesora Mikołaja Timoszuka 11 Wykaz osiągnięć w pracy naukowo-badawczej prof. UW dr hab. Mikołaj Timoszuka 17 Nina Barszczewska, Projekt Kulturowo-językowe dziedzictwo Podlasia: Główne założenia i wnioski 33 Аляксандр Баршчэўскі, Беларускія нацыянальныя і культурныя дзеячы ў асвятленні газеты „Раніца” 47 Ванда Бароўка, Металітаратурны код у творах пісьменнікаў Беларусі ХІХ стагоддзя 55 Мікола Хаўстовіч , BIEŁARUSSKAJA CHRESTOMATIJA Браніслава Эпімаха- Шыпілы: -
01Acta Slavicasort.P65
14 FROM ETHNOCENTRIC TO CIVIC HISTORY: CHANGES IN CONTEMPORARY LITHUANIAN HISTORICAL STUDIES DARIUS STALIŪNAS One could analyze the changes that have taken place in Lithuanian historical writing over the past fifteen years in various ways. There is an institutional aspect to this question, namely how the creation of new, or the transformation of existing institutions, has affected developments in writing history.1 Another aspect of the issue concerns methodology; changes in the range of topics covered by historians, or in other words, the filling in of so-called “blank spaces”; and the relationship between mass historical consciousness and historiography. It is not feasible to deal with all these issues in a single article. Here we wish to draw attention to a well-known phenomenon whereby changes in historical paradigms are connected with changes in collective identity, be it national2 or European identity.3 Here we will concentrate on how attitudes to the object of Lithuanian historical study and Lithuanicity have changed over the past fifteen years in Lithuanian historical writing. If we wish to understand recent changes we must of course begin with a short review of earlier Lithuanian historical studies. 1 In the case of Lithuania it would be interesting to look at the effect of a particular kind of decentralization: practically speaking fifteen years ago historical research was carried out only in Vilnius, but now we have strong academic centres in the universities of Kaunas and Klaipėda and work has begun in Šiauliai University. When looking at Holocaust studies we should investigate to what extent they have been influenced by Lithuania’s Presidential Commission for the Investigation of War Crimes of the Nazi and Soviet Occupations. -
Vilniaus Senienų Muziejus Kova Dėl Istorijos: Vilniaus Senienų Muziejus (1855–1915)
Kova dėl istorijos: Vilniaus senienų muziejus Kova dėl istorijos: Vilniaus senienų muziejus (1855–1915) TARPTAUTinė mokslinė KONFERENCIJA (1855–1915) Vilnius, 2015 m. gegužės 7–8 d. Mokslo straipsnių rinkinys LIETUVOS NACIONALINIS MUZIEJUS Vilnius, 2015 UDK 903/904:069(474.5-25)(091) Ko-529 Turinys / Contents Knygos leidimą rėmė Pratarmė / Foreword .................................................................................................................................................................9 Vilniaus senienų muziejus (1855–1865): prioritetai ir kontekstai Lietuvos mokslo taryba (sutarties Nr. LIT-9-14) Vilnius Museum of Antiquities (1855–1865): Priorities and Contexts ŽYGINTAS BŪČYS „Bastionas nuo šiaurės vėtrų“: senienų užuovėjoje ..................................................................................................19 Lietuvos kultūros taryba (sutarties Nr. S/M21-55 (6.44)/2015) “A Bastion from North Winds”: In the Shelter of Antiquities LESZEK ZASZTOWT Sudarytojai Pomiędzy eksponowaną słowiańskością a skrywaną litewskością. Eustachy Tyszkiewicz dr. Reda Griškaitė, dr. Žygintas Būčys i jego wizja Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego..............................................................................................................29 Redakcinė kolegija Between the Exhibited Slavic and the Hidden Lithuanian Features: Eustachy Tyszkiewicz dr. Žygintas Būčys, dr. Reda Griškaitė, and His Vision of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania prof. dr. Aliaksandr Huzhalouski, Galina Koveneva, Birutė Kulnytė, doc. dr. Saulius