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NVMUJDVMUVSBMTFUPGTJHOJđFSTu .JTTJBT *OBDPVOUSZMJLFUIF6OJUFE 4UBUFT XIJDIJTPWFSUXFOUZđWFUJNFTUIFTJ[FPG+BQBO JUPOMZNBLFT TFOTFUIBUUIFSFXPVMECFBUMFBTUUXFOUZđWFSFHJPOBMsaijiki SJGFXJUISF- gional kigo XIJDIBSFDBMMFEchiboo kigoJO+BQBO*GPOFBDDFQUTUIBUFBDI SFHJPOTIPVMEIBWFUIFJSPXOMPDBMJ[FEkigo UIPTFkigoTIPVMEFDIPUIF MPDBMFUIBUJOTQJSFEUIFN*EFBMMZ chiboo kigoJO8FTUFSOIBJLVDBOBOE TIPVMESFTPOBUFOPUPOMZTFBTPOCVUBMTPQMBDF ăF5SPVCMFXJUI,JHPJO&OHMJTI OIJTFTTBZiSeasonality: English-language Haiku in Search of the Verti- Ical u$IBSMFT5SVNCVMMTFUTGPSUIUIFJTTVFTGBDFECZ&OHMJTIMBOHVBHF IBJLVQPFUTXIFOBUUFNQUJOHUPVTFkigo)FCFHJOTXJUIBQSPQPTBMGSPN )BSVP4IJSBOFUIBUIBJLVCFBOBMZ[FEBMPOHUXPBYFTiUIFAIPSJ[POUBM SFQSFTFOUJOH UIBU BTQFDU PG UIF QPFUTDPOTDJPVTOFTT UIBU BEESFTTFT UIF QSFTFOUBOETQFBLTUPIJTDPOUFNQPSBSJFTBOEUIFAWFSUJDBM UIFIBJLV QPFUTMJOLUPBIJTUPSJDBM DVMUVSBM BOEMJUFSBSZQBTUu 5SVNCVMM ăF BSHVNFOUJTQPTJUFEUIBUkigoJTUIFQSJNBSZUPPMUPEFWFMPQBOETUSFOHUI- FO B IBJLVT WFSUJDBM BYJT 5SVNCVMM UIFO TUBUFT UIF PCWJPVT QSPCMFN i8FTUFSOIBJLVQPFUTBSFTUJMMGBSGSPNFSFDUJOHBTBUJTGBDUPSZWFSUJDBMBYJT TFBTPOBMPSPUIFSXJTF GPSPVSXPSLu ăFJTTVF PGDPVSTF JTUIBU 8FTUFSOQPFUTEPOPUIBWFUIFMJUFSBSZIJTUPSZPSBODFTUSZVQPOXIJDIUP lean. Japanese kigo IBWFDFOUVSJFTPGDVMUVSBM SFMJHJPVTBOEMJUFSBSZIJTUP- SZVQPOXIJDIFBDIJOEJWJEVBMkigoDBOSFTU XIFSFBT8FTUFSODPVOUSJFT UIF6OJUFE4UBUFTPG"NFSJDBJOQBSUJDVMBS TJNQMZBSFOPUPMEFOPVHIBOE DFOUSBMJ[FEFOPVHIUPIBWFTVDIBMJUFSBSZIJTUPSZ PSBT5SVNCVMMBSHVFT iDVMUVSBMMJUFSBDZJO"NFSJDBJTOPUXJEFTQSFBEPSQSPCBCMZEFFQFOPVHI GPSVTUPNBLFVTFPGPVSPXOWFSUJDBMBYJTSFHVMBSMZBOEEPJUXFMMu 5SVNCVMMBEESFTTFTNBOZPGUIFTPMVUJPOTPSQPTJUJPOTUBLFOCZXFTU- FSOXSJUFSTPGIBJLVUIBUBUUFNQUUPSFTPMWFUIJTQSPCMFN GSPNUIFEPH- NBUJDi$PNFIFMMPSIJHIXBUFS XFNVTUUSZUPVOEFSTUBOE+BQBOFTFTFB- TPOBMBTTPDJBUJPOTBOEVTFUIFNJOPVSIBJLVu UPUIFEBOHFSPVTMZ MJCFSBMi4FBTPOJTOPUSFBMMZOFDFTTBSZGPSXFTUFSOIBJLVBOZOBUVSFSFG- FSFODFXJMMEPKVTUđOFu UPUIFJODMVTJWFiăFTPMVUJPOUPUIFkigo QSPCMFNPOBHMPCBMTDBMFPSFWFOXJUIJOMBSHFDPVOUSJFTJTUPEFWFMPQB 36 M!"#$% H&'() 44.3 HMPCBMTBJKJLJu BTPMVUJPOXIJDIFDIPFTUIFTFOUJNFOUTPG8JMMJBN +)JHHJOTPOTJNQPSUBOU!e Haiku Seasons and Haiku World. Trumbull SFTQPOETUPFBDIBTTFSUJPOJOUVSO QPJOUJOHPVUUIFPCWJPVTĔBXTXJUI FBDI BSHVNFOU BOE VMUJNBUFMZ EJTNJTTJOH UIFN JO UVSO BT B DPNQMFUF TPMVUJPOăFFTTBZFOETPOUIFTFMGQSPDMBJNFETPNCFSJEFBTi4FBTPO DMFBSMZFOSJDIFTIBJLVJOBOZMBOHVBHF CVUJUEPFTOPUDBOOPUJOGPSN OPO+BQBOFTFIBJLVBTJUEPFT+BQBOFTFuBOEi8FTUFSOIBJLVBOE+BQBOFTF IBJLVTJNQMZPQFSBUFXJUIJOEJĈFSFOUDVMUVSBMHFPNFUSJFTu ăFJTTVF XJUI5SVNCVMMTBSHVNFOUTJTUIBUUIFZTFFNUPXBOUBOBMMPSOPUIJOH TPMVUJPOUPUIFkigo EJTDVTTJPO IPMEJOHVQBWFSZDPOTFSWBUJWF USBEJUJPOBM DPODFQUPGkigoUPUIFQPJOUUIBUDIBMMFOHFTUPJUGSPNWBSJPVTDPSOFSTPG +BQBOFTFMJUFSBUVSFBOEIBJLVQPFUJDTBSFJHOPSFE Chiboo Kigo G QBSUJDVMBS OPUF JT 5SVNCVMMT BSHVNFOU BHBJOTU UIF QSPQPTBM 0iSBUIFSUIBOEFWFMPQNFOUPGBTJOHMF HMPCBMsaijiki UIFTPMVUJPO UPUIFkigoQSPCMFNJTBTFUPGHPPE MPDBMsaijikiu ăJTBSHVNFOU XIJDITFFNTUPUBLFJOUPDPOTJEFSBUJPOCPUIUIFVOEFSTUBOEJOHPGkigo JOSFMBUJPOTIJQUPQMBDFBTXFMMBTUIFDVMUVSBMBOEDMJNBUJDEJWFSTJUJFTPGB DPVOUSZMJLFUIF6OJUFE4UBUFT JTEJTNJTTFECZ5SVNCVMM -PDBMJ[FE saijikiNBZJODSFBTFUIFDVMUVSBMEFQUIPGBIBJLVPOBMPDBMMFWFM CVUEPFTOUUIFHMPSZPGUIFkigoTZTUFN BĕFSBMM MJFQSFDJTFMZJOJUTVOJWFS- TBMJUZ *GPOFQVSQPTFPGBsaijikiJTUPTIPXIPXWBSJPVTQPFUTBQQSPBDIB TFBTPOBMFTTFODF JTJUOPUVOsaijikiMJLFUPBEWPDBUFBQSPMJGFSBUJPOPGsaiji- kiUIBUXPVMETFSWFUPPTTJGZEJWFSHFOUBQQSPBDIFTBOENFBOJOHT 5BLFO UPBMPHJDBMFYUSFNF XPVMEOUMPDBMsaijikiCFDPNFNPSFBOENPSFFTPUFSJD MFBEJOHUPQFSTPOBMDBUDIXPSETBOE"FTPQJBOMBOHVBHF ăFQSPCMFNIFSFJTUIBUXIBU5SVNCVMMEFTDSJCFTBTiVOJWFSTBMJUZuJTOPU USVMZVOJWFSTBM"T5SVNCVMMIJNTFMGBDLOPXMFEHFT FWFOUIFNPTUCBTJD PGkigoNBZIBWFBVOJWFSTBMVOEFSTUBOEJOHJO+BQBOPS+BQBOFTFDVMUVSF CVUMPTFUIBUVOJWFSTBMJUZXIFOUSBOTMBUFEUPBOPUIFSDVMUVSF5SVNCVMM QPTJUT iXFTUFSO DPVOUSJFTQBSUJDVMBSMZ "NFSJDBBSF SBSFMZ DVMUVSBMMZ E!!"#! 37 IPNPHFOPVTDPNQBSFEUP+BQBOu BOETFFNTUPJHOPSFUIBUXFTUFSO TUVEFOUTBOESFBEFSTPGIBJLV FWFOXIFOHJWFOTVQFSCUSBOTMBUJPOT BSF TUJMMBUBDVMUVSBMEJTBEWBOUBHFBOENVTUSFBE SFTFBSDIBOEEJTDPWFSUIF DVMUVSBMNFBOJOHTPGkigoUPVOEFSTUBOEUIFJSIPNPHFOPVTVOJWFSTBMJUZ o$en using a saijikiBTBOBJEF5PUIJTFOE BsaijikiJTOPUTJNQMZBSFGFS- FODFHVJEFGPSBVUIPST CVUBMTPBUPPMGPSSFBEFST QSPWJEJOHUIFNXJUI BEFFQFSVOEFSTUBOEJOH)PXFWFS BT.JDIBFM%ZMBO8FMDIQPJOUTPVU ăFQSPCMFNXJUIUIFDPEJđDBUJPOPGkigoJTUIBUUIFZBSFDPEJđFESFMBUJWF UPBDFSUBJOQMBDF*O+BQBO kigoBSFUSBEJUJPOBMMZSFMBUJWFUP,ZPUP TPMJNJUT FYJTU FWFOJO+BQBOXSJUJOHDIFSSZCMPTTPNQPFNTJO+VOFJO)PLLBJEP CSFBLTUIFASVMFUIBUTQSJOHJTNVDIFBSMJFSGVSUIFSTPVUI 8FMDI #FDBVTFkigoDBOOPUCFTBJEUPCFVOJWFSTBMJOVOEFSTUBOEJOH MPDBMBOE SFHJPOBMVOEFSTUBOEJOHNVTUCFUBLFOJOUPDPOTJEFSBUJPOGPSUIFkigo to IBWFUSVFSFTPOBODFBOEGPSUIFIBJLVUPTVDDFFEBMPOHUIFWFSUJDBMBYJT ăJTJTCFDPNJOHUSVFFWFOJO+BQBOFTFIBJLV *UJTUIJTDPEJđDBUJPOBOEUIFJTTVFTUIBUJUQSFTFOUTXIJDIIBTMFEUP BGBJSMZSFDFOUJOOPWBUJPOJO+BQBOchiboo kigo%S(BCJ(SFWFXSJUFT UIBUsaijiki PGchiboo kigoDPMMFDUiSFHJPOBMkigo TPNFUJNFTFWFOJOEJBMFDU GSPNSVSBMBSFBTPG+BQBO/BUVSBMQIFOPNFOBBSFJODMVEFE BOENPSF JOUFSFTUJOH UIFMPDBMGFTUJWBMT GPPEBOEPUIFSOFDFTTJUJFTPGUIFEBJMZMJGFu ăFTFSFHJPOBMsaijikiTFFNUPTPMWFUIFJTTVFTPGDPEJđDBUJPOBOEPWFS IPNPHFOJ[BUJPOPGkigo FWFOXJUIJO+BQBOFTFDVMUVSF %FQFOEFOUBOE*OEFQFOEFOUChiboo Kigo O8FTUFSOIBJLV JUDBOCFBSHVFEUIBUUIFSFBMSFBEZFYJTUUXPWBSJFUJFT IPGchiboo kigoEFQFOEFOUBOEJOEFQFOEFOUBMUIPVHI VQUPUIJTQPJOU UIFZIBWFOPUCFFOJEFOUJđFEBTTVDI#PUIFRVBMMZSFQSFTFOUUIFTFBTPO PGUIFIBJLVIPXFWFS EFQFOEFOUchiboo kigoSFRVJSFFYUSBJOGPSNBUJPO GSPNUIFIBJLVUPCFVOEFSTUPPE.PSFPĕFOUIBOOPU UIJTJTCFDBVTF a writer is using a kigoUIBUIBTNVMUJQMFVTFTBDSPTTSFHJPOT+JN,BDJBO writes: 38 M!"#$% H&'() 44.3 ăFPOTFUPGSBJONFBOTTPNFUIJOHDPNQMFUFMZEJĈFSFOUUPQFPQMFJO*O- EJB JO&OHMBOE JOUIF1BDJđD/PSUIXFTU:FUJUXPVMECFSFBTPOBCMFUP FYQFDUUIFQPFUTPGUIFTFSFHJPOTUPXSJUFIBJLVCBTFEPOTVDIFYQFSJFODFT JO&OHMJTI*UTFFNTVOMJLFMZUIBUUIFTBNFkigoXPVMETVċDFGPSFBDIPG UIFN ,BDJBO ăFSFGPSF UIFkigoiPOTFUPGSBJOuXPVMEOFFEBOPUIFSJNBHFPSSFGFSFODF JOUIFIBJLVGPSJUUPUSVMZCFVOEFSTUPPEBTBkigoQBSUJDVMBSUPJUTSFTQFD- UJWFSFHJPOăJTEPFTOPUOFDFTTBSJMZNBLFJUBXFBLkigo BTJUDBOTUJMM DBSSZUIFFNPUJPOBMSFTPOBODFPGUIFTFBTPO*UTJNQMZNFBOTUIBU EVFUP UIFMJNJUBUJPOTPGMBOHVBHFBOEUIFDPOEFOTFEOBUVSFPGUIFIBJLVGPSN B QPFUNVTUNBLFFYUSBFĈPSUUPFTUBCMJTIBDMFBSSFHJPOGPSUIFJSkigo0ODF UIBUSFHJPOJTFTUBCMJTIFE UIFkigoDBSSJFTUIFSFTPOBODFQBSUJDVMBSUPUIBU region, and works as chiboo kigo. 'PS FYBNQMF UIF GPMMPXJOH IBJLV CZ #JMMJF 8JMTPO GSPN UIF POMJOF Alaska saijiki: PVUPGUIFNJTU B5MJOHJUXBSDBOPF đMMFEXJUIUPVSJTUT ăFQISBTFiUPVSJTUuJT JOEFFE BkigoăFSFJTBTQFDJđDTFBTPOGPSUPVS- JTUTJO"MBTLB BOEUIFsaijikiSFBET iEVSJOHUIFTVNNFS UIFSFBSFPĕFO UIPVTBOETNPSFUPVSJTUTJOEPXOUPXO+VOFBVUIBO"MBTLBOTuăFJTTVF PGDPVSTF JTUIBUUIFQISBTFiUPVSJTUuPSiUPVSJTUTFBTPOuJTOPUMJNJUFE UP"MBTLBăFSFBSFNBOZSFHJPOTXJUIUPVSJTUTFBTPOT BOECFDBVTFUIJT XPSEBMPOFEPFTOPUDPOOPUF"MBTLB 8JMTPOJTSFRVJSFEUPQSPWJEFBE- EJUJPOBMJOGPSNBUJPO JOUIJTDBTFUIFOBNFPGBOJOEJHFOPVTUSJCF DMFBSMZ MPDBUJOHUIFQPFNJO"MBTLBJOPUIFSXPSET UIFkigoiUPVSJTUuJTEFQFO- EFOUVQPOUIFXPSEi5MJOHJUuUPQMBDFUIFIBJLVXJUIJOBSFHJPO0ODF UIBUSFHJPOIBTCFFOFTUBCMJTIFE iUPVSJTUuCFDPNFTBDMFBSkigoPGUIBUSF- HJPOăFNPSFQPFUTGSPN"MBTLBUIBUVTFUIJTkigo UIFNPSFEFQUIXJMM CFBEEFEUPUIFXPSE BOEUIFNPSFFBDIIBJLVXJMMBDIJFWFPO4IJSBOFT WFSUJDBMTDBMF )PXFWFS UIFSF BSF JOEFQFOEFOU kigo UIBU BSF BMM CVU FYDMVTJWF UP B E!!"#! 39 QBSUJDVMBSSFHJPOăFTFkigoNJHIUCFBTPCWJPVTBTSFHJPOBMMZTQFDJđD ĔPSBBOEGBVOB PSNJHIUCFBTTVCUMFBTBMJOHVJTUJDSFHJPOBMJTNăFZEP IPXFWFS HSPVOEUIFIBJLVJOCPUIBTFBTPOBOEQMBDF BOESFQSFTFOUUIF JEFBMPGchiboo kigoJOXFTUFSOIBJLV0OFTVDISFHJPOUIBUJTMJUUFSFEXJUI TVDIkigoJTUIF4BO'SBODJTDP#BZ"SFB'PSFYBNQMF 1BUSJDJB+.BDI- NJMMFSTIBJLV )PNBO (BMMBHIFS BOE.BDINJMMFS UIFQBQFSZCJUT PGWFMFMMBWFMFMMB IPXĔFFUJOHUIJTMJGF ăFJOEFQFOEFOUchiboo kigoPGUIJTQBSUJDVMBSIBJLVJTiWFMFMMBWFMFMMBu "T.BDINJMMFSFYQMBJOTJO!e San Francisco Bay Area Nature Guide and Saijiki, #ZUIFXJOETBJMPSTBSFTNBMMKFMMZđTIPGBEFFQUSBOTQBSFOUCMVFUIBUDMVT- UFSUPHFUIFSJOMBSHFSBĕTăFZBSFCPSOJOUIF1BDJđD0DFBOPWFSUIFNJE 1BDJđD3JEHFw*GUIFZDPNFUPPDMPTFUPTIPSF
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