THE LATEST DEVELOPMENTS IN THE WORLD OF HOLOGRAPHY THE COMMITMENT HOLOGRAPHY History of The legal battle in Holograms 01 holography 02 the world of so 03 serving politics called holograms

CASE STUDY INFOGRAPHIC 04 Microsoft´s bid 05 Advancing the for holography hologram

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES 01 History of Holography

The discovery of holograms went unnoticed until the 1960s

“I want to talk about because, despite the Universe as if it were a appearing as hologram. As you probably three-dimensional in know, a hologram is the the Enterprise space ship, the This is how the scientist representation of a three- TV screens in those years could Stephen Hawking started his dimensional object on a two- not, and still cannot, display presentation in Tenerife in dimensional surface, similar to a three-dimensional holographic 2014, where he defined photographic plate. Supposedly images. This will be the next holography in a more attractive I was represented by a technological revolution. In that way than any dictionary. The hologram in one of the first episode I played poker with Spanish Royal Academy says episodes of Star Trek. The Next Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein that it is "a photographic Generation. I say supposedly and Commander Data” technique based on the use of

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ coherent light produced by image corresponding to the laser. The interferences caused focused plane. However, a by the reflected light of an hologram is formed by a object with indirect lighting are confusing scheme of bright exposed. After being and dark points where all of the developed, the photographic object's optical information is plate is lit by laser light, enfolded, with the fundamental forming the three-dimensional particular feature that each part image of the original object”. of the hologram contains in turn all the information Ordinary photography is captured in the full hologram. capable of reproducing a two- dimensional image, which is When the plate is lit with laser obtained by focusing the light light, the holographic image reflected by an object on a appears, which reproduces the photographic plate that records object three-dimensionally, the intensity of the light it displaying the unfolded optical receives. In this way, the two- information. dimensional map, once developed, reconstructs the

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ Dennis Gabor, father of holography The Hungarian Dennis Gabor, who invented the hologram, explained his discovery in simple terms in this article published in 1948: "The purpose of this work is a new method for forming optical images in two stages. In a first stage, the object is lit using a coherent monochrome wave, and the diffraction pattern resulting from the interference of the secondary coherent wave coming from the object with the coherent background is recorded on the photographic plate. If the properly processed photographic plate is placed after its original position and only the coherent background is lit, an image of the object will appear behind it, in the original position.”

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ Holography, according to the The limitation was related Open Mind article Dennis to the spherical aberration of Gabor, Father of the microscope's magnetic Holography published by the lenses. Applied Physics professor of the University of Alicante and To solve this problem, Gabor member of the Augusto asked himself: "Why not take a Beléndez Spanish Royal Society poor electronic image, but of Physics, took its first steps in which contains its ‘total’ 1947 in a laboratory of an information, rebuild it and electrical engineering company correct it using optical where Gabor worked on the methods?”. "coherent background" improvement of the electronic He came up with the answer to (reference wave) that would be microscope. this question while waiting to recorded on a photographic play a tennis match on Easter plate. This instrument increased by Sunday in 1947, and it involved one hundred times the considering a two-stage Gabor called this interferogram resolution power of the best process. In the first stage, the hologram, from the Greek optical microscopes and was recording, he would produce ‘holos’, which means ‘the very close to resolving atomic the interference diagram whole’, as it contains the total structures, but the systems between the object electron information (amplitude and were not perfect enough. beam (object wave) and a phase) of the object wave.

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ In the second stage, the spent the rest of the year they applied the electronic reconstruction, he would lit the working on his ‘new microscope method, and hologram with visible light, microscopy principle’. second, the hologram rebuild the front of the original reconstruction stage, which was wave and would be able to Giving up imperfect. correct it using optical methods Around 50 articles on Gabor's to obtain a good image. technique were published Gabor's method generates a in the 1950s. hologram on an axis whose Thus, the physical principles of However, only small and blurry quality is poor due to the holography are based on the images were achieved. overlapping of the virtual image wavelike nature of Researchers lost interest for two and the real, or combined light and interference (in the reasons. image. When gazing at the recording stage) virtual or real image, another and diffraction (in the First, the impossibility of unfocused image always reconstruction stage). Gabor obtaining optimal results when appears as a background.

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ In 1955, after researching of the laser in 1960, and thanks several optical montages with particularly to the contributions the aim of minimizing the effect by Emmett Leith -who recorded of the combined image, Gabor the first hologram of a three- gave up his research dimensional object in 1964- into holography. rehabilitated Gabor, who from being virtually unknown But, as the Spanish scientist received the Nobel Prize for says, everything changed in the Physics in 1971 “for his 1960s. The holographic invention and development of explosion, which originated in the holographic method”. the United States in the early 1970s following the invention

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ 02 The legal battle in the world of so- called holograms The companies using technology to "resuscitate" the deceased on stage and screen have run into the long arm of the law

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ In August 2012, Freddy Tupac Shakur reappeared in particular like to call it a Mercury was brought to life on stage, 15 years after being hologram, although this is a again to mark the closing gunned down in a street in Las misnomer (...) The device is ceremony of the Olympic Vegas on the way home from a conceived more like the Games held in the British Mike Tyson fight. With his theatrical trick invented by the capital. A few months earlier, in companions Snoop Dogg and chemist John Henry Pepper, Coachella in Indio (California), Dr. Dree –both living–, he once which was used in 1862 in the again performed in a concert. play by Charles Dickens Next year in 2016 the entitled The haunted man. American singer Whitney Houston –who died four years There the deception was ago– is also expected to achieved with a pane of glass reappear on the same on which was projected an Californian stage. image reflected from a mirror offstage. Now the heavy pane The business fever around the of glass has been replaced by world of these misnamed an invisible screen. This is holograms appears to be placed with an inclination of limitless. As explained in this 45° and offers the very vivid article published in El País: “The impression that the artist is public in general and the press really performing live”.

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ Whether or not it's called a hologram, there's no question that the craze is far from over. And it continues to move money. The Greek multimillionaire Alki David – whose company Hologram USA specializes in reviving celebrities– has already invested 15 million dollars. In a small room in Beverly Hills you can see Michael Jackson, Ray Charles, Mariah Carey, Mick Jagger and Sinatra. He also makes the real-life Julian Assange and Edward Snowden engage in a lively conversation.

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 And although at the start it used to digitally revive the Hologram USA also sued the looked like holograms were rapper Tupac Shakur asked the Cirque du Soleil and MGM going to feature prominently in American law courts to ban the Resorts International for their hit concerts in US and European use of their techniques to show entitled "Michael Jackson capitals, their cost– the two project a hologram of the King ONE" in Las Vegas. The show songs by the rapper Tupac cost of Pop. Hologram USA Inc. and included a presentation of a around 400,000 dollars– and Musion Das Hologram Ltd. sued digital version of Jackson, which the legal battle launched by two Jackson's heirs, arguing that the company claims is an companies in the sector have they were the patent holders for unlawful use of their quelled the entertainment the technology that creates the technology. sector's holographic fever. 3D images and projects them The legal battle in the world of onstage to look like they're holograms has only just begun – Days before the Billboard Music actually performing alongside a battle fought by the living who Awards ceremony in 2014, other live musicians. want to revive, if only for a few which was expected to feature a minutes, the dead. hologram of Michael Jackson, This was not the first legal battle the owners of the technology in the world of holograms.

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ 03 Holograms serving politics

Holography is now part of political campaigns in the United States and India How to be in 140 political rallies To achieve this, he hired the at once. India, the second most services of the company populated country on the Hologram USA, run by Greek planet, with 1.2 billion people, multimillionaire Alkiviades has seen how Narendra Modi David. A success that didn't go took advantage of the unnoticed by the powers who possibilities that holograms want to use the same model to provide to his political career. get closer to citizens.

Obsessed with social networks, As highlighted by a recent Modi was named prime minister article in the Washington Post, of India after beating Rahul hologram technology is Gandhi in May. The son of a tea reaching the capital of the merchant, he knew how to use United States in hope that technology to put an end to the everything it's done for the Gandhis' reign and convince entertainment industry in recent most of the 814 million voters. years (resurrecting the country's most famous artists) can be replicated in political campaigns. For now, no one has thought of "resurrecting" John Fitzgerald Kennedy next to Barack Obama, although in the country of entertainment

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ projecting realistic copies of that, alongside Hologram USA, politicians is on the agenda of is going to use the technology- all parties, whatever side they and former Congress advisor, might be on. noted that the technology increases interaction between The American newspaper voters and the presidential mentions that Hologram USA, candidates who simply can't the company specializing in make a physical appearance in holographic technology, wants all cities, even in crucial states. to replicate the Indian phenomenon in the streets of We're going to be in New U.S. cities. Alkiviades David Hampshire with Clinton", declared that he's an admirer of explained Taylor. the Republican Senator from Kentucky, Rand Paul, and of "She can make a remote Democratic candidate Hillary appearance by means of a Clinton, "or of any other person hologram in places that aren't looking to improve their possible to visit due to her communication with voters". schedule, answering questions Jeffrey Taylor, managing in a kind of meeting in a virtual partner of USGRI (U.S. city hall", explained Taylor. Government Relations "The only thing you can't do is International)- the company shake her hand", he added.

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ Crítics holographic technology is much Senator campaigns; a There are critics, because more expensive than online considerable investment even people generally want to see chat, which candidates can do for White House candidates. candidates in person and in on Facebook and Twitter. "But their city, and however is the impact on the voter Although, as the Washington advanced the technology may greater than with Skype or Post points out, "the perpetual be, it's not able to achieve that. Google Hangout, for example?" desire to make noise in asks Moffatt. American politics could ”Hologram technology has to encourage holography in both complement the human Alkiviades David calculates that Democrat and Republican element", said Zac Moffatt, the cost of making holography conventions, which normally try digital director of the a reality in the United States to outdo each other to attract Republican Party candidate, would be around 6 million media attention. Mitt Romney. dollars per month. Neither must we forget that Way over the budget of most

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ "With the advances in artificial improve the technology: "in For those who are wary, intelligence, we'll soon be able military simulations and Alkiviades David is categorical: "I to have holograms of informative sessions, or for the think that everything we can presidential candidates and President to be able to write about it, evangelize or interact with them", wrote David communicate with more imagine, is not sufficient; you Plouffe, who ran Obama's Americans. He could be talking don't get the true impact of campaign in 2008, in The Wall in a sixth grade classroom in what it actually is until you see Street Journal. Missouri without the travel and it", he concluded. Beyond politics, David and security expenses". Taylor see other reasons to

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ 04 Microsoft's bid for Holography

The HoloLens headset is aimed at businesses and will cost around $3,000.

HoloLens is Microsoft's bid in the holographic industry. The US company's Holographic project is a computer called HoloLens: augmented reality glasses that superimpose holograms in the environment to be able to interact with it.

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ HoloLens includes a whole wireless and operates have an application that plays computer with CPU, GPU, autonomously. video suspended against our sensors and HD screen, in Xataka also highlights that "The couch where we rest, or a addition to a camera similar to future of Windows is Skype conversation elsewhere Kinect to identify what holographic and spectacular in the room." surrounds us and gestures we thanks to the HoloLens Project" It adds: "But the idea is not make with our hands or voice. and it explains that it makes it limited to creating flat windows possible to "project windows in in the middle of the room, it As highlighted by the specialist the middle of the real elements can create vivid 3D objects, magazine Xataka: everything is of our environment, we can which we can surround and

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ and interact from different headset on, a digital HoloLens has a narrow field of points that an object with representation of a Volvo S90, view: the portion of one’s vision dimensions has. a new premium sedan, on which it can project digital This last part is the essence of materialized. (The car will be images. Imagine a small the HoloLens Project". introduced, in physical rectangle suspended several form, at an auto show in feet in front of your eyes, a The New York Times is more Detroit in January).” shape that travels wherever you critical of the experience. The turn your head. That is the journalists from the American And what do they think about HoloLens’s canvas. HoloLens newspaper attend a the experience? "With HoloLens doesn’t project anything into a demonstration “on a HoloLens on, you could walk around the subject’s peripheral vision or application that it had created sedan to look at the car from above or below that rectangle.” with Volvo Cars, the Swedish different angles. In another part carmaker." They relate, "The of the room, the headset For critics: "The experience is demonstration took place in a projected a video of the car on much less immersive than that large room made to look a road to simulate the vehicle’s of a virtual reality headset like something like a minimalistic autonomous driving features. the Oculus Rift, which envelops Volvo dealership, with a large one’s vision with imagery, elevated platform where a A toy, car-size version of the blocking the view of the vehicle would normally be on S90 appeared on a pedestal, its physical world. display. collision-detection sensors It’s a bit like the difference lighting up for a person who between looking at an IMAX The platform had nothing on it, wore a HoloLens and circled screen and at a 36-inch but if you had a HoloLens around the car. television set."

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ Microsoft, meanwhile, defends education applications. The Customers should be able to itself. Scott Erickson, a senior latest version of the headset, use HoloLens to see what the director of HoloLens in which will be available in the car would be like in a certain the US company, explained that first quarter of next year, will color, and with an accessory developers and other potential cost $3,000. package other than those in customers of the headset stock. should not be intimidated by its Proof of this is the experience A step further with the field of view. described with Volvo, which technology but insufficient. plans to start using HoloLens in As Volvo also noted, "If you We must also not forget 2016 to improve the shopping want to see the car, feel the that HoloLens is focusing experience of their cars for their car, the physical experience mainly on business and customers. will not disappear".

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ 05/INFOGRAPHIC Advances in holographic technology

Holograms are three-dimensional images that are used on credit cards, DVDs and CDs to prevent counterfeiting. The larger ones have also been used in the entertainment industry.

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INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ Brief History 1891 Grabriel Lippmann

He presented the “Lippman photograph” that enabled a photographic plate to record the color on a picture.

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1947 Dennis Gabor

He invented the wavefront reconstruction technique using the principles of diffracction.

1958 Y.N. Denisyuk

He tried to créate 3D images using Lippman´s technique.

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ Brief History 1962 C. Townes Hakd

The hologram possibilities soared with the advent of laser, which was100%invented bythis russian. 92%

1962 Y.N. Denisyuk

He made reflections hologramas for the first time, using thick emulsions to obtain quite high diffraction efficiency.

1968 Benton S. A.

He made the 2image” holograms, also know as rainbow holograms.

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ Brief History 1970 RCA.

Radio Corporation of America made the first attempt to market holograms.

1974 Bartolini

He published the first outstanding results for repication, making holograms accesible to the public.

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ How it works Virtual image Holography is a photographic process that uses lenses and mirrors to direct and focus a laser beam. Laser light is used due to its properties: spatial and temporal coherence (light that travels in a ordely manner), and also monochromatic. Photographic Reconstruction plate beam

Reconstructed wavefront

View

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 Aplications

Microscopy Information medium

The entired field of visión is Laser are used to “write” the recorded wich the information information on a photosensible on depth. Each hologram can polymer over the whole storage be analyzed, and it is “frozen” médium´s volume. in time.

Procesado óptico de información Accurate measuring techniques

It´s user to compare images that Double-exposure holographic are similar to each other, and interferometry enables very small only wich differences in small changes between the same objets details. under diferentes conditions to be found.

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ Aplicaciones

Monitoring Medicine

The objets can be recorded Highly realistic, high- on a 3D image to examine resolutions holograms that all the details. can be projected in a system of mirrors in free space.

Anti-counterfeiting- Identification

To prevent counterfeiting of important documents. They are ussually rainbow holograms that can be viewed with White light.

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES · NOVEMBER 2015 · www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/en/ share

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