US 20140.107070A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2014/0107070 A1 Fefer et al. (43) Pub. Date: Apr. 17, 2014

(54) PARAFFINCOIL-IN-WATEREMULSIONS Publication Classification FOR CONTROLLING INFECTION OF CROP PLANTS BY FUNGAL PATHOGENS (51) Int. C. AOIN 27/00 (2006.01) (75) Inventors: Michael Fefer, Whitby (CA); Jun Liu, AOIN 43/56 (2006.01) Oakville (CA) AOIN 55/00 (2006.01) AOIN 43/653 (2006.01) (73) Assignee: SUNCOR ENERGY INC., Calgary, AB (52) U.S. C. (CA) CPC ...... A0IN 27/00 (2013.01); A0IN 43/653 (2013.01); A0IN 43/56 (2013.01); A0IN 55/00 (21) Appl. No.: 14/123,716 (2013.01) USPC ...... 514/63; 514/762: 514/383: 514/.407 (22) PCT Fled: Jun. 4, 2012 (57) ABSTRACT (86) PCT NO.: PCT/CA2O12/OSO376 This disclosure features fungicidal combinations that include S371 (c)(1), a paraffinic oil and an emulsifier. The combinations can fur (2), (4) Date: Dec. 3, 2013 ther include one or more of the following: pigments, silicone Surfactants, anti-settling agents, conventional fungicides Related U.S. Application Data such as demethylation inhibitors (DMI) and quinone outside (60) Provisional application No. 61/493,118, filed on Jun. inhibitors (Qol) and water. The fungicidal combinations are 3, 2011, provisional application No. 61/496,500, filed used for controlling infection of a crop plant by a fungal on Jun. 13, 2011. pathogen. Patent Application Publication Apr. 17, 2014 Sheet 1 of 6 US 2014/O107070 A1

FIGURE 1 Patent Application Publication Apr. 17, 2014 Sheet 2 of 6 US 2014/O107070 A1

FIGURE 2 Patent Application Publication Apr. 17, 2014 Sheet 3 of 6 US 2014/010707

FIGURE 3 Patent Application Publication Apr. 17, 2014 Sheet 4 of 6 US 2014/O107070 A1

FIGURE 4 Patent Application Publication Apr. 17, 2014 Sheet 5 of 6 US 2014/O107070 A1

FIGURE 5 Patent Application Publication Apr. 17, 2014 Sheet 6 of 6 US 2014/O107070 A1

FIGURE 6 US 2014/01 07070 A1 Apr. 17, 2014

PARAFFINCOIL-IN-WATEREMULSIONS Africa, the Middle East, and Asia, and threatening large num FOR CONTROLLING INFECTION OF CROP bers of people who are dependent on wheat for Sustenance. PLANTS BY FUNGAL PATHOGENS The rust fungus attacks the parts of the plant which are above ground. Spores that land on green wheat plants form a pustule CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED that invades the outer layers of the stalk. Where infection has APPLICATIONS occurred on the stem or leaf, elliptical blisters or pustules 0001. This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provi called uredia develop. Infected plants produce fewer tillers sional Application No. U.S. 61/493,118, filed Jun. 3, 2011, and set fewer seed. and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/496,500, filed Jun. 0005 Soybean rust is a disease that primarily affects soy 13, 2011, each of which is incorporated by reference in its beans and other legumes. It is caused by two species of fungi, entirety. Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Phakopsora meibomiae. Soy bean rust has been reported in Asia, Australia, Africa, South TECHNICAL FIELD America and North America. Soybean rust is spread by wind borne spores, which are released in cycles of seven days to 0002. This disclosure features combinations that include a two weeks. Yield losses can be severe with this disease and paraffinic oil. The combinations can further include (but are losses of 10-80% have been reported. not limited to) one or more of the following: one or more 0006 Multi-pronged approaches are desirable to address emulsifiers, one or more pigments, one or more silicone Sur the spread of fungal infection. A variety of preventative meth factants, one or more anti-settling agents, one or more con ods may be employed. For example, rust diseases are corre ventional chemical fungicides (e.g., a DMI or a QoI), and lated to relatively high moisture. Accordingly, avoidance of water. In some implementations, the combinations can be in overhead watering at night, using drip irrigation, reducing the form of a single composition (e.g., which is contained crop density, and the use of fans to circulate airflow may serve within a storage pack or a vessel (e.g., a tank) Suitable for to lower the relative moisture and decrease the severity of rust applying the composition to a plant, e.g., crop plant). Typi infection. cally, the composition is applied to a plant after dilution with 0007. Other strategies may include reducing the area of water. In other implementations, the combinations can the plant that the pathogen destroys, or slowing down the include two or more separately contained (e.g., packaged) spread of the fungus. Fungus-resistant plants may be used to compositions, each containing one or more of the above interrupt the disease cycle because many rusts are host-spe mentioned components. Said compositions can be combined cific. This approach has proven very successful in the past for and applied to a plant typically after dilution with water; or control of wheat stem rust; however, Ug.99 is currently viru each composition can be applied separately to the same plant lent against most wheat varieties. Currently, there are no either simultaneously or sequentially, and typically after dilu commercial Soybean varieties with resistance to soybean rust. tion with water. This disclosure also features methods of Accordingly, soybean rust is managed with fungicides. using the combinations for controlling infection of a crop 0008. In large agricultural operations, conventional syn plant by a fungal pathogen as well as methods of formulating thetic fungicides can be used to control fungal pathogens. combinations that include both oil and water as oil-in-water De-methylation inibitors (DMI) such tebuconazole (Foli (O/W) emulsions. curTM Bayer) and propioconazole (TiltTM) may be effective for the control of wheat stem rust, while tetraconazole BACKGROUND (DomarkTM, Valent) be effective for the control of soybean 0003 Rusts are plant diseases caused by fungal pathogens rust. Quinone Outside Inhibitors (QoI), Such as pyraclos of the order Pucciniales. Rusts can affect a variety of plants, trobin (HeadlineTM, BASF), may be effective for the control including monocotyledons and dicotyledons, as well as vari of soybean rust, while azoxystrobin (QuadrisTM) may be ous plant organs, including leaves, stems, fruits and seeds. effective for the control of wheat stem rust. Rust is typically observed as colored powdery pustules com 0009 Conventional fungicides are generally applied by posed off tiny spores that form on the lower plant organ air to the foliage as contact between the pathogen with the Surfaces. Common rust-causing fungal species include Gym fungicide is required for efficacy. This process can expensive nosporangium juniperi-virginianae (Cedar-apple rust) which and fungicide application is often reserved for seasons when attacks apple and pear and hawthorn; Cronartium ribicola foliar diseases are severe. Second, conventional fungicides (White pine blister rust); which attacks white pines and cur typically target specific sites of important pathogen proteins. rants; Hemileia vastatrix (Coffee rust) which attacks coffee Accordingly, strains may develop resistance to the fungicide plant; Puccinia graminis (wheat stem rust) which attacks after repeat applications. Third, the efficacy of conventional Kentucky bluegrass, barley, and wheat; Puccinia coronata chemical fungicides is not always satisfactory for some of the (Crown Rust of Oats and Ryegrass) which attacks oats; Pha diseases, such as Fusarium Head Blight (Scab). Finally, con kopsora meibomiae and P pachyrhizi (soybean rust) which ventional fungicides are generally not acceptable for use in attacks soybean and various legumes; Uromyces phaseoli organic farming. (Bean rust) which attacks bean; Puccinia hemerocallidis 0010. As an alternative approach to conventional chemical (Daylily rust) which attacks Daylily; Puccinia persistens fungicides, oil-in-water emulsions comprising paraffinic oils Subsp. triticina causes (wheat rust in grains, also known as (paraffinic oil-in-water emulsions) and paraffinic spray oils brown or red rust); P Sriiformis (yellow or stripe rust); have been used in turfgrass management practices for con Uromyces appendeculatus which attacks bean. trolling turfgrass pests (see, for example, Canadian Patent 0004. Wheat stem rust is caused by the fungus Puccinia Application 2.472,806 and Canadian Patent Application graminis and is a significant disease affecting cereal crops, 2,507,482). In addition, oil-in-water formulations compris particularly wheat (Triticum spp.) An epidemic of stem rust ing paraffinic oils and a pigment for controlling turfgrass on wheat caused by race Ug.99 is currently spreading across pests have been reported (see, for example, WO 2009/ US 2014/01 07070 A1 Apr. 17, 2014

155693). For example, Petro-Canada produces CIVITASTM, mended label rates, as well provide significant reduction in is a paraffinic oil-in-water emulsion that functions as a broad the dosage of the combinations described herein. spectrum fungicide and insecticide for use ongolf course turf 0013 In one aspect, combinations (e.g., fungicidal com and landscape ornamentals, used for example to control pow positions) are featured that include various combinations of a dery mildew, adelgids and webworms on landscape ornamen paraffinic oil-in-water emulsion with a pigment and/or a con tals (US EPA REG. NO. 69526-13). Product labeling indi ventional chemical fungicide, such as a DMI or a QoI, for cates that CIVITASTM may be applied as part of an alternating controlling infection of a crop plant (e.g., vascular crop) plant spray program or in tank mixes with other turfand ornamental by a fungal pathogen. In some implementations, two (or protection products; and that CIVITASTM may be used as a more) components of the combination (e.g., the paraffinic oil preventative treatment with curative properties for the control and one or more conventional chemical fungicides, such as a of many important diseases on turf, including fairways and DeMethylation Inhibitor (DMI) or a Quinone outside Inhibi roughs. tor (QoI) fungicide and/or the pigment) are present in amounts in which the combined effect of two (or more) com SUMMARY ponents is greater than the expected Sum of each components 0011. This disclosure features combinations that include a individual effect on controlling a fungal disease (e.g., wheat paraffinic oil. The combinations can further include (but are stem rust, soybean rust, leaf rust, stripe rust, fusarium head not limited to) one or more of the following: one or more blight, spot blotch, and Septoria complex in vascular crop emulsifiers, one or more pigments, one or more silicone Sur plants). In certain implementations, the paraffinic oil and factants, one or more anti-settling agents, one or more con conventional chemical fungicide are present in amounts that ventional chemical fungicides (e.g., a DMI or a QoI), and are synergistically effective when applied to a plant for con water. In some implementations, the combinations can be in trolling a fungal pathogen of the plant. the form of a single composition (e.g., which is contained 0014. In another aspect, uses are provided for combina within a storage pack or a vessel (e.g., a tank) Suitable for tions (e.g., fungicidal compositions) that include a paraffinic applying the composition to a plant, e.g., crop plant). Typi oil-in-water emulsion in controlling infection of a vascular cally, the composition is applied to a plant after dilution with plant by a fungal pathogen. The paraffinic oil-in-water emul water. In other implementations, the combinations can sion includes paraffinic oil and an emulsifier and can further include two or more separately contained (e.g., packaged) include any one or more of the components listed above. compositions, each containing one or more of the above 0015 The plant can be a crop plant. mentioned components. Said compositions can be combined 0016. The plant may be monocotyledonous. The mono and applied to a plant typically after dilution with water; or cotyledonous plant may be of the order Poaceae. The plant each composition can be applied separately to the same plant may be of the genus Triticum, Secale, Hordeum, Oryza, Zea. either simultaneously or sequentially, and typically after dilu or Elymus. The fungal pathogen may be of the order Puccini tion with water. This disclosure also features methods of ales. The fungal pathogen may be of the genus Puccinia. The using the combinations for controlling infection of a crop fungal pathogen may be of the species Puccinia graminis, plant by a fungal pathogen as well as methods of formulating Puccinia triticina, or Puccinia Sriiformis. The fungal patho combinations that include both oil and water as oil-in-water gen can also be Bipolaris Sorokiniana or Fusarium (O/W) emulsions. graminearum. 0012. It has been found that the combinations described 0017. The plant can be dicotyledonous. The plant can be of herein (e.g., combinations that include one or more conven the order Fabaceae. The plant can be of the species Glycine tional chemical fungicides, such as a DeMethylation Inhibi max. The fungal pathogen can be of the genus Phakopsora. tor (DMI) or a Quinone outside Inhibitor (QoI) fungicide, and The fungal pathogen can be Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Pha the components present in CIVITASTM/CIVITAS HARMO kopsora meibomiae. The plant can be of the genus Gos NIZERTM) are surprisingly effective in controlling fungal sypium. The fungal pathogen can be Phakopsora gossypii. diseases, including, e.g., wheat stem rust, soybean rust, leaf 0018. The paraffinic oil can include a paraffin having a rust, Stripe rust, fitsarium head blight, spot blotch, and Sep number of carbon atoms of from 12 to 50. The paraffin can toria complex in vascular crop plants. In some implementa have a number of carbon atoms of from about 16 to 35. The tions, the combined effect of two (or more) components of the paraffin can have an average number of carbon atoms of 23. combination (e.g., the paraffinic oil and one or more conven 0019. The paraffinic oil may have a paraffin content of at tional chemical fungicides, such as a DeMethylation Inhibi least 80%. The paraffinic oil may have a paraffin content of at tor (DMI) or a Quinone outside Inhibitor (QoI) fungicide least 90%. The paraffinic oil may have a paraffin content of at and/or the pigment) on controlling fungal disease is greater least 99%. than the expected sum of each components individual effect 0020. The paraffinic oil can be used in a range from 13 to on controlling a fungal disease (e.g., wheat stem rust, soybean 3200 oz/acre (i.e. 0.3 to 75 oz/1000 square feet). The paraf rust, leaf rust, stripe rust, fitsarium head blight, spot blotch, finic oil can be used in a range from 40 to about 640 oz/acre. and Septoria complex in vascular crop plants). In certain The oil-in-water emulsion can be used in a range from 2 to 50 implementations, the combined effect of the two (or more) gallons per acre for foliar application. The oil-in-water emul components present in the combinations described herein is a sion can be used in a range from 200 to 400 gallons per acre synergistic effect. The Examples illustrate that combined use for soil drench application or water-in application with irri of paraffinic oil with a pigment, a DMI fungicide, and ora QoI gation. fungicide provides an unexpected Synergistic response in the 0021. The combinations (e.g., fungicidal compositions) control of wheat stem rust, soybean rust, leaf rust, fitsarium can further include a demethylation inhibitor (DMI). The head blight, and spot blotch, in crop plants. In certain imple DMI may be tetraconazole, tebuconazole, propioconazole, mentations, the dosage of such conventional chemical fungi aZaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, cides can be reduced significantly, such as to 50% the recom difenoconazole, diniconazole, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, US 2014/01 07070 A1 Apr. 17, 2014

fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilaZole, flutriafol, hexa 0030 The ratio of the paraffinic oil-in-water emulsion to conazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, the combination of the pigment and the silicone surfactant can myclobutanil, penconazole, prothioconazole, Simeconazole, be from 32:1 to 4:1. triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, imazalil, Oxpocona 0031. The ratio of the paraffinic oil to the pigment can be Zole, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizole, fenarimol, nuari from about 5:1 to 100:1, such as 30:1). mol, triforine, or pyrifenox. The DMI can be tebuconazole, 0032. The weight ratio of the paraffinic oil to the emulsi and may be used in a range from about 0.02 to about 0.5 lb. fier can be from 10:1 to 100:1. ai/acre. The DMI may be propioconazole, and can be used in 0033. The weight ratio of the pigment to the silicone sur a range from about 0.01 to about 0.6 lb. ai./acre. The DMI can factant can be from 2:1 to 50:1. be tetraconazole, and may be used in a range from 0.015 to 0034. The weight ratio of the paraffinic oil to the conven 0.15 lb. ai./acre. The DMI can be prothioconazole, and may tional chemical fungicide can be from 2:1 to 10,000:1 be used in a range from 0.02 to 0.4 lb. ai./acre. 0035. The fungicidal composition can be applied to the 0022. The combinations (e.g., fungicidal compositions) root tissue of the plant. The application to the root tissue can can further include a Quinone outside Inhibitor (QoI). The be by soil drench. QoI may be azoxystrobin, enestrobin, picoxystrobin, pyra 0036. The compositions further include one or more anti clostrobin, trifloxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, metominostrobin, Settling agents. orysastrobin, famoxadonem, fluoxastrobin, fenamidone, or 0037. This disclosure also features combinations that pyribencarb. The QoI can be azoxystrobin, and may be used include a paraffinic oil and a QoI fungicide. The combinations in a range from 0.01 to 0.50 lb. ai./acre. The QoI can be can further include (but are not limited to) one or more of the pyraclostrobin, and may be used in a range from 0.02 to 0.40 following: one or more emulsifiers, one or more pigments, lb. ai./acre. one or more silicone surfactants, one or more anti-settling 0023 The combinations (e.g., fungicidal compositions) agents, and water. can further include an emulsifier (e.g., a natural or synthetic alcohol ethoxylate, an alcohol alkoxylate, an alkyl polysac DEFINITIONS charide, a glycerol oleate, a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropy 0038. As used herein, the term “oil-in-water emulsion” lene block copolymer, an alkyl phenol ethoxylate, a poly refers to a mixture in which one of the paraffinic oil and water meric Surfactant, a polyethylene glycol, a Sorbitan fatty acid (e.g., the paraffinic oil) is dispersed as droplets in the other ester ethoxylate, or a combination thereof). (e.g., the water). In some implementations, an oil-in-water 0024. The combinations (e.g., fungicidal compositions) emulsion is prepared by a process that includes combining the can further include a pigment (e.g., a polychlorinated (CuII) paraffinic oil, water, and any other components and the par phthalocyanine). affinic oil and applying shear until the emulsion is obtained 0025. The combinations (e.g., fungicidal compositions) (typically a white milky color is indicative of the formation of can further include a silicone Surfactant. an emulsion in the absence of any pigment; a green color is 0026. The combinations (e.g., fungicidal compositions) observed in the presence of a pigment). In other implemen can further include a pigment and a silicone surfactant. tations, an oil-in-water emulsion is prepared by a process that 0027. The combinations (e.g., fungicidal compositions) includes combining the paraffinic oil, water, and any other can further include a pigment, a silicone Surfactant, and an components in the mixing tank and sprayed through the emulsifier. nozzle of a spray gun. 0028. In certain implementations, the combinations (e.g., 0039. As used herein, the term “control a fungal pathogen fungicidal compositions) can further include an emulsifier of a plant’ or "control a disease caused by a fungal pathogen and a combination of a pigment and a silicone surfactant, and (and the like) means to diminish, ameliorate, or stabilize the the combined effect of the emulsifier, the paraffinic oil, the disease and/or any other existing unwanted condition or side pigment and the silicone Surfactant is greater than the effect that is caused by the association of a fungal pathogen expected Sum of each components individual effect on con with the plant. trolling infection by the fungal pathogen (e.g., the aforemen 0040. As used herein, the term “crop plant” refers to a tioned components can be present in amounts that, when non-Woody plant, which is grown, tended to, and harvested in applied to the plant, are synergistically effective at controlling a cycle of one year or less as source of foodstuffs and/or infection by the fungal pathogen). The pigment can be a energy. Examples of crop plants include, without limitation, polychlorinated (CuII) phthalocyanine. The pigment can be Sugar cane, wheat, rice, corn (maize), potatoes, Sugar beets, dispersed in water. The emulsifier can include a natural or barley, Sweet potatoes, cassava, Soybeans, tomatoes, legumes synthetic alcohol ethoxylate, an alcohol alkoxylate, an alkyl (beans and peas). polysaccharide, a glycerol oleate, a polyoxyethylene-polyox 0041. In certain implementations, the combinations, e.g., ypropylene block copolymer, an alkyl phenol ethoxylate, a fungicidal compositions, exhibit a synergistic response, for polymeric Surfactant, a polyethylene glycol, a Sorbitan fatty example in controlling a fungal pathogen in a crop plant. In acid ester ethoxylate, or a combination thereof. The pigment certain implementations, the combinations, e.g., fungicidal can be be dispersed in oil, and the emulsifier may include a compositions may be synergistic fungicidal compositions for natural or synthetic alcohol ethoxylate, a polymeric Surfac treating a fungal pathogen in crop plants. In selected imple tant, a Sorbitan fatty acid ester, or a combination thereof, and mentations, the fungicidal compositions may exhibit a syn the combination may further comprises a polyethylene glycol ergistic response, for example in controlling stem rusts in according to formula IV: crop plants. As for example is suggested by Burpee and Latin (Plant Disease Vol. 92 No. 4, April 2008, 601-606), the term “synergy”, “synergistic”, or the like, may refer to the interac 0029 wherein R1=H or CH2=CH-CH2 or COCH3; tion of two or more agents so that their combined effect is R2=H or CH2=CH-CH2 or COCH3; and f1. greater than the sum of their individual effects, this may US 2014/01 07070 A1 Apr. 17, 2014

include, in the context of the invention, the action of two or tion with water. This disclosure also features methods of more fungicidal agents in which the total response of a fungus using the combinations for controlling infection of a vascular to the fungicidal agent combination is greater than the Sum of crop plant by a fungal pathogen as well as methods of formu the individual components. Applying the approach to identi lating combinations that include both oil and water as oil-in fying synergy a set out in S. R. Colby, "Calculating synergis water (O/W) emulsions. tic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations'. 0050. I. Components Weeds 15, 20-22 (1967), expected efficacy, E, may be 0051 A Conventional Chemical Fungicides expressed as: E=X+Y(100-X)/100, where X is the efficacy, 0.052 The combinations include isomers such as geo expressed in 96 of the untreated control, of a first composition, metrical isomers, optical isomers based on asymmetric car and Y is the efficacy, expressed in % of the untreated control, bon, Stereoisomers and tautomers of the compounds of the second composition. described herein and are not limited by the description of the 0042. The details of one or more implementations of the compounds for the sake of convenience. combinations and methods described herein are set forth in 0053 (1) the accompanying description below. Other features and 0054. In some implementations, the conventional fungi advantages of the combinations and methods described cide is a DMI fungicide. herein will be apparent from the description and drawings, 0055. In certain implementations, the DMI fungicide is at and from the claims. least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of tetraconazole, tebuconazole, propioconazole, azaconazole, DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, 0043 FIG. 1 is an image of a leaf blade of a wheat plant diniconazole, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, displaying splotch blot disease after inoculation with Bipo fluquinconazole, flusilaZole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imi laris Sorokiniana without prior treatment with a fungicidal benconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, pen composition. conazole, prothioconazole, Simeconazole, triadimefon, tri 0044 FIG. 2 is an image of a leaf blade of a wheat plant adimenol, triticonazole, imazalil, Oxpoconazole, inoculated with Bipolaris Sorokiniana following foliar appli pefurazoate, prochloraZ, triflumizole, fenarimol, nuarimol, cation of a fungicidal composition comprising CivitasTM. triforine, and pyrifenox. HarmonizerTM. and FolicurTM seven days before inoculation. 0056. In certain implementations, the DMI fungicide is at 0045 FIG. 3 is an image of a leaf blade of a wheat plant least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of inoculated with Bipolaris Sorokiniana following soil drench tetraconazole, tebuconazole, and propioconazole. Tetracona application of a fungicidal composition comprising CivitasTM Zole can be obtained commercially, for example, as a product identified as DomarkTM (available from Valent). Tebucona and HarmonizerTM seven days before inoculation. Zole can be obtained commercially, for example, as a product 0046 FIG. 4 is an image of a leaf blade of a wheat plant identified as FolicurTM (available from Bayer CropScience). displaying splotch blot disease after inoculation with Puc Propioconazole can be obtained commercially, for example, cinia triticina without prior treatment with a fungicidal com in the product identified as QuiltTM (available from Syn position. genta). 0047 FIG. 5 is an image of a leaf blade of a wheat plant 0057. In other implementations, the DMI fungicides inoculated with Puccinia triticina following foliar applica described herein can be synthesized using conventional tech tion of a fungicidal composition comprising CivitasTM. Har niques known in the art of synthetic organic chemistry. monizerTM. and FolicurTM seven days before inoculation. 0.058 (2) 0048 FIG. 6 is an image of a leaf blade of a wheat plant 0059. In some implementations, the conventional fungi inoculated with Puccinia triticina following soil drench cide is a QoI fungicide. application of a fungicidal composition comprising CivitasTM 0060. In certain implementations, the QoI fungicide is at and HarmonizerTM seven days before inoculation. least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, trifloxystrobin, DETAILED DESCRIPTION coumoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enoxastrobin, famoxadone, 0049. This disclosure features combinations that include a fenamidone, fenaminostrobin, flufenoxystrobin, kresoxim paraffinic oil. The combinations can further include (but are methyl, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, pyraoxystrobin not limited to) one or more of the following: one or more picoxystrobin, pyrametastrobin, pyribencarb, and triclopyri emulsifiers, one or more pigments, one or more silicone Sur carb. factants, one or more anti-settling agents, one or more con 0061. In certain implementations, the QoI fungicide is at ventional chemical fungicides (e.g., a DMI or a QoI), and least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of water. In some implementations, the combinations can be in pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, and triflox the form of a single composition (e.g., which is contained ystrobin. within a storage pack or a vessel (e.g., a tank) Suitable for 0062. In certain implementations, the QoI fungicide is at applying the composition to a plant, e.g., crop plant). Typi least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of cally, the composition is applied to a plant after dilution with pyraclostrobin and azoxystrobin. water. In other implementations, the combinations can 0063. In certain implementations, the QoI fungicide is include two or more separately contained (e.g., packaged) methyl (2E)-2-[2-(3-butyl-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7- compositions, each containing one or more of the above yl)oxymethylphenyl-3-methoxyacrylate (coumoX mentioned components. Said compositions can be combined ystrobin): CAS No. 850881-70-8. and applied to a plant typically after dilution with water; or 0064. In certain implementations, the QoI fungicide is each composition can be applied separately to the same plant (E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-O-(2,5-xylyloxy)-o- either simultaneously or sequentially, and typically after dilu tolyl)acetamide (dimoxystrobin): CAS No. 149961-52-4. US 2014/01 07070 A1 Apr. 17, 2014

0065. In certain implementations, the QoI fungicide is mercially available, for example, as a product identified as enoxastrobin. In alternative implementations, the QoI fungi CompassTM (available from Bayer Environmental Science, cide may be, for example, (RS)-3-anilino-5-methyl-5-(4-phe 2T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, N.C. noxyphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione (famoxadone): CAS 27709). No. 131807-57-3. I0081. In other implementations, the QoI fungicides 0066. In certain implementations, the QoI fungicide is described herein can be synthesized using conventional tech (S)-1-anilino-4-methyl-2-methylthio-4-phenylimidazolin-5- niques known in the art of synthetic organic chemistry. one (fenamidone): CAS No. 161326-34-7. 0082 B. Paraffinic Oil 0067. In certain implementations, the QoI fungicide is I0083. The paraffinic oil confers properties (e.g., fungicidal fenaminostrobin. properties) that are useful for promoting the health of a plant 0068. In certain implementations, the QoI fungicide is (e.g., crop plant). While not wishing to be bound by theory, it flufenoxystrobin. is believed that the paraffinic oil is able to provoke an induced 0069. In certain implementations, the QoI fungicide is systemic resistance (ISR) response, a systemic acquired methyl (E)-methoxyimino C-(o-tolyloxy)-o-tolyl)acetate resistance (SAR), or other defense response in a plant. (kresoxim-methyl): CAS No. 143390-89-0. 0084. 1 0070. In certain implementations, the QoI fungicide is I0085. In some implementations, the paraffinic oil includes (E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-(2-phenoxyphenyl)ac an oil enriched in paraffin. etamide (metominostrobin): CAS No. 133408-50-1. I0086. In certain implementations, the paraffinic oil 0071. In certain implementations, the QoI fungicide may includes a paraffin having from 12 carbon atoms to 50 carbon be, for example, (2E)-2-(methoxyimino)-2-2- (3E.5E,6E)- atoms (e.g., 12 carbon atoms to 40 carbon atoms, 16 carbon 5-(methoxyimino)-4,6-dimethyl-2,8-dioxa-3,7-diazanona-3, atoms to 35 carbon atoms, 12 carbon atoms to 21 carbon 6-dien-1-yl)phenyl-N-methylacetamide (orysastrobin): atoms; e.g., 16 carbon atoms to 35 carbon atoms). CAS No. 248593-16-0. I0087. In certain implementations, the paraffinic oil 0072. In certain implementations, the QoI fungicide is includes aparaffin having an average number of carbonatoms methyl (2E)-2-(2-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-methylpyrazol-5- that is less than or equal to about 20 (e.g., 16). yl)oxymethylphenyl)-3-methoxyacrylate (pyraoxystrobin): I0088. In certain implementations, the paraffinic oil CAS No. 862.588-11-2. includes aparaffin having an average number of carbonatoms 0073. In certain implementations, the QoI fungicide is of from 16 to 30 e.g., 23 or 27). methyl (2E)-3-methoxy-2-(2-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridy I0089. In certain implementations, the paraffinic oil loxymethylphenylacrylate (picoxystrobin): CAS No. includes a paraffin having from 16 carbon atoms to 35 carbon 117428-22-5. atoms and an average number of carbon atoms of 23. 0074. In certain implementations, the QoI fungicide is 0090. In certain implementations, the paraffin is an isopar pyrametastrobin. affin (e.g., a synthetic isoparaffin manufactured from two 0075. In certain implementations, the QoI fungicide is stage Severe Hydrocracking/Hydroisomerization process). methyl 2-chloro-5-(1E)-1-(6-methyl-2-pyridylmethoxy 0091. In some implementations, a paraffin is present in the imino)ethylbenzyl carbamate (pyribencarb): CAS No. paraffinic oil in an amount, that is at least 80% (e.g., at least 7992.47-52-2. 90%, at least 99%). 0076. In certain implementations, the QoI fungicide is 0092 (2) triclopyricarb. 0093. In some implementations, the paraffinic oil has been 0077. In certain implementations, the QoI fungicide is refined to remove compounds that are associated with plant carbamic acid, 2-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl) injury, for example, aromatic compounds or compounds con oxymethyl-phenylmethoxy-methyl ester (pyraclos taining Sulfur, nitrogen, or oxygen. In certain implementa trobin). Pyraclostrobin may be commercially available, for tions, the paraffinic oil includes relatively low levels of aro example, as a product identified as InsigniaTM (available from matic compounds and/or compounds containing Sulfur, BASF Corporation, 26 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, nitrogen, or oxygen, e.g., less than 10 weight percent (less N.C. 27709). than 5 weight percent, less than 2 weight percent, less than 0.5 0078. In certain implementations, the QoI fungicide is weight percent) of aromatic compounds and/or compounds methyl (E)-2-(2-6-(2-cyano-phenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yloxyl containing Sulfur, nitrogen, or oxygen. phenyl-3-methoxy-acrylate (azoxystrobin). AZOxystrobin 0094 3 may be commercially available, for example, as a product 0.095 Non-limiting examples of suitable paraffinic oils identified as HeritageTM (available from Syngenta Crop Pro include, HT60, HT100, High Flash Jet, LSRD, and N65DW tection, Inc., Greensboro, N.C. 27409). (available from Petro-Canada, Calgary, AB, Canada). 0079. In certain implementations, the QoI fungicide is 0096 C Emulsifier (1E)-2-6-(2-chlorophenoxy)-5-fluoro-4-pyrimidinyl 0097. In some implementations, the combinations include oxyphenyl).5,6-dihydro-1,4,2-dioxazin-3-yl)methanone-O- both paraffinic oil, emulsifier, and water. It can be advanta methyloxime (fluoxastrobin). Fluoxastrobin may be com geous to store and/or apply Such combinations as oil-in-water mercially available, for example, as a product identified as (O/W) emulsions. DisarmTM (available from Arysta LifeScience North 0.098 Emulsions tend to be thermodynamically unstable America, LLC, 15401 Weston Parkway, Suite 150, Cary, N.C. due to excess free energy associated with the Surface of the 27513). dispersed droplets such that the particles tend to flocculate 0080. In certain implementations, the QoI fungicide is (clumping together of dispersed droplets or particles) and benzeneacetic acid, (E.E)-alpha-(methoxyimino)-2 ((((1-(3- Subsequently coalesce (fusing together of agglomerates into a trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethylidene)-amino)oxy)methyl)- larger drop or droplets) to decrease the Surface energy. If these methyl ester (trifloxystrobin). Trifloxystrobin may be com droplets fuse, the emulsion will “break” (i.e., the phases will US 2014/01 07070 A1 Apr. 17, 2014 separate) destroying the emulsion, which in Some cases can ylene (11) C16-C18 alcohol, a polyoxyethylene (20) C12 be detrimental to the storage shelf-life of the combinations. C15 alcohol, or any combination thereof. For example, the While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the natural or synthetic alcohol ethoxylate can be a polyoxyeth addition of one (or more) emulsifying agents or emulsifiers ylene (4 to 7) lauryl ether (C12), polyoxyethylene (10) cetyl can prevent or slow the “breaking of an emulsion. As the ether (C16), a polyoxyethylene (2 to 11) C12-C15 alcohol, a skilled artisan will appreciate, the type and concentration of a polyoxyethylene (3 to 9). C11-C14 alcohol, a polyoxyethyl particular emulsifying agent will depend, inter alfa, on the ene (9) C12-C14 alcohol, or any combination thereof. As emulsion phase components and the desired result. another example, the alcohol alkoxylate can be abutyl ether 0099 (1 polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene block copolymer. 0100. In some implementations, the emulsifier is a “fast 0110. In certain implementations, the emulsifier is (or break” or “quick break' emulsifier. While not wishing to be includes) an alkyl polysaccharide, e.g., a C8-C11 alky bound by theory, it is believed that a “fast break” or "quick lpolysaccharide or any combination thereof. break' emulsifier allows the paraffinic oil to be quickly 0111. In certain implementations, the emulsifier is (or released from the O/W emulsion upon application to the includes) a glycerol oleate, e.g., a glycerol mono-, di-, tri turfgrass for contact, e.g., with a fungal pathogen. When a oleate, or any combination thereof. “fast break” or “quick break' emulsifier is present in a suit 0112. In certain implementations, the emulsifier is (or able amount (for example a selected proportion or ratio with includes) a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block respect to the paraffinic oil), the resulting “fast break” or copolymer, e.g., a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block “quick break” O/W emulsion quickly releases the oil phase copolymer having a molecular weight (or relative molar upon application to the turfgrass. As such, there is less runoff mass) of from 1100 to about 11400 and 10 to 80% (ethylene of the O/W emulsion from the grass blades (as compared to oxide) EO. more stable O/W emulsions) resulting in more oil adhering to 0113. In certain implementations, the emulsifier is (or the turfgrass for a longer period of time to more effectively includes) an alkyl phenol ethoxylate, e.g., a nonyl phenol contact and control, e.g., associated fungal pathogen. In cer ethoxylate, a dodecyl phenol ethoxylate, or any combination tain implementations, the oil phase resides on the turfgrass for thereof. For example, the nonyl phenol ethoxylate can be a a period of not less than one hour. In certain implementations, polyoxyethylene (2 to 8) nonylphenol. the oil phase resides on the turfgrass for a period of from not 0114. In certain implementations, the emulsifier is (or less than 1 hour but not more than 30 days. In certain imple includes) a polymeric Surfactant, e.g., a graft copolymer, a mentations, the “fast break” or "quick break” emulsion may random copolymer, or any combination thereof. For example, be, for example, an emulsion having an oil phase that, after the graft copolymer can be a polymethacrylic acid and acry mixing with water, is reconstituted in 0.5 to 15 minutes late with polyoxyethylene chains. For example, the random according to the following test: copolymer can be a random copolymer having ester and ether 0101 1. Fill 100 mL graduated cylinder with tap water. groups. 0102 2. Add 1 mL of emulsified oil. 0.115. In certain implementations, the emulsifier is (or 0103) 3. Invert graduated cylinder 5 times. includes) a polyethylene glycol, e.g., a polyethylene glycol 0104 4. Using a stop watch and human observation, mea having a molecular weight (“MW) (or relative molar mass) sure how long it takes for the oil phase to reconstitute after of from 200 to 8000, e.g., MW 400 PEG dioleate; or MW600 inversion (step 3). PEG dioleate. 0105. In some implementations, the oil phase is reconsti 0116. In certain implementations, the emulsifier is (or tuted in from 2 minutes to 5 minutes according to the test includes) a Sorbitan fatty acid ester ethoxylate, e.g., polyoxy described above. In some instances, the “fast break” or "quick ethylene (20) sorbitan tristearate, polyoxyethylene (20) sor break” property of the O/W emulsion is balanced with the bitan monooleate, polyoxyethylene (5) Sorbitan monooleate, need to provide an O/W emulsion with a suitable shelf life polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan trioleate, or any combination under Suitable storing conditions, and for a suitable time thereof. For example, the sorbitan fatty acid ester can be a frame. Sorbitan tristearate, a Sorbitan triolate, or any combination 01.06 2. thereof. 0107. In some implementations, the emulsifier is (or 0117. In certain implementations, the emulsifier is (or includes) one (or more of the following) a natural or synthetic includes) an alkyl phenol ethoxylate, a mixture of an ethoxy alcohol ethoxylate, an alcohol alkoxylate, an alkyl polysac lated alcohol and a glycerol oleate, or any combination charide, a glycerol oleate, a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropy thereof. lene block copolymer, an alkyl phenol ethoxylate, a poly 0118. In certain implementations, the emulsifier is (or meric Surfactant, a polyethylene glycol, a Sorbitan fatty acid includes) a mixture of an ethoxylated alcohol and a glycerol ester ethoxylate, or any combination thereof. oleate, e.g.: a C10 to C16 alcohol ethoxylate and a glycerol 0108. In certain implementations, the emulsifier is (or oleate combination; or polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, C10 to includes) a natural or synthetic alcohol ethoxylate, a poly C16 alcohol ethoxylates, and glycerol oleate; or ethoxylated meric Surfactant, a Sorbitan fatty acid ester, or any combina alcohols having primary C5-C20 carbon chains with an aver tion thereof. age of about 2 to about 7 ethoxylation groups, and a glycerol 0109. In certain implementations, the natural or synthetic oleate; or a polyoxyethylene (11) C16-18 alcohol. alcohol ethoxylate is a polyoxyethylene (4 to 12) lauryl ether 0119. In certain implementations, the emulsifier is (or (C12), polyoxyethylene (10) cetyl ether (C16), polyoxyeth includes) a Sorbitan tristearate. ylene (10) stearyl ether (C18), polyoxyethylene (10) oleyl I0120 Non-limiting examples of suitable emulsifiers ether (C18 mono-unsaturated), a polyoxyethylene (2 to 11) include AL3149 (available from Uniqema), AL3313 (avail C12-C15 alcohol, a polyoxyethylene (3 to 9) C11-C14 alco able from Uniqema), PC Emuls Green (available from Petro hol, a polyoxyethylene (9) C12-C14 alcohol, a polyoxyeth Canada, Calgary, AB, Canada), LutensolTM AT11 (available US 2014/01 07070 A1 Apr. 17, 2014

from BASF), SPAN65 (available from Uniqema), and 0.139. In certain implementations, the silicone surfactant is S-MAZTM65 K (available from BASF). (or includes) a silicone polyether of the formula I: 0121 3 0122. In some implementations, the weight ratio of the paraffinic oil to the emulsifier is from 10:1 to 500:1 (e.g., from 98:2 to 99.9:0.1, from 98:2 to 99.5:0.5). By way of example, the weight ratio of the paraffinic oil to the emulsifier can be 95:5, 98:2, 98.5:1.5, 99:1, 99.5:0.5. t t (0123 D Pigment ch--0--0 –o Si(CH3)3 0124. In some implementations, the combinations can CH3 CH3 CH3 include one (or more) pigments. The pigments can provide color to the plant being treated (e.g., turfgrass)and/or in some implementations, the pigment(s) and the paraffinic oil can exhibit a greater than additive effect in promoting the health of a plant (e.g., controlling a fungal pathogen of a plant; see, in which R is H, CH or COCH; x is 1 to 24; and n is 0 or a 1. for example, WO 2009/155693). 0140. In certain implementations, the silicone surfactant is 0125. In some implementations, the pigment is a water (or includes) a silicone polyether of the formula I wherein based pigment dispersion. R—H; X=1 to 24; and n=0; e.g., a silicone polyether of the 0126. In some implementations, the pigment is an oil formula I wherein n=0; x=1-24; the average x=8-10; and based pigment dispersion. R. H. 0127. In some implementations, the pigment is a phthalo 0.141. In certain implementations, the silicone surfactant is cyanine compound. (or includes) a silicone polyether of the formula I wherein 0128. In certain implementations, the pigment is a metal R—H; X=1 to 24; and na1. free phthalocyanine compound. In certain implementations, the pigment is a halogenated, metal-free phthalocyanine, e.g., 0142. In certain implementations, the silicone surfactant is a polychlorinated metal-free phthalocyanine. (or includes) a silicone polyether of the formula I wherein 0129. In certain implementations, the pigment is a metal R=CH: X=1 to 24; and n=0. phthalocyanine compound. 0143. In certain implementations, the silicone surfactantis 0130. In certain implementations, the pigment is a copper phthalocyanine. (or includes) a silicone polyether of the formula I wherein 0131. In certain implementations, the copper phthalocya R—CH: X=1 to 24; and na1. nine is a non-halogenated copper phthalocyanine, e.g., a non 0144. In certain implementations, the silicone surfactantis chlorinated copper phthalocyanine. As an example, the pig (or includes) a silicone polyether of the formula I wherein ment can be Phthalocyanine Blue BN (CAS 147-14-8). R—COCH; X=1 to 24; and n=0; e.g., a silicone polyether of 0.132. In certain implementations, the copper phthalocya the formula I wherein n=0; x=1-24, the average x=8-10; and nine is a halogenated copper phthalocyanine. As an example, R=COCH. the pigment can be Phthalocyanine Green 6G (CAS 14302 13-7). As another example, the pigment can be polychlori 0145. In certain implementations, the silicone surfactant is nated (CuII) phthalocyanine, such as Phthalocyanine Green (or includes) a silicone polyether of the formula I wherein G (CAS 1328–45-6 and 1328-53-6). R—COCH; X=1 to 24; and na1. 0133. Non-limiting examples of suitable pigments include 0146 In certain implementations, the silicone surfactant is SunsperseTM Green 7 (Pigment Green 7 dispersed in water, (or includes) an H-capped dimethyl methyl (polyethylene available from Sun Chemical Corp. Performance Pigments oxide) silicone polymer; e.g., having a molecular weight (or Cincinnati, Ohio, USA), SunsperseTM EXP006-102 and 006 relative molar mass) from 200 to 6000. 95B (Pigment Green 7 dispersed in oil, available from Sun Chemical Corp. Performance Pigments, Cincinnati, Ohio, 0.147. In certain implementations, the silicone surfactant is USA), and Pigment Green 7powder (available from Hercules (or includes) a silicone polyether of the formula II: Exports, Mumbai, India). 0134 E Silicone Surfactant (II) 0135) In some implementations, it can be advantageous to CH3 CH2CH2CH2O(CH2CH2O).H further include one (or more) silicone surfactants in combi nations that further include one or more pigments. (CH)Si-O-(SiO)-Si-O-Si(CH) 0136 (1) CH3 CH3 0.137 In some implementations, the silicone surfactant is (or includes) a silicone polyether. 0.138. In certain implementations, the silicone surfactant is wherein c=2-16; and b=2-70. In certain implementations, the (or includes) a silicone polyether having a suitable alkoxy average b–44. In certain implementations, the average c=10. group with hydrogen end groups (H-capped), methyl end In certain implementations, the average b–44, and the aver groups (CH-capped), or acetyl end groups (COCH capped). In certain implementations, the silicone Surfactant is age c=10. (or includes) atrisiloxane having a Suitable alkoxy group with 0.148. In certain implementations, the silicone surfactant is hydrogen end groups (H-capped), methyl end groups (CH (or includes) an H-capped trisiloxane. Such as a silicone poly capped), or acetyl end groups (COCH-capped). ether of the formula III: US 2014/01 07070 A1 Apr. 17, 2014

0160. In certain implementations, the polyethylene glycol is (or includes) a polyethylene glycol of the formula IV wherein R'=CH=CH-CH, and R—H. 0.161 Non-limiting examples of suitable polyethylene glycols may include Polyglykol A500 (available from Clari CH3 ant). 0162. In certain implementations, the silicone surfactant wherein d=1-24. In certain implementations, d=1-20. In cer includes from 10 to 30 weight percent of a polyethylene tain implementations, the average d=8-10 (e.g., 8). glycol as described anywhere herein. 0149. In certain implementations, the silicone surfactant is (0163 (3) (or includes) a silicone copolyol, containing a hydrogen end 0164. Non-limiting examples of suitable silicone surfac group and one pendant polyethylene oxide group and has an tants may include SylgardTM 309 (available from Dow Corn average molecular weight between about 600 to about 1000 ing, Midland, Mich., USA), SilfsurftMA008-UP (available Daltons. In certain implementations, the silicone Surfactant is from Siltech Corp. Toronto, ON, Canada), Lambent MFF 199 (or includes) a trisiloxane with an ethoxylated alkyl group SW (available from Lambent Technologies Corp., Gurnee, having a hydrogen end group (H-End); e.g., having a number Ill., USA), and Lambent MFF 159-100 (available from Lam of ethoxylation groups in the range of 1-20. In certain imple bent Technologies Corp., Gurnee, Ill., USA). mentations, the silicone Surfactant the silicone Surfactant is 0.165 FAnti-Settling Agent (or includes) a methyl (propylhydroxide, ethoxylated)bis(tri 0166 In some implementations, the combination can methylsiloxy) silane; e.g., a dimethyl, methyl (polyethylene include one (or more) “anti-settling agents, which reduce the oxide) silicone polymer. likelihood of having Solids Suspended in a dispersion from O150 2. settling out under the influence of gravity. 0151. In some implementations, commercial preparations 0167. In some implementations, the anti-setting agent is of the silicone surfactants may or may not contain Small (or includes) a metal oxide and/or an organically modified amounts of polyethylene glycols (PEG) or other low molecu clay. lar weight polydimethyl siloxanes (PDMS). 0.168. In some implementations, the anti-setting agent is 0152. In some implementations, the silicone surfactant (or includes) a metal oxide. further includes a polyethylene glycol. 0169. In certain implementations, the anti-setting agent is 0153. In certain implementations, the polyethylene glycol (or includes) a fumed metal oxide and/or a precipitated metal is (or includes) a polyethylene glycol of the formula IV: oxide. 0170 In certain implementations, the anti-setting agent is (or includes) one or more of the following forms of silica: 0154 wherein R'—H or CH=CH-CH or COCH: precipitated silica (e.g., an untreated, precipitated silica) or R’—H or CH=CH-CH or COCH; and fel. fumed silica (e.g., an untreated, fumed silica). As used herein, 0155. In certain implementations, the polyethylene glycol the term “untreated fumed silica', or the like, is used to refer has a relatively low molecular weight, e.g. from 300 Daltons to a hydrophilic fumed silica. As used herein, the term to 1500 Daltons. In certain implementations, the polyethyl “treated fumed silica”, or the like, is used to refer to a hydro ene glycol is a low molecular weight polyethylene glycolallyl phobic fumed silica. ether, Such as a low molecular weight polyethylene glycol 0171 In some implementations, the anti-settling agent is mono-allyl ether having an average molecular of from about (or includes) an organically modified clay. In certain imple 300 to about 600 Daltons and having from 1 to 20 moles of mentations, the anti-setting agentis (or includes) one or more ethylene glycol with an average ethylene oxide unit (EO) of 8 of the following organically modified clays: an organically to 10. modified Smectite clay, an organically modified hectorite 0156. In certain implementations, the polyethylene glycol clay, an organically modified bentonite clay, an organically is (or includes) a polyethylene glycol of the formula IV modified montmorillonite clay and an organically modified wherein R'—CH=CH-CH R—H, and f-1-20 with an attapulgite clay. average f=8, a polyethylene glycol of the formula IV wherein 0172. In certain implementations, the organically modi R=CH=CH-CH or COCH, and R—COCH, a poly fied clay is activated by a chemical activator. ethylene glycol of the formula IV wherein R'=CH=CH 0173. In certain implementations, the chemical activator CH, and R=H, or any combination thereof. includes a low-molecular-weight polar organic compound, 0157. In certain implementations, the polyethylene glycol e.g., a least one compound selected from the group consisting is (or includes) a polyethylene glycol of the formula IV of a low-molecular weight ketone, a low-molecular weight wherein R'—CH=CH-CH or COCH, and alcohol and propylene carbonate. R=COCH, a polyethylene glycol of the formula IV 0.174. In certain implementations, the chemical activator wherein R'—CH=CH-CH, and R—H, or any combi includes water and at least one compound selected from the nation thereof. group consisting of a low-molecular weight ketone, a low 0158. In certain implementations, the polyethylene glycol molecular weight alcohol and propylene carbonate. is (or includes) a polyethylene glycol of the formula IV 0.175. In certain implementations, the chemical activator wherein R'=CH=CH-CH R—H, and f=1-20 with an includes a low-molecular weight ketone; or a low-molecular average f8. weight ketone and water (Such as a low molecular weight 0159. In certain implementations, the polyethylene glycol ketone and water in a weight ratio of 95/5). An example of a is (or includes) a polyethylene glycol of the formula IV low-molecular weight ketone is acetone. wherein R'—CH=CH-CH or COCH, and 0176). In certain implementations, the chemical activator R—COCH, includes a low-molecular weight alcohol; or a low-molecular US 2014/01 07070 A1 Apr. 17, 2014

weight alcohol and water (such as a low-molecular weight positions in the field of crop protection and/or components alcohol and water in a weight ratio of 95/5). Examples of that are inert (e.g., may not materially affect the activity low-molecular weight alcohols include methanol or ethanol. and/or overall performance of the combinations) and/or one 0177. In certain implementations, the chemical activator or more other active components that are other than conven includes propylene carbonate; or propylene carbonate and tional chemical fungicides (e.g., the combinations contain water (such as, propylene carbonate and water in a weight less than 0.5%, less than 0.2, less than 0.1, less than 0.05% ratio of 95/5). (w/w or w/v), do not include a detectable amount of one or 0178 GWater more other components that are customary additives or adju 0179. In some implementations, the combinations can fur vants for the preparation of compositions in the field of turfor ther include water. field crop protection and/or components that are inert (e.g., 0180. In some implementations, the pigment is dispersed may not materially affect the activity and/or overall perfor in water before it is added to the remaining components of the mance of the combinations) and/or one or more other that are combination (typically water is 1:1 weight percent with with other than conventional chemical fungicides. pigment), resulting in, e.g., the presence of 3 parts per weight 0.190 II. Non-Limiting Combinations of Components of water in the combination. 0191) A Combinations that Include a Single Composi 0181. In some implementations, the combinations can fur tion ther include water, e.g., as a diluent, e.g., as a diluent added (0192 (1) prior to application of the combinations to a plant (e.g., a 0193 In some implementations, the combinations can be turfgrass). in the form of a single composition (e.g., contained within a 0182. In some implementations, the combinations can fur storage pack or a vessel Suitable for applying the composition ther include both sources of water described above. to a plant, e.g., turfgrass). These compositions are sometimes 0183 In some implementations the water is distilled water referred to herein (without limitation, e.g., as to quantity or and/or other waters having a low mineral electrolyte content. application mode) as a 1-pack formulations or concentrates in 0184 HOther Components the absence of water for dilution. 0185. In some implementations, the combinations further 0194 In some implementations, the composition includes include one or more other components that are customary one (or more) paraffinic oils, which can include any one or additives or adjuvants for the preparation of compositions in more of the features described in any one or more of sections the field of crop protection and/or components that are inert IB1, IB2, and IB3 above. (e.g., may not materially affect the activity and/or overall 0.195. In some implementations, the combination further performance of the combinations) and/or one or more other includes (but is not limited to) one or more of the following: active components. As an example, the combinations can 0.196 (ii) one (or more) conventional chemical fungicides, further include customary additives or adjuvants that may be which can include any one or more of the features described present in a commercially available conventional chemical in any one or more of sections IA 1 and/or ILA2 fungicide. (e.g., one or more DMI fungicides and/or one or more QoI 0186. In some implementations, the combinations include fungicides); only combinations of the components set forth is sections. A 0.197 (iii) one (or more) emulsifiers, which can include through Gabove. any one or more of the features described in any one or more 0187. In certain implementations, the combinations do not of sections IC1, ICI2, and IC3 above; include one or more other components that are customary 0198 (iv) one (or more) pigments which can include any additives or adjuvants for the preparation of compositions in one or more of the features described in section ID above: the field of crop protection and/or components that are inert 0199 (v) one (or more) silicone surfactants, which can (e.g., may not materially affect the activity and/or overall include any one or more of the features described in any one performance of the combinations) and/or one or more other or more of sections II E1. IE2, and I E3 above: active components that are other than conventional chemical 0200 (vi) one (or more) anti-settling agents, which can fungicides. include any one or more of the features described in section 0188 In certain implementations, the combinations are ID above; and free of one or more other components that are customary 0201 (vii) one (or more) components described in section additives or adjuvants for the preparation of compositions in IIH. the field of crop protection and/or components that are inert 0202 In some implementations, the composition includes (e.g., may not materially affect the activity and/or overall (i) and (iii). performance of the combinations) and/or one or more other 0203. In some implementations, the composition includes active components that are other than conventional chemical (i), (iii), and (vi). fungicides; (e.g., the combinations contain less than 5%, less 0204. In some implementations, the composition includes than 4%, less than 3%, less than 2%, less than 1% (w/w or (i), (iii), (iv), and (V). w/v) of one or more other components that are customary 0205. In some implementations, the composition includes additives or adjuvants for the preparation of compositions in (i), (iii), (iv), (v), and (vi). the field of turf or field crop protection and/or components 0206. In some implementations, the composition includes that are inert (e.g., may not materially affect the activity (i), (ii), and (iii). and/or overall performance of the combinations) and/or one 0207. In some implementations, the composition includes or more other active components that are other than conven (i), (ii), (iii), and (vi). tional chemical fungicides. 0208. In some implementations, the composition includes 0189 In some implementations, the combinations are sub (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), and (V). stantially free of one or more other components that are 0209. In some implementations, the composition includes customary additives or adjuvants for the preparation of com (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), and (vi). US 2014/01 07070 A1 Apr. 17, 2014

0210 2 Concentrates remaining components. In certain implementations, a sili 0211. In some of the implementations described in section cone Surfactant and/or emulsifier and/or anti-settling agent IIIA 1, one or more of the following applies: can be included. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it 0212 (2-a) the weight ratio of paraffinic oil to the emulsi is believed that the addition of these components can provide fier is from 10:1 to 500:1 (e.g., from 45:1 to 55:1, e.g., 49:1, an intermolecular hydrophilic and lipophilic balance within 50:1); the fungicidal formulation so as to Substantially prevent the 0213 (2-b) the weight ratio of paraffinic oil to the pigment polychlorinated Cu (II) phthalocyanine from separating out is from 5:1 to 100:1 (e.g., from 25:1 to 35:1, e.g., 28:1,30:1): of Suspension during application, e.g., to a turfgrass. 0214 (2-c) the weight ratio of pigment to the silicone 0228. In some of the implementations described in section surfactant is from 2:1 to 50:1 (e.g., from 3:1 to 6:1, e.g., IIA1, the composition includes the components present 4.5:1); in CivitasTM 1-pack and those present in commercially avail 0215 (2-d) the weight ratio of paraffinic oil to the conven able conventional chemical fungicides described anywhere tional chemical fungicide (e.g., one or more DMI fungicides herein. and/or one or more QoI fungicides) is from 2:1 to 10000:1 0229 (3) (e.g., from 100:1 to 160:1; from 90:1 to 120:1, e.g., 111:1, 0230. In some of the implementations described in sec 110:1; from 130:1 to 150:1, e.g., 139:1, 140:1). tions III A1 and IIIA2, the composition further 0216. In certain implementations, (2-a) applies; or (2-a). includes water. In certain implementations, weight percent (2-b) and (2-c) apply; or (2-b), and (2-c) apply. In certain ratio of the undiluted composition to water is from 1:1 to implementations, (2-d) further applies to any one of the 1:100 (e.g., from 1-50, 1-30, 1-20, 1-15). In certain imple above-listed combinations of (2-a), (2-b) and (2-c). mentations, the weight percent of the paraffinic oil in the 0217. In some of the implementations described in section diluted compositions is from 2-50 weight percent (e.g., 15%). IIIA 1, one or more of the following applies: In certain implementations, the composition is in the form of 0218 (2-aa) the concentrate includes from 50 to 300 parts an oil in water emulsion as described anywhere herein. per weight (e.g., 200-300, e.g., 260; e.g., 50-150, e.g., 100) 0231. In some implementations, the pigment is dispersed parts per weight of the paraffinic oil; in water for addition to the other components of the combi 0219 (2-bb) the concentrate includes from 1 to 10 parts nations described herein. In certain implementations, a sili per weight (e.g., 3-7, e.g. 5; e.g., 1-5, e.g., 1.9, e.g. 2) parts cone Surfactant and/or emulsifier and/or anti-settling agent per weight of the emulsifier; can be included, e.g., to stabilize the pigment in the oil/water 0220 (2-cc) the concentrate includes from 1 to 15 parts based combination. per weight (e.g., 7-11, e.g., 9; e.g., 2-5, e.g., 3.5) parts per 0232 For example, polychlorinated Cu (II) phthalocya weight of the pigment; nine can be dispersed in a water to provide about 40% poly 0221 (2-dd) the concentrate includes from 0.1 to 10 parts chlorinated CU (II) phthalocyanine (SUNSPERSE(R) per weight (e.g., 0.5-1, e.g., 0.8, e.g., e.g., 2-5, e.g., 3.1) parts GREEN 7, available from Sun Chemical Corp. Performance per weight of the silicone Surfactant; Pigments, Cincinnati, Ohio USA) prior to mixing with the 0222 (2-ee) the concentrate includes from 0.5 to 20 parts remaining components. In certain implementations, a sili per weight (e.g., 6-10, e.g., 8: e.g., 2-5, e.g., 3.1) parts per cone Surfactant and/or emulsifier and/or anti-settling agent weight of the anti-settling agent; or can be included. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it 0223 (2-ff) the concentrate includes from 0.01 to 10 parts is believed that the addition of these components can provide per weight (e.g., 0.5-1, e.g., 0.8, e.g., e.g., 1-3, e.g., 2) parts an intermolecular network so as to Substantially prevent the per weight of the conventional chemical fungicide. polychlorinated Cu (II) phthalocyanine from separating out 0224. In certain implementations, (2-aa) and (2-bb) apply: of Suspension during application, e.g., to a turfgrass. or (2-cc) and (2-dd) apply; or (2-aa), (2-bb), and (2-ff) apply: 0233 B Combinations that Include Two or More Com or (2-cc), (2-dd), and (2-ff) apply; or (2-aa), (2-bb), (2-cc), positions and (2-dd) apply, or (2-aa), (2-bb), (2-cc), (2-dd), and (2-ff) 0234 1 apply. In certain implementations, (2-ee) further applies to 0235. In some implementations, the combinations include each of the above-listed implementations. two or more separately contained (e.g., packaged) composi 0225. In some implementations, any one or more of the tions, each containing one or more of the components features described in one or more of (2-a) and (2-d) can be described in sections IA-IIF and IIIH). These imple combined with any one or more of the features described in mentations are sometimes referred to (as appropriate and one or more of (2-aa) and (2-ff). without limitation, e.g., as to quantity or application mode) as 0226. In some implementations, the pigment is dispersed 2-pack and 3-pack formulations, compositions, or concen in compatible oil, e.g., a paraffinic oil, e.g., the same paraf trates in the absence of water for dilution. finic oil as is used to provide the fungicidal properties as 0236. In some implementations, the combinations include described herein, for addition to the other components of the a first and separately contained composition and a second and combinations described herein. In certain implementations, a separately contained composition, in which: silicone surfactant and/or emulsifier and/oranti-settling agent 0237 (1) the first and separately contained composition can be included, e.g., to stabilize the pigment in the oil-based includes: combination. 0238 one (or more) paraffinic oils, which can include 0227. For example, polychlorinated Cu (II) phthalocya any one or more of the features described in any one or nine can be dispersed in a paraffinic oil, such as N65DW more of sections 1B 1, 1B 2, and 1B 3 (available from Petro-Canada) to provide about 18% poly above; chlorinated CU (II) phthalocyanine (SUNSPERSE(R) EXP 0239 one (or more) conventional chemical fungicides, 006-102, available from Sun Chemical Corp. Performance which can include any one or more of the features Pigments, Cincinnati, Ohio USA) prior to mixing with the described in any one or more of sections I A 1 US 2014/01 07070 A1 Apr. 17, 2014

and/or I A2 (e.g., one or more DMI fungicides 0260 one (or more) pigments, which can include any and/or one or more QoI fungicides); and one or more of the features described in section ID 0240 one (or more) emulsifiers, which can include any above; and one or more of the features described in any one or more 0261 one (or more) silicone surfactants, which can of sections IC1, IC 2, and IC 3 above: include any one or more of the features described in any and one or more of sections II E1. IE 2, and IE 0241 (2) the second and separately contained composi 3 above. tion includes: 0242 one (or more) pigments, which can include any 0262. In some implementations, the combinations include one or more of the features described in section ID a first and separately contained composition and a second and above and separately contained composition, in which: 0243 one (or more) silicone surfactants, which can 0263 (1) the first and separately contained composition include any one or more of the features described in any includes: one or more of sections II E1, IE 2, and IE 0264 one (or more) paraffinic oils, which can include 3 above. any one or more of the features described in any one or 0244. In some implementations, the combinations include more of sections IB 1. I B2, and IB 3 a first and separately contained composition and a second and above; and separately contained composition, in which: 0245 (1) the first and separately contained composition 0265 one (or more) emulsifiers, which can include any includes: one or more of the features described in any one or more 0246 one (or more) paraffinic oils, which can include of sections IC1, IC 2, and IC 3 above: any one or more of the features described in any one or 0266 (2) the second and separately contained composi more of sections II B1. I B2, and IB 3 tion includes: above; 0267 one (or more) pigments, which can include any 0247 one (or more) emulsifiers, which can include any one or more of the features described in section ID one or more of the features described in any one or more above; and of sections IC1, IC 2, and IC 3 above: 0248 one (or more) pigments, which can include any 0268 one (or more) silicone surfactants, which can one or more of the features described in section ID include any one or more of the features described in any above; one or more of sections II E1, IE 2, and IE 0249 one (or more) silicone surfactants, which can 3 above. include any one or more of the features described in any 0269. In some implementations, the combinations include one or more of sections II E1, IE 2, and IE a first and separately contained composition, a second and 3 above; and separately contained composition, and a third and separately 0250 one (or more) anti-settling agents, which can contained composition, wherein: include any one or more of the features described in 0270 (1) the first and separately contained composition section ID above; and includes: 0251 (2) the second and separately contained composi 0271 one (or more) paraffinic oils, which can include tion includes: any one or more of the features described in any one or 0252 one (or more) conventional chemical fungicides, more of sections II B1. I B2, and IB 3 which can include any one or more of the features above; and described in any one or more of sections II. A 1 and/or I A2 (e.g., one or more DMI fungicides 0272 one (or more) emulsifiers, which can include any and/or one or more QoI fungicides). one or more of the features described in any one or more 0253) In some implementations, the combinations include of sections IC1, IC 2, and IC 3 above: a first and separately contained composition and a second and and separately contained composition, in which: 0273 (2) the second and separately contained composi 0254 (1) the first and separately contained composition tion includes: includes: 0274 one (or more) pigments, which can include any 0255 one (or more) paraffinic oils, which can include one or more of the features described in section ID any one or more of the features described in any one or above and more of sections IB1, 1B2, and IB 3 above; and 0275 one (or more) silicone surfactants, which can 0256 one (or more) emulsifiers, which can include any include any one or more of the features described in any one or more of the features described in any one or more one or more of sections II E1, IE 2, and IE of sections IC1, IC 2, and IC 3 above: 3 above; and 0257 (2) the second and separately contained composi 0276 (3) the third and separately contained composition tion includes: includes: 0258 one (or more) conventional chemical fungicides, 0277 one (or more) conventional chemical fungicides, which can include any one or more of the features which can include any one or more of the features described in any one or more of sections described in any one or more of sections I A 1 0259 IA 1 and/or I A2 (e.g., one or more DMI and/or I A2 (e.g., one or more DMI fungicides fungicides and/or one or more QoI fungicides); and/or one or more QoI fungicides). US 2014/01 07070 A1 Apr. 17, 2014

0278. 2 Component Amounts in Combinations Having 0297. In some implementations, any one or more of the Two or More Composition (Concentrates) features described in one or more of (2-aaa) and (2-ddd) can 0279. In some of the implementations described in section becombined with any one or more of the features described in IIIB 1, one or more of the following applies: one or more of (2-aaaa) and (2-ffff). 0280 (2-aaa) the weight ratio of paraffinic oil to the emul 0298. In some of the implementations described in section sifier is from 10:1 to 500:1 (e.g., from 45:1 to 55:1, e.g., 49:1, IIIB1), the second composition can further include water 50:1); (e.g., resulting in a dispersion of the pigment in the water). 0281 (2-bbb) the weight ratio of paraffinic oil in a com 0299. In some of the implementations described in section position to the pigment (in the same or a different composi IIIB1), the first and second composition include the com tion) is from 5:1 to 100:1 (e.g., from 25:1 to 35:1, e.g., 28:1, ponents present in CivitasTM 2-pack (CivitasTM/Harmo 30:1); nizerTM 16:1) and those present in commercially available 0282 (2-ccc) the weight ratio of pigment to the silicone conventional chemical fungicides described anywhere surfactant is from 2:1 to 50:1 (e.g., from 3:1 to 6:1, e.g., herein. 4.5:1); 0300. In some of the implementations described in section 0283 (2-ddd) the weight ratio of paraffinic oil in a com IIIB1), the first and second composition include the com position to the weight ratio of paraffinic oil to the conven ponents present in CivitasTM 2-pack (CivitasTM/Harmo tional chemical fungicide (e.g., one or more DMI fungicides nizerTM 16:1), and the third composition includes the compo and/or one or more QoI fungicides) in the same or a different nents present in commercially available conventional composition is from 2:1 to 10,000:1 (e.g., from 100:1 to chemical fungicides described anywhere herein. 160:1; from 90:1 to 120:1, e.g., 111:1, 110:1; from 130:1 to 0301 3 150:1, e.g., 139:1, 140:1). 0302) In some of the implementations described in sec 0284. In certain implementations, (2-aaa) applies; or tions IIIB 1 and IIIB 2, each of the compositions, (2-aaa), (2-bbb) and (2-ccc) apply; or (2-bbb), and (2-ccc) independently, further includes water. In certain implemen apply. In certain implementations, (2-ddd) further applies to tations, the combination of compositions (concentrates) any one of the above-listed combinations of (2-aaa), (2-bbb) described above are combined and diluted with water ((e.g., and (2-ccc). spray volume of the diluted end product is 5 to 50 gal/acre, 0285. In some of the implementations described in section e.g., 10 to 20 gal/acre). In certain implementations, oil in the IIIB 1, one or more of the following applies: end product is from 80 to 640 oz/acre (other components can 0286 (2-aaaa) the composition (concentrate) includes be calculated based on ratio with oil). from 50 to 300 parts per weight (e.g., 100) parts per weight of 0303 CAs the skilled artisan will appreciate, the weight the paraffinic oil; percent of a given component(s) can vary, e.g., due to dilution 0287 (2-bbbb) the composition (concentrate) includes with water or whether the combination is in the form of a from 1 to 10 parts per weight (e.g., 1.9, e.g., 2) parts per single composition or two or more separately contained com weight of the emulsifier; positions. In some implementations, the weight ratio of any 0288 (2-cccc) the composition (concentrate) includes two or more components is essentially the same regardless of from 1 to 10 parts per weight (e.g., 3.5) parts per weight of the whether the combination is in the form of a single composi pigment; tion (diluted with water or undiluted) or in the form two or 0289 (2-dddd) the composition (concentrate) includes more separately contained compositions (diluted with water from 0.1 to 10 parts per weight (e.g., 0.8) parts per weight of or undiluted). In the latter case, this can be achieved by the silicone Surfactant; adjusting the component amounts in each of the separately 0290 (2-eeee) the composition (concentrate) includes contained compositions to match, for example, a weight per from 0.5 to 20 parts per weight (e.g., 3.1) parts per weight of cent ratio employed in single composition combination. the anti-settling agent; or 0304 III. Application of Combinations 0291 (2-ffff) the composition (concentrate) includes from 0305. In general, the combinations can be applied to the 0.01 to 10 parts per weight (e.g., 0.8) parts per weight of the plant by conventional methods known in the art, e.g., spray conventional chemical fungicide (e.g., one or more DMI fun ing, misting, sprinkling, pouring, or any other Suitable gicides and/or one or more QoI fungicides). method. The compositions may be reapplied as required. 0292. In certain implementations, (2-aaaa) and (2-bbbb) 0306 In some implementations, the combinations include apply; or (2-aaaa) through (2-eeee) apply; or (2-ffff) applies; both paraffinic oil and water. It is advantageous to apply Such or (2-cccc), (2-dddd), and (2-ffff) apply; or (2-cccc) and combinations as oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. In some (2-dddd) apply. implementations, an oil-in-water emulsion is prepared by a 0293. In certain implementations, (2-aaaa) through process that includes combining the paraffinic oil, water, and (2-eeee) apply in a composition (concentrate), and (2-ffff) any other components and the paraffinic oil and applying applies in another composition (concentrate). shear until the emulsion is obtained. In other implementa 0294. In certain implementations, (2-aaaa) and (2-bbbb) tions, an oil-in-water emulsion is prepared by a process that apply in a composition (concentrate), and (2-cccc), (2-dddd), includes combining the paraffinic oil, water, and any other and (2-ffff) apply in another composition (concentrate). components at the nozzle of a spray gun. 0295. In certain implementations, (2-aaaa) and (2-bbbb) 0307. In other implementations, the combinations can apply in a composition (concentrate), and (2-cccc) and include two or more separately contained (e.g., packaged) (2-dddd) apply in another composition (concentrate). compositions, each containing one or more of the above 0296. In certain implementations, (2-aaaa) through mentioned components. Said compositions can be combined (2-eeee) apply in a composition (concentrate), (2-cccc) and and applied to a plant (e.g., crop plant) with or without prior (2-dddd) apply in a second composition (concentrate), and dilution with water, or each composition can be applied sepa (2-ffff) applies in a third composition (concentrate). rately to the same plant (e.g., crop plant) either simulta US 2014/01 07070 A1 Apr. 17, 2014

neously or sequentially, and each independently applied with attacks, for example, wheat; bean rust which attacks, for or without prior dilution with water. example, bean: Daylily rust, which attacks, for example, Day 0308. In the above-described implementations, applica lily; wheat rust in grains, also known as “brown' or “red tion of any one (or more) compositions can be repeated one or rust'): 'yellow' or “stripe rust', which attacks, for example, more times. wheat; spot blotch, which attacks, for example, wheat; and 0309. In some implementations, any one or more of the Fusarium head blight, which attacks, for example, wheat. following can apply: 0310 the paraffinic oil is applied to a plant (e.g., crop 0320 In alternative implementations, the fungal pathogen plant) at a rate from 80 to 640 oz/acre (e.g., from 100 may be, for example, a fungus that blights leaf tissue in a crop oz/acre to 400 oz/acre); plant. In selected implementations, the crop plant pathogenis 0311 the paraffinic oil is used or applied to the plant the fungal pathogen Gymnosporangium juniperi-virgini (e.g., crop plant) 1 to 10 times during growing season anae, and the disease may be, for example, cedar-apple rust. until harvest, with intervals greater or equal to 7 days; In alternative implementations, the crop plant pathogen is the 0312 conventional chemical fungicide (e.g., one or fungal pathogen Cronartium ribicola, and the disease may be, more DMI fungicides and/or one or more QoI fungi for example, white pine blister rust. In selected implementa cides) is applied to a plant (e.g., crop plant) at a rate from tions, the crop plant pathogen is the fungal pathogen, and the 0.01 lbs/acre to 1.50 lbs/acre; disease may be, for example, coffee rust. In alternative imple 0313 DMI fungicide (e.g., propioconazole) is applied mentations, the crop plant pathogen is the fungal pathogen to a plant (e.g., crop plant) at a rate from 0.015 lbs/acre Puccinia graminis, and the disease may be, for example, to 0.6 lbs/acre (e.g., from 0.060 lbs/acre to 0.25 lbs/ wheat stem rust. In selected implementations, the crop plant acre); or a rate from (e.g., tebuconazole, prothiocona pathogen is the fungal pathogen Puccinia coronata, and the zole) 0.02 to about 0.45 lbs./acre; or at a rate from (e.g., disease may be, for example, crown rust. In alternative imple tetaconazole) 0.015 to about 0.15 lbs./acre; mentations, the crop plant pathogen is the fungal pathogen 0314 QoI fungicide is applied to a plant (e.g., crop Phakopsora meibomiae or Phakospora pachyrhizi, and the plant) at a rate from 0.01 lbs/acre to 0.50 lbs/acre (e.g., disease may be, for example, soybean rust. In alternative azoxystrobin); or a rate from 0.02 lbs/acre to 0.40 lbs/ implementations, the crop plant pathogen is the fungal patho acre (e.g., pyraclostrobin); or a rate from and gen Uromyces phaseoli, and the disease may be, for example, 0315 conventional chemical fungicide (e.g., one or bean rust. In selected implementations, the crop plant patho more DMI fungicides and/or one or more QoI fungi cides) is used or applied to the plant 1 to 5 times during gen is the fungal pathogen Puccinia hemerocallidis, and the growing season until harvest, with intervals greater or disease may be, for example, Daylily rust. In alternative equal to 14 days. implementations, the crop plant pathogen is the fungal patho 0316. In certain implementations, the interval rates for the gen Puccinia persistens Subsp. triticina, and the disease may paraffinic oil and the conventional chemical fungicide (e.g., be, for example, brown rust or red rust. In selected implemen one or more DMI fungicides and/or one or more QoI fungi tations, the crop plant pathogen is the fungal pathogen Puc cides) overlap (e.g., when tank-mixed and applied at the same cinia Sriiformis, and the disease may be, for example, yellow time). In other implementations, the interval rates for the rust or strip rust. In alternative implementations, the crop paraffinic oil and the conventional chemical fungicide (e.g., plant pathogen is the fungal pathogen Uromyces appendecu one or more DMI fungicides and/or one or more QoI fungi latus, and the disease may be, for example, bean rust. In cides) do not overlap (e.g., when applied separately and/or selected implementations, the crop plant pathogen is the fun sequentially). gal pathogen Puccinia triticina, and the disease may be, for 0317. In some implementations, the combinations example, leaf rust. In alternative implementations, the crop described herein can be prepared using the methods described plant fungal pathogen is Fusarium graminearum and the in, for example, WO 2009/155693. disease may be, for example, Fusarium head blight. In 0318. The features described in section III above can be selected implementations, the crop plant pathogen is the fun combined with any one or more of the features described in gal pathogen Bipolaris Sorokiniana, and the disease may be, sections I and II above. for example, spot blotch. 0319. In some implementations, the fungal pathogen may 0321. In various additional implementations wherein the be, for example, Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae, crop plantis wheat, the fungal pathogen may be any one of the Cronartium ribicola, Hemileia vastatrix Puccinia graminis, fungal pathogens listed in the right hand column of Table 1, Puccinia coronata, Puccinia hemerocallidis, Puccinia per and the disease may be the corresponding disease of wheat sistens subsp. Triticina, Puccinia Sriiformis, Puccinia tri listed in the left column of Table 1. ticina, Phakopsora meibomiae, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Uro myces phaseoli, Uromyces appendeculatus, Fusarium TABLE 1 graminearum, Bipolaris Sorokiniana, or a combination thereof. In alternative implementations, the fungal disease Fungal diseases of wheat. may be, for example: cedar-apple rust, which attacks, for example, apple and pear and hawthorn); white pine blister Disease Causative fungal pathogen(s) rust, which attacks, for example, white pines and currants; Alternaria leafblight Alternaria triticina Anthracnose Colletotrichum graminicola coffee rust, which attacks, for example, the coffee plant; Glomerella graminicola teleomorph wheat stem rust, which attacks, for example, Kentucky blue Ascochyta leaf spot Ascochyta tritici grass, barley, and wheat; crown rust, which attacks, for Aureobasidium Microdochium boileyi = example, oats and ryegrass; soybean rust, which attacks, for decay Aureobasidium boileyi example, soybean and various legumes; leaf rust, which US 2014/01 07070 A1 Apr. 17, 2014

TABLE 1-continued TABLE 1-continued Fungal diseases of wheat. Fungal diseases of wheat. Disease Causative fungal pathogen(s) Disease Causative fungal pathogen(s) Blackhead molds = Alternaria spp. Pythium myriotylum Sooty molds Cladosporium spp. Pythium volutum Epicoccim spp. Rhizoctonia Rhizoctonia Soiani Sporobotomyces spp. rootrot Thanatephorus cucumenis teleomorph Siemphylium spp. and other genera Ring spot = Pyrenophora seminiperda = Cephalosporium Hymenula cerealis = Wirrega blotch Drechslera campaniilata stripe Cephalosporium graninet in Drechslera wirreganensis Common bunt= Tilletia tritici = Scab = head Fusarium spp. Stinking Smut Tilletia caries blight Gibbereia zeae Tilletia iaevis = Fusaritingraminearlin Group II anamorph Tilletia foetida Gibbereia a venacea Common rootrot Cochliobolus sativus teleomorph Fusarium avenaceum anamorph Bipolaris Sorokiniana anamorph = Fusarium citimorum Helminthosporium sativum Microdochium nivalie = Cottony Snow mold Coprinus psychromorbidus Fusarium nivaie Crown rot = foot rot, Fusarium spp. Monographeila nivais teleomorph Seedling blight, Fusarium pseudograminearlin Scierotinia Myriosclerotinia borealis = dryland rootrot Gibbereia zeae Snow mold = Snow Scierotinia borealis Fusarium graminearlin Group II anamorph Scald Gibberelia a venacea Scierotium Sclerotium rolfsii Fusarium avenaceum anamorph wilt (see Southern Athelia rolfsii teleomorph Fusarium cuimorum blight) Dilophospora leaf Dilophospora alopectiri Septoria Septoria tritici spot = twist blotch Mycosphaerella graminicola teleomorph Downy mildew = Sclerophthora macrospora Sharp Rhizoctonia cereais crazy top eyespot Ceratobasidium cereale teleomorph Dwarfbunt Tilletia controversa Snow rot Pythium spp. Ergot Claviceps purpurea Pythium aristosporum Sphacelia Segettin anamorph Pythium iwayamae Eyespot = footrot, Tapesia vallundae Pythium okanoganense strawbreaker Rantispora herpoirichoides anamorph = Southern Sclerotium rolfsii Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides blight = Scierotium Athelia rolfsii teleomorph W-pathotype base rot Tapesia actifornis Speckled Typhula idahoensis Rantispora actifornis anamorph = Snow mold = gray Tiphatia incarnata Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides Snow mold or Typhula ishikariensis var. actifornis R-pathoytpe Typhula blight Tiphatia ishikariensis var. Canadensis False eyespot Gibeina cereais Spot blotch Cochliobolus sativus teleomorph Flag Smut Urocystis agropyri Bipolaris Sorokiniana anamorph = Footrot = dryland Fusarium spp. Helminthosporium sativum footrot Stagonospora Phaeosphaeria avenaria f.sp. triticae Halo spot Pseudoseptoria donacis = blotch Stagonospora avenae f.sp. triticae anamorph = Selenophoma donacis Septoria avenae f.sp. triticea Karnal bunt= Tilletia indica = Phaeosphaeria nodorum partial bunt Neovossia indica Stagonospora nodorum anamorph = Leafrust = Puccinia triticina = Septoria nodorum brown rust Puccinia recondita fisp. tritici Stem rust = Puccinia graminis = Puccinia tritici-diuri black rust Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici (Ug99) Leptosphaeria Phaeosphaeria herpotrichoides = Storage Aspergilius spp. leaf spot Leptosphaeria herpotrichoides molds Penicilium spp. Stagonospora sp. anamorph and others Loose Smut Ustilago tritici = Stripe rust = Puccinia striiformis Ustilago Segettin var. tritici yellow rust Uredo glutmartin anamorph Ustilago Segettin var. nuda Take-all Gaeli mannomyces graminis var. tritici Ustilago Segettin var. avenae Gaeli mannomyces graminis var. avenae Microscopica Phaeosphaeria microscopica = Tan spot = Pyrenophora tritici-repentis leaf spot Leptosphaeria microscopica yellow leaf spot, red Drechslera tritici-repentis anamorph Phoma spot Phoma spp. Smudge Phoma glomerata Tar spot Phyllachoragraminis Phoma Sorghina = Linochoragraminis anamorph Phoma insidiosa Wheat Blast Magnaporihe grisea Pink Snow Microdochium nivale = Zoosporic Lagena radicicola mold = Fusarium Fusarium nivaie rootrot Ligniera piorum patch Monographeila nivais teleomorph Olipidium brassicae Platyspora Clathrospora pentamera = Rhizophydium graminis leaf spot Platyspora pentamera Powdery Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici mildew Blumeria graminis = Erysiphegraminis 0322. In various additional embodiments wherein the crop Oidium monioides anamorph Pythium root Pythium aphanidermatum plant is of the genus Zea, the fungal pathogen may be any one rot Pythium arrhenomanes of the fungal pathogens listed in the right hand column of Pythium graminicola Table 2, and the disease may be the corresponding disease of wheat listed in the left column of Table 2. US 2014/01 07070 A1 Apr. 17, 2014 15

TABLE 2 Fungal diseases of maize. Disease Causative fungal pathogen Anthracnose leafblight Colietotrichum graminicola Anthracnose stalk rot Glomerella graminicola teleomorph Giomereia iucumanensis Glomerelia falcatum anamorph Aspergilius ear and Aspergiiitisfiavits kernel rot Banded leaf and Rhizoctonia Soiani = Rhizoctonia microsclerotia sheath spot Thanatephorus cucumenis teleomorph Blackbundle disease Acremonium strictum = Cephalosporium acremonium Black kernel rot Lasiodiplodia theobromae = Botryodiplodia theobromae Borde blanco Marasnielius sp. Brown spot Physoderma maydis Black spot Stalk rot Cephalosporium kernel Acremonium strictum = Cephalosporium acremonium rot Charcoal rot Macrophonina phaseolina Coricitin ear rot Thanatephorus cucumenis = Corticium Sasaki Curvularia leaf spot Curviliaria clavata Curvularia eragrostidis = Curvularia maculans Cochliobolus eragrostidis teleomorph Curvilaria inaequalis Curviliaria intermedia Cochliobolus intermedius teleomorph Curviliaria iunata Cochliobolus lunatus teleomorph Curvilaria pallescens Cochliobolus pallescens teleomorph Curvilaria Senegalensis Curviliaria tuberculata Cochliobolus tuberculatus teleomorph Didymella leaf spot Didymella exitalis Diplodia ear rot and Diplodia frumenti stalk rot Botryosphaeria festicae teleomorph Diplodia ear rot Diplodia maydis Stalk rot Seed rot Seedling blight Diplodia leaf spot or Stenocarpella macrospora = Diplodia macrospora leaf streak Brown stripe downy Sclerophthora rayssiae mildew Crazy top downy Sclerophthora macrospora = Sclerospora macrospora mildew Green ear downy Sclerospora graminicola mildew Graminicola downy mildew Java downy mildew Peronosclerospora maydis = Sclerospora maydis Philippine downy Peronosclerospora philippinensis = mildew Sclerospora philippinensis Sorghum downy Peronosclerospora Sorghi = Sclerospora Sorghi mildew Spontaneim downy Peronosclerospora spontanea = Sclerospora spontanea mildew Sugarcane downy Peronosclerospora sacchari = Sclerospora sacchari mildew Dry ear rot Nigrospora oryzae Cob, kernel and stalk rot Khuskia oryzae teleomorph Earrots, minor Alternaria alternata = Alternaria tentiis Aspergilius glaucus Aspergilius niger Aspergilius spp. Botrytis cinerea Botryotinia fuckeiana teleomorph Cunninghamelia sp. Curvilaria pallescens Doratomyces stemonitis = Cephalotrichum stemonitis Fusarium culmorum Gonatobotry's simplex Pithomyces maydicus Rhizopus microsports Rhizopus Stoionifer = Rhizopus nigricans Scopulariopsis briumpti US 2014/01 07070 A1 Apr. 17, 2014 16

TABLE 2-continued Fungal diseases of maize. Disease Causative fungal pathogen Ergot Claviceps gigantea Horse's tooth Sphacelia sp. anamorph Eyespot Aureobasidium zeae = Kabatiella zeae Fusarium ear and stalk Fusarium subglutinans = Fusarium moniiforme rot Fusarium kernel, root Fusarium moniiforme and stalk rot, seed rot and Gibberellafiujikuroi teleomorph Seedling blight Fusarium stalk rot Fusaritin avenacetin Seedling rootrot Gibberella avenacea teleomorph Gibbereia ear and Gibbereia zeae stalk rot Fusaritingraminearlin anamorph Gray ear rot Botryosphaeria zeae = Physalospora zeae Macrophoma zeae anamorph Gray leaf spot Cercospora Sorghi = Cercospora Sorghi Cercospora leaf spot Cercospora zeae-maydis Helminthosporium root Exserohilum pedicellatum = rot Helminthosporium pedicellatum Setosphaeria pedicellata teleomorph Hormodendrum ear rot Cladosporium cladosporioides = Cladosporium rot Hormodendrum cladosporioides Cladosporium herbarum Mycosphaerelia tassiana teleomorph Hyalothyridium leaf Hyalothyridium maydis spot Late wilt Cephalosporium maydis Leaf spots, minor Alternaria alternata Ascochyta maydis Ascochyta tritici Ascochyta Zeicola Bipolaris victoriae = Heiminthosporium victoriae Cochliobolus victoriae teleomorph Cochiobolus sativus Bipolaris Sorokiniana anamorph = Helminthosporium Sorokinianum = H. sativum Epicocci in nigrum Exserohilum prolatum = Drechslera prolata Setosphaeria prolata teleomorph Graphium penicillioides Leptosphaeria maydis Leptothyrium zeae Ophiosphaerella herpotricha Scolecosporiella sp. anamorph Paraphaeosphaeria michotii Phoma sp. Septoria zeae Septoria zeicola Septoriazeina Northern corn leaf Setosphaeria turcica blight Exserohium turcictim anamorph = White blast Helminthosporium turcicum Crown stalk rot Stripe Northern corn leaf spot Cochiobolus carbonium Helminthosporium ear rot Bipolaris zeicola anamorph = (race 1) Helminthosporium carbonum Penicium ear rot Penicilium spp. Blue eye Penicilium chrysogenium Blue mold Penicilium expansum Peniciiium oxalicum Phaeocytostroma stalk Phaeocytostrona ambiguum = Phaeocytosporella zeae rot and rootrot Phaeosphaeria leaf Phaeosphaeria maydis = Sphaerulina maydis spot Physalospora ear rot Botryosphaeria festicae = Physalospora zeicola Botryosphaeria ear rot Diplodiafitinenii anamorph Purple leaf sheath Hemiparasitic bacteria and fungi Pyrenochaeta stalk rot Phoma terrestris = Pyrenochaeta terrestris and root rot Pythium root rot Pythium spp. Pythium arrhenomanes Pythium graminicola Pythium stalk rot Pythium aphanidermatum = Pythium butleri US 2014/01 07070 A1 Apr. 17, 2014 17

TABLE 2-continued Fungal diseases of maize. Disease Causative fungal pathogen Red kernel disease Epicocci in nigrum Ear mold, leaf and seed rot Rhizoctonia ear rot Rhizoctonia zeae Sclerotial rot Waitea circinata teleomorph Rhizoctonia root rot Rhizoctonia Soiani and stalk rot Rhizoctonia zeae Rootrots, minor Alternaria alternata Cercospora Sorghi Dictochaeta fertilis Fusarium acuminatum Gibberella acuminata teleomorph Fusarium equisei Gibberella intricans teleomorph Fusarium oxysportin Fusarium pallidoroseum Fusarium poae Fusaritin roseum Gibberella cyanogena Fusarium sulphureum anamorph Microdochium boileyi Mucor sp. Periconia circinata Phytophthora cactorum Phytophthora drechsleri Phytophthora nicotianae Rhizopus arrhizus Rostratum leaf spot Setosphaeria rostrata = Heiminthosporium rostratum Helminthosporium leaf disease, ear and stalk rot Rust, common corn Puccinia sorghi Rust, Southern corn Puccinia polysora Rust, tropical corn Physopeia pallescens Physopeia zeae = Angiopsora zeae Scierotium ear rot Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight Athelia rolfsii teleomorph Seed rot-seedling blight Bipolaris Sorokiniana Bipolaris zeicola = Heiminthosporium carbonum Diplodia maydis Exserohilum pediciliatum Exserohilum turcicum = Helminthosporium turcicum Fusaritin avenacetin Fusarium culmorum Fusarium moniiforme Gibbereia zeae Fusaritingraminearlin anamorph Macrophonina phaseolina Penicilium spp. Phomopsis spp. Pythium spp. Rhizoctonia Soiani Rhizoctonia zeae Sclerotium rolfsii Spicaria spp. Selenophoma leaf spot Selenophoma sp. Sheath rot Gaeli mannomyces graminis Shuck rot Myrothecium gramineum Silage mold Monascus purpureus Monascus ruber Smut, common Ustilago zeae = Ustilago maydis Smut, false Ustilaginoidea virens Smut, head Sphacelotheca reiliana = Sporisorium holci-sorghi Southern corn leaf Cochliobolus heterostrophus blight and stalk rot Bipolaris maydis anamorph = Heiminihosporium maydis Southern leaf spot Stenocarpella macrospora = Diplodia macrospora Stalk rots, minor Cercospora Sorghi Fusarium episphaeria Fusarium merismoides Fusarium oxysportin Fusarium poae Fusaritin roseum Fusarium Soiani Nectria haematococca teleomorph Fusarium tricincitin US 2014/01 07070 A1 Apr. 17, 2014 18

TABLE 2-continued Fungal diseases of maize. Disease Causative fungal pathogen Mariannaea elegans Mucor spp. Rhopographits zeae Spicaria spp. Storage rots Aspergilius spp. Penicilium spp. and other fungi Tar spot Phyllachora maydis Trichoderma ear rot Trichoderma viride = Trichoderma ignorum and root rot Hypocreasp. teleomorph White ear rot, root and Stenocarpella maydis = Diplodia zeae stalk rot Yellow leafblight Ascochyta ischaemi Phyllosticta maydis Mycosphaerella zeae-maydis teleomorph Zonate leaf spot Gloeocercospora Sorghi

0323 In various additional embodiments wherein the crop TABLE 3-continued plant is barley, the fungal pathogen may be any one of the fungal pathogens listed in the right hand column of Table 3. Fungal diseases of barley. and the disease may be the corresponding disease of wheat Disease Causative fungal pathogen(s) listed in the left column of Table 3. Stem rust Puccinia graminis f.sp. Secalis Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici TABLE 3 Stripe rust = yellow rust Puccinia striiformis f.sp. hordei Scab = head blight Fusarium spp. Fungal diseases of barley. Fusaritingraminearlin Scald Rhynchosporium Secalis Disease Causative fungal pathogen(s) Septoria speckled leaf blotch Septoria passerini Stagonospora avenae f.sp. triticae Anthracnose Coileiotrichtim cerealie Manns Sharp eyespot Rhizoctonia cereais Barley stripe Pyrenophoragraminea = Ceratobasidium cereale teleomorph Drechslera graminea Cephalosporium stripe Hymenula cerealis = Covered Smut Ustilago hordei Cephalosporium graninet in False loose Smut Ustilago nigra = Common root rot, crown rot and Cochiobolus sativus = Ustilago avenae Seedling blight Bipolaris Sorokiniana Loose Smut Ustilago nida = Fusarium culmorum Ustilago tritici Fusaritingraminearlin Gray Snow mold = Typhula Tiphatia incarnata Gibberella zeae teleomorph blight Typhula ishikariensis Downy mildew Sclerophthora rayssiae Pink Snow mold = Fusarium Microdochium nivale = Dwarfbunt Tieiia controversa patch Fusarium nivaie Ergot Claviceps purpurea Monographeila nivais teleomorph Sphacelia Segetum anamorph Speckled Snow mold Typhula idahoensis Eyespot Pseudocercosoporella herpotrichoides Snow rot Pythium iwayamae Tapesia waitindae teleomorph Pythium Oikanoganense Halo spot Pseudoseptoria donacis = Pythium paddicum Selenophoma donacis Snow scald = Scierotinia Snow Myriosclerotinia borealis = Kernel blight = blackpoint Alternaria spp. Arthrinium arundinis’ mold Scierotinia borea is Apiospora montagnei teleomorph Southern blight Sclerotium rolfsii Cochioboiulus sativus Athelia rolfsii teleomorph Fusarium spp. Spot blotch Cochioboits sativus Ascochyta leaf spot'll Ascochyta hordei Drechslera feres anamorph Ascochyta graminea Stagonospora blotch Stagonospora avenae f.sp. triticae Ascochyta Sorghi Phaeosphaeria avenaria f.sp. triticae Ascochyta tritici teleomorph Net blotch Drechslera teres Stagonospora nodorum = Pyrenophora teres teleomorph Septoria nodorum Net blotch (spot form) Drechslera ferres f. maculata Phaeosphaeria nodorum teleomorph Powdery mildew Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei = Take-all Gaettmannomyces graminis war tritici Blumeria graminis Tan spot Pyrenophora tritici-repentis = Oidium monioides anamorph Pyrenophora trichostoma Pythium root rot Pythium spp. Drechslera tritici-repentis anamorph = Pythium arrhenomanes Helminthosporium tritici-repentis Pythium graminicola Verticillium wiltill Verticiiium dahiae Pythium tardicrescens Wirrega blotch Drechslera wirreganensis Rhizoctonia root rot Rhizoctonia Soiani Thanatephorus cucumenis teleomorph Crown rust Puccinia coronata war. hordei Leafrust Puccinia hordei 0324 Invarious additional embodiments wherein the crop plant is rice, the fungal pathogen may be any one of the fungal US 2014/01 07070 A1 Apr. 17, 2014

pathogens listed in the right hand column of Table 4, and the TABLE 5 disease may be the corresponding disease of wheat listed in the left column of Table 4. Fungal diseases of soybean. Disease Causative fungal pathogen(s) TABLE 4 Alternaria leaf spot Alternaria spp. Anthracnose Colleiotrichum truncatum Fungal diseases of rice. Colleiotrichum dematium f. truncatum Disease Glomerella glycines Causative fungal pathogen(s) Colleiotrichum destructivum Aggregate sheath spot Ceratobasidium oryzae-Saiivae anamorph Rhizoctonia oryzae-Saiivae Black leafblight Arkoola nigra Black rootrot Thiela viopsis basicola anamorph Chaiara elegans synanamorph Black kernel Curviliaria iunata Brown spot Septoria glycines Cochliobolus lunatus teleomorph Mycosphaerella isoenskaiae Blast (leaf, neck rotten neck, Pyricularia grisea = teleomorph nodal and collar) Pyricularia oryzae Brown stem rot Phialophora gregata = Magnaporihe grisea teleomorph Cephalosporium gregatin Brown spot Cochliobolus miyabeanus Charcoal rot Macrophonina phaseolina Bipolaris Oryzae anamorph Choanephora leafblight Choanephora infundibulifera Crown sheath rot Gaeli mannomyces graminis Choanephora trispora Downy mildew Sclerophthora macrospora Damping-off Rhizoctonia Soiani Eyespot Drechslera gigantea Thanatephorus cucumenis False Smut Ustilaginoidea virens teleomorph Pythium aphanidermatum Kernel Smut Tilletia barclayana = Pythium debaryanum Neovossia horrida Pythium irregulare Leaf Smut Entwioma oryzae Pythium myriotylum Leafscald Microdochium oryzae = Pythium ultimum Rhynchosporium oryzae Downy mildew Peronospora manshurica Narrow brown leaf spot Cercosporalianseana = Drechslera blight Drechslera glycines Cercospora oryzae Frogeye leaf spot Cercospora Soiina Sphaerulina oryzina teleomorph Fusaritin rootrot Fusarium spp. Damage by many fungi including Leptosphaerulina leaf spot Leptosphaerulina trifolii Pecky rice (kernel spotting) Mycoleptodiscus rootrot Mycoleptodiscus terrestris Cochliobolus miyabeanus Neocosmospora stem rot Neocosmospora Vasinfecta Curvularia spp. Acremonium spp. anamorph Fusarium spp. Phomopsis seed decay Phomopsis spp. Microdochium oryzae Phytophthora root and stem rot Phytophthora soiae Sarocladium oryzae Phyllosticta leaf spot Phyllosticta soiaecola and other fungi. Phymatotrichum root rot = Phymatotrichopsis omnivora = Rootrots Fusarium spp. cotton rootrot Phymatotrichum omnivorum Pythium spp. Pod and stem blight Diaporthe phaseolorum Pythium dissotocum Phomopsis Soiae anamorph Pythium spinosum Powdery mildew Microsphaera diffusa Seedling blight Purple seed stain Cercospora kikuchi Cochliobolus miyabeanus Pyrenochaeta leaf spot Pyrenochaeta glycines Curvularia spp. Pythium rot Pythium aphanidermatum Fusarium spp. Pythium debaryanum Rhizoctonia Soiani Pythium irregulare Sclerotium rolfsii Pythium myriotylum Athelia rolfsii teleomorph Pythium ultimum and other pathogenic fungi. Red crown rot Cylindrocladium crotaiariae Sheath blight Thanatephorus cucumenis Caionectria crotaiariae Rhizoctonia Solani anamorph teleomorph Sheath rot Sarocladium oryzae = Red leaf blotch = Daciatiochaeta glycines = Acrocylindrium oryzae Dactuliophora leaf spot Pyrenochaeta glycines Sheath spot Rhizoctonia oryzae Daciatiophora glycines Stackburn (Alternaria leaf spot) Alternaria padwickii synanamorph Stem rot Magnaporihe Salvini Rhizoctonia aerial blight Rhizoctonia Soiani Sclerotium oryzae Synanamorph Thanatephorus cucumenis Water-mold (seed-rot and seedling Achiya conspicua teleomorph Achlya kiebsiana Rhizoctonia root and stem rot Rhizoctonia Soiani disease) Rust Phakopsora pachyrhizi Fusarium spp. Scab Spaceioma glycines Pythium spp. Scierotinia stem rot Scierotinia Scierotiorum Pythium dissotocum Southern blight (damping-off Sclerotium rolfsii Pythium spinosum and stem rot) = Sclerotium Athelia rolfsii teleomorph blight Stem canker Diaporthe phaseolorum 0325 Diaporthe phaseolorum In various additional embodiments wherein the crop var. Catilivora plant is soybean, the fungal pathogen may be any one of the Phomopsis phaseolianamorph fungal pathogens listed in the right hand column of Table 5. Siemphylium leafblight Stemphylium botryosum and the disease may be the corresponding disease of wheat Pleospora tarda teleomorph listed in the left column of Table 5. US 2014/01 07070 A1 Apr. 17, 2014 20

TABLE 5-continued TABLE 6-continued Fungal diseases of soybean. Fungal diseases of potato. Disease Causative fungal pathogen(s) Disease Causative fungal pathogen(s) Leak Pythium spp. Sudden death syndrome Fusarium Solani f.sp. glycines Pythium ultimum var. ultimum = Target spot Corynespora cassicola Pythium debaryanum Yeast spot Nematospora convii Pythium aphanidermatum Pythium deliense Phoma leaf spot Phoma andigena var. andina Pink rot Phytophthora spp. 0326 Invarious additional embodiments wherein the crop Phytophthora cryptogea plant is potato, the fungal pathogen may be any one of the Phytophthora drechsleri Phytophthora erythroSeptica fungal pathogens listed in the right hand column of Table 6. Phytophthora megasperma and the disease may be the corresponding disease of wheat Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica listed in the left column of Table 6. Powdery mildew Erysiphe cichoracearum Powdery scab Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea Rhizoctonia canker and Rhizoctonia Soiani TABLE 6 black scurf Thanatephorus cucumenis teleomorph Roseinia black rot Rosellinia sp. Fungal diseases of potato. Dematophora sp. anamorph Septoria leaf spot Septoria lycopersici var. malaguti Disease Causative fungal pathogen(s) Silver scurf Helminthosporium Solani Black dot Colleiotrichum coccodes = Skin spot Polyscytaliimplistians Colleiotrichum atramentarium Stem rot (southern blight) Sclerotium rolfsii Brown spot and Black pit Alternaria alternata = Athelia rolfsii teleomorph Alternaria tentiis Thecaphora Smut Angiosorus Solani = Cercospora leaf blotch Mycoveliosiella concors = Thecaphora Solani Cercospora Concors Ulocladium blight Uiociadium atrum Cercospora Solani Verticilium wilt Verticilium aibo-airum Cercospora Soiani-tuberosi Verticilium dahiae Charcoal rot Wart Synchytrium endobioticum Macrophonina phaseolina = White mold Scierotinia Scierotiorum Sclerotium bataiicola Choanephora blight Choanephora cucurbitarum Common rust Puccinia pittieriana Deforming rust Aecidium Cantensis 0327 Various alternative embodiments and examples of Early blight Alternaria Soiani the invention are described herein. These embodiments and Fusarium dry rot Fusarium spp. examples are illustrative, and not limiting. Gibberella pullicaris = Various implementations and examples of the com Fusarium Soiani 0328 Other Fusarium spp. include: binations are described herein. These implementations and Fusaritin avenacetim examples are illustrative, and not limiting. Fusarium oxysportin Fusarium culmorum EXAMPLES Less common Fusarium spp. include: Example 1 Fusaritin actiminatin Fusarium equisei Greenhouse Stem Rust Evaluation Study Fusarium crookweilense Fusarium wilt Fusarium spp. 0329 The efficacy of CivitasTM alone or in combination Fusaritin avenacetim with HarmonizerTM in controlling infection of wheat (Triti Fusarium oxysportin cum aestivum Norin43) by Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici Fusarium Soiani f.sp. etinarii Gangrene Phoma Solanicola f. foveata (“Pgt”) was tested undergreenhouse conditions. Briefly, each Phoma foveata = treatment consisted of four pots containing four plants. Plants Phoma exiglia var. foveata = were planted on March 2nd. CivitasTM, HarmonizerTM, and Phoma exiglia f.sp. foveata Phoma exiglia var. exigua combinations thereof were applied to test plants, by foliar Gray mold Botrytis cinerea application, on March 10th, seven days before inoculation Botryotinia fuckeiana teleomorph (DBI) on March 17th as indicated in Table 7. The average Late blight Phytophthora infestans severity of infection, in terms of % leaf area infected, was evaluated 12 TABLE 7 Results of greenhouse stem rust evaluation study. Greenhouse Stem Rust Evaluation Study Pathogen: Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici % Leaf Area Treat Carrier Civitas Harmonizer severity Infection Type ID Method (gal/A) Timing (oz?acre) (oZ?acre) Treated Avg. Sev SD% Avg. IT SD% 1. Foliar 2O 7DBI 160 O 3,10 2O.OO 7.07 2.25 O.SO 2 Foliar 2O 7DBI 32O O 3,10 1S.OO 4.08 2.25 O.SO US 2014/01 07070 A1 Apr. 17, 2014 21

TABLE 7-continued Results of greenhouse stem rust evaluation study. Greenhouse Stem Rust Evaluation Study Pathogen: Puccinia graininis f.sp. tritici % Leaf Area Treat Carrier Civitas Harmonizer Severity Infection Type ID Method (gal/A) Timing (oz?acre) (oZacre) Treated Avg. Sev SD% Avg. IT SD% 3 Foliar 2O 7DBI O 10 3,10 26.25 6.29 3.SO O.S8 4. Foliar 2O 7DBI O 2O 3,10 2S.OO 4.08 3.25 O.SO 5. Foliar 2O 7DBI 40 2.5 3,10 16.OO 2.71 2.50 O.S8 6 Foliar 2O 7DBI 160 10 3,10 11.25 4.79 1.75 O.SO 7 Foliar 2O 7DBI 32O 2O 3,10 8.75 4.79 1.25 O.SO 8 Drench 400 7DBI 160 O 3,10 17.50 6.45 2.25 O.SO 9 Drench 400 7DBI 32O O 3,10 16.25 2.50 2.25 O.SO 10 Drench 400 7DBI O 10 3,10 26.25 4.79 3.25 O.96 11 Drench 400 7DBI O 2O 3,10 2S.OO 7.07 3.25 O.SO 12 Drench 400 7DBI 40 2.5 3,10 17.50 2.89 2.00 O.82 13 Drench 400 7DBI 160 10 3,10 1O.OO 4.08 1...SO O.S8 14 Drench 400 7DBI 32O 2O 3,10 7.50 2.89 1.25 O.SO 15 Control 2O NA O O 3,10 27.50 6.45 3.75 O.SO days after inoculation on March 29th.

Example 2 collected from nearby trap plots and applied to the spreader rows in a 0.1% water agar Suspension using a hand-powered Wheat Stem Rust Study backpack sprayer. On July 20th, fungicide treatments were applied with a CO-powered backpack sprayer in a carrier 0330. The efficacy of CivitasTM alone or in combination volume of 20 gal/A using XR8002 flat fan nozzles and an with HarmonizerTM, FolicurTM, or QuiltTM in controlling application pressure of 40 PSI. The plants in each plot were at infection of wheat (Triticum aestivum Norin43) by Pgt was Feekes 10.51 (early anthesis). At 48 hr after fungicide appli tested between May and July. A field was treated with cation, the experimental plots were inoculated as previously RoundupTM on May 9th and cultivated twice before planting. described with Pgt and misted at night for 7 days (3 minonper Plots were planted on May 28 using a seeding rate of 1.25 each 30 min) to facilitate infection and disease development. bu/A, and were 15 ft long by 5 ft wide with 7 rows. Due to One treatment received a second application 7 days later flooding in the field shortly after planting, plots lengths were (Treatment 5, see Table 8 below). Plots were rated for stem reduced to 7 ft long prior to cutting of the alleys. Plots con rust severity at 14 d after inoculation by visually estimating sisting of a highly Susceptible rust spreader mixture were the percentage of stem area covered with pustules for 50 alternated with the experimental units. plants per plot (5 randomly chosen locations of 10 plants 0331. The experimental design was a randomized com each). Plots were harvested with a small plot combine and plete block with five replicates. PumaTM (0.4 pt/A) and yield was determined. Data were analyzed using an ANOVA Bronate AdvancedTM (0.8 pt/A) were applied on June 10th to and pair-wise comparisons were performed using Tukey's control weeds. On July 14th, urediniospores of Pgt were HSD (P=0.05). TABLE 8 Results of Wheat Stern Rust Study Average Upper Stem Stem Severity (% Severity Yield App Rate infected (% infected Yield (% of (oZ/acre) area) area) (g plot) Control) Non-inoculated 37.50 39.17 67.325 6 Control Inoculated 38.00 39.00 63.4 O Control Civitas (160) 27.25 29.33 8O.OS 26 Civitas (320) 25.75 28.50 63.475 O Civitas + Harmonizer 26.25 29.50 71.65 13 (160 + 10) (1 app) Civitas + Harmonizer 27.00 29.75 96.225 52 (160 + 10) (2 apps) Civitas + Harmonizer 25.50 30.00 78.525 24 (320 +20) Folicur (4) 2S.OO 29.08 142.17S 124 Quilt (14) 14.50 19.17 161.75 155 Civitas + 1/2 Folicur 20.75 24.75 169.75 168 (160 + 2) US 2014/01 07070 A1 Apr. 17, 2014 22

TABLE 8-continued Results of Wheat Stern Rust Study Average Upper Stem Stem Severity (% Severity Yield Trt App Rate infected (% infected Yield (% of No. (oz?acre) area) area) (g plot) Control) 11 Civitas + Harmonizer + 19.25 24.25 176.2 178 1/2 Folicur (80 + 5 + 2) 12 Civitas + Harmonizer + 16.75 22.17 2O3S 221 1/2 Folicur (160 + 10 + 2) 13 Civitas + Harmonizer + 11.00 16.92 185.175 192 1/2 Folicur (320 + 20 + 2) 14 Civitas + Harmonizer + 19.50 2S.OO 162.075 1S6 1/2 Quilt (80+5+ 7)

Example 3 10 oz/acre) and Folicur (2 oz/acre) by foliar application 7DBI. Note the near lack of symptoms, small pustule size, Greenhouse Spot Blotch Evaluation Study and chlorotic halos. FIG. 3 shows leaves of inoculated plants that were treated with CivitasTM/HarmonizerTM (320+20 0332 The efficacy of CivitasTM/HarmonizerTM, alone or in oz/acre) by soil drench application 7 DBI. Note the near lack combination with FolicurTM in controlling infection of wheat of symptoms, chlorotic halos, and reduced pustule size. TABLE 9 Results of Greenhouse Spot Blotch Evaluation Study Greenhouse Spot Blotch Evaluation Study Pathogen: Bipolaris Sorokiniana O-4, R to % Leaf Area Susceptible Carrier Severity Infection Type Treat ID Method (gal/A) Timing Civitas Harmonizer Folicur Treated Rep 1 Rep 2 Rep 3 Rep 1 Rep 2 Rep 3 Avg. Sev IT O1 Foliar O 7DBI 160 10 O 3,8 5 5 5 2 1 1 S.O 1.3 O2 Foliar O 7DBI 32O 2O O 3,8 O 10 3 O 2 1 4.3 1.O O3 Drench OO 7DBI 160 10 O 3,8 5 5 O 1 1 O 3.3 0.7 O4 Drench OO 7DBI 32O 2O O 3,8 O O O O O O O.O O.O 05 Foliar O 1DBI 160 10 O 3.14 10 10 10 3 3 1 1O.O 2.3 O6 Foliar O 1DBI O O 2 3.14 5 5 O 1 2 O 3.3 1.O O7 Foliar O 1DBI O O 4 3.14 5 O 2 1 O 1 2.3 0.7 O8 Foliar O 1DBI 160 10 2 3.14 5 O O 1 O O 1.7 O.3 Control NAA FA FA O O O N.A. 15 2O 1S 4 4 4 16.7 4.0

(Triticum aestivum Taut') by Bipolaris Sorokiniana was tested Example 4 under greenhouse conditions. Briefly, each treatment con sisted of three pots (4" by 4") containing three plants each. Greenhouse Leaf Rust Evaluation Study Plants were planted on March 1st. CivitasTM/HarmonizerTM. FolicurTM. and combinations thereof were applied to test 0334) The efficacy of CivitasTM/HarmonizerTM, alone or in plants, by foliar application on March 8 (seven DBI), by soil combination with FolicurTM in controlling infection of wheat drench on March 8th (7 DBI), or by foliar application on (Triticum aestivum Bawl) by Puccinia triticina was tested March 14th (1 DEBI), as indicated in Table 9 (rates of Civitas, under greenhouse conditions. Briefly, each treatment con Harmonizer, and Folicur are expressed in oz/acre). For foliar sisted of three pots (4" by 4") containing three plants each. application, the treatments were applied in 0.2 mL per pot, Plants were planted on March 1st. CivitasTM/HarmonizerTM. which is the equivalent of 20 gal/A. For soil drench, treat FolicurTM. and combinations thereof were applied to test ments were applied in 3.8 mL, which is the equivalent of 400 plants, by foliar application on March 8 (seven DBI), by soil gal/A. Plants were innoculated on March 15th. The average drench on March 8th (7 DBI), or by foliar application on March 14th (1 DBI), as indicated in Table 10 (rates of Civitas, severity of infection, in terms of % leaf area infected, was Harmonizer, and Folicur are expressed in oz/acre). For foliar evaluated 14 days after inoculation on March 29th. application, the treatments were applied in 0.2 mL per pot, 0333 Images of the untreated, inoculated control are pre which is the equivalent of 20 gal/A. For soil drench, treat sented in FIG. 1. Note the number of pustules (dark spots), ments were applied in 3.8 mL, which is the equivalent of 400 near lack of chlorosis (light halos Surrounding dark spots), gal/A. Plants were innoculated on March 15th. The average and large pustule size. FIG. 2 shows leaves of inoculated severity of infection, in terms of % leaf area infected, was plants that were treated with CivitasTM/HarmonizerTM (160+ evaluated 14 days after inoculation on March 29th. US 2014/01 07070 A1 Apr. 17, 2014 23

TABLE 10

Results of Greenhouse Leaf Rust Evaluation Study Greenhouse Leaf Rust Evaluation Study Pathogen: Puccinia triticina

O-4, R to % Leaf Area Susceptible Carrier (severity) Infection Type Avg.

Treat ID Method (gal/A) Timing Civitas Harmonizer Folicur Treated Rep 1 Rep 2 Rep 3 Rep 1 Rep 2 Rep 3 Sev Avg. IT

1 Foliar 2O 7DBI 160 10 O 3.8 15 2O 15 2 1 16.7 1.3 2 Foliar 2O 7DBI 320 2O O 3.8 15 15 10 1 2 13.3 1.3 3 Drench 400 7DBI 160 10 O 3.8 2O 2O 25 2 2 2 21.7 2.0 4 Drench 400 7DBI 320 2O O 3.8 2O 15 2O 2 2 1 18.3 1.7 5 Foliar 2O 1DBI 160 10 O 3.14 15 15 15 1 2 1S.O 1.3 6 Foliar 2O 1DBI O O 2 3.14 5 5 5 1 1 S.O 1.O 7 Foliar 2O 1DBI O O 4 3.14 O O O O O O O.O O.O 8 Foliar 2O 1DBI 160 10 2 3.14 O 5 5 O 1 3.3 0.7 Control Control NA NA O O O NA 25 30 30 3 3 3 28.3 3.0

0335 Images of the untreated, inoculated control are pre- wheat (Triticum aestivum Sonalika) by Fusarium sented in FIG. 4. Note the large number of pustules (dark graminearum was tested under greenhouse conditions. spots), near lack of chlorosis, and large pustule size. FIG. 5 shows leaves of inoculated plants that were treated with Civil Briefly, each treatment consisted of four pots (4" by 4") con tasTM/HarmonizerTM (160+10 oz/acre) and Folicur (2 oz/acre) taining nine plants each. Plants were planted on March 2nd. by foliar application 7DBI. Note the near lack of pustules, CivitasTM, HarmonizerTM. FolicurTM. and combinations Somewhat restricted size, and Small chlorotic halos indicative thereof were applied to test plants, by foliar application or by of a resistance response. FIG. 6 shows leaves of inoculated soil drench on March 10 (39 DBI), or 35 DBI by foliar plants that were treated with CivitasTM/HarmonizerTM (320+ 20 gal/A) by soil drench application 7 DBI. Note the lack of application on March 16th, as indicated in Table 11 (rates of pustules, restricted size, and large chlorotic halos indicative Civitas, Harmonizer, and Folicur are expressed in oZ/acre). of a resistance response. For foliar application, the treatments were applied in 0.2 mL per pot, which is the equivalent of 20 gal/A. For soil drench, Example 5 treatments were applied in 3.8 mL, which is the equivalent of Greenhouse Fusarium Head Blight Evaluation Study 400 gal/A. Plants were innoculated on April 18th. The aver 0336. The efficacy of CivitasTM, HarmonizerTM, and Foli age severity of infection was evaluated 14 days after inocu curTM alone or in combination, in controlling infection of lation on May 2nd. TABLE 11

Results of Greenhouse Spot Blotch Evaluation Study Greenhouse Spot Blotch Evaluation Study Pathogen: Bipolaris Sorokiniana

O-4, R to % Leaf Area Susceptible Carrier (severity) Infection Type Avg.

Treat ID Method (gal/A) Timing Civitas Harmonizer Folicur Treated Rep 1 Rep 2 Rep 3 Rep 1 Rep 2 Rep 3 Sev Avg. IT

O1 Foliar 2O 7DBI 160 10 O 3,8 5 5 5 2 1 1 S.O 1.3 O2 Foliar 2O 7DBI 32O 2O O 3,8 O 10 3 O 2 1 4.3 1.O O3 Drench 400 7DBI 160 10 O 3,8 5 5 O 1 1 O 3.3 0.7 O4 Drench 400 7DBI 32O 2O O 3,8 O O O O O O O.O O.O 05 Foliar 2O 1DBI 160 10 O 3.14 10 10 10 3 3 1 1O.O 2.3 O6 Foliar 2O 1DBI O O 2 3.14 5 5 O 1 2 O 3.3 1.O O7 Foliar 2O 1DBI O O 4 3.14 5 O 2 1 O 1 2.3 0.7 O8 Foliar 2O 1DBI 160 10 2 3.14 5 1 O O 1.7 O.3 Control NAA NA NA O O O NA 15 2O 15 4 4 4 16.7 4.0 US 2014/01 07070 A1 Apr. 17, 2014 24

Example 6 ners with Civitas. The total spray Volume is 15 gal/a, signifi cantly lower than the spray volume for turf applications (50 Soybean Rust Study in Georgia 100 gal/a). Accordingly, the concentrations of the Civitas 0337 The efficacy of CivitasTM, HarmonizerTM, and Head solution were much higher than in turf application (16% to lineTM (Pyraclostrobin, BASF), and Domark R230 ME (Tet 33% in this study). The treatments are listed in Table 12. The raconazole, Valent), alone or in combination, in controlling results of this study are provided in Table 13. Civitas showed infection of soybean (Glycine max) by Phakospora significant control of Phakosporapachyrhizi on Soybean. The pachyrhizi was tested in the field in Georgia. Civitas was incidence and severity were equal to or exceeded control by tested at 640 oz/a (5 gal/a) and 320 oz/a (2.5 gal/a), with and the conventional fungicides. The combination of the conven without Harmonizer. Two conventional chemical fungicides tional fungicides with Civitas alone or Civitas/Harmonzier that are labelled for soybean rust, Headline(R) and provided better efficacy than the conventional fungicides Domark R230 ME were used alone, as well as tank mix part used alone. TABLE 12 List of treatments of soybean plants prior to innoculation

Form Rate Amoun Conc. Form (OZ Appl Application Production rt No. Treatment GAIL (%) Type acre) Code Description to Measure 1 Headline 250 EC 6 AB R2-R3 9.375 ml/mix 2 Headline 250 EC 4 AB R2-R3 6.25 ml/mic 3 Headline 250 EC 4 AB R2-R3 6.25 ml/mix Civitas (1) L 640 AB R2-R3 1000.0 ml/mix 4 Headline 250 EC 4 AB R2-R3 6.25 ml/mix Civitas (1) L 320 AB R2-R3 500.0 ml/mix 8OZe (1) L 2O AB R2-R3 31.25 ml/mix 5 Headline 250 EC 4 AB R2-R3 6.25 ml/mix Civitas (1) L 640 AB R2-R3 1000.0 ml/mix Harmonizer (1) L 40 AB R2-R3 62.25 ml/mix 6 Civitas (1) L 640 AB R2-R3 1000.0 ml/mix 7 Civitas (1) L 640 AB R2-R3 1000.0 ml/mix 8OZe (1) L 40 AB R2-R3 62.25 ml/mix 8 Headline 250 EC 6 AB R2-R3 9.375 ml/mix Civitas (1) L 320 AB R2-R3 500. milmx Harmonizer (1) L 2O AB R2-R3 31.25 ml/mix 9 Domark 230 ME 23O ME 4 AB R2-R3 6.25 ml/mix 10 Domark 230 ME 23O ME 2 AB R2-R3 3.12 ml/mix 11 Domark 230 ME 23O ME 2 AB R2-R3 3.125 ml/mix Civitas (1) L 640 AB R2-R3 1000.0 ml/mix 12 Domark 230 ME 23O ME 2 AB R2-R3 3.125 ml/mix Civitas (1) L 320 AB R2-R3 500.0 ml/mix Harmonizer (1) L 2O AB R2-R3 31.25 ml/mix 13 Domark 230 ME 23O ME 2 AB R2-R3 3.125 ml/mix Civitas (1) L 640 AB R2-R3 1000.0 ml/mix Harmonizer (1) L 40 AB R2-R3 62.5 ml/mix 14 Civitas (1) L 640 AB R2-R3 1000.0 ml/mix 15 Civitas (1) L 640 AB R2-R3 1000.0 ml/mix Harmonizer (1) 40 AB R2-R3 62.5 ml/mix 16 Domark 230 ME 23O ME 4 AB R2-R3 6.25 ml/mix Civitas (1) L 320 AB R2-R3 500.0 ml/mix Harmonizer (1) L 2O AB R2-R3 31.25 ml/mix

TABLE 13 Results of Soybean Rust Study. Pest Type D Disease D Disease D Disease D Disease D Disease Pest Name SBR SBR SBR SBR SBR Crop Name Soy Bean Soy Bean Soy Bean Soy Bean Soy Bean Rating Date Oct. 21 Oct. 21 Oct. 21 Oct. 21 Nov. 17 Rating Date Type Defoliation Incidence Leaf Area Severity Yield Rating Unit % % Scale Lb. Sample Size Unit Plot Days After First Last Applic. 71.42 71.42 71.42 71.42 98.69

Trt Treatment No. Name 1 2 3 4 5

1 Headline 82.5 b-e 32.5 b-e 1.258 a O.58 a 23.7SS a 2 Headline 76.3 e 62.5 ab 3.423 a 1.45 ab 24.07O a US 2014/01 07070 A1 Apr. 17, 2014 25

TABLE 13-continued Results of Soybean Rust Study. 3 Headline 83.8 b-e 30.0 b-e 4.963 a 1.20 abc 19.660 cc Civitas 4 Headline 81.3 b-e 32.5 b-e 0.378 a 0.38 bcd 19.575 cc Civitas Harmonizer 5 Headline 83.8 b-e 20.0 code 0.213 a O.30 c. 18.868 code Civitas Harmonizer 6 Civitas 83.8 b-e 27.5 b-e 0.218 a O.30 c. 18.868 code 7 Civitas 88.8 ab 50.0 a-d 1.405 a. 0.85 bcd 18.325 def Harmonizer 8 Headline 80.8 cde 30.0 b-e 0.275 a. O.33 c. 23.370 alb Civitas Harmonizer 9 Domark 230 ME 77.5 de 30.0 b-e 0.265 a. O.30 c. 23.370 alb O Domark 230 ME 87.5 abc. 20.0 code 0.158 a O.2O c 19.688 cc 1 Domark 230 ME 87.5 abc 5.0 e OO15 a. O.OS 19.008 code Civitas 2 Domark 230 ME 85.0 a-d 17.5 de 0.105 a. O.18 c 21.030 bc. Civitas Harmonizer 3 Domark 230 ME 92.2 a. 12.5 de 0.073 a O.13 c. 16.560 ef Civitas Harmonizer 4 Civitas 86.3 abc 57.5 abc 1.460 a 0.90 bcd 18.925 ccde 5 Civitas 87.2 abc. 37.5 b-e 1.880 a O.75 bcd 16.143 f Harmonizer 6 Domark 230 ME 88.8 ab 30.0 b-e 0.375 a. 0.35 cc 18.385 def Civitas Harmonizer 7 Untreated 82.5 b-e 82.5 a. 6.233 a 2.20 a 23.210 ab Control LSD (P=.05) 7.52 39.88 4.0345 1.082 2.4490 Standard Deviation S.26 27.91 2.8232 0.757 1.7137 CV 6.24 82.15 211.5 124.35 8.61 Bartletts x2 15.841 22.741 147.989 642O7 35.418 P(Bartlett's X2) O.393 O.121 0.001: 0.001: O.OO3: Replicate F 2.920 3.678 2.208 3.515 3.563 Replicate Prob(F) O.0439 O.O183 O.O992 O.O220 O.O2O8 Treatment F 2.545 1.946 1715 2.266 8.017 Treatment Prob(F) O.OO69 O.O387 O.O760 O.O149 O.OOO1

Example 7 TABLE 1.4

Control of Leaf Rust on Wheat ANOVA table Source DF MS F-value Prob > F 0338 Leaf rust field trial was carried out on spring wheat cultivars. Spores from the spreader plots were served as Treatment 12 6.199 2.617 O.O1157 innoculum Source for the natural infection of experimental Error 39 2.3686 plots. Treatments were applied at heading (Feekes 10.1/10.2) using a CO-powered backpack sprayer operating at the pres sure of ca. 276 kPa, fitted with flat-fan spray tip (TeeJet TABLE 1.5 SS8003: Spraying Systems Co., Wheaton, Ill.), at the rate of 20 gal per acre. Prosaro (Bayer CropScience) was used as the Mean Comparisons Between Treatments: standard chemical control. Treatment Mean Group

0339 Disease rating was done 19 days after chemical Untreated 2.81 8. spray. Leaf rust severity was rated as percent leaf area Civitas, Harmonizer - 160:10 oz/acre O.88 b infected on 12 randomly selected flag leaves per plot. Data Prosaro - 6.5 oz acre O.77 b were analyzed using R statistical package. Data on leafrust Civitas, Harmonizer - 320:20 oz/acre O.67 b severity was transformed using square root and arcsin func *Treatment with same letters are not statistically different tion for analysis of variance. Means presented for rust sever ity in the graph and tables are back transformed mean value. Example 8 (0340. The treatments of Civitas/Harmonizer (160:10 oz/acre) and Civitas/Harmonizer (320:20 oz/acre) resulted in significantly low rust infection compared to control plots. The Control of Gray Leaf Spot on Corns efficacy of Civitas treatments are at par with the chemical 0341 Gray Leaf Spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis) field trial standard Prosaro (6.5 oz/acre). was conducted on hybrid corns (NK 673000GT) with natural US 2014/01 07070 A1 Apr. 17, 2014 26 infection. Civitas treatments were applied at R1 and R3 62. (canceled) growth stage with the spray rate of 20 gal per acre. Headline 63. (canceled) (BASF) and Stratego (Bayer CropScience) were applied at 64. The method of claim 54, wherein the fungal pathogen is R1 as the standard chemical control. selected from the group consisting of Bipolaris Sorokiniana, 0342 Disease rating was done about 16 days and 40 days Fusarium graminearum, and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. after R1 application. Gray leaf spot severity was rated as 65. (canceled) percent leaf area infected in the plots. 66. (canceled) 0343 All of the chemical treatments resulted in lower 67. The method of claim 54, wherein the plant is dicotyle disease severity than control plots. donous. 68. The method of claim 67, wherein the plant is of the TABLE 1.5 order Fabaceae.

16DAA 4ODAA 69. The method of claim 68, wherein the plant is of the No of application % Leaf % Leaf species Glycine max. treat- rate (fl.oz. Growth 808 88 70. The method of claim 67, wherein the fungalpathogen is ment Chemicals product A) Stage infected infected of the genus Phakopsora. untreated 2.5 A 12.0 71. The method of claim 70, wherein the fungalpathogen is 1 Civitas + 640 R1 - R3 1.O C 7.8 Phakopsora pachyrhizi or Phakopsora meibomiae. Harmonizer 40 72. The method of claim 67, wherein the plant is of the 2 Headline 6 R1 1.O C O.8 3 Stratego 10 R1 1.O C 1.O genus Gossypium. P - F O.OO84 <.OOO1 73. The method of claim 72, wherein the fungalpathogen is LSD. O.OS O.9 4.2 Phakopsora gossypii. CV9% 46 73 74. The method of claim 67, wherein the fungalpathogen is Phytophthora infestans. 0344 Although various embodiments of the invention are 75. The method of claim 54, wherein the paraffinic oil disclosed herein, many adaptations and modifications may be comprises a paraffin having a number of carbon atoms rang made within the scope of the invention in accordance with the ing from about 12 to about 50. common general knowledge of those skilled in this art. Such 76. (canceled) modifications include the Substitution of known equivalents 77. (canceled) for any aspect of the invention in order to achieve the same 78. The method of claim 54, wherein the paraffinic oil has result in Substantially the same way. a paraffin content of at least about 80%. 0345 Citation of references herein is not an admission that 79. (canceled) Such references are prior art to the present invention. Any 80. (canceled) priority document(s) and all publications, including but not 81. The method of claim 54, wherein the paraffinic oil is limited to patents and patent applications, cited in this speci used in a range from about 1 to about 3.200 oz/acre. fication are incorporated herein by reference as if each indi 82. (canceled) vidual publication were specifically and individually indi 83. The method of claim 54, wherein ratio of the paraffinic cated to be incorporated by reference herein and as though oil to the emulsifier is from 10:1 to 500:1. fully set forth herein. 84. (canceled) 0346. The invention includes all embodiments and varia 85. The method of claim 83, wherein the composition tions substantially as hereinbefore described and with refer comprises from 2 to 50 weight percent of the paraffinic oil. ence to the examples. Other implementations are within the Scope of the following claims. 86. (canceled) 1.-53. (canceled) 87. The method of claim 54, wherein the fungicidal com 54. A method of controlling infection of a crop plant by a position further comprises a demethylation inhibitor (DMI). fungal pathogen, the method comprising applying a fungi 88. The method of claim 87, further including applying a cidal composition to the plant, wherein the fungicidal com demethylation inhibitor (DMI) at a rate of 0.015 to 0.60 position comprises a paraffinic oil-in-water emulsion, the lbs/acre. paraffinic oil-in-water emulsion including a paraffinic oil and 89. The method of claim 87, wherein the DMI is tetracona an emulsifier. Zole, tebuconazole, propioconazole, azaconazole, bitertanol, 55. The method of claim 54, wherein the crop plant is bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, dinicona wheat, barley, soybean, or corn. Zole, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluguin 56. The method of claim 54, wherein the plant is mono conazole, flusilaZole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibencona cotyledonous. Zole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, 57. The method of claim 56, wherein the plant is of the prothioconazole, Simeconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, order Poaceae. triticonazole, imazalil, Oxpoconazole, pefurazoate, prochlo 58. The method of claim 57, wherein the plant is of the raz, triflumizole, fenarimol, nuarimol, triforine, or pyrifenox. genus Triticum, Secale, Hordeum, Oryza, Zea, or Elymus. 90. (canceled) 59. The method of claim 54, wherein the fungal pathogenis 91. (canceled) of the order Pucciniales. 92. (canceled) 60. The method of claim 59, wherein the fungal pathogenis 93. (canceled) of the genus Puccinia. 94. (canceled) 61. The method of claim 60, wherein the fungal pathogenis 95. (canceled) of the species Puccinia graminis, Puccinia triticina, or Puc 96. (canceled) cinia Sriiformis. 97. (canceled) US 2014/01 07070 A1 Apr. 17, 2014 27

98. The method of claim 54, wherein the fungicidal com polysaccharide, a glycerol oleate, a polyoxyethylene-polyox position further comprises a Quinone outside Inhibitor (QoI). ypropylene block copolymer, an alkyl phenol ethoxylate, a 99. The method of claim 83, further including applying a polymeric Surfactant, a polyethylene glycol, a Sorbitan fatty Quinone outside Inhibitor (QoI) to an aerial portion of the acid ester ethoxylate, or a combination thereof. plant. 108. The method of claim 105, wherein the pigment is 100. The method of claim 98, wherein the QoI is azox dispersed in oil, the emulsifier comprises a natural or Syn yStrobin, enestrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, triflox thetic alcohol ethoxylate, a polymeric Surfactant, a Sorbitan yStrobin, dimoxystrobin, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, fatty acid ester, or a combination thereof, and the composition famoxadonem, fluoxastrobin, fenamidone, or pyribencarb. further comprises a polyethylene glycol according to formula 101. (canceled) IV: 102. (canceled) 103. (canceled) 104. (canceled) wherein R1=H or CH2=CH-CH2 or COCH3; R2=H or 105. The method of claim 54, wherein the fungicidal com CH2=CH-CH2 or COCH3; and f1. position further comprises a combination of a pigment and a 109. The method of claim 105, wherein the ratio of the silicone surfactant, wherein the emulsifier, the paraffinic oil, paraffinic to the pigment is from 5:1 to 100:1. the pigment and the silicone surfactant are present in amounts 110. The method of claim 54, wherein the composition that, when applied to the plant, are synergistically effective at further comprises an anti-settling agent. controlling infection by the fungal pathogen. 111. The of claim 105, wherein the weight ratio of the 106. The method of claim 105, wherein the pigment is a pigment to the silicone surfactant is from 2:1 to 50:1. polychlorinated (CuII) phthalocyanine. 112. The method of claim 105, wherein the weight ratio of 107. The method of claim 105, wherein the pigment is the paraffinic oil to the conventional chemical fungicide is dispersed in water and the emulsifier comprises a natural or from 2:1 to 10,000:1. synthetic alcohol ethoxylate, an alcohol alkoxylate, an alkyl k k k k k