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Home , Amphibalanus, Archaeobalanidae, Ascidiella, Balanidae, Botrylloides, Bugula

Field Science Manual: Restoration Station

1 Copyright © 2016 New York Harbor Foundation Contents All rights reserved

Published by Background 5 New York Harbor Foundation Introduction 13 Battery Maritime Building, Slip 7 10 South Street Teacher’s Timetable 15 New York, NY 10004

The Billion Oyster Project Curriculum and The Expedition Community Enterprise for Restoration Retrieving the ORS 19 Science (BOP-CCERS) aims to improve STEM education in public schools by linking teaching and learning to ecosystem Protocols 1–5: 25 restoration and engaging students in hands-on environmental field science Site Conditions during their regular school day. BOP-CCERS Oyster Measurement is a research-based partnership initiative between New York Harbor Foundation, Mobile Trap Pace University, New York City Depart- Settlement Tiles ment of Education, Columbia University Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, New Water Quality York Academy of Sciences, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, New York Aquarium, The River Returning the ORS to the Water 69 Project, and Good Shepherd Services. and Cleaning Up Our work is supported by the National Science Foundation through grant #DRL1440869. Appendix Mobile ID 77 Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this Sessile Species ID 103 material are those of the author(s) and Data Sheets 135 do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Number NSF EHR DRL 1440869/PI Lauren Birney. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflectthe views of the National Science Foundation.

2 3 Sessile Species ID

102 103 Oyster Drill A small pale-colored shell with sharply Blue Blue-black with two hinged shells that open Cinerea pointed cone and parallel ridges around Edulis to feed, found in clumps attached to hard shell. Predator of and . intertidal and shallow substrata. Category: Mollusks Category: Mollusks Subcategory: Gastropods Habitat: Found in shallow subtidal marine Subcategory Bivalves Habitat: Found in the intertidal and shallow Status: Native, and estuarine regions in association with Status: Native, subtidal in clusters to rocky substrates non-endemic bivalve and beds. non-endemic or pier pilings. Individuals attach to the : Phylum: Mollusca substrate using sticky byssal threads. Class: Diet: Filter feeders, ingesting microscopic Class: Family: algae, and detritus particles Order: Diet: Mussels are filter feeders, ingesting rock from the water. Family: Mytiliidae bacteria, and small detritus mussels particles suspended in the water. Morphology: Has a knobbly, sharply pointed spiraled shell, usually with 5 spiral Morphology: A bivalve (two-shelled) turns or whorls. Thick, rounded ribs or mollusk with smooth outer shells with a costae (numbering 9-12) run from the glossy blue-black coloration. Size up to 3 shell opening to the pointed end of the cm in shell length. spiral. Shell coloration is usually off-white to yellowish, sometimes with brown 3cm–3.5cm streaks, whilst the interior is colored purple, red-brown or yellow. The is oval 3cm shaped with an open canal at the base. Size is up to 30-35 mm in length.

104 105 Ribbed Mussel Green-brown bivalves found in muddy Slipper Snails Whitish single-shelled molluscs found in intertidal areas with ribs running the length Spp (Eastern Slipper C. Pla- shallow nearshore habitats, with smooth, of each shell. na and Atlantic Slipper Snail C. Fornicata) curved upper shells. Category: Mollusks Status: Native, Habitat: Found in the of Category: Molluscs Habitat: Two species of small gastropod non-endemic marine and brackish waters attached Status: Native, mollusk found in the low intertidal to Class: Bivalvia to marsh or rocky substrates or non-endemic subtidal associated with rocks, pier pilings Family: Mytiliidae, embedded in sediment. Class: Gastropoda and oyster beds. Mussels Order: Litterinimorpha Diet: A that ingests plankton Family: , Diet: Graze on algae and detritus found on and detritus from the water column. slipper or boatsnails hard substrates.

Morphology: The ribbed mussel has two Morphology: Both species have a curved, long, oval-shaped shells colored green to smooth upper shell, rounder in C. fornicata, brown, with distinct ribs running the length and a platform extending half way across of each shell. The inner shell is often tinted the shell opening on the underside. The purple. Size up to 10 cm in shell length. shell of C. plana is typically white to off-white, with the shell of C. fornicata 10cm showing darker color variations up to beige with brown markings. Size up to 30 mm in C. plana, up to 25 mm in C. fornicata. 3cm

106 107 Eastern Mudsnail Brown to black cone-shaped spiraled shell Northern Rock Barnacle with six broad and low whitish Obsoleta found in large numbers in muddy habitats. Balanoides plates arranged in a ring around a central diamond-shaped plate. Cemented to hard Category: Mollusks Habitat: Abundant in intertidal estuarine Category: substrata and usually found in clumps. Subcategory: Gastropods areas with muddy substrates. Subcategory: Barnacles Status: Native, Status: Non-endemic Habitat: Inhabits shallow intertidal and non-endemic Diet: Feeds on algae, worms and detritus Phylum: Arthropoda subtidal marine areas, cemented to hard Phylum: Mollusca within the muddy sediment. Class: Crustacea substrata such as rocks and pier pilings. Class: Gastropoda Order: Order: Morphology: The shell is whorled and cone- Family: Diet: Barnacles are filter feeders, feeding Family: , shaped with a brown to black coloration. on algae, zooplankton and detritus dog Shell surface is covered with beaded line particles in the water column. patterns and deep sutures between each . Size up to 25 mm in shell length. Morphology: Six broad calcium carbonate plates with a low overall profile and diamond-shaped opening covered by a calcium carbonate . Soft parts between plates are white or pinkish. Like all barnacles, individuals are usually found in clusters as they prefer to settle near other 2.5cm barnacles out of the plankton. Up to 25 mm 0.5cm in width.

108 109 Barnacle with whitish plates forming a Mud Tube Worm Tube-dwelling reddish colored segmented Eburneus steep cone, with soft parts often colored worm up to 6 mm in length. or striped. Found in clumps on hard Category: Crustaceans substrata. Category: Worms Habitat: In the Order Polychaeta (marine Subcategory: Barnacles Status: Native, segmented worms). Lives in fine sandy Status: Native, Habitat: Found cemented to hard substrata non-endemic and silty sediments, building tubes of non-endemic such as rocks and pier pilings in the Class: Polychaet sediment and mucus. Phylum: Arthropoda intertidal and shallow subtidal, preferring Subclass: Sedentaria Class: Crustacea brackish waters. Order: Diet: Feeds on detritus on the sediment Order: Sessilia Family: surface. Family: Diet: Barnacles are filter feeders, feeding on algae, zooplankton and detritus Morphology: Head segment is cone- particles in the water column. shaped with four eyes, one pair of tenta- cles and two pairs of gills. The remaining Morphology: The calcium carbonate plates body segments each have one pair of forming the outer armor are form a steep parapodia - paddle-like appendages. Body cone. The soft parts in between plates may coloration is a reddish brown, with dark be striped in purple, yellow or off-white. green coloration around the gills. Size up to Size is up to 25 mm in height and width. 6 mm in length. 0.6cm

2.5cm

110 111 Hard Tube Worms Worms living inside small whitish hard Tube-Building Bristled worm with two long frontal Serpulid and Spirorbid Worms tubes that are either coiled (spirorbid Cornuta (formerly Polydora Ligni) appendages living inside muddy tubes on worms) or straight (serpulid worms). sediment-covered surfaces. Category: Worms Category: Worms Status: Native, Habitat: Found attached to hard substrata Status: Native, Habitat: Builds mud-covered detrital tubes non-endemic such as rocks, pier pilings and oyster origin uncertain in the intertidal and shallow subtidal Phylum: Annelida shells. Class: Polychaeta waters of . Naturally prefers Class: Polychaeta Subclass: Sedentaria muddy clay substrates and can be found Order: Sabellida Diet: Filter feeders, ingesting microscopic Order: Spionida on settlement tiles where sediment has Family: Serpulidae, algae, zooplankton and detritus particles Family: Spionidae accumulated. serpulid worms from the water. Subfamily: Spirorbidae, Diet: Feeds on small food particles on the spirorbid worms Morphology: Construct hard, off-white sediment surface using their pair of long tubes of calcium carbonate that frontal palps. are coiled (F. Spirorbidae) or largely straight or serpentine (SF. Serpulidae). Morphology: Segmented body around 1-2 Tube length up to 30 mm in serpulids, up to cm long with chetae (bristles) on each 25 mm across in spirorbids . segment. P. cornuta may be difficult to observe outside their tubes, but their palps 1-2cm can sometimes be seen waving out of tiny holes in the sediment.

2.5cm

112 113 Golden Star , Star Ascidian A colonial tunicate that grows in a gelati- Chain Tunicate A colonial that grows in a gelati- Schlosseri nous sheet, rubbery to the touch, on hard Violaceus nous sheet on hard surfaces, with zooids surfaces. Zooids form a star-like patterns resembling meandering chains of tiny Category: across the surface. Category: Tunicates circles across the surface.Orange to brown Subcategory: Colonial ascidians Subcategory: Colonial ascidians in color, with zooids a single color. Status: Introduced, Habitat: A colonial ascidian that grows Status: Introduced, Mediterranean as a gelatinous sheet with tiny individual Asian Pacific coast Habitat: A colonial ascidian that grows Phylum: Chordata modules, called zooids, embedded in a Phylum: Chordata as a gelatinous sheet with tiny individual Subphylum: Tunicata common tissue matrix. Found on hard Subphylum: Tunicata modules, called zooids, embedded in a Class: substrata such as pier pilings, oyster Class: Ascidiacea common tissue matrix. Found on hard Order: cages, macroalgae and settlement tiles. Order: Stolidobranchia substrata such as pier pilings, oyster Family: Family: Styelidae cages, macroalgae and settlement tiles. Diet: Filter feeders, ingesting microscopic algae, zooplankton and detritus particles Diet: Filter feeders, ingesting microscopic from the water. algae, zooplankton and detritus particles from Water. Morphology: The zooids are tear-drop shaped and very small (2-5 mm), arranged Morphology: Individual zooids are a single in star-shaped clusters that may contain up color and oval- or tear dropshaped, 1-2 mm to 20 zooids. Coloration in this species is long and arranged in elongated clusters often striking but is also extremely variable, called systems, within a firm, often clear 0.2-0.5cm with the presence of star- or flower-like matrix. Systems usually contain >10 zooid patterning more useful for identifi- 0.1–0.2cm zooids and form the shape of long ovals cation. Colony size is also variable, from or meandering, occasionally branching, a single zooid cluster to multiple clusters double-rows or chains. Colony size and that can cover an entire settlement tile. shape are variable.

114 115 Orange Sheath Tunicate A colonial animal that grows in a gelati- Sea Grapes Globular grey with two protruding Botrylloides Diegensis nous sheet on hard surfaces, with oval- Manhattensis siphons, commonly heavy foulers of oyster shaped zooids arranged in rows or dense cages. Category: Tunicates clusters. Typically orange in color, with Category: Tunicates Subcategory: Colonial ascidians zooids two colors. Subcategory: Solitary ascidians Habitat: Found attached to hard substrata Status: Introduced, Status: Native, such as rocky reefs, pier pilings, ropes Asian Pacific coast Habitat: Grows as a gelatinous sheet with non-endemic and other artificial structures in shallow Phylum: Chordata tiny individual modules, called zooids, Phylum: Chordata subtidal marine and brackish waters. Often Subphylum: Tunicata embedded in a common tissue matrix. Subphylum: Tunicata found heavily encrusting oyster cages. Class: Ascidiacea Found on hard substrata such as pier Class: Ascidiacea Order: Stolidobranchia pilings, oyster cages, macroalgae and Order: Stolidobranchia Diet: M. manhattensis is a filter feeder on Family: Styelidae settlement tiles. Family: plankton and detritus.

Diet: Filter feeders, ingesting microscopic Morphology: Small, with a globular body algae, zooplankton and detritus particles with an inhalent and exhalent on from the water. the upper side. The outer surface is usually a translucent grey to beige but is often Morphology: Very similar to B. violaceus, encrusted with sediment and algae. Size particularly in color, B. diegensis also up to 35 mm. shows zooids that are oval in shape and arranged in rows or clusters. The individual 3.5cm 0.5cm zooids usually have two colors, with a bright ring around the oral aperture that is central to the zooid, in contrast to the position of the aperture in B. violaceus at the thick end of the ‘tear drop’ shape.

116 117 Sea Vase Translucent slender banana-shaped Sea Squirt Solitary ascidian similar to Molgula Intestinalis ascidian with small siphons at the end. manhattensis but more oval in shape with Often occur in clumps. conical siphons with colored edges. Body Category: Tunicates Category: Tunicates pale in color with a lumpy outer surface. Subcategory: Solitary ascidians Habitat: Found in shallow waters attached Status: Introduced, Status: Introduced, primarily to artificial hard surfaces. Can origin uncertain Habitat: Found attached to hard substrata origin uncertain occur in large numbers. Subphylum: Tunicata such as rocky reefs, pier pilings, ropes Phylum: Chordata Class: Ascidiacea and other artificial structures in shallow Subphylum: Tunicata Diet: Filter feeders, ingesting microscopic Order: subtidal marine and brackish waters. Often Class: Ascidiacea algae, zooplankton and detritus particles Family: found heavily encrusting oyster cages. Order: Phlebobranchia from the water. Family: Cionidae Diet: Filter feeders, ingesting microscopic Morphology: Slender, translucent to pink/ algae, zooplankton and detritus particles yellow colored bodies within which the from the water. branchial basket (digestive system) is usually visible. The two siphons are often Morphology: Bodies are oval and often tipped in yellow; incurrent siphons is longer, attached to substrate on one side. Two with 8 lobes, whereas outcurrent siphon is conical siphons with 6-8 lobes each; shorter with 6 lobes. Size variable but can edges often colored, sometimes frilled. be up to 20 cm in length. Translucent to pale yellow in color and with 5-10cm a lumpy outer surface. Size 50-100 mm in width. 20cm

118 119 Boring A very small yellow that bores into Red Beard Sponge Reddish sponge that encrusts hard Cliona Spp oyster and mussel shells. Prolifera substrates in shallow waters. Irritating to (formerly Microciona Prolifera) skin – do not handle directly! Category: Sponges Habitat: Sponges are found on hard Status: Native, substrates such as rocks, pier pilings and Category: Sponges Habitat: Found in low intertidal to shallow non-endemic algae, with their boring habit meaning that Status: Native, subtidal waters in estuaries. Encrusts on Class: Demospongiae their tissues become intertwined with the non-endemic hard substrates such as reefs and pier Order: Clionaida substrate. Class: Demospongiae pilings, forming raised lobes or cups up Family: Clionaidae Order: to 200 mm tall in larger specimens and in Diet: Filter feeders, ingesting microscopic Family: deeper water. algae, zooplankton and detritus particles from the water. Diet: Filter feeders, ingesting microscopic algae, zooplankton and detritus particles Morphology: Yellow in color. from the water.

Morphology: Coloration is a rusty reddish orange to brown, with very small openings (oscula).

0.5cm 20cm

120 121 Lacy Bryozoan Colonies form thin whitish sheets with tiny Spp (C. tenuissium and C. Encrusting colonies form whitish sheets, Membranacea box-like zooids in a lacy pattern. seurati are very similar) with oval-shaped zooids.

Category: Bryozoans Habitat: Found encrusting a variety of Status: Introduced, Habitat: Found encrusting hard surfaces Status: Introduced, subtidal surfaces, including rocks, pier US Gulf Coast such as rocks and mollusc shells. US west coast, pilings, shells and algae. Class: Phylum: Order: Diet: Filter feeders, ingesting microscopic Class: Gymnolaemata Diet: Filter feeders, ingesting microscopic Superfamily: Membraniporoidea algae, zooplankton and detritus particles Order: Cheilostomatida algae, zooplankton and detritus particles Family: from the water. Family: from the water. Morphology: Colonies form thin whitish Morphology: Colonies form thin whitish sheets with tiny, oval-shaped zooids. sheets of rectangular box-like units, termed Zooid size is around 0.5 mm in length and zooids, which are very small (0.5 mm in 0.25 mm in width. Where colonies have length) and are arranged like bricks in a been disturbed by predators (e.g. nudi- wall. Each zooid houses a fan-like feeding branchs), they may form up to 8 spines on structure (the lophophore), which can be the zooid periphery. Colony shape often extended outside the zooid to capture resembles branching patterns across the particles in the water. Spines may be substrate. present on the zooid corners. Colony size and shape is variable according to its age 0.05cm 0.05cm and history.

122 123 Neritina Upright, tree-like bushy colonies, purple to Hydroids Tiny translucent colonies that may be brown. feather-like, tree-like or form runners over Status: Introduced, Category: Cnidarians the surface. origin uncertain Habitat: Found attached to hard substrates Status: Native, Class: Gymnolaemata such as pier pilings and rocks as well as non-endemic Habitat: A very large and complex group of Order: Cheilostomatida algae and shells. Class: cnidarian species that have a colonial life Superfamily: Buguloidea Subclass: Hydroidolina stage attached to substrata such as rocks, Family: Diet: Filter feeders, ingesting microscopic pier pilings, shells, algae, seagrass and algae, zooplankton and detritus particles other structures. from the water. Diet: Capture microscopic algae, zooplank- Morphology: Colonies are upright, bushy ton and detritus in the water. and tree-like. Branches are two zooids wide, with bifurcations every four zooids in Morphology: These animals have very length. Zooids are 0.2-0.3 mm in width and small modular units, termed polyps, which 0.75-1.2 mm long and may also contain may be arranged as elongate threads spherical whitish reproductive structures across a surface or as tree-like arborescent termed ovicells. When present, ovicells structures projecting vertically from the are usually abundant and concentrated to- 0.5-1cm surface. Each polyp possesses stinging 0.075-0.12cm wards the older, central part of the colony. cells, termed nematocysts, to enable them Colonies often resemble algae but can be to capture small prey. Colony size is usually distinguished by looking for the modular small, up to a few cm across. structure. Coloration is purple to brown.

124 125 Tubular Hydroids Slender-stalked colonial hydroids with Frilled Anemone Solitary polyp attached to substrate with Ectopleura Crocea pink-colored zooids and numerous Metridium Dianthum (formerly M. Senile) creamy yellow to brown coloration and whitish oral tentacles. many tentacles. Category: Hydroids Category: Cnidarians Status: Native, Habitat: Found attached to hard substrates Status: Native, Habitat: Found on hard substrata such non-endemic such as pier pilings and rocks in intertidal non-endemic as rocks and pier pilings in the intertidal Phylum: and subtidal brackish waters. Class: Anthozoa and shallow subtidal. The most common Class: Hydrozoa Order: Actinaria anemone on the northeast coast. Order: Diet: Filter feeders, ingesting microscopic Family: Metridiidae Family: algae, zooplankton and detritus particles Diet: Feed on live and dead animals from from the water. zooplankton through to .

Morphology: The individual zooids Morphology: Numerous, fine tentacles (up (hydranths) have a rosy-pink center sur- to 1000) in large, adult forms, with a lobed rounded by 20–25 whitish, thread-like oral oral disk. Juveniles and smaller individuals tentacles. The stalks connecting hydranths have around 20-50 fine unbanded tenta- to the basal connective runners (stolons) cles. Column is smooth and creamy yellow are slender and smooth, with no branching. to broan. Size up to 10 cm tall by 8 wide in Basal stolons can form a tangled mat on the subtidal, but smaller in the intertidal the substrate, trapping microalgae, detritus and along the shore. and sediment. Size of individual zooids 12.5cm up to 0.5 cm across; length of stalks up to 10cm 12.5 cm; colony sizes up to ~10–15 cm across.

126 127 Northern Red Animone Solitary polyp attached to substrate with Orange Bryozoan Colonies may be encrusting or lobed with Urticina felina reddish coloration and short, banded red-orange zooids. tentacles. Status: Native, Category: Bryozoans Habitat: Found encrusting hard surfaces non-endemic Habitat: Found on lower intertidal shores Status: Introduced, such as rocks, pier pilings and shells as Class: Anthozoa on hard substrata such as rocks and pier origin uncertain single-layered sheets. More upright, lobed Order: Actinaria pilings, as well as in gravel or shell debris. Phylum: Bryozoa forms may be found in calm waters. Family: Actiniidae Class: Gymnolaemata Diet: Feed on live and dead animals from Order: Cheilostomatia Diet: Filter feeders, ingesting microscopic zooplankton through to fish. Family: algae, zooplankton and detritus particles from the water. Morphology: Column smooth and stout, around half as high as wide. Coloration var- Morphology: Colonies form encrusting ies from pinkish to deep wine red to purple, sheets on hard substrata such as rocks with short, blunt, banded tentacles. Overall and pier pilings but may be more three-di- width is 5-8 cm in intertidal individuals, mensional in large colonies in calm waters. larger (up to 10 cm wide) in deeper waters. Zooid size is around 1 mm long by 0.5 mm wide. Colonies are a reddish-orange color, with black zooid and operculum outlines. 5-8cm 0.1cm Dead zooids are black to grey.

128 129 Brown Bushy Bryozoan Upright, tree-like bushy colonies, purple to Green algae growing in thin sheets with brown in color. Ulva Spp. (Commonly ruffled edges. ) Category: Bryozoans Habitat: Found attached to hard substrates Habitat: Grows in shallow marine and Status: Introduced, such as pier pilings and rocks Category: Algae (green) brackish waters, commonly in nutrient-rich origin uncertain as well as algae and shells. Status: Native, areas. Can be found free-floating or Phylum: Bryozoa non-endemic attached to substrates such as rocks and Class: Gymnolaemata Diet: Filter feeders, ingesting microscopic : Plantae pilings as well as on sandy bottoms. Order: Cheilostomatida algae, zooplankton and detritus particles Phylum: Family: Bugulidae from the water Class: Morphology: Has a similar appearance Order: to wilted lettuce, with thalli growing as Morphology: Colonies are upright, bushy Family: thin sheets with ruffled edges. Color is an and tree-like. Branches are two zooids intense green, size from around 20 to 40 wide, with bifurcations every four zooids in cm across. Often found in clumps. length. Zooids are 0.2-0.3 mm in width and 0.75-1.2 mm long and may also contain spherical whitish reproductive structures termed ovicells (see image below right). When present, ovicells are usually abun- dant and concentrated towards the older, central part of the colony. Colonies often 0.075–0.12cm resemble algae but can be distinguished by 20–40cm looking for the modular structure. Color- ation is purple to brown.

130 131 Hollow Green Weed Grass-green algae growing as thin, hollow Sour Weeds Branching with wispy, fine Enteromorpha Spp. threads. Spp. tufts or spines off main branches.

Category: Algae (green) Habitat: Grows in shallow marine and Category: Algae (brown) Habitat: A of algae that has a global Status: Native, brackish waters worldwide. Typically Status: Native, distribution in temperate to polar rocky non-endemic grows in clumps on wood, rocks and other non-endemic intertidal to shallow subtidal habitats. Kingdom: Plantae plants. Kingdom: Common species in the area are D. Phylum: Chlorophyta Phylum: aculeata (spiny sour weed) and D. viridis Class: Ulvophyceae Morphology: Tubular, sometimes Class: Phaeophyceae (soft sour weed). Order: Ulvales branched, bright grass-green algae.Often Order: Family: Ulvaceae found in clumps. Tubes are hollow, with Family: Desmaretaceae Morphology: Main branches stiff (spiny air bubbles visible in larger specimens. sour weed D. aculeata) or soft (soft sour Tube width variable, from <1 mm to greater weed D. viridis), alternating on the central than 10 mm, with tube length up to 300 axis. has tufty mm. Branched species tend to have more filaments projecting from main branches slender and shorter in size. in spring and short, spiny branches in summer. has soft, fine filaments projecting from main branches throughout the year. Both species smell sour. Whole size to 450 mm (D. 30cm 45–60cm aculeata) and 600 mm.

132 133 Data Sheets

134 135 ft NE Thunderstorm NO NO NO E Hail ft Ebb current (outgoing ) current Ebb SE Snow S Fog YES YES YES Closest high tide height:tide high Closest tide height: low Closest SW Rain Slack water Slack W Cloudy Closest low tide time: low Closest NW Partly cloudy N Sunny Flood current (incoming tide) (incoming current Flood Closest high tide time: tide high Closest Tide Conditions Protocol 1: Site ConditionsSite 1: Protocol Meta Data Name of member(s): Name of site or water body: Coordinates: Date of monitoring: Time of monitoring: Notes/other observations: Conditions Meteorological one): conditions (circle Weather (°C): Air temperature Wind speed (mph): one): (circle Wind direction Humidity (%): Recent Rainfall Has it rained in the past 7 days? Has it rained in the past 72 hours? Has it rained in the past 24 hours? Tide observations: point (location): Reference Tide times and heights: one): (circle Tidal current Use free app such as “ Near Me” or NOAA app such as “Tides Near Me” Use free 136 137 Other Full flow Full Full flow Full Dark brown Dark NO NO NO NO NO NO Organic Light brown Light Steady stream Steady Steady stream Steady Glass Dark green Dark Light stream Light Light stream Light YES YES YES YES YES YES Trickle Trickle Paper Light green Light Speed (ft/sec):Speed Metal Light blueLight blue Dark Soft plastic Soft Direction: Hard plastic Hard Extent/type None Sporadic Common Extensive Water Conditions Water camera in landscape orientation a photograph of the water with your Take (CSO) pipes? combined sewer overflow any marked there Are what is the location? If Y, the pipe? any flow through is there If Y, How much? or other outfall pipes? any unmarked there Are what is the location? If Y, diameter of the pipe (cm)? what is the approximate If Y, the pipe? any flow through is there If Y, How much? Surface movement Describe the water color: Oil sheen present? anything floating in the water? Is there Outfall Pipes 138 139 ConditionsSite 1: Protocol Other Other NO Organic Dirtsand or Glass YES Paper Metal Fixed pier Fixed dock Floating shoreline Rocky Soft plastic Soft Bulkhead/wall . Hard plastic Hard % Impervious surface (concrete/asphalt paths, roads, buildings etc.) buildings Impervious% roads, paths, surface (concrete/asphalt % Pervioussurfaceetc.) (dirt, gravel surface trees) shrubs, (grass, Vegetated % 100% equal should Sum % Extent/type None Sporadic Common Extensive Land Conditions Protocol 1: Site ConditionsSite 1: Protocol camera in landscape orientation a photograph of the water with your Take Choose shoreline type: Choose shoreline (about 100 x feet) for the adjacent shoreline surface cover Estimate percent = any garbage on the adjacent shoreline? Is there 140 141 Total alive: Total Total alive: Total Avg. size: Avg. size: Avg. Max. size: Max. size: Max. Min. size: Min. size: Min. None/clean: No macroalgae or animals present presentanimals or macroalgae No None/clean: openings mesh on encroach not that do minimal animals present or Macroalgae Light: up to 50% opening mesh of size reducing macroalgae/animals encrusting Some Medium: than 50% more by mesh opening reducing Encrusting macroalgae/animals Heavy: Depth of Oyster Cage depth of cage (meters): Submerged Condition of Oyster Cage Measuring Oyster Growth Protocol 2: Oyster Measurements Oyster 2: Protocol Meta Data Name of member(s): Name of site or water body: Coordinates: Date of monitoring: Time of monitoring: Notes/other observations: one): Bioaccumulation on cage (circle Describe any damage to the cage: on all ten tagged substrate shells complete the following: oysters all the live measure After you totals Population and mortality rate. expedition, write in that data below and calculate delta. Then growth completed a previous have If you expedition Previous Delta (% change) rate (%) Growth Mortality rate (%) 142 143 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. Source: Source: 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. Set date: Set date: Number of live oysters: Number of live Number of live oysters: Number of live 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 10. 11. 12. Measurement (mm) Measurement Copy from tag from Copy the tag is visible. sure smooth). Make and inner (concave, rough) Photograph both sides of the shell: outer (convex, Measurement (mm) Measurement number: Tag (g): Weight Protocol 2: Oyster MeasurementsOyster 2: Protocol tag from Copy number: Tag (g): Weight the tag is visible. sure smooth). Make and inner (concave, rough) Photograph both sides of the shell: outer (convex, 144 145 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. Source: Source: 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. Set date: Set date: Number of live oysters: Number of live Number of live oysters: Number of live 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 10. 11. 12. Measurement (mm) Measurement Copy from tag from Copy the tag is visible. sure smooth). Make and inner (concave, rough) Photograph both sides of the shell: outer (convex, Measurement (mm) Measurement number: Tag (g): Weight Protocol 2: Oyster MeasurementsOyster 2: Protocol tag from Copy number: Tag (g): Weight the tag is visible. sure smooth). Make and inner (concave, rough) Photograph both sides of the shell: outer (convex, 146 147 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. Source: Source: 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. Set date: Set date: Number of live oysters: Number of live Number of live oysters: Number of live 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 10. 11. 12. Measurement (mm) Measurement Copy from tag from Copy the tag is visible. sure smooth). Make and inner (concave, rough) Photograph both sides of the shell: outer (convex, Measurement (mm) Measurement number: Tag (g): Weight Protocol 2: Oyster MeasurementsOyster 2: Protocol tag from Copy number: Tag (g): Weight the tag is visible. sure smooth). Make and inner (concave, rough) Photograph both sides of the shell: outer (convex, 148 149 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. Source: Source: 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. Set date: Set date: Number of live oysters: Number of live Number of live oysters: Number of live 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 10. 11. 12. Measurement (mm) Measurement Copy from tag from Copy the tag is visible. sure smooth). Make and inner (concave, rough) Photograph both sides of the shell: outer (convex, Measurement (mm) Measurement number: Tag (g): Weight Protocol 2: Oyster MeasurementsOyster 2: Protocol tag from Copy number: Tag (g): Weight the tag is visible. sure smooth). Make and inner (concave, rough) Photograph both sides of the shell: outer (convex, 150 151 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. Source: Source: 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. Set date: Set date: Number of live oysters: Number of live Number of live oysters: Number of live 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 10. 11. 12. Measurement (mm) Measurement Copy from tag from Copy the tag is visible. sure smooth). Make and inner (concave, rough) Photograph both sides of the shell: outer (convex, Measurement (mm) Measurement number: Tag (g): Weight Protocol 2: Oyster MeasurementsOyster 2: Protocol tag from Copy number: Tag (g): Weight the tag is visible. sure smooth). Make and inner (concave, rough) Photograph both sides of the shell: outer (convex, 152 153 Notes/sketch/questions Notes/sketch/questions Quantity Quantity Common name Common name Common Mobile Organisms Protocol 3: Mobile Trap Trap Mobile 3: Protocol Meta Data Name of member(s): Name of site or water body: Coordinates: Date of monitoring: Time of monitoring: Notes/other observations: to the harbor as soon possible. the organisms can return so you Monitor the mobile trap near shoreline, 154 155 Common name Common 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Grid point Grid 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. Settlement tile number: Common name Common 8. 9. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. Grid point Grid 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. Protocol 4: Settlement TilesSettlement 4: Protocol Meta Data Name of member(s): Name of site or water body: Coordinates: Date of monitoring: Time of monitoring: Notes/other observations: Settlement tile number: 156 157 Common name Common 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Grid point Grid 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. Settlement tile number: Common name Common 8. 9. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. Grid point Grid 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. Protocol 4: Settlement TilesSettlement 4: Protocol Settlement tile number: 158 159 Units (must be the samethe be (must Units all results) for Average Results (complete two or threeor two (complete Results parameter) each for measurements Method (tool or test name) test or (tool Method Nitrate Phosphate Turbidity Other Parameter temperature Water oxygen Dissolved Salinity pH Ammonia Protocol 5: Water Quality Water 5: Protocol Meta Data Name of member(s): Name of site or water body: Coordinates: Date of monitoring: Time of monitoring: Notes/other observations: Quality Parameters Water Depth of water sample (m): 160 161 Sources FishBase http://www.fishbase.org; Leim, Gosner, K.L. (1978). Atlantic Seashore. Smithsonian Marine Station at A.H. and W.B. Scott, 1966. of the Peterson Field Guides, Houghton Mifflin Fort Pierce http://www.sms.si.edu/ Atlantic coast of Canada. Bull. Fish.Res. Company, New York; Pollock, L.W. (1998). irlspec/Panope_herbsti.htm Board Can. (155):485 p. (Ref. 4926) A Practical Guide to the Marine Animals of Northeastern . Rutgers Global Invasive Species Database Pollock, L.W. (1998). A Practical Guide University Press, New Brunswick. (2008). Rhithropanopeus harrisii. to the Marine Animals of Northeastern Available at: http://www.issg.org/data- North America. Rutgers University Press, Encyclopedia of Life online resource base/species/ecology.asp?si=1217&- New Brunswick. http://www.eol.org; images from fr=1&sts=sss&lang=EN; Smithsonian. Wikimedia Commons. FishBase http://www.fishbase.org; Pollock, Environmental Research Center; Scott, W.B. and M.G. Scott. 1988. Atlan- Pollock, L.W. (1998). A Practical Guide iNaturalist.org tic fishes of Canada. Canadian Bulletin to the Marine Animals of Northeastern of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. North America. Rutgers University Press, 219. 731 p. New Brunswick; Encyclopedia of Life online resource http://www.eol.org Global Invasive Species Database (2006). Hemigrapsus sanguineus. Pollock, L.W. (1998). A Practical Guide Available from http://www.issg.org/da- to the Marine Animals of Northeastern tabase/species/ecology.asp?si=756&- North America. Rutgers University Press, fr=1&sts=&lang=E New Brunswick; Gosner, K.L. (1978). At- lantic Seashore. Peterson Field Guides, Pollock, Encyclopedia of Life http:// Houghton Mifflin Company, New York. www.eol.org; Chesapeake Bay Program http://www.chesapeakebay.net Exotics Guide http://www.exoticsguide. org; Gosner, K.L. (1978). Atlantic Sea- Gosner; Pollock; NOAA shore. Peterson Field Guides, Houghton Mifflin Company, New York. WoRMS Editorial Board (2015). World Register of Marine Species. Available Exotics Guide http://www.exoticsguide. from http://www.marinespecies.org at org; Encyclopedia of Life http://www. VLIZ; Wikispecies online resource. eol.org

Encyclopedia of Life online resource. Gosner, Encyclopedia of Life http://www. Available at http://www.eol.org eol.org; Chesapeake Bay Program

Gosner, K.L. (1978). Atlantic Seashore. Gosner; Smithsonian Institution Peterson Field Guides, Houghton Mifflin at Fort Pierce Company, New York. Gosner; Wikimedia Commons; Gabriele Pollock, L.W. (1998). A Practical Guide Kothe-Heinrich - Own work, CC BY-SA to the Marine Animals of Northeastern 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/ North America. Rutgers University Press, index.php?curid=18620491 New Brunswick; Marine Species Identifi- cation Portal; Exotics Guide http://www. WoRMS, S. B. Yamada & L. Hauck (2001). exoticsguide.org. Field identification of the European green crab