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Innovation-Trends-Holography-BBVA-Innovation-Center THE LATEST DEVELOPMENTS IN THE WORLD OF HOLOGRAPHY THE COMMITMENT HOLOGRAPHY History of The legal battle in Holograms 01 holography 02 the world of so 03 serving politics called holograms CASE STUDY INFOGRAPHIC 04 Microsoft´s bid 05 Advancing the for holography hologram INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES 01 History of Holography The discovery of holograms went unnoticed until the 1960s “I want to talk about because, despite the Universe as if it were a appearing as hologram. As you probably three-dimensional in know, a hologram is the the Enterprise space ship, the This is how the scientist representation of a three- TV screens in those years could Stephen Hawking started his dimensional object on a two- not, and still cannot, display presentation in Tenerife in dimensional surface, similar to a three-dimensional holographic 2014, where he defined photographic plate. Supposedly images. This will be the next holography in a more attractive I was represented by a technological revolution. In that way than any dictionary. The hologram in one of the first episode I played poker with Spanish Royal Academy says episodes of Star Trek. The Next Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein that it is "a photographic Generation. I say supposedly and Commander Data” technique based on the use of INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ coherent light produced by image corresponding to the laser. The interferences caused focused plane. However, a by the reflected light of an hologram is formed by a object with indirect lighting are confusing scheme of bright exposed. After being and dark points where all of the developed, the photographic object's optical information is plate is lit by laser light, enfolded, with the fundamental forming the three-dimensional particular feature that each part image of the original object”. of the hologram contains in turn all the information Ordinary photography is captured in the full hologram. capable of reproducing a two- dimensional image, which is When the plate is lit with laser obtained by focusing the light light, the holographic image reflected by an object on a appears, which reproduces the photographic plate that records object three-dimensionally, the intensity of the light it displaying the unfolded optical receives. In this way, the two- information. dimensional map, once developed, reconstructs the INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ Dennis Gabor, father of holography The Hungarian Dennis Gabor, who invented the hologram, explained his discovery in simple terms in this article published in 1948: "The purpose of this work is a new method for forming optical images in two stages. In a first stage, the object is lit using a coherent monochrome wave, and the diffraction pattern resulting from the interference of the secondary coherent wave coming from the object with the coherent background is recorded on the photographic plate. If the properly processed photographic plate is placed after its original position and only the coherent background is lit, an image of the object will appear behind it, in the original position.” INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ Holography, according to the The limitation was related Open Mind article Dennis to the spherical aberration of Gabor, Father of the microscope's magnetic Holography published by the lenses. Applied Physics professor of the University of Alicante and To solve this problem, Gabor member of the Augusto asked himself: "Why not take a Beléndez Spanish Royal Society poor electronic image, but of Physics, took its first steps in which contains its ‘total’ 1947 in a laboratory of an information, rebuild it and electrical engineering company correct it using optical where Gabor worked on the methods?”. "coherent background" improvement of the electronic He came up with the answer to (reference wave) that would be microscope. this question while waiting to recorded on a photographic play a tennis match on Easter plate. This instrument increased by Sunday in 1947, and it involved one hundred times the considering a two-stage Gabor called this interferogram resolution power of the best process. In the first stage, the hologram, from the Greek optical microscopes and was recording, he would produce ‘holos’, which means ‘the very close to resolving atomic the interference diagram whole’, as it contains the total structures, but the systems between the object electron information (amplitude and were not perfect enough. beam (object wave) and a phase) of the object wave. INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ In the second stage, the spent the rest of the year they applied the electronic reconstruction, he would lit the working on his ‘new microscope method, and hologram with visible light, microscopy principle’. second, the hologram rebuild the front of the original reconstruction stage, which was wave and would be able to Giving up imperfect. correct it using optical methods Around 50 articles on Gabor's to obtain a good image. technique were published Gabor's method generates a in the 1950s. hologram on an axis whose Thus, the physical principles of However, only small and blurry quality is poor due to the holography are based on the images were achieved. overlapping of the virtual image wavelike nature of Researchers lost interest for two and the real, or combined light and interference (in the reasons. image. When gazing at the recording stage) virtual or real image, another and diffraction (in the First, the impossibility of unfocused image always reconstruction stage). Gabor obtaining optimal results when appears as a background. INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ In 1955, after researching of the laser in 1960, and thanks several optical montages with particularly to the contributions the aim of minimizing the effect by Emmett Leith -who recorded of the combined image, Gabor the first hologram of a three- gave up his research dimensional object in 1964- into holography. rehabilitated Gabor, who from being virtually unknown But, as the Spanish scientist received the Nobel Prize for says, everything changed in the Physics in 1971 “for his 1960s. The holographic invention and development of explosion, which originated in the holographic method”. the United States in the early 1970s following the invention INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ 02 The legal battle in the world of so- called holograms The companies using technology to "resuscitate" the deceased on stage and screen have run into the long arm of the law INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ In August 2012, Freddy Tupac Shakur reappeared in particular like to call it a Mercury was brought to life on stage, 15 years after being hologram, although this is a again to mark the closing gunned down in a street in Las misnomer (...) The device is ceremony of the Olympic Vegas on the way home from a conceived more like the Games held in the British Mike Tyson fight. With his theatrical trick invented by the capital. A few months earlier, in companions Snoop Dogg and chemist John Henry Pepper, Coachella in Indio (California), Dr. Dree –both living–, he once which was used in 1862 in the again performed in a concert. play by Charles Dickens Next year in 2016 the entitled The haunted man. American singer Whitney Houston –who died four years There the deception was ago– is also expected to achieved with a pane of glass reappear on the same on which was projected an Californian stage. image reflected from a mirror offstage. Now the heavy pane The business fever around the of glass has been replaced by world of these misnamed an invisible screen. This is holograms appears to be placed with an inclination of limitless. As explained in this 45° and offers the very vivid article published in El País: “The impression that the artist is public in general and the press really performing live”. INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ Whether or not it's called a hologram, there's no question that the craze is far from over. And it continues to move money. The Greek multimillionaire Alki David – whose company Hologram USA specializes in reviving celebrities– has already invested 15 million dollars. In a small room in Beverly Hills you can see Michael Jackson, Ray Charles, Mariah Carey, Mick Jagger and Sinatra. He also makes the real-life Julian Assange and Edward Snowden engage in a lively conversation. INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 And although at the start it used to digitally revive the Hologram USA also sued the looked like holograms were rapper Tupac Shakur asked the Cirque du Soleil and MGM going to feature prominently in American law courts to ban the Resorts International for their hit concerts in US and European use of their techniques to show entitled "Michael Jackson capitals, their cost– the two project a hologram of the King ONE" in Las Vegas. The show songs by the rapper Tupac cost of Pop. Hologram USA Inc. and included a presentation of a around 400,000 dollars– and Musion Das Hologram Ltd. sued digital version of Jackson, which the legal battle launched by two Jackson's heirs, arguing that the company claims is an companies in the sector have they were the patent holders for unlawful use of their quelled the entertainment the technology that creates the technology. sector's holographic fever. 3D images and projects them The legal battle in the world of onstage to look like they're holograms has only just begun – Days before the Billboard Music actually performing alongside a battle fought by the living who Awards ceremony in 2014, other live musicians. want to revive, if only for a few which was expected to feature a minutes, the dead.
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