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MAKALAH DEMOGRAFI ASEAN Demografi Negara Thailand Dosen MAKALAH DEMOGRAFI ASEAN Demografi Negara Thailand Dosen Pengampu: M. Al-Haris, S.Si, M.Si Disusun Oleh: Kelompok 7 Fitria Fatimah Kola (B2A019011) Ardi Oktavian Winarta (B2A019036) Ikwan Prastyo (B2A019044) M. Haris Pratama (B2A019045) Suci Mega Puji Lestari (B2A019053) PROGRAM STUDI STATISTIKA FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SEMARANG KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur penulis panjatkan ke hadirat Allah SWT, karena atas limpahan Rahmat dan Anugerah-Nya berupa pengetahuan dan kesehatan sehingga penulisan makalah ini bisa selesai tepat pada waktunya. Adapun tujuan dari penulisan makalah ini ialah untuk memenuhi tugas pada mata kuliah Demogra ASEAN. Selain itu juga, penulisan makalah ini bertujuan untuk menambah wawasan pembaca mengenai wilayah ASEAN. Penulis berharap semoga makalah ini bisa menambah pengetahuan para pembaca. Namun terlepas dari itu, penulis memahami bahwa makalah ini masih jauh dari kata sempurna, sehingga penulis sangat mengharapkan kritik serta saran yang bersifat membangun demi terciptanya makalah selanjutnya yang lebih baik lagi. Semarang, 11 mei 2021 i DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR.................................................................................................................................... i DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................................................... ii BAB I ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Tujuan Penulisan ........................................................................................................................... 2 BAB II ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 PEMBAHASAN ......................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Profil Negara Thailand ................................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Kondisi Demografi Negara Thailand ............................................................................................. 4 a. Angka Kelahiran (fertilisasi) di Negara Thailand ..................................................................... 5 b. Angka Kematian (Mortalitas) di Negara Thailand ................................................................... 6 c. Migrasi................................................................................................................................... 10 2.3 Komposisi Pendudk Thailand ...................................................................................................... 11 2.4 Bonus Demografi Thailand .......................................................................................................... 14 2.5 Kondisi Sosial, Ekonomi, dan Pendidikan Negara Tahiland ........................................................ 15 BAB III .................................................................................................................................................... 20 PENUTUP ............................................................................................................................................... 20 3.1 Kesimpulan .................................................................................................................................. 20 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................................................. 21 ii BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Thailand adalah salah satu negara yang terletak di Asia Tenggara, yang dijuluki sebagai negara Gajah. Thailand sendiri termasuk kedalam negara berkembang. Secara kultural baik dari segi budaya, dan agama penduduk Thailand lebih mendominasi sebagai pemeluk agama Budha. Hampir 93,6% penduduknya memeluk agama Budha. Thailand sendri merupakan salah satu pusat budaya dan ekonomi terkemuka di Asia Tenggara. Jika dilihat dari letak geografis negara Thailand berbatasan dengan negara Myanmar disebalah barat dan utara, di timur dengan negara kamboja, di selatan dengan neegara Malaysia, dan di timur laut dengan negara Laos. Dalam suatu wilayah struktur penduduknya meliputi jumlah persebaran, dan komposisi penduduk. Struktur penduduk di suatu wilayah sering mengalami perubahan dari waktu ke waktu.dikarenakan adanya proses Demografi. Proses Demografi terdir atas kelahiran, kematian, dan migrasi. Demografi atau ilmu kependudukan merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari tentang dinamika kependudukan manusia. Sedangkan ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) adalah organisasi Kawasan yang mewadahi Kerjasama negara di Asia Tenggra. Jadi Demografi ASEAN merupakan Ilmu yang mempelajari dinamika kependudukan manusia di negara ASEAN. 1.2 Rumusan Masalah 1. Bagaimana profil negara Thailand 2. Bagaiman kondisi demografi Negara Thailand a. Angka kematian b. Angka kelahiran c. Migrasi 3. Komposisi Penduduk Negara Thailand 4. Bonus Demografi Thailand 5. Kondisi Sosial, Ekonomi, dan Pendidikan Negara Tahiland 1 1.3 Tujuan Penulisan 1. Untuk mengetahui bagaimana profil dari negara Thailand 2. Untuk mengetahui bagaimana kondisi demografi di negara Thailand yang meliputi: a. Angka kelahirannya b. Angka kematiannya, dan c. Migrasi 3. Untuk mengetahui bagaimana komposisi penduduk Thailand 4. Untuk mengetahui bagimana bonus demografi Thailand 5. Untuk mengetahui bagaimana kondisi sosial, ekonomi dan Pendidikan di Thailand. 2 BAB II PEMBAHASAN 2.1 Profil Negara Thailand Thailand adalah negara monarki konstitusional yang terletak di Asia Tenggara. Dengan sistem pemerintahan monarki konstitusional tersebut, kepala negara Thailand adalah seorang Raja, dan kepala pemerintahannya ialah seorang Perdana Menteri. Negara Thailand memiliki luas sebesar 513.120 km2 dengan jumlah penduduknya adalah sebanyak 68. 615. 858 jiwa (2018). Mayoritas penduduk Thailand ber etnis Thai dan memeluk agama Budha. Secara astronomis dan geografis negara yang nama lokalnya disebut mueng thai terletak di antara 5º-21º LU dan 97º-106º BT. Serta berbatasan dengan Laos dan Kamboja di sebelah timurnya, sedangkan di sebelah baratnya berbatasan dengan Myanmar dan laut Andaman. Sebelumnya negara Thailand dikenal dengan sebutan negara siam. Gambar 2.1 merupakan peta negara Thailand Thailand adalah salah satu negara pendiri ASEAN Bersama dengan Indonesia, Singapura, Malaysia, dan Filipina. Bangkok merupakan ibu kota dari negara Thailand yang mana adalah tempat didirikannya organisasi geo- politik dan ekonomi ASEAN. Selain itu Thailand juga termasuk ke dalam anggota PBB dan Lembaga-lembaga di bawah PBB, serta menjadi anggota APEC dan Interpol. Tabel 2.1 merupakan profil lengkap negara Thailand Nama Lengkap : Kerajaan Thailand (Kingdom of Thailand) Bentuk Pemerintahan : Monarki Konstitusional 3 Kepala Negara : Raja WACHIRALONGKON Bodinthrathepphayawarangkun (sejak 1 Desember 2016) Kepala Pemerintahan : Perdana Menteri Jenderal PRAYUT Chan-ocha (sejak 25 Agustus 2014) Ibukota : Bangkok Luas Wilayah : 513.120 km2 Jumlah Penduduk : 68.615.858 jiwa (2018) Pertumbuhan Penduduk : 0,29% (2018) Angka Kelahiran : 11 bayi per 1000 penduduk (2018) Suku Bangsa/Etnis : Thai 97.5%, Myanmar 1.3%, lain-lain 1.1% (2015) Bahasa Resmi : Bahasa Thai Agama : Buddha 94.6%, Islam 4.3%, Kristen 1%, Lain-lain <0.1% (2015) Mata Uang : Baht Hari Nasional : 5 Desember 1927 (Hari Lahir Raja PHUMIPHON (BHUMIBOL)) Lagu Kebangsaan : Phleng Chat Thai” (National Anthem of Thailand) Kode Domain Internet : .th Kode Telepon : 66 Pendapatan Per Kapita : USD. 17.900,- Pendapatan Domestik Bruto Nominal : USD. 1,235 triliun Lokasi : Benua Asia (Asia Tenggara) 2.2 Kondisi Demografi Negara Thailand Jumlah penduduk Thailand adalah sekita 64 juta jiwa. Pertumbuhan rata-ratanya 1,5%, dengan kematian bayi sebesar 26 jiwa dari 1.000 bayi yang lahir. Jumlah penduduk yang melek huruf sebesar 93.8%. Pertumbuhan rata- rata penduduk Thailand lebih tinggi dari Cina (1,2%), tetapi lebih rendah dari negara-negara tetangga lainnya, yaitu Laos, Filipina, Malaysia, Vietnam, Kamboja, Myanmar dan Indonesia. Hubungan antar suku di Thailand masuk kedalam kategori hubungan yang harmonis, sebab tidak pernah terjadi konflik antar suku. meski tidak ada suku minoritas di Thailand (seperti suku kurdi di Irak, Iran dan Turki), tetapi ada banyak suku-suku bangsa kecil yang hidup 4 bermasyarakat di samping masyarakat Thai sendiri. Kebanyakan masyarakat suku-suku bangsa ini tinggal di wilayah bagian utara Thailand. Di samping masyarakat Thai sendiri, ada juga masyakat budaya lain yang tinggal di Thailand. Semenjak awal abad milenium kedua masehi, mulai banyak orang yang berimigrasi ke Thailand. Sehingga saat ini masyarakat Thailand sudah berbaur dengan masyarakat imigran yang tinggal di Thailand. Adapula sejumlah kawasan khusus bagi masyarakat pendatang. a. Angka Kelahiran (fertilisasi) di Negara Thailand Tabel Tingkat Kelahiran
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