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Escharopsis Kurilensis Sp. N. (Cheilostomatida: Umbonulidae) – Новый Вид Хейлостомных Мшанок Из Района Курильских Островов © 2019 Г

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Escharopsis Kurilensis Sp. N. (Cheilostomatida: Umbonulidae) – Новый Вид Хейлостомных Мшанок Из Района Курильских Островов © 2019 Г БИОЛОГИЯ МОРЯ, 2019, том 45, № 4, с. 275–278 КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ УДК 594.713 ESCHAROPSIS KURILENSIS SP. N. (CHEILOSTOMATIDA: UMBONULIDAE) – НОВЫЙ ВИД ХЕЙЛОСТОМНЫХ МШАНОК ИЗ РАЙОНА КУРИЛЬСКИХ ОСТРОВОВ © 2019 г. В. И. Гонтарь* Зоологический институт РАН, Санкт-Петербург 199034, Россия *e-mail: [email protected] Поступила в редакцию 22.06.2018 г. После доработки 15.02.2019 г. Принята к публикации 28.03.2019 г. Описан новый вид хейлостомной мшанки Escharopsis kurilensis sp. n. из семейства Umbonulidae, от- носящегося к подотряду Flustrina. Фрагменты колонии были собраны у о-ва Шиашкотан (северные Курильские острова) на глубине 650–800 м. Новый вид отличается от других видов рода удлинен- ными аутозооидами, суженными на проксимальном крае; отсутствием синуса на проксимальном крае первичного отверстия; формой округлого авикулярия у проксимального края орифиция и внешней морфологией овицеллы. В северных морях род Escharopsis представлен единственным ви- дом Escharopsis lobata (Lamouroux, 1821). В морях Дальнего Востока этот род представлен тремя ви- дами: E. lobata, E. tatarica Androsova, 1958 и E. kurilensis Gontar sp. n. Ключевые слова: Escharopsis kurilensis sp. n., хейлостоматиды, мшанки, Курильские острова DOI: 10.1134/S0134347519040089 Информация о фауне мшанок, населяющих МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДИКА батиальную зону Курильской гряды, очень ограни- Для исследования морфологии колонии и ауто- чена. По материалам 33-го рейса НПС “Одиссей”, зооидов образец обрабатывали жавелевой водой – который состоялся в мае–октябре 1984 г., был со- раствором солей калия хлорноватистой и соляной ставлен список, включающий 93 известных для кислот (KOCl + KCl). Затем материал отмывали во- науки вида мшанок (из них у средних Курил от- дой и сушили на воздухе. После предварительного мечены 80 видов) из отрядов Cyclostomatida, Cte- напыления платиной (слой толщиной 30 нм) фраг- nostomatida и Cheilostomatida (Гонтарь, 1993). На мент колонии изучали с помощью электронного основании этого материала были описаны девять микроскопа FEI Quanta 250 (Балашов, Леонович, новых видов хейлостомных мшанок (Gontar, 1984). Типовой материал хранится в Зоологическом 1993). Вид Gontarella gigantea Grischenko, Taylor институте (ЗИН) РАН (Санкт-Петербург). and Mawatari, 2002 был собран 14-й экспедицией ТИБОХ на исследовательском судне “Академик Опарин” в 1991 г. у о-ва Хабомаи (о-в Зеленый, СИСТЕМАТИЧЕСКАЯ ЧАСТЬ Малая Курильская гряда) на глубине 535 м Отряд Cheilostomatida Busk, 1852 (Grischenko et al., 2002). В статье Грищенко и Чер- нышева (Grischenko, Chernyshev, 2018) приводит- Подотряд Flustrina Smitt, 1868 ся циклостомная мшанка Bicrisia abyssicola Kluge, Надсемейство Lepralielloidea Vigneaux, 1949 найденная в проливе Буссоль на глубине 2267 м. Семейство Umbonulidae Canu, 1904 Основными задачами экспедиции Всесоюзного на- учно-исследовательского института рыбного хо- Род Escharopsis Verrill, 1879 зяйства и океанографии в 1984 г. в районе Куриль- Зоарии в начале стелющиеся, обрастающие; ских островов были поиск скоплений рыб и дру- впоследствии формируется свободно растущая гих промысловых объектов, а также сбор морских двуслойная часть. Фронтальная поверхность организмов для выявления биологически актив- аутозооидов слабовыпуклая, ограниченная рядом ных веществ. Большинство бентосных работ про- мелких краевых пор. Первичное отверстие округ- ведено в батиали на глубинах от 200 до 2000 м. В лое с полукруглым синусом или же со слабовогну- сборах на станции южнее о-ва Шиашкотан обна- тым проксимальным краем. С дальнейшим обыз- ружена хейлостомная мшанка, которая является вествлением фронтальной стенки может образо- новым видом Escharopsis kurilensis sp. n. ваться вторичное отверстие с полукруглым или 275 276 ГОНТАРЬ АУТ П ОР (а) (б) ОВОВ АВ (в) (г) Рис. 1. Escharopsis kurilensis sp. n. (СЭМ). а – фрагмент колонии; б – видоспецифичные признаки, характерные для аутозооидов; в – форма и расположение авикулярия; г – форма и скульптура фронтальной поверхности овицеллы. Условные обозначения: АУТ – аутозооид, АВ – авикулярий, ОВ – овицелла, ОР – орифиций, П – поры. Масштаб: а – 2 мм, б – 500 мкм, в – 200 мкм, г – 400 мкм. прямым узким длинным синусом на проксималь- large (up to 1.14–1.2 mm long, with width varying ном крае либо без него. В полукруглом синусе from 0.28 mm at the proximal end to 0.57 mm in the между первичным и вторичным отверстиями с central part), arranged in straight or oblique rows. одной или с обеих сторон развиваются овальные Convex and granular frontal wall of autozooids cov- авикулярии, а сбоку прямого синуса на наружной ered with epitheca; it possesses a single row of numer- поверхности может присутствовать круглый ави- ous large areolar marginal pores divided by short, nar- кулярий. Кроме последнего на других участках row ribs directed to the central part of autozooid. Round- фронтальной поверхности иногда располагаются ed primary orifice has a diameter of 260–300 μm; its подобные мелкие круглые авикулярии. Овицел- proximal margin lacks a sinus; operculum slightly chi- лы гиперстомиальные, полукруглые, слабо вы- tinized. Small rounded avicularium (about 80 μm in пуклые, с отверстием или без него на поверхно- length) situated at proximal margin of orifice, dis- сти. В боковой стенке и дистальной перегородке placed either to left or to right against zooid midline. многопоровые или однопоровые пластинки (по: Avicularium placed almost vertically in relation to zo- Клюге, 1962; с дополнениями). oidal frontal surface; its rounded mandible directed obliquely distally. Hyperstomial ovicells slightly prom- inent, relatively large, averaging 480–570 μm in both Escharopsis kurilensis Gontar sp. n. (рис. 1) width and length. Frontal surface of ovicell granular, Типовой материал. Голотип (№ 1/30–2018), часть divided into three parts by sutures, sometimes with a колонии (размер 35 × 25 мм), НПС “Одиссей”, юж- small central pore. Peristome absent. ° ′ ″ ° ′ ″ нее о-ва Шиашкотан, 48 25 6 N, 153 54 6 E, глу- Описание. Свободно растущая часть зоария бина 650‒800 м, скалистый грунт, промысловый имеет вид двуслойных то сплошных, то разветв- трал; 02.08.1984 г. Коллектор Б.И. Сиренко. ленных лопастей, достигающих 2.5‒3.5 см в вы- Паратипы: два фрагмента колонии (№ 2/31–2018 соту и ширину. Аутозооиды, расположенные пра- и № 3/32‒2018), размеры 25 × 30 мм и 12 × 15 мм вильными прямыми и косыми рядами, крупные соответственно, место сбора – эта же станция. (высота 1.14‒1.2 мм; ширина 0.57 мм в средней Типовой материал хранится в ЗИН РАН. части и 0.28 мм в узкой проксимальной части), Diagnosis. Colony erect, up to 2.5–3.5 cm in both неправильной формы. Фронтальная поверхность height and width, bilayered, with hard, wide or narrow аутозооидов выпуклая, сплошная, покрытая эпи- and branching lobes. Autozooids irregular in shape, текой; под эпитекой структура поверхности гра- БИОЛОГИЯ МОРЯ том 45 № 4 2019 ESCHAROPSIS KURILENSIS SP. N. 277 Таблица 1. Видоспецифичные признаки представителей рода Escharopsis Признак вида E. lobata E. tatarica E. kurilensis Зоарий Свободно растущий, Обрастающие Свободно растущий, двуслойный двуслойный Расположение аутозооидов Правильными прямыми или Правильными чередующимися Правильными прямыми или косыми рядами или радиальными рядами косыми рядами Форма аутозооидов Овальная Гексагональная; дистальная часть Неправильной формы; сильно вздутая расширенные дистально, суженные проксимально Цвет аутозооидов Мясной Белый или желтоватый Нет данных в живом состоянии Фронтальная поверхность Слабовыпуклая, гранулирован- Слабовыпуклая, гладкая Выпуклая, сетчатая, гранулиро- аутозооидов ная, покрытая эпитекой ванная, покрытая эпитекой Поднимающийся край Есть Отсутствует Есть фронтали Поры по краю фронтали На дне углублений; между ними Крупные, вытянутые в радиальном На дне углублений; между ними к середине отходят поперечные направлении к середине отходят поперечные ребра ребра Первичное отверстие вблизи Круглое, с синусом на Дистальный край почти плоский, Круглое, без синуса на прокси- дистального края аутозооида проксимальном крае проксимальный полукруглый; мальном крае справа или слева от середины расположен синус Синус Полукруглый Полукруглый Отсутствует Оперкулюм Слабо хитинизирован Нет данных Слабо хитинизирован Авикулярии Овальные; мандибула Продолговатые; мандибула Круглые; мандибула закруглен- закругленная, вытянутая округленная, направленная косо ная, направленная косо дистально дистально Расположение авикуляриев С одной или с двух сторон синуса, В толще перистома С одной или с двух сторон по отношению к фронтали отвесное проксимального края; отвесное в синусе вторичного отверстия Авикулярийная камера Иногда выдается над Нет данных Не видна фронталью и доходит до ее края Дополнительные авикулярии Небольшие и близ орифиция Отсутствуют Отсутствуют Перистом Отсутствует Из двух неравных частей, между Отсутствует ними асимметричный синус Вторичное отверстие Круглое, сильно суживающееся Неправильной формы Округлое, с синусом на прокси- к середине проксимального края мальном крае Овицеллы Гиперстомиальные, полукруглые; Гиперстомиальные, небольшие; Гиперстомиальные; поверхность поверхность гранулированная; частично закрыты перистомом; гранулированная, разделена посередине часто круглая пора несколько пор разной формы швами на три части; одна центральная пора или может отсутствовать нулированная, сетчатая. Фронтальная поверх- Овицеллы гиперстомиальные, слабовыпуклые, ность ограничена выступающим краем, вдоль ко- округлые (от 1/4 до 1/3 от длины аутозооида, их торого располагается ряд краевых углублений с высота и ширина 480–570 мкм), с гранулирован- порами на дне,
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