Soc-V2 Report.Pdf

SOILS OF CANADA

Volume II SOIL INVENTORY

A Cooperative Project of The Canada Soil Survey Committee and The Soil Research Institute Ottawa, Ontario

by J .S. Clayton, W.A. Ehrlich, D.B. Cann, J .H . Day, and I .B. Marshall

1977 RESEARCH BRANCH CANADA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1977 Available by mail from Printing and Publishing Supply and Services Canada, Ottawa, Canada K1A OS9 or through your bookseller Catalogue No. A53-1544/2-1976 Price: Canada : $25 .00 Other countries: $30.00 ISBN 0-660-00503-4 Price subject to change without notice D. W. Fricscn & Sons Ltd . Altona. Manitoba ROG OBO

Contract No. 02KX~OIA05-6-38476 CONTENTS

PART I

Guide to the Content and Organization of the Inventory ...... 5 Map Unit ...... 5 Area ...... 5 Physiography ...... 5 Soil Climate ...... 11 Landscape : Topography and Landform ...... 11 Texture and Character of Parent Material ...... 11 Vegetation and Land Use...... 11 Geographic Grid Reference ...... 11 Reference : Source and Reliability ...... 11

References...... 12

PART II

Inventory : Description of Soil Map Units ; their Classification, Extent, Physiography, Climate, Physical Characteristics, Vegetation, and Land Use ...... 30 Dominantly Chernozemic Soils...... 30 Brown Chernozemic ...... 30 Dark Brown Chernozemic ...... 34 Black Chernozemic ...... 44 Dark Gray Chernozemic ...... 56 Dominantly Solonetzic Soils ...... 62 Brown Solonetz...... 62 Black Solonetz ...... 64 Solod...... 64 Dominantly Luvisolic Soils...... 66 Gray Brown Luvisol ...... 66 Gray Luvisol ...... 70 Dominantly Podzolic Soils ...... 102 Humo-Ferric Podzol ...... 102 Dominantly Brunisolic Soils...... 144 Melanic Brunisol ...... 144 Eutric Brunisol ...... 148 Dystric Brunisol ...... 158 Dominantly Regosolic Soils ...... 168 Orthic Regosol ...... 168 Cumulic Regosol ...... 170 Cryic Orthic Regosol ...... 172 Dominantly Gleysolic Soils...... 194 Humic Gleysol ...... 194 Orthic Gleysol ...... 198 Cryic Gleysol ...... 204 Dominantly Organic Soils...... 208 Fibrisol ...... 208 Cryic Fibrisol ...... 216 Dominantly Rockland ...... 222

TABLES

1 Correlation of World and Canadian map units ...... 6 2 Area totals for each soil order, great group, and subgroup ...... 8 3 Physiographic correlation ...... 9 4 Generalized characteristics of temperature classes used for the soil climate maps of Canada and North America ...... :... . . 13 5 Generalized characteristics of moisture regimes and subclasses used for the soil climate maps of Canada and North America ...... 15 6 Extent of soil temperature classes and moisture subclasses in Canada ...... 16 7 Topographic classes...... 18 8 Area totals for the various topographic classes within each soil order, great group, and subgroup ...... 19 TABLES-concl'd

9 Area totals for the various textural classes within each soil order, great group, and subgroup ...... 23 . 10 Land use...... 27 11 Vegetation and land use combinations...... 28

FIGURE

1 Geographic grid reference for location of mapunits...... 29 PART I

GUIDE TO THE CONTENT AND ORGANIZATION OF THE INVENTORY

The Soil Inventory is compiled for use in conjunction was derived from calculations obtained by the with the Soil Map of Canada as a means of providing "Peel Coat" weighing method . These calculations information relating to the individual soil and were adjusted by the use of variable factors to landscape areas that cannot be readily obtained from equate them as closely as possible to the official the Soil Map or the report on the Soils of Canada. figures for Canada . The official figures for Canada It consists of a compilation of information in an are as follows : Canada has a land area of 3,852,000 abbreviated tabular form for each of the 750 areas sq mi (9 973 000 km z), of which 292,000 sq mi designated on the Soil Map. (756 000 km2) are covered by fresh-water lakes, about 2,964,000 sq mi (7 674 000 km2) are mainland, The Inventory is divided into a series of separate and 596,000 sq mi (1 543 000 km2) are composed sections for each of the major soil orders as indicated of islands. by the initial letter in the map symbol used in the map legend . The subdivision of the major soil orders into It was expected that discrepancies between great groups at the lower taxonomic level is indicated calculated areas of map units from the Soil Map using by a number added to the letter symbol. Each the Peel Coat method and those determined from individually mapped area has its own specific other sources would occur. reference number placed under the taxonomic map symbol . Correction factors were introduced to minimize these discrepancies, particularly within the provinces and settled areas below the 60th parallel, to about For example, the soil area 35 signifies an area of -I- or - 2%. The major sources of discrepancies dominantly Dark Brown Chernozemic soil . The arising in such a composite calculation for Canada number 35 gives the specific soil area mapped, include : which can be located on the Soil Map by the 1 . Discrepancies between the two calculations geographic grid reference. based on inclusion or exclusion of many hundreds or thousands of small lakes, and The data provided for each individual soil area are from irregularity in mapping indented water given in the following sequence . bodies. Many of these will be shown on one type of map and omitted or generalized MAP UNIT on another. 2. The size and shapes of map features including The Canadian map symbol and area reference number coastline and shapes of northern Arctic are given together with the corresponding symbol for islands, which vary for different map the same area as it will appear in the FAO/UNESCO projections and are especially distorted in Soil Map of North America. Table 1 gives the shape and area in northern latitudes. correlation of FAO/UNESCO (1) and Canadian (2) 3. Generalization in cartographic representation map unit symbols. from large scale to 1 :5,000,000 scale. 4. Inability to check the accuracy of Peel Coat The soil subgroups of each map unit are indicated or dot count methods of assessing irregular in terms of combinations of Dominant 40%, areas, except by using correction factors Subdominant 20-40%, and Significant inclusions adjusted to known areas of defined topo- 10-20% . Stony and rocky phases are indicated graphic boundaries . where these conditions are applicable to the 5. The compounding of percentage errors in map unit. arriving at summation totals. The balance used to weigh the Peel Coat recorded to five Taxonomic and phase combinations have been decimal places, requiring the figures to be interpreted in many instances for large areas, and rounded off to two decimal places. within these units, smaller areas of more discrete pattern may be expected to occur and would be distinguished in more detailed mapping . PHYSIOGRAPHY AREA The map units are identified primarily within the framework of physiographic regions and subdivisions The extent of individual map units is given in square established by H.S. Bostock in the Physiographic miles and square kilometres . Table 2 provides area Subdivisions of Canada (3) and listed in Table 3 . totals for each soil order, great group, and subgroup Further subdivisions have been indicated where they in the Inventory. There are 750 individual soil areas are identifiable and have a local connotation . A on the Soil Map of Canada, accounting for 3,545,850 modal range of elevation of each map unit is given sq mi (9 183 398 km2) of land surface. This figure in feet and metres above mean sea level (MSL) . TABLE 1 . CORRELATION OF WORLD AND CANADIAN MAP UNITS

Symbols and classification FAO/UNESCO Map of Symbols and classification Soil Map of Canada North America Canadian section

J Fluvisols F2 Cumulic Regosol Je Eutric Fluvisol F2 Cumulic Regosol Jd Dystric Fluvisol F2 Cumulic Regosol G Gleysols G Gleysolic soils Ge Eutric Gleysol G2 Gleysol Gd Dystric Gleysol G2 Gleysol Gm Mollic Gleysol G1 Humic Gleysol Gh Humic Gleysol G1 Humic Gleysol Gx Gelic Gleysol G3 Cryic Gleysol R Regosols F Regosolic soils Re Eutric Regosol F1 Orthic Regosol Rd Dystric Regosol F1 Orthic Regosol Rx Gelic Regosol F3 Cryic Regosol I Lithosols R Rockland E Rendzinas A3 Black Chernozemic T Andosols No Canadian units TV Vitric Andosol E3 Dystric Brunisol and D3 Humo-Ferric Podzol z Solonchaks Saline Regosols and Gleysols S Solonetz B Solonetzic soils Sm Mollic Solonetz B1 Brown Solonetz B2 Black Solonetz B4 Black Solod Sg Gleyed Solonetz Gleyed subgroups of 131, B2, and B4 K Kastanozems A1, A2 Brown and Dark Brown Chernozemic Kh Haplic Kastanozem A2 Dark Brown Chernozemic K1 Luvic Kastanozem A1, A2 Brown and Dark Brown Chernozemic C Chernozems A3 Black Chernozemic Ch Haplic Chernozemic A3 Black Chernozemic Ck Calcic Chernozemic A3 Black Chernozemic C1 Luvic Chernozemic A3 Black Chernozemic M Grayzems A4 Dark Gray Chernozemic B Cambisols E Brunisolic soils Bd Dystric Cambisol E3 Dystric Brunisol Be Eutric Cambisol E2 Eutric Brunisol E1 Melanic Brunisol Bx Gelic Cambisol E3 Cryic Dystric Brunisol L Luvisols C Luvisolic soils Lo Orthic Luvisol C1 Brunisolic Gray Brown Luvisol La Albic Luvisol C1 Gray Brown Luvisol C2 Gray Luvisol P Podzols D Podzolic soils Po Orthic Podzol D3 Humo-Ferric Podzol 0 Histosols H Organic soils Oe Eutric Histosol H1 Fibrisol Od Dystric Histosol H1 Fibrisol Ox Gelic Histosol H3 Cryic Fibrisol TABLE 1 . CORRELATION OF WORLD AND CANADIAN MAP UNITS-concl'd

Symbols and classification FAO/UNESCO Map of Symbols and classification Soil Map of Canada North America Canadian section

Topographic Phases No symbol a. Level to undulating b. Rolling to hilly c. Steeply sloping to mountainous

Textural Phases No symbol 1 . Coarse textured 2. Medium textured 3. Fine textured Stony and Rocky Phases Stony Phase : excessively stony, being too stony to permit cultivation (boulder and stone pavement) . Rocky Phase : extremely rocky, having sufficient rock outcrop or insufficient depth of soil over rock to make all use of machinery impracticable. The land may have some value for poor pasture or for forestry . Rock outcrops are 10 ft (3 m) apart or less and cover more than 50% of the area. TABLE 2. AREA TOTALS FOR EACH SOIL ORDER, GREAT GROUP, AND SUBGROUP

Area (km 2) Area (sq mi) % of total land surface'

A1 BROWN CHERNOZEMIC Orthic Brown 91 138 35,190 Grumic Brown 7 979 3,081 Solonetzic Brown 1 147 443 Total : Brown Chernozemic 100 264 38,714 1 .09 A2 DARK BROWN CHERNOZEMIC Orthic Dark Brown 101 830 39,318 Grumic, Rego, and Orthic Dark Brown 6 589 2,544 Solonetzic Dark Brown 1 196 462 Eluviated and Solonetzic Dark Brown and Brown 767 296 Eluviated Dark Brown 702 271 Total : Dark Brown Chernozemic 111 084 42,891 1 .20 A3 BLACK CHERNOZEMIC Orthic Black 145 138 56,040 Rego Black 37 844 14,612 Carbonated Rego Black 17 743 6,851 Total : Black Chernozemic 200 725 77,503 2.18 A4 DARK GRAY CHERNOZEMIC Orthic Dark Gray 56 201 21,700 0.61 TOTAL : CHERNOZEMIC SOILS 468 274 180,808 5.09 131 BROWN SOLONETZ 29 874 11,535 0.32 B2 BLACK SOLONETZ 19414 7,496 0.21 B4 BLACK SOLOD 23 312 9,001 0.25 TOTAL : SOLONETZIC 72600 28,032 0.79 C1 GRAY BROWN LUVISOL Orthic Gray Brown Luvisol 13 930 5,382 Brunisolic Gray Brown Luvisol 32 827 12,687 Total : Gray Brown Luvisols 46 757 18,069 0.50 C2 GRAY LUVISOL Orthic Gray Luvisol 756 994 292,287 Dark Gray Luvisol 5 488 2,119 Total : Gray Luvisols 762 482 294,406 8.30 TOTAL : LUVISOLS 809 279 312,475 8.80 D3 HUMO-FERRIC PODZOL 2072958 800,401 22.57 E1 ORTHIC MELANIC BRUNISOL 27 689 10,691 0.30 E2 ORTHIC EUTRIC BRUNISOL 556 678 214,942 6.06 E3 DYSTRIC BRUNISOL Orthic Dystric Brunisol 359 304 138,733 Cryic Dystric Brunisol 22 928 8,853 Total : Dystric Brunisols 382 232 147,586 4.16 TOTAL : BRUNISOLS 966 599 373,219 10.52 F1 ORTHIC REGOSOL Orthic Regosol 79 064 30,528 Saline Orthic Regosol 4 136 1,597 Total : Orthic Regosols 83 200 32,125 0.90 F2 CUMULIC REGOSOL 36720 14,178 0.39 F3 CRYIC ORTHIC REGOSOL 2157477 833,035 23 .50 TOTAL : REGOSOLS 2277397 879,338 24.80 G1 ORTHIC HUMIC GLEYSOL 34989 13,510 0.38 G2 ORTHIC GLEYSOL 140502 54,250 1 .52 G3 CRYIC GLEYSOL 37711 14,561 0.41 TOTAL : GLEYSOLS 213 202 82,321 2.32 H1 FIBRISOL 384802 148,578 4.19 H3 CRYIC FIBRISOL 542 633 209,519 5.91 TOTAL : FIBRISOLS (ORGANIC) 927435 358,097 10.10 R ROCKLAND 1375649 531,159 14.97 ' Percentages are based on the actual land surface of Canada and exclude the area of freshwater lakes, some 292,000 sq mi (756 280 km=) . The land surface area calculated from the Soil Map of Canada is 3,545,850 sq mi (9 180 926 km=) as compared with the official figures of 3,560,000 sq mi (9 240 000 km z), an error of 0 .4% . TABLE 3. PHYSIOGRAPHIC CORRELATION

SHIELD BORDERLANDS continued

REGIONS DIVISIONS REGIONS DIVISIONS Boothia Plateau Anderson Plain Coronation Hills Horton Plain Bathurst Hills Peel Plain Bear-Slave Upland Peel Plateau KAZAN REGION Back Lowland Colville Hills Wager Plateau Great Bear Plain Thelon Plain Great Slave Plain East Arm Hills INTERIOR PLAINS Alberta Plateau Kazan Upland Fort Nelson Lowland Athabasca Plain Peace River Lowland Alberta Plain Baffin Coastal Lowland Cypress Hills Davis Highlands Saskatchewan Plain Baffin Upland Missouri Coteau Hall Upland Manitoba Plain DAVIS REGION Frobisher Upland Manitoba Escarpment Melville Plateau Labrador Highlands West St . Lawrence Lowland George Plateau Central St. Lawrence Lowland Whale Lowland ST. LAWRENCE East St. Lawrence Lowland Southampton Plain LOWLANDS Anticosti Island Hudson Bay Mingan Islands Coastal HUDSON REGION Belcher Islands Newfoundland Richmond Hills Lowland Hudson Bay Lowland Newfoundland Highlands Severn Upland Newfoundland Central Lowland Nipigon Plain Atlantic Uplands of Port Arthur Hills Newfoundland Abitibi Upland Nova Scotia Highlands Cobalt Plain Annapolis Lowland Penokean Hills APPALACHIAN Atlantic Uplands of Nova Scotia JAMES REGION Eastmain Lowland REGION Maritime Plain Larch Plateau New Brunswick Highlands Povungnituk Hills Chaleur Uplands Sugluk Plateau Notre Dame Mountains Labrador Hills Megantic Hills Kaniapiskau Plateau Sutton Mountains Lake Plateau Eastern Quebec Uplands Mistassini Hills CORDILLERAN REGION Laurentian Highlands Hamilton Upland EASTERN SYSTEM LAURENTIAN REGION Hamilton Plateau Melville Plain Richardson Mountains Mealy Mountains Porcupine Plateau Mecatina Plateau PORCUPINE Old Crow Plain MOUNTAIN AREA Eagle Plain BORDERLANDS Porcupine Ranges Keele Range REGIONS DIVISIONS Nahoni Range Grantland Mountains Taiga Ranges Axel Heiberg Mountains Wernecke Mountains INNUITIAN REGION Eureka Upland Mackenzie Mountains Victoria and Albert Mountains MACKENZIE Backbone Ranges Sverdrup Lowland MOUNTAIN AREA Canyon Ranges Parry Plateau Mackenzie Plain Victoria Lowland Franklin Mountains Shaler Mountains Liard Plateau ARCTIC LOWLANDS Lancaster Plateau Rocky Mountain Foothills Plain Boothia Northern Rocky Mountains Foxe Plain ROCKY MOUNTAIN Muskwa Ranges ARCTIC COASTAL Island Coastal Plain AREA Southern Rocky Mountains PLAIN Mackenzie Delta Hart Ranges Yukon Coastal Plain Continental Ranges TABLE 3. PHYSIOGRAPHIC CORRELATION -concl'd

INTERIOR SYSTEM WESTERN SYSTEM

REGIONS DIVISIONS Coast Mountains Boundary Ranges BROOKS RANGE British Mountains Kitimat Ranges AREA Old Crow Range COAST MOUNTAIN Pacific Ranges AREA Cascade Mountains Ogilvie Mountains Skagit Ranges Yukon Plateau Hozameen Ranges Tintina Trench Okanagan Ranges NORTHERN PLATEAU Shakwak Trench AND MOUNTAIN Pelly Mountains Hecate Lowland AREA Selwyn Mountains Georgia Lowland Hyland Plateau COASTAL LOWLANDS Fraser Lowland Liard Plain Queen Charlotte Lowland Nahwitti Lowland Stikine Plateau Nanaimo Lowland Cassiar Mountains CENTRAL PLATEAU Skeena Mountains St. Elias Mountains AND MOUNTAIN Omineca Mountains Kluane Ranges AREA Nass Basin OUTER MOUNTAIN Icefield Ranges Hazelton Mountains AREA Queen Charlotte Ranges Northern Rocky Mountain Trench Vancouver Island Ranges Estevan Coastal Plain Interior Plateau SOUTHERN PLATEAU Fraser Basin AND MOUNTAIN Columbia Mountains AREA Columbia Highlands Southern Rocky Mountain Trench

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10 SOIL CLIMATE as sandy, loamy, or clayey and by descriptive terminology of the composition and mode of origin The soil climate of each map unit is broadly identified of the parent material . Reference can be made to the primarily for the regionally well-drained sites in terms System of Soil Classification for Canada (2) for of soil temperature class and unsaturated moisture many of the criteria used for these descriptions. Table subclass . Where significant areas of poorly drained 9 provides area totals for the various textural classes soils are known to occur within the map unit an that occur within each soil order, great group, estimate is also given for the saturated or Aquic and subgroup. moisture subclass. VEGETATION AND LAND USE See the section of the Soil Report dealing with Soil Climates of Canada for an explanation of climatic A generalized assessment of each map unit has been classes and subclasses and the accompanying soil made in terms of the occurrence of natural or climatic maps and diagrams. Tables 4 and 5 give disturbed vegetation and present land use. The the general characteristics of the temperature classes broad assessments are derived from a variety of and moisture subclasses used for the soil climatic sources, some supported by a reasonable amount of maps of Canada. Table 6 provides a summary of recorded observation, and many inferred from local the extent of each climatic class and subclass in observations or aerial photo interpretations. Canada and the percentages of the land area they represent. See the section on vegetation in the Soil Report for general reference and descriptive terminology for LANDSCAPE : TOPOGRAPHY vegetation. The system of classification for present AND LANDFORM land use developed for the Canada Land Inventory (6) has been largely followed with additional Each map unit is given a topographic description categories for wildlife and outdoor recreation. within three broad groupings : dominantly level to undulating ; dominantly rolling to hilly ; and Description of the land use terminology used is given dominantly steeply sloping to mountainous. The in Table 10 and a guide to the general combinations generalized composition of these broad groupings in of vegetational and land use grouping used in the terms of the more precise slope classes as used in Inventory is given in Table 11 . the Canadian classification system are given in Table 7 . Table 8 provides area totals for the various GEOGRAPHIC GRID REFERENCE topographic classes that occur within each soil order, great group, and subgroup. A grid reference is given to indicate the location of each soil map unit on the Soil Map of Canada . In the absence of an authorized terminology and The grid reference divides Canada into quadrangles classification of landforms for use by the Canada Soil each four latitude by four longitude. Each quadrangle Survey Committee, landforms are described in is identified by a letter indicating the latitudinal generalized terms of genetic landscape pattern using band, and a number indicating the longitudinal zone. current terminology. See the American Geological Institute's Dictionary of Geological Terms (4) and the Canada Department of Agriculture's Glossary of REFERENCE : SOURCE Terms in Soil Science (5) for definitions of AND RELIABILITY terms used . The source of soil information is indicated first by TEXTURE AND CHARACTER reference to the province or territory of Canada in OF PARENT MATERIAL which the soil map unit is found, and secondly the reliability of information indicated in terms referring The texture and characteristics of the dominant to whether it has been obtained from reconnaissance parent materials occurring within each unit are or detailed soil surveys, from exploratory soil described within a generalized family textural class, surveys, or from schematic interpretations. REFERENCES

1 . Dudal R . 1968. Definitions of soil units for the soil map of the world. FAO/UNESCO World Soil Resource Report No. 33, Rome. 2. Canada Department of Agriculture. 1970. The system of soil classification for Canada. Can. Dep. Agric. Publ. 1455. Information Canada, Ottawa. 249 pp. 3. Bostock H .S. 1970. Physiographic regions of Canada. Map 1254A, Geology and Economic Minerals of Canada, Maps and Charts. Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa . 4. American Geological Institute. 1962. Dictionary of geological terms. Dolphin Books, Doubleday and Co. Inc., Garden City, New York. 545 pp. 5. Canada Department of Agriculture. 1972. Glossary of terms in soil science. Can. Dep. Agric. Publ . 1459. 66 pp. 6. Department of Regional Economic Expansion . 1970. The Canada Land Inventory : Objectives, Scope, and Organization. Report No. 1, 2nd ed., Queens Printer, Ottawa. 61 pp. TABLE 4. GENERALIZED CHARACTERISTICS OF TEMPERATURE CLASSES USED FOR THE SOIL CLIMATE MAPS OF CANADA AND NORTH AMERICA

1 . ARCTIC Extremely Cold * * Mean annual soil temperature < 20°F ( < - 7°C) * * Mean summer soil temperature <41 °F ( < 5°C) * Growing season >- 41 °F (~! 5°C), < 15 days - Thermal period > 59°F (> 15°C), none Regions in this class have continuous permafrost usually within a depth of 3 ft (1 m) .

2. SUBARCTIC Very Cold * * Mean annual soil temperature 20 to < 36°F (- 7 to < 2°C) * * Mean summer soil temperature 41 to < 47°F (5 to <8'C) * Growing season >_ 41 °F (> 5°C), < 120 days * Growing season degree-days > 41 °F, < 1,000 ( >- 5°C, < 555) - Thermal period >_ 59°F ( >_ 15°C), none Regions in this class have widespread permafrost. Some profiles do not have permafrost within a depth of 3 ft (1 m) . Alpine soils are included in this class.

3. CRYOBOREAL Cold to Moderately Cold * * Mean annual soil temperature 36 to < 47°F (2 to < 8°C) * * Mean summer soil temperature 47 to < 59°F (8 to < 15°C) * Growing season > 41'F (> 5'C) ; 120 to 220 days * Growing season degree-days >_ 41 °F, 1,000 to < 2,250 ( >_ 5°C, 555 to < 1250) - Thermal period _> 59°F ( > 15°C), no significant days - Thermal period degree-days >_ 59°F, < 60 ( >- 15°C, < 33)

Soils with aquic regions may remain frozen for portions of the growing season . Organic soils having discontinuous or localized permafrost should be classified in 2.

3.1 Cold * Growing season > 41'F (> 5°C), 120 to 180 days * Growing season degree-days > 41 °F, 1,000 to < 2,000 (~! 5°C, 555 to < 1110)

3.2 Moderately Cold * Growing season >_ 41 °F ( >_ 5°C), < 220 days " Growing season degree-days >- 41 °F, 2,000 to < 2,250 (~! 5°C, 1110 to < 1250)

4. BOREAL Cool to Moderately Cool * * Mean annual soil temperature 41 to < 47°F (5 to < 8°C) * * Mean summer soil temperature 59 to < 65°F (15 to < 18°C) * Growing season >_ 41'F Q! 5°C), 170 to < 220 days * Growing season degree-days >_ 41 °F, 2,250 to < 3,100 (>- 5°C, 1250 to < 1720) - Thermal period >- 59°F (~! 15°C), < 120 days - Thermal period degree-days > 59°F, 60 to 400 (>_ 15°C, 33 to 222)

4.1 Cool * Growing season >_ 41 °F (~! 5°C), > 170 days * Growing season degree-days >_ 41'F, 2,250 to < 2,500 (~! 5°C, 1250 to < 1388) - Thermal period > 59°F (~! 15°C), < 60 days

4.2 Moderately Cool * Growing season > 41 °F ( >_ 5°C), < 220 days * Growing season degree-days >_ 41 °F, 2,500 to < 3,100 (~! 5°C, 1388 to < 1720) - Thermal period > 59°F ( >- 15°C), < 120 days

" Primary classifierfor class ; in accordance with criteria established for the FAO/UN ESCO Soil Climate Map of North America, measured at a depth of 50 cm . ' Secondary classifier for Soil Climate Map of Canada . - Supplementary information .

13 TABLE 4. GENERALIZED CHARACTERISTICS OF TEMPERATURE CLASSES USED FOR THE SOIL CLIMATE MAPS OF CANADA AND NORTH AMERICA-concl'd

5. MESIC Mild to Moderately Warm "" Moan annual soil temperature 47 to < 59°F (8 to < 15°C) '" Mean summer soil temperature 59 to < 72°F (15 to < 22°C) " Growing season > 41 °F ( > 5°C), 200 to 365 days " Growing season degree-days >_ 41'F, 3,100 to 5,000 (> 5°C, 1720 to 2775) - Thermal period _> 59°F ( >_ 15°C), < 180 days - Thermal period degree-days > 59°F, 300 to 1,200 (> 16°C, 167 to 666)

5.1 Mild " Growing season >_ 41'F (~! 5°C), 200 to 240 days Growing season degree-days _> 41'F, 3,100 to 4,000 ( > 5°C, 1720 to 2220) Thermal period >_ 59°F (~! 15°C), < 120 days

5.2 Moderately Warm ' Growing season >_ 41'F (~! 5°C), > 240 days ' Growing season degree-days >_ 41 °F, 4,000 to 5,000 ( >_ 5°C, > 2220 to 2775) - Thermal period >_ 59°F (~! 15°C), < 180 days

6. THERMIC Moderately Warm to Warm "* Mean annual soil temperature 59 to < 72°F (15 to < 22°C) This region does not occur in Canada .

7. HYPERTHERMIC Very Warm to Hot '" Mearn annual soil temperature >_ 72°F ( >_ 22°C) This region does not occur in Canada.

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14 TABLE 5. GENERALIZED CHARACTERISTICS OF MOISTURE REGIMES AND SUBCLASSES USED FOR THE SOIL CLIMATE MAPS OF CANADA AND NORTH AMERICA

AQUIC REGIME Soil is saturated for significant periods of the growing season. a Peraquic Soil saturated for very long periods. Groundwater level at or within capillary reach of the surface. b Aquic Soil saturated for moderately long periods.

C Subaquic Soil saturated for short periods.

MOIST UNSATURATED REGIME Varying periods and intensities of water deficits during the growing season. ** d Perhumid Soil moist all year, seldom dry. No significant water deficits in the growing season. Water deficits 0 - < 1 in . (< 2 .5 cm) . Climatic Moisture Index (CMI) > 84. ** e Humid Soil not dry in any part for as long as 90 consecutive days in most years. Very slight deficits in the growing season . Water deficits 1 - < 2.5 in . (2 .5 - < 6.4 cm) . C M I 74-84. f Subhumid * * Soil dry in some parts when soil temperature is > 41'F ( >_ 5°C) in some years. * Significant deficits within the growing season. Water deficits 2 .5 - < 5.0 in. (6.4 - < 12.7 cm) . CMI 59-73 . . . g Semiarid Soil dry in some parts when soil temperature is >- 41 °F ( > 5°C) in most years. Moderately severe deficits in the growing season. Water deficits 5.0 - < 7 .5 in. (12.7 - < 19.1 cm) . CMI 46-58. h Subarid * * Soil dry in some or all parts most of the time when the soil temperature is >_ 41 °F (> 5°C) . Some periods as long as 90 consecutive days when the soil is moist. * Severe growing season deficits. Water deficits 7 .5 - < 15 in. (19.1 - 38.1 cm) in BOREAL and CRYOBOREAL classes, 7 .5 - < 20 in . (19.1 - < 50.8 cm) in MESIC or warmer classes. CMI 25-45. j Arid * * Soil dry in some or all parts most of the time when soil is >- 41 °F ( >_ 5°C) . No period as long as 90 consecutive days when the soil is moist. * Very severe growing season deficits. Water deficits >- 15 in . ( >_ 38.1 cm) in BOREAL and >_ 20 in. (> 50.8 cm) in MESIC or warmer classes. CMI < 25. x Xeric Soil dry in all parts 45 consecutive days or more within the 4-month period (July to October) after the summer solstice in more than 6 years out of 10. Soil moist in all parts for 45 consecutive days or more within the 4-month period (January to April) after the winter solstice in more than 6 years out of 10.

Arid and Xeric subclasses are not believed to occur extensively in Canada, but may be found in local areas of microclimate . CMI - Climatic moisture index is an expression of the percentage contribution of growing-season precipitation to the total amount of water required by a crop if lack of water is not to limit its production.

" Primary classifier for subclass ; in accordance with criteria established for the FAO/UNESCO Soil Climate Map of North America . ' Secondary classifier for Soil Climate Map of Canada . TABLE 6. EXTENT OF SOIL TEMPERATURE CLASSES AND MOISTURE SUBCLASSES IN CANADA, SQ MI (KMa)

Soil temperature classes

1 2 2-3 .1 3.1 3.1-2 3.1-3.2 3.2 3.2-3.1

d 29,911 24,890 185,636 30,815 311,777 (77440) (64 440) (480 612) (79780) (807 191) de 251 (650) e 1,065,615 547,133 156,973 260,556 5,916 35,388 1,933 (2758877) (1 416 527) (406 404) (674 579) (15317) (91 620) (5005) ed

ef 32,262 (83526) y m f 30,515 2,757 60,464 U (7138) (156 541) .n (79003) N 11,008 35,812 11,686 1,040 N fe 97,869 78,797 60,890 5 (253 833) (204 005) (157 644) (28500) (92717) (30255) (2693) N 'o fg 25,655 E (66421) 'o g 513 11,946 (1328) (30928) gf

Temperature 1,065,615 645,002 265,681 409,877 202,560 130,427 397,806 1,040 class total (2758877) (1 670 360) (687 849) (1 061 170) (524 429) (337 676) (1 029920) (2693)

% 30.05 18.20 7.49 11 .56 5.71 3.68 11 .22 0.03 Moisture 3.2-4 .1 4.1 4.1-3 .2 4.1-4.2 4.2 4.2-5 .1 5.1-4.2 5.1 subclass total %

24,962 40,698 5,741 12,897 16,597 10,179 694,023 19.58 (64627) (105 160) (14863) (33390) (42970) (26353) (1 796826) 46,400 46,651 1 .31 (120 130) (120 780) 1,923 276 2,746 14,325 2,200 18,922 2,113,906 59.63 (4979) (715) (7109) (37087) (5696) (48989) (5472904) 2,437 87,099 89,536 2.53 (6309) (225 499) (231 808) 1,784 34,046 0.96 (4619) (88145)

753 14,395 2,150 142 4,624 115,800 3 .26 (1950) (37269) (5566) (368) (11 972) (299 807) 813 2,025 2,534 8,991 311,465 8.78 (2105) (5243) (6561) (23278) (806 834) 1,173 26,828 0.76 (3037) (69458) 26,738 7,309 3,377 257 50,140 1 .41 (69225) (18923) (8743) (665) (129 812) 3,481 2,416 848 7,717 14,462 0.41 (9012) (6255) (2195) (19979) (37441) 318 318 0.01 (823) (823) 17,224 7,426 18,210 1,677 44,537 1 .25 (44593) (19226) (47146) (4342) (115 306) 2,678 1,460 4,138 0.11 (6933) (3778) (10711)

76,409 108,747 9,015 126,654 55,849 3,877 2,791 44,500 3,545,850 100.0 (197 824) (281 546) (23 339) (327 904) (144 593) (10038) (7226) (115 211) (9180655)

2.15 3.07 0.25 3.57 1 .58 0.11 0.08 1 .25 100.0

d 11 TABLE 7. TOPOGRAPHIC CLASSES

Soil Map of Canada Canadian Soil Classification System and FAO/UNESCO - - Soil Map of the World Single topography Complex topography (North America) Slope ` Single slopes Multiple slopes Slope 1 :5,000,000 % (regular surface) (irregular surface) %

Dominantly level to 0 to 9% A Depressional to level a Nearly level 0 to 0.5 undulating B Very gently sloping b Gently undulating 0.5 + to 2 C Gently sloping c Undulating 2 -F to 5 D Moderately sloping d Gently rolling 5 -I- to 9

Dominantly rolling 9% to 30% slopes on E Strongly sloping e Moderately rolling 9 -I- to 15 to hilly 40% or more of area . F Steeply sloping f Strongly rolling 15 + to 30 The remainder is mainly 0 to 10% slopes .

Dominantly steeply Over 30% slopes on 10% G Very steeply sloping g Hilly 30 -I- to 60 sloping to mountainous or more of area so H Extremely sloping h Very hilly over 60 distributed as to seriously affect land use.

~~~~\ \~~l) ~ ~ . . ~l , t ~06, / . .

18 TABLE 8. AREA TOTALS FOR THE VARIOUS TOPOGRAPHIC CLASSES WITHIN EACH SOIL ORDER, GREAT GROUP, AND SUBGROUP, SO MI (KMz) TOPOGRAPHIC CLASSES : a) DOMINANTLY LEVEL TO UNDULATING b) DOMINANTLY ROLLING TO HILLY, 9-30% c) DOMINANTLY STEEPLY SLOPING TO MOUNTAINOUS

A1 BROWN CHERNOZEMIC Orthic Brown 16,894 18,296 (43738) (47368) Grumic Brown 3,081 (7977) Solonetzic Brown 443 (1147) Total : Brown Chernozemics 20,418 18,296 (52862) (47368) A2 DARK BROWN CHERNOZEMIC Orthic Dark Brown 23,970 5,577 9,771 (62058) (14439) (25297) Grumic, Rego, and Orthic Dark Brown 2,544 (6586) Solonetzic Dark Brown 462 (1196) Eluviated and Solonetzic Dark Brown and Brown 296 (767) Eluviated Dark Brown 271 (702) Total : Dark Brown Chernozemics 27,543 5,577 9,771 (71 309) (14439) (25297) A3 BLACK CHERNOZEMIC Orthic Black 43,752 12,258 (113 274) (31 736) Rego Black 14,612 (37830) Carbonated Rego Black 6,851 (17737) Total : Black Chernozemics 65,245 12,258 (168 841) (31 736) TABLE 8. AREA TOTALS FOR THE VARIOUS TOPOGRAPHIC CLASSES WITHIN EACH SOIL ORDER, GREAT GROUP, AND SUBGROUP, SO MI (KM z)-cont . TOPOGRAPHIC CLASSES : a) DOMINANTLY LEVEL TO UNDULATING b) DOMINANTLY ROLLING TO HILLY, 9-30% c) DOMINANTLY STEEPLY SLOPING TO MOUNTAINOUS

a ab b bc c abc ac

A4 DARK GRAY CHERNOZEMIC

Orthic Dark Gray 18,117 3,583 (46905) (9276) TOTAL : CHERNOZEMICS 131,323 ,577 43,908 (339 917) (14439) (113 677) 131 BROWN SOLONETZ 11,535 (29864) B2 BLACK SOLONETZ 7,496 (19407) B4 BLACK SOLOD 9,001 (23304) TOTAL : SOLONETZICS 28,032 (72575) C1 GRAY BROWN LUVISOL Orthic Gray Brown Luvisol 5,382 (13922) Brunisolic Gray Brown Luvisol 11,817 870 (30606) (2252) Total : Gray Brown Luvisols 17,199 870 (44528) (2252) C2 GRAY LUVISOL

Orthic Gray Luvisol 140,791 149,769 1,736 (364 508) (387 752) (4495) Dark Gray Luvisol 2,110 (5463) Total : Gray Luvisols 142,901 149,769 1,736 (369 971) (387 752) (4495) TOTAL : LUVISOLS 160,100 150,639 1,736 (414 499) (390 004) (4495) D3 HUMO-FERRIC PODZOL

Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol 98,916 96,745 522,578 14,303 67,470 389 (256 094) (250 473) (1352954) (37030) (174 680) (1007) TABLE 8. AREA TOTALS FOR THE VARIOUS TOPOGRAPHIC CLASSES WITHIN EACH SOIL ORDER, GREAT GROUP, AND SUBGROUP, SO MI (KMZ) -cont. TOPOGRAPHIC CLASSES : a) DOMINANTLY LEVEL TO UNDULATING b) DOMINANTLY ROLLING TO HILLY, 9-30% c) DOMINANTLY STEEPLY SLOPING TO MOUNTAINOUS

a ab b bc c abc ac

E1 MELANIC BRUNISOL Orthic Melanic Brunisol 10,259 432 (26561) (1118) E2 EUTRIC BRUNISOL Orthic Eutric Brunisol 43,447 1,741 77,615 5,139 87,000 (112 484) (4507) (200 945) (13305) (225 243) E3 DYSTRIC BRUNISOL Orthic Dystric Brunisol 9,128 848 118,278 2,047 8,432 (26632) (2195) (306 222) (5300) (21 830) Cryic Dystric Brunisol 8,853 (22920) Total : Dystric Brunisols 17,981 848 118,278 2,047 8,432 (49552) (2195) (306 222) (5300) (21 830) TOTAL : BRUNISOLS 71,687 2,589 196,325 7,186 95,432 (185 597) (6702) (508 285) (18605) (247 073) F1 ORTHIC REGOSOL Orthic Regosol 7,122 23,406 (18439) (60598) Saline Orthic Regosol 1,597 (4135) Total : Orthic Regosols 8,719 23,406 (22574) (60598) F2 CUMULIC REGOSOL 3,170 11,008 (8207) (28500) F3 CRYIC ORTHIC REGOSOL 243,353 133 459,759 129,790 (630 041) (344) (1 190316) (336 026) TOTAL : REGOSOLS 255,242 133 494,173 129,790 (660 822) (344) (1 279414) (336 026) G1 HUMIC GLEYSOL Orthic Humic Gleysol 13,510 (34977) TABLE 8. AREA TOTALS FOR THE VARIOUS TOPOGRAPHIC CLASSES WITHIN EACH SOIL ORDER, GREAT GROUP, AND SUBGROUP, SO MI (KM Z)-cont . TOPOGRAPHIC CLASSES : a) DOMINANTLY LEVEL TO UNDULATING b) DOMINANTLY ROLLING TO HILLY, 9-30% c) DOMINANTLY STEEPLY SLOPING TO MOUNTAINOUS

a ab b bc c abc ac

G2 ORTHIC GLEYSOL 48,628 1,595 4,026 (125 898) (4129) (10423) G3 CRYIC ORTHIC GLEYSOL 14,005 556 (36259) (1439) TOTAL : GLEYSOLS 76,143 1,596 4,582 (197134) (4132) (11862) H1 FIBRISOL 123,121 25,457 (318 760) (65908) H3 CRYIC FIBRISOL 205,574 3,945 (532 231) (10214) TOTAL : ORGANIC 328,695 29,402 (850 991) (76122) R ROCKLAND 195,252 37,904 100,091 80,633 117,279 (505 507) (98133) (259 136) (208 758) (303635) TABLE 9. AREA TOTALS FOR THE VARIOUS TEXTURAL CLASSES WITHIN EACH SOIL ORDER, GREAT GROUP, AND SUBGROUP, SO MI (KM=) TEXTURAL CLASSES : 1) SANDY, 2) LOAMY, 3) CLAYEY

Rockland Organic 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 1/2/3 1/3

A1 BROWN CHERNOZEMIC Orthic Brown 2,307 32,104 779 (5973) (83117) (2017)

Grumic Brown 3,081 (7977)

Solonetzic Brown 443 (1147)

Total : Brown Chernozemics 2,307 32,547 779 3,081 (5973) (84264) (2017) (7977)

A2 DARK BROWN CHERNOZEMIC Orthic Dark Brown 1,529 518 34,987 2,284 (3959) (1341) (90582) (5913) Grumic, Rego, and Orthic Dark 2,544 Brown (6586) Solonetzic Dark Brown 157 305 (406) (790)

Eluviated and Solonetzic 296 Dark Brown and Brown (766) Eluviated Dark Brown 271 (702)

Total : Dark Brown Chernozemics 1,529 518 35,711 5,133 (3959) (1341) (92456) (13289)

A3 BLACK CHERNOZEMIC Orthic Black 3,920 296 49,691 2,135 (10149) (766) (128 700) (5528)

Rego Black 9,788 4,823 (25350) (12487)

Carbonated Rego Black 6,850 (17735)

Total : Black Chernozemics 3,920 296 66,329 6,958 (10149) (766) (171 726) (18015) TABLE 9. AREA TOTALS FOR THE VARIOUS TEXTURAL CLASSES WITHIN EACH SOIL ORDER, GREAT GROUP, AND SUBGROUP, SO MI (KMz)-cont. TEXTURAL CLASSES : 1) SANDY, 2) LOAMY, 3) CLAYEY

Rockland Organic 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 1/2/3 1/3

A4 DARK GRAY CHERNOZEMIC Orthic Dark Gray 17,887 2,412 1,401 (46309) (6245) (3627) TOTAL : CHERNOZEMICS 7,756 814 152,474 3,191 16,573 (20081) (2107) (394 755) (8262) (42908) 131 BROWN SOLONETZ 11,535 (29864) B2 BLACK SOLONETZ 2,713 2,687 2,096 (7024) (6957) (5427) B4 BLACK SOLOD 9,001 (23304) TOTAL : SOLONETZICS 14,248 2,687 11,097 (36888) (6957) (28731) C1 GRAY BROWN LUVISOL Orthic Gray Brown Luvisol 230 5,092 (596) (13183) Brunisolic Gray Brown Luvisol 492 9,645 2,561 49 (1274) (24971) (6630) (127) Total : Gray Brown Luvisols 492 9,645 2,791 49 5,092 (1274) (24971) (7226) (127) (13183) C2 GRAY LUVISOL Orthic Gray Luvisol 212 10,498 224,778 19,278 20,699 16,882 (549) (27179) (581 950) (49910) (53610) (43707) Dark Gray Luvisol 266 1,198 212 443 (689) (3102) (549) (1147) Total : Gray Luvisols 478 11,696 224,990 19,278 21,142 16,882 (1238) (30281) (582 499) (49910) (54757) (43707) TOTAL : LUVISOLS 970 21,341 227,781 19,278 26,234 16,882 (2512) (55252) (589 725) (49910) (67940) (43707) D3 HUMO-FERRIC PODZOL Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol 528,535 149,379 122,487 (1 368377) (386 742) (317 119) E1 MELANIC BRUNISOL Orthic Melanic Brunisol 8,319 1,993 379 (21 538) (5160) (981) TABLE 9. AREA TOTALS FOR THE VARIOUS TEXTURAL CLASSES WITHIN EACH SOIL ORDER, GREAT GROUP, AND SUBGROUP, SO MI (KM2)-cont. TEXTURAL CLASSES : 1) SANDY, 2) LOAMY, 3) CLAYEY

Rockland Organic 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 1/2/3 1/3

E2 EUTRIC BRUNISOL Orthic Eutric Brunisol 152,958 14,815 40,936 6,233 (396 008) (38356) (105 983) (16137) E3 DYSTRIC BRUNISOL Orthic Dystric Brunisol 105,802 30,629 1,489 813 (273 921) (79298) (3855) (2105) Cryic Dystric Brunisol . 8,853 (22920) Total : Dystric Brunisols 114,655 30,629 1,489 813 (296 841) (79298) (3855) (2105) TOTAL : BRUNISOLS 267,613 14,815 79,884 3,482 7,425 (692 849) (38356) (206 819) (9015) (19223) F1 ORTHIC REGOSOL Orthic Regosol 26,066 591 3,871 (67485) (1530) (10022) Saline Orthic Regosol 1,597 (4135) Total : Orthic Regosols 26,066 591 5,468 (67485) (1530) (14157) F2 CUMULIC REGOSOL 13,029 1,149 (33732) (2975) F3 CRYIC ORTHIC REGOSOL 504,219 306,735 22,081 (1 305423) (794 137) (57168) TOTAL : REGOSOLS 530,285 591 325,232 23,230 (1 372908) (1530) (842 026) (60143) G1 HUMIC GLEYSOL Orthic Humic Gleysol 3,401 9,552 557 (8805) (24730) (1442) G2 ORTHIC GLEYSOL 1,159 2,194 3,890 47,007 (3001) (5680) (10071) (121 701) G3 CRYIC ORTHIC GLEYSOL 1,350 4,349 8,862 (3495) (11 260) (22944) TOTAL : GLEYSOLS 2,509 9,944 12,752 56,559 557 (6496) (25745) (33015) (146 431) (1442) TABLE 9. AREA TOTALS FOR THE VARIOUS TEXTURAL CLASSES WITHIN EACH SOIL ORDER, GREAT GROUP, AND SUBGROUP, SQ MI (KMz)-concl'd TEXTURAL CLASSES : 1) SANDY, 2) LOAMY, 3) CLAYEY

Rockland Organic 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 1/2/3 1/3

H1 FIBRISOL 21,725 (56246) H3 CRYIC FIBRISOL 66,325 (171 715) TOTAL : ORGANIC 88,050 (227 961) R ROCKLAND 125,164 (324050) TABLE 10 . LAND USE

Nonagricultural (purposes)

Urban : Built-up Areas

Include : All compact settlements ; the built-up portions of cities, towns, and villages, including any nonagricultural open space that forms an integral part of the urban agglomeration.

Mines, Quarries, Sand, and Gravel Pits Land used now or in the past for the extraction of earth materials.

Outdoor Recreation

Land used for private or public outdoor recreation purposes. Include : Land occupied by summer cottages and adjacent beach areas. The total area within the boundaries of national, provincial, municipal, and private parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and historical sites.

Agricultural

Horticulture, Poultry, and Fur Operations

Land used for intensive cultivation of vegetables and small fruits . This includes market gardens, nurseries, flower and bulb farms, and sod farms. Large-scale commercial fur and poultry farms are also included because of their specialized agricultural nature.

Orchards and Vineyards

Land used for the production of tree fruits, hops, and grapes .

Cropland

Land used for annual field crops : grain, oilseeds, sugar beets, tobacco, potatoes, field vegetables, associated fallow, and land being cleared for field crops.

Improved Pasture and Forage Crops

Land used for improved pasture or for the production of hay and other cultivated fodder crops, including land being cleared for these purposes .

Rough Grazing and Rangeland

(1) Rangeland : Areas of natural grasslands, sedges, herbaceous plants, and abandoned farmland whether used for grazing or not. Bushes and trees may cover up to 25% of the area . Intermittently wet hay lands (sloughs or meadows) are included, if utilized . (2) Woodland grazing : In some grassy, open woodlands, bushes and trees may somewhat exceed 25% cover if the area is actively grazed and no other use dominates.

Woodland

(i) Productive Woodland : Wooded land with trees having over 25% canopy cover and over approximately 20 ft (6 m) in height. Plantations and artificially reforested areas are included regardless of age. Productivity will usually be over 30 cu ft/ac (2 m3/ha) per year, and will include most forested lands rated as Class 5 or better for Forestry in the Canada Land Inventory. Assuming a rotation age of 100 years, yields are usually greater than 25 cords/ac (224 m3/ha) for low productivity Class 5 land . High productivity, Class 1, forest land in Canada can be expected to provide from 111 cu ft to over 190 cu ft/ac (7.5 m3 to 13 m3/ha) per year. TABLE 10 . LAND USE-concl'd.

(ii) Nonproductive Woodland : Land with trees or bushes exceeding 25% crown cover, and shorter than approximately 20 ft (6 m) in height. Much cutover and burned land is included. Productivity will usually be less than 30 cu ft/ac (2 m3/ha) and often less than 10 cu ft/ac (0.7 m3/ha) per year and will include most lands classified as Classes 6 and 7 for Forestry in the Canada Land Inventory. Yields are often less than 25 cords/ac (224 m3/ha) and usually 10 to 12 cords/ac (90 to 107 m3/ha) .

Swamp, Marsh, or Bog

Includes open wetlands of all types, except those that frequently dry up and show evidence of grazing or hay cutting.

Unproductive Land

Land that in its present state does not and will not support vegetation ; for example, eroded soil or rock and active depositional features .

(i) Sand Flats, Dunes, and Beaches : Land on which an exposed sand surface predominates . Includes all tracts of land on which bare sand comprises over 75% of the total area.

(ii) Rock and Other Unvegetated Surfaces : Rock barrens, badlands, eroded river banks, gravel bars, alkali flats, areas covered by slag dumps or mine tailings. Includes all tracts of land on which bare rock or noncultivated bare earth comprises over 75% of the total surface.

Water

Lakes, ponds, rivers, and other permanent water bodies large enough to be mapped.

TABLE 11 . VEGETATION AND LAND USE COMBINATIONS

Vegetation Present land use

Field crops Cropland Improved pasture and forage (cultivated)

Horticultural crops Horticulture, including poultry, furs, orchards, and vineyards

Grasses, forbs, shrubs Rough grazing and rangeland and Boreal Forest transition Woodland grazing Grassland grazing

Grasses and forbs Grassland grazing Grasses, forbs, and shrubs Woodland grazing Shrubs

Unspecified forest Productive or nonproductive Coniferous forest Woodland grazing Hardwood forest Outdoor recreation Mixed forest

None : barren or nearly barren Urban build up Tundra Mines, quarries, sand and gravel pits Marsh, meadow bog Outdoor recreation Swamp forest Rough grazing Wildlife grazing

28 Fig. 1 . Geographic grid reference for location of map units. INVENTORY OF THE SOILS OF CANADA A : DOMINANTLY CHERNOZEMIC SOILS

Map unit

Soil subgroups

1 Dominant Physiography > 40% area 2 Subdominant 1 Region > 20% area Area 2 Division Soil climate Symbol 3 Significant 3 Local subdivision Canadian inclusions sq mi 4 Range of Temperature class (FAO/UNESCO) 10-20% Phase (km2) elevation, ft (m) Moisture subclass

A1 Brown Chernozemic A1 1 Orthic Brown 143 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 1 Chernozemic (370) 2 Alberta Plain h Subarid (Kh1-1a) 3 Brown Solonetz 4 2,700-2,800 (820-850) A1 1 Orthic Brown 143 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 2 Chernozemic (370) 2 Alberta Plain h Subarid (Kh1-1a) 4 2,400-2,600 (730-790) A1 1 Orthic Brown 498 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 3 Chernozemic (1 290) 2 Alberta Plain h Subarid (Kh1-1a) 4 2,400-2,500 (730-760) A1 1 Orthic Brown 99 1 Interior Plains 4.2 Boreal, 4 Chernozemic (256) 2 Alberta Plain moderately cool (Kh1-1a) 2 Orthic Regosol 4 2,400-2,500 h Subarid (730-760) A1 1 Orthic Brown 320 1 Interior Plains 4.2 Boreal, 5 Chernozemic (829) 2 Alberta Plain moderately cool (Kh1-1a) 4 2,400-2,600 h Subarid (730-790) A1 1 Orthic Brown 266 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 7 Chernozemic (689) 2 Saskatchewan h Subarid (Kh1-2a) 3 Dark Brown Plain Chernozemic 4 1,500-1,950 (460-590) A1 1 Orthic Brown 281 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 8 Chernozemic (728) 2 Alberta Plain h Subarid (Kh1-2a) 4 2,100-2,300 (640-700) A1 1 Orthic Brown 2,687 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 9 Chernozemic (6959) 2 Alberta Plain h Subarid (Kh1-2a) 3 Old Wives Lake Plain, Wood Mt . Upland 4 2,200-2,600 (670-790) A1 1 Orthic Brown 1,578 1 Cordilleran 4.2-5.1 10 Chernozemic (4087) 2 Interior Plateau Boreal, (Kh1-2a) 3 Orthic Dark Thompson Plateau moderately cool Brown 3 Fraser-Thompson to Mesic, mild Chernozemic River Valley h Subarid Orthic Black 4 1,000-2,000 Chernozemic (300-610) A1 1 Orthic Brown 5,912 1 Interior Plains 4.2 Boreal, 11 Chernozemic (15311) 2 Alberta Plain moderately cool (Kh1-2b) 3 Big Stick Lake h Subarid Plain 4 2,300-2,600 (700-790)

A : DOMINANTLY CHERNOZEMIC SOILS - cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

1 Dominant Physiography > 40% area 2 Subdominant 1 Region > 20% area rea 2 Division oil climate ymbol 3 Significant 3 Local subdivision Canadian inclusions sq mi 4 Range of Temperature class (FAO/UNESCO) 10-20% ase (km z) elevation, ft (m) Moisture subclass

A1 1 Orthic Brown 779 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 12 Chernozemic (2017) 2 Alberta Plain h Subarid (Kh1-2/3a) 3 Old Wives Lake Plain 4 2,200-2,600 (670-790) A1 1 Grumic Brown 1,779 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 13 Chernozemic (4607) 2 Alberta Plain h Subarid (Kh1-3a) 2 Orthic Brown 3 Snipe Lake Plain Chernozemic 4 2,100-2,300 (640-700) A1 1 Grumic Brown 543 1 Interior Plains 4.2 Boreal, 14 Chernozemic (1406) 2 Alberta Plain moderately cool (Kh1-3a) 2 Orthic Brown 3 Big Stick Lake h Subarid Chernozemic Plain 4 2,000-2,250 (610-680) A1 1 Grumic Brown 276 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 15 Chernozemic (715) 2 Alberta Plain h Subarid (Kh1-3a) 2 Orthic Brown 3 Snipe Lake Plain Chernozemic 4 2,100-2,300 (640-700) A1 1 Grumic Brown 483 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 16 Chernozemic (1 251) 2 Alberta Plain h Subarid (Kh1-3a) 2 Orthic Brown 4 2,200-2,300) Chernozemic (670-700) A1 1 Orthic Brown 1,104 1 Interior Plains 4.2 Boreal, 17 Chernozemic (2859) 2 Alberta Plain moderately cool (Kh8-1b) 2 Orthic Regosol 3 Big Stick Lake h Subarid 3 Rego Gleysol Plain Orthic Gleysol 4 2,400-2,800 (730-850) A1 1 Orthic Brown 4,468 1 Interior Plains 4.1-4 .2 18 Chernozemic (11 572) 2 Alberta Plain Boreal, cool to (Kh8-2b) 2 Orthic Regosol 3 Wood Mt . Upland moderately cool 3 Cumulic Regosol Frenchman River h Subarid Plain 4 2,600-3,300 (790-1000) A1 1 Orthic Brown 2,958 1 Interior Plains 4.1-4 .2 19 Chernozemic (7661) 2 Alberta Plain Boreal, cool to (Kh15-2b) 2 Solonetzic Brown 4 2,200-2,500 moderately cool Chernozemic (670-760) h Subarid 3 Orthic Humic G leysol A1 1 Orthic Brown 1,272 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 20 Chernozemic (3294) 2 Alberta Plain h Subarid (Kh15-2b) 2 Solonetzic Brown 3 Old Wives Lake Chernozemic Plain 3 Orthic Humic 4 2,200-2,600 Gleysol (670-790) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating till & glacial Loamy & clayey, Field crops C 10 1 Saskatchewan lake plain moderately (wheat specialty) 2 Soil survey calcareous till & lacustrine deposits

Level to gently Clayey, moderately Field crops C 9 1 Saskatchewan undulating glacial lake calcareous (wheat specialty) 2 Soil survey plain lacustrine deposits

Undulating, shallow Clayey, moderately Field crops C 10 1 Saskatchewan glacial lake plain calcareous (wheat specialty) 2 Soil survey modified till & lacustrine deposits Moderately rolling Coarse fluvial Field crops C 9 1 Saskatchewan outwash & glacial lake & fluvial lacustrine Rough grazing & 2 Soil survey plain deposits rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs)

Gently to moderately Loamy modified Rough grazing & C 9, 10 1 Saskatchewan rolling glacial till plain till & alluvium rangeland (grasses, 2 Soil survey & glacial channels forbs, shrubs) Field crops

Gently to moderately Loamy, moderately Field crops (wheat, C 9 1 Saskatchewan rolling morainic plain calcareous till mixed grains) Alberta 2 Soil survey

Gently to moderately Loamy, moderately Field crops (wheat C 10 1 Saskatchewan rolling morainic plain calcareous till specialty) 2 Soil survey Rough grazing & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs) A : DOMINANTLY CHERNOZEMIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

A1 1 Orthic Brown 1,272 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 21 Chernozemic (3294) 2 Alberta Plain hg Subarid to (Kh1-2a) 2 Orthic Dark 4 2,200-2,700 semiarid Brown (670-820) Chernozemic

A1 1 Orthic Brown 2,145 1 Interior Plains 4.2 Boreal, 22 Chernozemic (5555) 2 Alberta Plain moderately cool (KL29-2a) 2 Solonetzic Brown 3 Milk River Plain h Subarid Chernozemic Frenchman River 3 Brown Solonetz Plain 4 2,800-3,500 (850-1060) A1 1 Orthic Brown 6,682 1 Interior Plains 4.2 Boreal, 23 Chernozemic (17306) 2 Alberta Plain moderately cool (KL17-2a) 4 2,500-3,500 h Subarid (760-1060) A1 1 Solonetzic Brown 443 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 24 Chernozemic (1 147) 2 Alberta Plain h Subarid (KL17-2a) 2 Orthic Brown 4 2,400-2,600 Chernozemic (730-790) A1 1 Orthic Brown 1,499 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 25 Chernozemic (3882) 2 Alberta Plain h Subarid (Kh12-2b) 3 Orthic Humic 3 Missouri Coteau c Subaquic Gleysol 4 2,200-2,500 inclusions (670-760) A1 1 Orthic Brown 1,084) 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 26 Chernozemic (2807) 2 Alberta Plain h Subarid (Kh12-2b) 2 Orthic Humic 3 Missouri Coteau c Subaquic Gleysol 4 2,000-2,500 inclusions (610-760) A2 Dark Brown Chernozemic A2 1 Orthic Dark 517 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 30 Brown (1 339) 2 Alberta Plain moderately (Kh1-2/1a) Chernozemic 4 2,200-2,400 cold 3 Eluviated Dark (670-730) 9 Semiarid Brown Chernozemic Solonetzic Dark Brown Chernozemic A2 1 Orthic Dark 986 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 31 Brown (2554) 2 Alberta Plain moderately cold (Kh1-1ab) Chernozemic 4 2,150-2,300 g Semiarid 3 Orthic Regosol (650-700) A2 1 Orthic Dark 173 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 32 Brown (448) 2 Alberta Plain moderately cold (Kh1-1 a) Chernozemic 4 2,200-2,400 g Semiarid (670-730) hysical haracteristics eference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating till & glacial Loamy, moderately Field crops (mixed C 9 1 Alberta lake plain calcareous till grains) 2 Soil survey & lacustrine deposits

Undulating till plain Loamy, moderately Field crops C 9, 10 1 Saskatchewan calcareous till Rough grazing & 2 Soil survey rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs)

Undulating till plain Loamy, moderately Field crops (irrigation, C 8,9 1 Alberta calcareous till mixed crops) 2 Soil survey

Undulating till plain Loamy, moderately Field crops (irrigation, C 8 1 Alberta calcareous modified mixed crops) 2 Soil survey till

Moderately to strongly Loamy, moderately Field crops (wheat C10 1 Saskatchewan rolling morainic plain calcareous till specialty) 2 Soil survey Rough grazing (forbs, shrubs)

Moderately to strongly Loamy, moderately Field crops (wheat C 9, 10 1 Saskatchewan rolling morainic plain calcareous till specialty) 2 Soil survey Rough grazing & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs)

Very gently to gently Loamy to sandy, Field crops D 9 1 Alberta undulating till plain moderately calcareous (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey till & fluvial lacustrine deposits

Very gently to gently Sandy fluvial Field crops D 9 1 Alberta undulating glacial lake lacustrine & aeolian (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey & aeolian sand plains deposits

Very gently to gently Sandy fluvial Field crops C 9 1 Alberta undulating glacial lake lacustrine & aeolian (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey & aeolian sand plains deposits A : DOMINANTLY CHERNOZEMIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

A2 1 Orthic Dark 370 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 33 Brown (958) 2 Alberta Plain moderately cold (Kh1-lab) Chernozemic 4 2,100-2,300 g Semiarid (640-700) A2 1 Orthic Dark 813 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 34 Brown (2105) 2 Alberta Plain moderately cold (KL4-2a) Chernozemic 3 Snipe Lake Plain g Semiarid 2 Solidic Dark 4 2,100-2,300 Brown (640-700) Chernozemic 3 Eluviated Dark Brown Chernozemic A2 1 Orthic Dark 755 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 35 Brown (1 955) 2 Alberta Plain g Semiarid (K16-3a) Chernozemic 4 2,700-2,900 3 Brown Solonetz (820-880) A2 1 Orthic Dark 1,528 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 36 Brown (3957) 2 Alberta Plain g Semiarid (Kh1-3a) Chernozemic Saskatchewan 2 Grumic Rego Plain Dark Brown 3 Snipe Lake Chernozemic Plateau Saskatchewan River Plateau 4 2,000-2,250 (610-680) A2 1 Orthic Dark 1,622 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 37 Brown (4201) 2 Alberta Plain moderately cold (Kh15-2a) Chernozemic 3 Snipe Lake g Semiarid 2 Eluviated Dark Plain Brown 4 2,200-2,300 Chernozemic (670-700) A2 1 Orthic Dark 2,027 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 38 Brown (5250) 2 Saskatchewan g Semiarid (Kh15-2a) Chernozemic Plain 2 Eluviated Dark 3 Souris River Plain Brown Eden Wold Hills Chernozemic 4 1,900-2,200 (580-670) A2 1 Orthic Dark 7,926 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 39 Brown (20527) 2 Saskatchewan g Semiarid (Kh15-2a) Chernozemic Plain 2 Eluviated Dark 3 Assiniboine Plain Brown 4 1,900-2,000 Chernozemic (580-610) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Gently to moderately Sandy aeolian Field crops D 9 1 Alberta rolling aeolian sand plain deposits (mixed grains) Saskatchewan 2 Soil survey

Undulating till plain Loamy, slightly to Field crops C, D 9 1 Saskatchewan moderately calcareous (wheat specialty) Alberta modified till 2 Soil survey

Very gently undulating Clayey, moderately Field crops C 8 1 Alberta to gently rolling glacial calcareous lacustrine (wheat specialty) 2 Soil survey lake plain deposits

Level to undulating glacial Clayey, moderately Field crops C 9, 10 1 Saskatchewan lake plain calcareous lacustrine (wheat specialty) 2 Soil survey deposits

Undulating shallow Loamy, moderately Field crops D 9 1 Saskatchewan glacial lake bed calcareous till (wheat & small 2 Soil survey & lacustrine deposits grains)

Undulating glacial till Loamy, moderately Field crops C 10, 11 1 Saskatchewan plain calcareous till (wheat specialty) 2 Soil survey

Very gently to gently Loamy, moderately Field crops C 10 1 Saskatchewan undulating till plain calcareous till (wheat specialty) 2 Soil survey & lacustrine deposits A : DOMINANTLY CHERNOZEMIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

A2 1 Orthic Dark 227 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 40 Brown (588) 2 Saskatchewan g Semiarid (Kh15-2a) Chernozemic Plain 2 Eluviated Dark 3 Assiniboine Plain Brown 4 1,850-2,000 Chernozemic (560-610) A2 1 Orthic Dark 646 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 41 Brown (1 673) 2 Alberta Plain moderately cold (Kh15-2b) Chernozemic 4 2,200-2,500 g Semiarid 2 Eluviated Dark (670-760) Brown Chernozemic A2 1 Orthic Dark 1,262 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 42 Brown (3268) 2 Alberta Plain moderately cold (Kh15-2b) Chernozemic 3 Missouri Coteau g Semiarid 2 Eluviated Dark 4 2,400-2,600 Brown (730-790) Chernozemic A2 1 Orthic Dark 1,514 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 43 Brown (3921) 2 Saskatchewan g Semiarid (Kh15-2b) Chernozemic Plain 2 Eluviated Dark 3 Allan Hills Upland Brown 4 2,000-2,200 Chernozemic (610-670) A2 1 Orthic Dark 373 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 44 Brown (966) 2 Alberta Plain g Semiarid (Kh15-2b) Chernozemic 3 Missouri Coteau 2 Eluviated Dark Anerby Plains Brown Beechy Hills Chernozemic 4 1,900-2,500 (570-760) A2 1 Orthic Dark 740 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 45 Brown (1 916) 2 Alberta Plain g Semiarid (Kh15-2b) Chernozemic 3 Milk River Ridge 3 Eluviated Dark 4 3,500-4,500 ' Brown (1070-1370) Chernozemic A2 1 Orthic Dark 1,578 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 46 Brown (4087) 2 Alberta Plain moderately cold (KL17-2b) Chernozemic 3 Neutral Hills g Semiarid 2 Eluviated Dark 4 2,400-2,900 Brown (730-880) Chernozemic A2 1 Orthic Dark 2,382 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 47 Brown (6169) 2 Alberta Plain g Semiarid (KL17-2b) Chernozemic 3 Hand Hills, 2 Eluviated Dark Wintering Hills Brown 4 3,300-3,500 Chernozemic (1000-1070) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Very gently to gently Loamy, moderately Field crops C10 1 Saskatchewan undulating till plain calcareous till (wheat specialty) 2 Soil survey

Gently to moderately Loamy, moderately Field crops D9 1 Saskatchewan rolling hummocky moraine calcareous till (mixed crops) 2 Soil survey and lake-modified till plain & modified till

Gently to moderately Loamy, moderately Field crops C9,10 1 Saskatchewan rolling hummocky moraine calcareous till (wheat specialty) D9,10 2 Soil survey & modified till Rough grazing & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs)

Rolling morainic Loamy, moderately Field crops C10 1 Saskatchewan & lake-modified calcareous till with (wheat specialty) 2 Soil survey ti!I plain local clayey lacustrine deposits

Moderately rolling Loamy, moderately Field crops C10 1 Saskatchewan morainic plain calcareous till (wheat specialty) 2 Soil survey

Rolling morainic plain Loamy, moderately Field crops C8 1 Alberta & eroded plateau calcareous till with (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey inclusions of tertiary Rough grazing gravels & bedrock & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs)

Undulating to moderately Loamy, moderately Field crops C9 1 Alberta rolling till plain calcareous till (mixed grains) D9 2 Soil survey & modified till

Rolling morainic plain Loamy, moderately Field crops C8 1 Alberta calcareous till (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey Rough grazing & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs) A : DOMINANTLY CHERNOZEMIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

A2 1 Orthic Dark 318 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool, 48 Brown (823) 2 Alberta Plain gh Semiarid ( KL17-2b) Chernozemic 3 Sweet Grass Hills to subarid 2 Eluviated Dark 4 3,200-4,000 Brown (970-1220) Chernozemic A2 1 Orthic Dark 1 .755 1 Interior Plains 4.2 Boreal, 49 Brown (4545) 2 Saskatchewan moderately cool (KL26-2a) Chernozemic Plain g Semiarid 2 Solonetzic Dark 3 Souris River Plain c Subaquic Brown 4 1,900-2,150 inclusions Chernozemic, (580-650) Brown Solonetz 3 Orthic Humic Gleysol A2 1 Orthic Dark 473 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 50 Brown (1225) 2 Saskatchewan g Semiarid (Kh8-2a) Chernozemic Plain 2 Saline Regosol 3 Assiniboine River & Quill Lake plains 4 1,750-1,900 (530-580) A2 1 Orthic Dark 1,110 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 51 Brown (2875) 2 Alberta Plain hg Subarid to (Kh8-2b) Chernozemic 3 Wood Mt. & semiarid 2 Orthic Brown Missouri Coteau Chernozemic, Uplands Orthic Regosol 4 2,150-3,000 (650-910) A2 1 Orthic Dark 1,460 1 Cordilleran 5.1-4 .1 52 Brown (3781) 2 Interior Plateau Mesic, mild to (Kh10-2ab) Chernozemic 3 Thompson Boreal, cool 2 Orthic Black Plateau hg Subarid to Chernozemic Okanagan semiarid 3 Orthic Dark Gray Highland Chernozemic Okanagan Valley 4 1,000-6,000 (300-1830) A2 1 Orthic Dark 2,663 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 53 Brown (6897) 2 Cypress Hills g Semiarid (Kh18-2ab) Chernozemic 4 3,000-3,750 c Subaquic 2 Orthic Humic (910-1140) inclusions Gleysol A2 1 Orthic Dark 493 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 54 Brown (1 277) 2 Alberta Plain g Semiarid (Kh12-2b) Chernozemic 3 Missouri Coteau c ~Subaquic 2 Orthic Humic Castus Hills inclusions Gleysol 4 2,150-2,850 (650-870) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Gently to moderately Loamy, moderately Rough grazing C9 1 Alberta rolling till plain calcareous till & rangeland (grasses, 2 Soil survey forbs. shrubs) Field crops

Undulating till plain Loamy, moderately Field crops C 11 1 Saskatchewan calcareous modified (wheat specialty) 2 Soil survey till

Level to undulating Loamy, saline till Field crops C10 1 Saskatchewan till plain & glaciofluvial Rough grazing & 2 Soil survey deposits rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs)

Rolling, glacial uplands Loamy, moderately Field crops C 10, 11 1 Saskatchewan with dissected plateaus, calcareous modified (wheat specialty) 2 Soil survey alluvial plains, colluvial till, modified bedrock, Rough grazing fans alluvium, & colluvium & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs)

Gently to strongly rolling Loamy, moderately Field crops C7 1 British Columbia till plain, valley train calcareous till (wheat specialty) 2 Soil survey terraces, & lake basins & fluviolacustrine Rough grazing deposits & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs)

Undulating to rolling Loamy loess, modified Field crops C9,10 1 Saskatchewan thinly glaciated upland till, & bedrock (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey & dissected plateau Rough grazing & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs) Moderately to strongly Loamy, moderately Field crops C10 1 Saskatchewan rolling morainic plain calcareous till (wheat specialty) 2 Soil survey Rough grazing & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs) A : DOMINANTLY CHERNOZEMIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

A2 1 Grumic Dark 2,544 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 55 Brown (6589) 2 Saskatchewan g Semiarid (Kh12-3a) Chernozemic Plain c Subaquic Orthic Dark 3 Regina & inclusions Brown Assiniboine Chernozemic River plains Rego Dark Brown 4 1,875-1,975 Chernozemic (570-600) 2 Orthic Humic Gleysol A2 1 Solonetzic Dark 305 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 56 Brown (790) 2 Saskatchewan g Semiarid (KL17-3a) Chernozemic Plain 2 Orthic Dark 3 Assiniboine River Brown Plain Chernozemic 4 1,800-2,000 (550-610) A2 1 Eluviated Dark 271 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 57 Brown (702) 2 Alberta Plain moderately cold (KL17-2a) Chernozemic 4 2,000-2,400 g Semiarid 2 Orthic Dark (610-730) Brown Chernozemic 3 Solonetzic Dark Brown Chernozemic A2 1 Solonetzic Dark 157 1 Interior Plains 4.2 Boreal, 58 Brown (407) 2 Saskatchewan moderately cool (KL17-2a) Chernozemic Plain g Semiarid 2 Orthic Dark 3 Assiniboine River Brown Plain Chernozemic 4 1,800-1,900 (550-580) A2 1 Eluviated Dark 296 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 59 Brown (767) 2 Alberta Plain hg Subarid to (KL17-2a) Chernozemic 3 Wood Mt. Upland semiarid Solonetzic Dark Rock Glen Brown Plateau Chernozemic 4 2,500-3,000 2 Orthic (760-910) Dark Brown Chernozemic A2 1 Orthic Dark 4,877 1 Interior Plains 4.1-4 .2 60 Brown (12631) 2 Alberta Plain Boreal, cool to (KL17-2a) Chernozemic 4 3,000-3,500 moderately cool 2 Eluviated Dark (910-1070) 9 Semiarid Brown Chernozemic Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Level to gently undulating Clayey, moderately Field crops C10 1 Saskatchewan lake plain calcareous lacustrine (wheat specialty) 2 Soil survey deposits

Undulating lake Clayey, moderately Field crops C, D 10 1 Saskatchewan & modified till plains calcareous modified (wheat specialty) 2 Soil survey till & lacustrine deposits

Level to gently undulating Loamy, moderately Field crops D 9 1 Alberta & rolling till plain calcareous till (mixed crops) 2 Soil survey Rough grazing & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs)

Undulating till plain Loamy, moderately Field crops C 11 1 Saskatchewan calcareous modified (wheat & mixed 2 Soil survey till grains)

Level to undulating, thinly Loamy, slight to Field crops C 10 1 Saskatchewan glaciated upland with moderately calcareous (wheat specialty) 2 Soil survey dissected plateau modified till Rough grazing & modified bedrock & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs)

Level to undulating till Loamy, moderately Field crops C 8 1 Alberta plain calcareous modified (wheat, mixed grains) 2 Soil survey till & glaciolacustrine Irrigation deposits A : DOMINANTLY CHERNOZEMIC SOILS -cont"d .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

A2 1 Orthic Dark 631 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 61 Brown (1 634) 2 Alberta Plain moderately cold (KL17-2a) Chernozemic 4 2,200-2,500) g Semiarid 2 Eluviated Dark (670-760) Brown Chernozemic Solodic Dark Brown Chernozemic A2 1 Orthic Dark 99 1 Cordilleran 4.1-5 .1 62 Brown (256) 2 Interior Plateau Boreal, cool to (Kh10-2ab) Chernozemic 3 Thompson Plateau Mesic, mild 2 Orthic Black Okanagan h Subarid Chernozemic Highland 3 Orthic Brown 4 1,000-4,000 Chernozemic (300-1220) A3 Black Chernozemic A3 1 Orthic Black 1,213 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 70 Chernozemic (3141) 2 Saskatchewan cold (Ch2-2a) 2 Solodic Black Plain f Subhumid Chernozemic 4 2,200-2,300 3 Orthic Humic (670-700) G leyso I A3 1 Orthic Black 182 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 71 Chernozemic (471) 2 Saskatchewan moderately cold (Ch2-1a) 3 Orthic Humic Plain f Subhumid G leysol 4 1,200-1,500 (370-460) A3 1 Orthic Black 3,738 1 Interior Plains 4i Boreal, cool 72 Chernozemic (9681) 2 Saskatchewan f Subhumid (Ch2-1a) 2 Rego Black Plain Chernozemic 4 1,500-1,700 3 Orthic Humic (460-520) G leysol A3 1 Orthic Black 271 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 73 Chernozemic (702) 2 Saskatchewan cold (Ch1-2a) Plain f Subhumid 4 1,700-1,900 (520-580) A3 1 Orthic Black 3,270 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 74 Chernozemic (8469) 2 Saskatchewan moderately cold (Ch1-2a) Plain f Subhumid 4 1,900-2,000 (580-610) A3 1 Orthic Black 577 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 75 Chernozemic (1494) 2 Saskatchewan moderately cold (Ch1-2a) Plain f Subhumid 3 Assiniboine River Plain 4 1,950-2,150 (590-650) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Level to undulating till Loamy, moderately Field crops C 9 1 Alberta plain calcareous modified (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey glacial till

Rolling till plain & valley Loamy, weakly Field crops (mixed) C 7 1 British Columbia train calcareous glacial till Rough grazing 2 Soil survey & fluvial deposits & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs)

Level to undulating glacial Sandy to loamy Field crops (mixed) D 8 1 Alberta lake plain glaciofluvial & till Rough grazing 2 Soil survey deposits & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs)

Level to undulating lake Sandy, glaciofluvial, Field crops C 12 1 Manitoba & sand plains & aeolian deposits (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey

Level to undulating glacial Sandy fluviolacustrine Field crops C 11, 12 1 Manitoba lake plain deposits (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey

Undulating till plain Loamy, moderately Field crops D 9 1 Saskatchewan calcareous till (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey

Undulating till & lake Loamy, moderately Field crops D 9, 10 1 Saskatchewan plains calcareous till (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey & lacustrine deposits

Undulating till plain Loamy, moderately Field crops C 11 1 Saskatchewan calcareous till (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey & modified till A : DOMINANTLY CHERNOZEMIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

A3 1 Orthic Black 513 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 76 Chernozemic (1 329) 2 Alberta Plain cold (Ch1-2b) 4 2,100-2,400 f Subhumid (640-730)

A3 1 Orthic Black 424 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 77 Chernozemic (1 098) 2 Saskatchewan moderately cold (Ch12-3a) Plain f Subhumid 3 Indian Head Plain 4 1,925-2,050 (590-620) A3 1 Orthic Black 296 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 78 Chernozemic (767) 2 Cypress Hills gf Semiarid to (Ch1-1 /2a) 4 4,000-4,700 subhumid (1 220-1 430)

A3 1 Orthic Black 577 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 79 Chernozemic (1494) 2 Alberta Plain f Subhumid (Ch1-2a) 4 3,750-4,100 (1 140-1 250) A3 1 Orthic Black 2,150 1 Cordilleran 4.1-3 .2 80 Chernozemic (5568) 2 Rocky Mt. Boreal cool to (Ch1-2b) Foothills Cryoboreal, 3 Continental moderately cold Ranges f Subhumid 4 4,100-5,000 (1 250-1 520) A3 1 Orthic Black 1,607 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 81 Chernozemic (4162) 2 Alberta Plain moderately cold (Ch7-2b) 2 Eluviated Black 4 2,700-2,900 f Subhumid Chernozemic (860-880)

A3 1 Orthic Black 1,109 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 82 Chernozemic (2872) 2 Alberta Plain cold (Ch7-2b) 2 Eluviated Black 4 1,900-2,200 f Subhumid Chernozemic (580-610) 3 Orthic Humic Gleysol A3 1 Orthic Black 612 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 83 Chernozemic (1 585) 2 Alberta Plain cold (Ch7-2b) 2 Eluviated Black 4 2,100-2,300 f Subhumid Chernozemic (640-700) 3 Orthic Humic Gleysol A3 1 Orthic Black 572 1 Cordilleran 3.2-4 .1 84 Chernozemic (1 481) 2 Interior Plateau Cryoboreal, (Ch8-2a) 2 Orthic Dark Fraser Basin moderately cold Brown 3 Fraser Valley to Boreal, cool Chernozemic 4 1,500-3,500 gf Semiarid to (460-1 070) subhumid Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Gently to moderately Loamy, moderately Field crops D 9 1 Saskatchewan rolling till plain calcareous till (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey Rough grazing & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs) Level to gently undulating Clayey, moderately Field crops C 11 1 Saskatchewan lake plain calcareous lacustrine (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey deposits

Undulating to gently Loamy, slightly to Rough grazing C 9 1 Saskatchewan rolling, thinly glaciated moderately calcareous & rangeland (grasses, Alberta upland & dissected till, loess, & modified forbs, shrubs) 2 Soil survey plateau bedrock Field crops (mixed grains) Undulating till plain Loamy, moderately Rough grazing C 8 1 Alberta calcareous glacial till & rangeland (grasses, 2 Soil survey forbs, shrubs)

Gently to moderately Loamy, moderately Rough grazing C 8 1 Alberta rolling till plain calcareous glacial till & rangeland (grasses, 2 Soil survey forbs, shrubs) Field crops

Gently to moderately Loamy, moderately Field crops C, D 8 1 Alberta rolling till plain calcareous glacial till (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey Rough grazing & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs) Rolling till plain Loamy, moderately Field crops D 9 1 Alberta calcareous glacial till (mixed grains) Saskatchewan Rough grazing 2 Soil survey & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs)

Gently to moderately Loamy, slight to Field crops D 9 1 Alberta rolling till plain moderately calcareous (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey glacial till Rough grazing & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs)

Undulating to rolling till Loamy, moderately Rough grazing C 6 1 British Columbia plain & outwash plain calcareous till & fluvial & rangeland (grasses, 2 Soil survey deposits forbs, shrubs) A : DOMINANTLY CHERNOZEMIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

A3 1 Orthic Black 695 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 85 Chernozemic (1 800) 2 Saskatchewan moderately cold (Ch9-2a) 2 Orthic Dark Plain f Subhumid Brown 3 Last Mt . Lake Chernozemic Plain 3 Low Humic 4 1,800-2,200 Eluviated Gleysol (550-670) A3 1 Orthic Black 662 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 86 Chernozemic (1 714) 2 Saskatchewan moderately cold (Ch10-2a) 2 Rego Black Plain f Subhumid Chernozemic 4 1,500-1,700 c Subaquic Orthic Humic (460-520) inclusions G leysol A3 1 Orthic Black 3,773 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 87 Chernozemic (9772) 2 Saskatchewan moderately cold (Ch10-2a) 2 Rego Black Plain f Subhumid Chernozemic 4 1,500-1,700 c Subaquic Orthic Humic (460-520) inclusions G leysol A3 1 Orthic Black 1,153 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 88 Chernozemic (2986) 2 Saskatchewan moderately cold (Ch10-2a) 2 Calcareous Black Plain f Subhumid Chernozemic 3 Moose Mt. c Subaquic 3 Orthic Humic Uplands inclusions Gleysol 4 2,000-2,400 (610-730) A3 1 Orthic Black 498 1 Interior Plains 4.1-4 .2 89 Chernozemic (1290) 2 Saskatchewan Boreal, cool to (Ch10-2a) 2 Rego Black Plain moderately cool Chernozemic 3 Souris River f Subhumid 3 Orthic Humic Plain Gleysol 4 1,700-1,900 (520-580) A3 1 Orthic Black 4,518 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 90 Chernozemic (11 701) 2 Saskatchewan f Subhumid (Ch10-2a) 2 Calcareous Black Plain Chernozemic 3 Souris & 3 Orthic Humic Pembina River Gleysol plains 4 1,500-1,700 (460-520) A3 1 Orthic Black 1,134 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 91 Chernozemic (2937) 2 Saskatchewan moderately cold (Ch10-2b) 2 Calcareous Black Plain f Subhumid Chernozemic 3 Moose Mt . c Subaquic 3 Orthic Humic Upland inclusions Gleysol 4 2,000-3,000 (610-910) hysical characteristics eference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating to gently Loamy, moderately Field crops C 10 1 Saskatchewan rolling till plain calcareous glacial till (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey

Undulating glacial lake Loamy, moderately Field crops D10 1 Saskatchewan plain calcareous lacustrine (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey deposits

Undulating till plain Loamy, moderately to Field crops C 11, 12 1 Manitoba strongly calcareous till (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey

Undulating till plain Loamy, moderately to Field crops C 11 1 Saskatchewan strongly calcareous (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey glacial till

Level to undulating Loamy, moderately to Field crops C 11 1 Saskatchewan modified till plain strongly calcareous (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey glacial till & fluvial deposits

Gently rolling till plain Loamy, moderately to Field crops C 11, 12 1 Manitoba strongly calcareous (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey glacial till

Gently to rolling till plain Loamy, moderately to Field crops C 10, 11 1 Saskatchewan strongly calcareous (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey glacial till A : DOMINANTLY CHERNOZEMIC SOILS-cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

A3 1 Orthic Black 1,651 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 92 Chernozemic (4276) 2 Saskatchewan moderately cold (Ch13-2a) 2 Low Humic Plain f Subhumid Eluviated 3 Quill Lake Plain c Subaquic Gleysol 4 1,900-2,000 inclusions (580-610) A3 . 1 Orthic Black 2,540 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 93 Chernozemic (6578) 2 Saskatchewan moderately cold (Ch13-2a) 2 Low Humic Plain f Subhumid Eluviated 3 Assiniboine River c Subaquic Gleysol Plain inclusions 4 1,900-2,100 (580-640) A3 1 Orthic Black 1,194 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 94 Chernozemic (3092) 2 Alberta Plain cold (Ch13-2b) 2 Low Humic 3 Thickwood 9 Subhumid Eluviated Hills Upland c Subaquic GleysoI 4 1,900-2,000 inclusions 3 Orthic Humic (580-610) Gleysol

A3 1 Orthic Black 1,686 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 95 Chernozemic (4366) 2 Saskatchewan moderately cold (Ch13-2b) 2 Low Humic Plain f Subhumid Eluviated 3 Touchwood c Subaquic G leysol Hills Upland inclusions 3 Orthic Humic 4 1,950-2,400 Gleysol (590-730) A3 1 Orthic Black 1,795 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 96 Chernozemic (4649) 2 Saskatchewan moderately cold (Ch13-2b) 2 Orthic Humic Plain f Subhumid Gleysol 3 Pheasant Hills c Subaquic 3 Orthic Regosol Uplands inclusions Qu'Appelle & Assiniboine valleys 4 1,500-2,000 (460-610) A3 1 Orthic Black 631 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 97 Chernozemic (1634) 2 Alberta Plain moderately cold (Ch2-3a) 3 Orthic Humic 3 Edmonton Laking fe Subhumid Gleysol Basin to humid 4 2,200-2,300 c Subaquic (670-700) inclusions A3 1 Orthic Black 740 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 98 Chernozemic (1916) 2 Manitoba Plain moderately cold (C12-3a) 3 Orthic Humic 3 Carrot River f Subhumid Gleysol Lowland c Subaquic 4 1,450-1,550 inclusions (440-470) Physical characteristics eference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating till & glacial Loamy, moderately Field crops D 10 1 Saskatchewan lake plain calcareous till (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey & modified till

Undulating till plain Loamy, moderately Field crops C 10, 11 1 Saskatchewan calcareous glacial till (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey

Gently rolling till plain Loamy, moderately Field crops D 9, 10 1 Saskatchewan calcareous modified (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey glacial till Rough grazing & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs)

Rolling morainic plain Loamy, moderately Field crops C 10, 11 1 Saskatchewan calcareous glacial till (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey Rough grazing & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs)

Rolling morainic plain Loamy, moderately Field crops C 11 1 Saskatchewan & glacial valley calcareous glacial till (mixed grains) Manitoba & alluvium Rough grazing 2 Soil survey & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs)

Level to undulating lake Clayey, moderately Field crops D 8 1 Alberta plain calcareous lacustrine (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey deposits and forage Urban cityof Edmonton

Level to undulating plain Clayey, moderately Field crops D10 1 Saskatchewan calcareous lacustrine (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey deposits A : DOMINANTLY CHERNOZEMIC SOILS-cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

A3 1 Orthic Black 340 1 Interior Plains 4.2 Boreal, 99 Chernozemic (880) 2 Alberta Plain moderately cool (C11-3a) 4 3,700-4,000 g Semiarid (1130-1220)

A3 1 Orthic Black 257 1 Cordilleran, 5.1-4 .2 102 Chernozemic (666) Southern Plateau Mesic, mild to (Ch12-2a) 2 Orthic Dark Gray and Mountain Boreal, Chernozemic Area moderately cool 2 Interior Plateau g Semiarid 3 Thompson Plateau Okanagan Valley 4 1,200-1,500 (370-460) A3 1 Orthic Black 513 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 103 Chernozemic (1329) 2 Alberta Plain cold (Ch12-2a) 2 Orthic Gray 3 Eagle Hills g Semiarid Luvisol 4 2,200-2,400 (670-730) A3 1 Orthic Black 458 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 104 Chernozemic (1 186) 2 Saskatchewan moderately cold (Ch4-2b) 2 Orthic Gray Plain f Subhumid Luvisol 3 Moose Mt. 4 2,500-2,750 (760-840) A3 1 Rego Black Stony 848 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 105 Chernozemic (2196) 2 Manitoba Plain moderately cold (E1-2a) 2 Orthic Humic 4 750-850 f Subhumid Gleysol (230-260) c Subaquic inclusions A3 1 Rego Black Stony 4,587 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 106 Chernozemic (11 880) 2 Manitoba Plain moderately cold (E1-2a) 2 Orthic Humic Saskatchewan f Subhumid Gleysol Plain c Subaquic 4 800-1,500 inclusions (240-460) A3 1 Rego Black 4,823 1 Interior Plains 3.2-4 .1 107 Chernozemic (12491) 2 Manitoba Plain Cryoboreal, (Ch11-3a) 2 Rego Humic 4 800-900 moderately cold Gleysol (240-270) to Boreal, cool f Subhumid c Subaquic inclusions A3 1 Rego Black 3,600 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 108 Chernozemic (9324) 2 Saskatchewan f Subhumid (Ch6-2a) 2 Calcareous Black Plain c Subaquic Chernozemic 3 Assiniboine River inclusions Orthic Humic Plain Gleysol 4 1,600-2,000 (490-610) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Level to undulating till Clayey, moderately Field crops C8 1 Alberta & lake plain calcareous modified till (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey & lacustrine deposits Rough grazing & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs) Level to undulating plain Loamy, moderately Field crops C7 1 British Columbia & valley calcareous till ; Rough 2 Exploratory lacustrine& fluvial grazing & rangeland outwash (grasses, forbs, shrubs) Orchards

Gently to moderately Loamy, moderately Field crops D9,10 1 Saskatchewan rolling till plain calcareous glacial till (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey Rough grazing & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs) Moderately to strongly Loamy, moderately Field crops C11 1 Saskatchewan rolling morainic plain calcareous glacial till (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey Woodland grazing Outdoor recreation Nonproductive forest woodland

Level to undulating Loamy, extremely Rough grazing C12 1 Manitoba till plain calcareous, stony & rangeland (grasses, 2 Soil survey glacial till overlying forbs, shrubs) limestone bedrock Field crops (mixed)

Level to undulating Loamy, extremely Rough grazing C 11, 12 1 Manitoba modified till plain calcareous, stony & rangeland (grasses, 2 Soil survey glacial till ; overlying forbs, shrubs) limestone bedrock Field crops & fluvial deposits (mixed)

Nearly level lake plain Clayey, moderately to Field crops (mixed) C12 1 Manitoba strongly calcareous Improved pasture 2 Soil survey lacustrine deposits & forage

Nearly level to undulating Loamy, strongly Field crops C11 1 Saskatchewan till plain calcareous glacial till (mixed) Manitoba 2 Soil survey A : DOMINANTLY CHERNOZEMIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

A3 1 Carbonated Rego 6,476 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 109 Black (16772) 2 Saskatchewan moderately cold (Cc2-2a) Chernozemic Plain f Subhumid 2 Orthic Black 4 1,500-1,700 c Subaquic Chernozemic (460-520) inclusions Orthic Humic Gleysol 3 Humic Eluviated Gleysol A3 1 Rego Black 754 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 110 Chernozemic (1953) 2 Manitoba Plain moderately cold (Cc3-2a) 2 Orthic Humic 3 Swan River Plain f Subhumid Gleysol 4 1,100-1,500 c Subaquic (330-460) inclusions A3 1 Carbonated Rego 222 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 111 Black (575) 2 Saskatchewan moderately cold (Cc3-2a) Chernozemic Plain f Subhumid 2 Orthic Humic 4 1,500-1,700 c Subaquic Gleysol (460-520) inclusions A3 1 Carbonated Rego 153 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 112 Black (396) 2 Manitoba Plain moderately cold (Cc3-2a) Chernozemic 4 900-1,100 f Subhumid 2 Orthic Humic (270-340) c Subaquic Gleysol inclusions A3 1 Orthic Black 616 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 113 Chernozemic (1 595) 2 Alberta Plain cold (Chi 0-2a) 2 Solonetzic Black 4 2,000-2,400 f Subhumid Chernozemic (610-730) 3 Low Humic Eluviated Gleysol Orthic Humic G Ieysol A3 1 Orthic Black 13,799 1 Interior Plains 3.1-3 .2 115 Chernozemic (35738) 2 Alberta Plain Cryoboreal, (CI-7-2a) 2 Eluviated Black 4 2,400-4,000 cold to Chernozemic (730-1220) moderately cold 3 Humic Eluviated fg Subhumid G leysol to humid A3 1 Orthic Black 276 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 116 Chernozemic (715) 2 Alberta Plain cold (CL10-2a) 2 Eluviated Black 4 2,100-2,300 f Subhumid Chernozemic (640-700) 3 Low Humic Eluviated Gleysol Orthic Humic Gleysol Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Nearly level to undulating Loamy, moderately Field crops (mixed) C 10, 11 1 Saskatchewan till & lake plain calcareous, modified Rough grazing 2 Soil survey glacial till & rangeland (grasses, & lacustrine deposits forbs, shrubs)

Nearly level to undulating Loamy, moderately Field crops (mixed) D 11 1 Manitoba till & glacial lake plain calcareous till, Rough grazing 2 Soil survey glaciofluvial & rangeland (grasses, & lacustrine deposits forbs, shrubs) Woodland grazing

Nearly level to undulating Loamy, moderately to Field crops (mixed) C 12 1 Manitoba till plain strongly calcareous Rough grazing 2 Soil survey till & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs) Woodland grazing Nearly level to undulating Loamy, moderately to Field crops (mixed) C 12 1 Manitoba till & lake plain strongly calcareous Rough grazing 2 Soil survey modified till & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs) Woodland grazing Undulating till plain Loamy, slightly to Field crops (mixed) D 9 1 Alberta moderately calcareous Rough grazing 2 Soil survey till & till modified & rangeland (grasses, by shale forbs, shrubs) Forest parkland

Undulating to gently Loamy, moderately Field crops (mixed) C 8 1 Alberta rolling till plain calcareous glacial till Rough grazing D 8, 9 2 Soil survey & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs) Forest parkland

Undulating to gently Loamy, moderately Field crops D 9 1 Alberta rolling till plain calcareous till (mixed grains, 2 Soil survey & lacustrine deposits forage) A : DOMINANTLY CHERNOZEMIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

A4 Dark Gray Chernozemic A4 1 Orthic Dark Gray 424 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 119 Chernozemic (1 098) 2 Manitoba Plain moderately cold (Mo8-3a) 4 900-1,100 f Subhumid (270-330) A4 1 Orthic Dark Gray 151 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 120 Chernozemic (391) 2 Saskatchewan moderately cold (Mo5-2a) 2 Dark Gray Luvisol Plain f Subhumid 3 Orthic Humic 3 Beaver Plain Gleysol 4 1,650-1,750 Orthic Black (500-530) Chernozemic A4 1 Orthic Dark Gray 231 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 121 Chernozemic (598) 2 Saskatchewan moderately cold (Mo6-2a) 2 Dark Gray Luvisol Plain f Subhumid 3 Orthic Humic 3 Beaver Plain Gleysol Makwa Plain 4 1,700-2,000 (520-610) A4 1 Orthic Dark Gray 157 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoborea, 122 Chernozemic (407) 2 Saskatchewan moderately cold (Mo6-2a) 2 Dark Gray Luvisol Plain f Subhumid 3 Orthic Humic 3 Beaver Plain G leysol Goodsoil Plain 4 1,750-2,000 (530-610) A4 1 Orthic Dark Gray 385 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 123 Chernozemic (997) 2 Saskatchewan moderately cold (Mo6-2a) 2 Dark Gray Luvisol Plain f Subhumid 3 Orthic Humic 3 Beaver, Gleysol Witchekan, & Chitek plains 4 1,700-2,000 (520-610) A4 1 Orthic Dark Gray 1,819 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 124 Chernozemic (4711) 2 Manitoba Plain moderately cold (Mo5-2a) 2 Dark Gray Luvisol Saskatchewan f Subhumid Calcareous Dark Plain Gray Chernozemic 3 Carrot River 3 Orthic Humic Lowlands Gleysol 4 1,500-1,700 (460-520) A4 1 Orthic Dark Gray 289 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 125 Chernozemic (748) 2 Saskatchewan moderately cold (Mo6-2a) 2 Dark Gray Luvisol Plain f Subhumid 3 Orthic Humic 3 Assiniboine Plain Gleysol 4 1,700-2,000 (520-610) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Nearly level to gently Clayey, moderately Field crops C 12 1 Manitoba undulating lake plain calcareous lacustrine (mixed grains, 2 Soil survey deposits forage)

Nearly level to undulating Loamy, moderately Field crops D 9 1 Saskatchewan till & lake plain calcareous modified (mixed grains 2 Soil survey till & lacustrine & forage) deposits

Nearly level to undulating Loamy, moderately Field crops D 9 1 Saskatchewan till & lake plain calcareous modified (mixed grains, 2 Soil survey till & lacustrine forage) deposits

Nearly level to undulating Loamy, moderately Field crops D 9 1 Saskatchewan lake & till plain calcareous alluvial (mixed grains, 2 Soil survey lacustrine deposits forage)

Nearly level to undulating Loamy, moderately Field crops D 10 1 Saskatchewan till & lake plain calcareous modified (mixed grains, 2 Soil survey till & lacustrine forage) deposits

Nearly level to undulating Loamy, moderately Field crops D10 1 Saskatchewan plain calcareous alluvial and (mixed grains, 2 Soil survey lacustrine deposits forage)

Nearly level to undulating Loamy, moderately Field crops C 11 1 Saskatchewan till plain calcareous glacial till (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey A : DOMINANTLY CHERNOZEMIC SOILS-cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

A4 1 Orthic Dark Gray 103 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 126 Chernozemic (268) 2 Saskatchewan moderately cold (Mo4-2b) 2 Dark Gray Luvisol Plain f Subhumid 3 Turtle Mt. 4 2,000-2,300 (610-700) A4 1 Orthic Dark Gray 532 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 127 Chernozemic (1378) 2 Manitoba Plain moderately cold (Mo6-3a) 2 Orthic Gray 4 800-950 fe Subhumid Luvisol (240-290) to humid 3 Orthic Humic Gleysol A4 1 Orthic Dark Gray 1,578 1 Interior Plains 3.1-3 .2 128 Chernozemic (4087) 2 Manitoba Plain Cryoboreal, (Mo6-3/2a) 2 Dark Gray Luvisol 3 Upper Red Deer cold to 3 Peaty Orthic Plain moderately cold Humic Gleysol 4 1,200-1,600 f Subhumid (370-490) A4 1 Orthic Dark Gray 2,727 1 Cordilleran 4.1-4.2 129 Chernozemic (7063) Interior System Boreal, cool to (Mo5-2b) 2 Orthic Gray 2 Interior Plateau moderately cool Luvisol 3 Thompson gf Semiarid 3 Orthic Humic Plateau to subhumid Gleysol 4 2,000-4,000 Orthic Black (610-1220) Chernozemic A4 1 Orthic Dark Gray 2,397 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 130 Chernozemic (6208) 2 Saskatchewan moderately cold (Mo3-2a) 2 Orthic Black Plain f Subhumid Chernozemic 3 Assiniboine & Rego Black Upper Swan Chernozemic River plains 3 Orthic Humic 4 1,500-1,700 Gleysol (460-520) A4 1 Orthic Dark Gray 2,120 1 Cordilleran 4.1 Boreal, cool 131 Chernozemic (5490) Interior System gf Semiarid (Mo9-2a) 2 Orthic Black 2 Interior Plateau to subhumid Chernozemic Fraser Basin Orthic Gray 4 2,000-3,000 Luvisol (610-910) A4 1 Orthic Dark Gray 445 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 132 Chernozemic (1 152) 2 Alberta Plateau cold (Mo2-3a) 2 Solodic Dark Gray Peace River f Subhumid Chernozemic Lowland 3 Orthic Humic 4 2,000-2,800 Gleysol (610-850) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Rolling morainic plain Loamy, strongly Field crops C 11, 12 1 Manitoba calcareous glacial till (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey

Nearly level to undulating Clayey, moderately Field crops C 12, 13 1 Manitoba lake plain calcareous lacustrine (mixed grains, 2 Soil survey deposits forage) Rough grazing & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs)

Undulating till & lake Clayey to loamy, Field crops D 11 1 Saskatchewan plain moderately calcareous (mixed grains, 2 Soil survey modified till forage) & alluvial lacustrine deposits

Rolling till & modified Loamy, moderately Rough grazing C 6, 7 1 British Columbia till plain calcareous glacial till & rangeland (grasses, 2 Soil survey & fluvial outwash forbs, shrubs) Exploratory

Undulating till & lake Loamy, moderately Field crops C, D 11 1 Saskatchewan plain calcareous alluvial (mixed grains, Manitoba lacustrine & modified forage) 2 Soil survey till deposits

Undulating to gently Loamy, slightly Rough grazing C, D 6 1 British Columbia rolling till & lake calcareous glacial till & rangeland (grasses, 2 Exploratory plain & fluvial deposits forbs, shrubs)

Nearly level to undulating Clayey, slightly Field crops E 6 1 British Columbia till & lacustrine plain calcareous till (mixed grains) 2 Exploratory & lacustrine deposits A : DOMINANTLY CHERNOZEMIC SOILS-concl'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

A4 1 Orthic Dark Gray 833 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 133 Chernozemic (2157) 2 Manitoba Plain moderately cold (Mo2-3/2a) 2 Solodic Dark Gray 4 1,100-1,400 f Subhumid Chernozemic (330-460) 3 Orthic Humic Gleysol A4 1 Orthic Dark Gray Stony 2,017 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 134 Chernozemic (5224) 2 Manitoba Plain moderately cold (Mo7-2a) 2 Orthic Humic 4 850-1,000 f Subhumid Gleysol (260-300) c Subaquic inclusions

A4 1 Orthic Dark Gray 4,739 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 135 Chernozemic (12274) 2 Manitoba Plain moderately cold (Mo7-2a) 2 Orthic Humic 4 875-1,000 f Subhumid Gleysol (270-300) c Subaquic inclusions

A4 1 Orthic Dark Gray 753 1 Interior Plains 3.2-4 .1 136 Chernozemic (1 950) 2 Saskatchewan Cryoboreal, (Mo4-2b) 2 Dark Gray Luvisol Plain moderately cold 3 Tiger Hills to Boreal, cool Pembina Mt . f Subhumid Upland 4 1,600-1,800 (490-550) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Nearly level to undulating Clayey & loamy Field crops D 10, 11 1 Saskatchewan lake plain lacustrine deposits (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey

Nearly level to undulating Loamy, extremely Field crops C 11, 12 1 Manitoba till plain calcareous, stony (mixed grains, D 11 2 Soil survey modified till deposits forage) Rough grazing & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs) Nearly level to undulating Loamy, extremely Field crops C12 1 Manitoba till plain calcareous, modified (mixed grains, D12 2 Soil survey till deposits forage) Rough grazing & rangeland (g rasses, forbs, shrubs) Rolling morainic plain Loamy, strongly to Field crops C 12 1 Manitoba extremely calcareous (mixed grains, 2 Soil survey glacial till forage)

u/lA. u!i iM ~hit'1~ ,A((`n~"~ r ..d/~~~~\lt.~t~iYv /~///t(((I~~fntvn j~~f""y'"

,~,,eirr~l/s~"E' / ( ~~A .~,-- B : DOMINANTLY SOLONETZIC SOILS

Map unit

Soil subgroups

131 Brown Solonetz 131 1 Brown Solonetz 4,232 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 1 2 Brown Solod (10960) 2 Alberta Plain h Subarid (Sm10-2a) 3 Solonetzic Brown 4 2,500-2,800 Chernozemic (760-850) B1 1 Brown Solonetz 552 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 2 2 Solonetzic Brown (1430) 2 Alberta Plain h Subarid (Sm10-2a) Chernozemic 3 Snipe Lake Plain 4 2,100-2,300 (640-700) B1 1 Brown Solonetz 290 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 3 2 Solonetzic Brown (751) 2 Alberta Plain h Subarid (Sm10-2a) Chernozemic 3 Saskatchewan River Plain 4 2,000-2,100 (610-640) B1 1 Brown Solonetz 286 1 Interior Plains 4.2 Boreal, 4 2 Solonetzic Brown (741) 2 Alberta Plain moderately cool (Sm10-2a) Chernozemic 3 Frenchman h Subarid River Plain 4 3,000-3,200 (910-970) 131 1 Brown Solonetz 764 1 Interior Plains 4.2 Boreal, 5 2 Solonetzic Brown (1979) 2 Alberta Plain moderately cool (Sm10-2a) Chernozemic 3 Frenchman h Subarid River Plain 4 3,000-3,200 (910-980) B1 1 Brown Solonetz 2,432 1 Interior Plains 4.1-4 .2 6 2 Solonetzic Dark (6299) 2 Saskatchewan Boreal, cool to (Sm10-2a) Brown Plain moderately cool Chernozemic 3 Souris River Plain g Semiarid 4 1,900-2,100 (580-640)

81 1 Brown Solonetz 419 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 7 2 Solonetzic Dark (1085) 2 Saskatchewan g Semiarid (Sm10-2a) Brown Plain Chernozemic 3 Saskatchewan River Plain 4 1,900-2,000 (580-610) 131 1 Brown Solonetz 2,560 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 8 2 Brown Solod (6630) 2 Alberta Plain moderately cold (Sm10-2a) 3 Solonetzic Dark 4 2,500-2,800 g Semiarid Brown (760-850) Chernozemic Orthic Gleysol

B : DOMINANTLY SOLONETZIC SOILS - concl'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

B2 Black Solonetz B2 1 Black Solonetz 2,687 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 10 2 Black Solod (6959) 2 Peace River cold (Sm7-2/3a) 3 Gray Solonetz Lowland f Subhumid Alberta Plateau 4 1,000-1,500 (300-460) B2 1 Black Solonetz 1,341 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 11 2 Black Solod (3471) 2 Peace River cold (Sm7-3a) 3 Orthic Humic Lowland f Subhumid Gleysol Alberta Plateau 4 1,800-2,400) (550-730)

B2 1 Black Solonetz 370 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 12 2 Black Solod (958) 2 Peace River cold (Sm7-3a) Lowland f Subhumid Alberta Plateau 4 1,800-2,400 (550-730)

B2 1 Black Solonetz 2,713 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 13 2 Black Solod (7026) 2 Alberta Plain moderately cold (Sm11-2a) Solonetzic Black 4 2,200-2,700) f Subhumid Chernozemic (670-820) 3 Orthic Gleysol

B2 1 Black Solonetz 385 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 14 3 Gray Solonetz (997) 2 Alberta Plain cold (Sm11-3a) Humic Eluviated 4 2,300-2,400 f Subhumid Gleysol (700-730)

B4 Solod B4 1 Black Solod 3,211 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 20 2 Dark Gray Luvisol (8316) 2 Peace River cold (Sm8-3a) 3 Orthic Humic Lowland f Subhumid G leysol 4 1,500-2,600 (460-790) B4 1 Black Solod 1,514 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 21 2 Dark Gray Luvisol (3921) 2 Peace River cold (Sm8-3a) 3 Orthic Humic Lowland f Subhumid Gleysol 4 1,500-2,500 (460-760) B4 1 Black Solod 4,276 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 22 2 Dark Gray Luvisol (11 074) 2 Peace River cold (Sm8-3a) Lowland f Subhumid 4 1,500-2,200 (460-670) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Nearly level to undulating Clayey to loamy, Field crops E 7, 8 1 Alberta till plain moderately calcareous (mixed grains) 2 Exploratory glacial till & fluvial deposits

Nearly level to gently Clayey, moderately Field crops D7 1 Alberta undulating lake plain calcareous lacustrine (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey deposits

Nearly level to gently Clayey, moderately Field crops D7 1 Alberta undulating plain calcareous glacial till (mixed grains) 2 Exploratory & lacustrine deposits

Undulating till plain Loamy, moderately Field crops (mixed) D8,9 1 Alberta calcareous glacial till Improved pasture 2 Soil survey & forage Rough grazing & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs) Undulating till & lake Clayey, moderately Field crops (mixed) D8 1 Alberta plain calcareous till Improved pasture 2 Soil survey & lacustrine deposits & forage Rough grazing & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs)

Nearly level to undulating Clayey, weakly to Field crops E6,7 1 Alberta lake plain moderately calcareous (mixed grains & small 2 Soil survey lacustrine deposits seed crops)

Nearly level to undulating Clayey, weakly to Field crops D 6,7 1 Alberta lake plain moderately calcareous (mixed grains & small 2 Soil survey lacustrine deposits seed crops)

Nearly level to undulating Clayey, weakly to Field crops D7,7 1 Alberta till & lake plain moderately calcareous (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey glacial till & lacustrine deposits C : DOMINANTLY LUVISOLIC SOILS

Map unit

Soil subgroups

C1 Gray Brown Luvisol C1 1 Brunisolic Gray 4,858 1 St. Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 1 Brown Luvisol (12582) Lowlands fe Subhumid (La1-1/2a) 3 Orthic Eutric 2 West St . Lawrence to humid Brunisol Lowland 4 300-900 (90-270) C1 1 Brunisolic Gray 4,133 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 2 Brown Luvisol (1 0704) Lowlands fe Subhumid (La31-1/2a) 3 Orthic Gleysol 2 West St . Lawrence to humid Lowland 4 600-1,000 (180-300) C1 1 Orthic Gray Stony 290 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 3 Brown Luvisol ( 751) Lowlands e Humid (La 1-1/2b) 3 Orthic Eutric 2 West St. Lawrence Brunisol Lowland 4 1,200-1,300 (370-400) C1 1 Brunisolic Gray Stony 413 1 St. Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 4 Brown Luvisol (1 070) Lowlands e Humid (La1-1/2b) 3 Orthic Eutric 2 West St. Lawrence Brunisol Lowland 4 1,000-1,400 (300-430) C1 1 Brunisolic Gray Stony 325 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 5 Brown Luvisol (842) Lowlands e Humid (La31-1a) 3 Orthic Humic 2 West St . Lawrence Gleysol Lowland 4 600-1,000 (180-300) C1 1 Brunisolic Gray Stony 99 1 St. Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 7 Brown Luvisol (256) Lowlands e Humid (La 1-2a) 3 Orthic Eutric 2 West St . Lawrence Brunisol Lowland 4 800-1,000 (240-300) C1 1 Brunisolic Gray 2,200 1 St . Lawrence 4.2-5 .1 8 Brown Luvisol (5698) Lowlands Boreal, (La1-2a) 3 Orthic Eutric 2 West St . Lawrence moderately cool Brunisol Lowland to Mesic, mild 4 900-1,700 e Humid (270-520) C1 1 Brunisolic Gray 443 1 St. Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 9 Brown Luvisol (1 147) Lowlands e Humid (La1-2a) 3 Orthic Eutric 2 West St . Lawrence Brunisol Lowland 4 800-1,400 (240-430)

C : DOMINANTLY LUVISOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

C1 1 Orthic Gray 271 1 St. Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 10 Brown Luvisol (702) Lowlands e Humid (La1-3a) 3 Orthic Eutric 2 West St . Lawrence Brunisol Lowland 3 Beaver Valley 4 600-800 (180-240) C1 1 Orthic Gray 73 1 St. Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 11 Luvisol (189) Lowlands e Humid (La1-3a) 3 Orthic Eutric 2 West St. Lawrence Brunisol Lowland 4 600-800 (180-240) C1 1 Orthic Gray 714 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 12 Brown Luvisol (1 849) Lowlands f Subhumid (La1-3a) 3 Orthic Eutric 2 West St .Lawrence Brunisol Lowland 4 300-1 100 (90-340) C1 1 Orthic Gray 655 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 13 Brown Luvisol (1 696) Lowlands f Subhumid (La1-3a) 3 OrthicEutric 2 West St .Lawrence Brunisol Lowland 600-800 (180-240) C1 1 Orthic Gray 2,644 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 14 Brown Luvisol (6848) Lowlands e Humid (La 1-3a) 3 Orthic Eutric 2 West St . Lawrence Brunisol Lowland 4 600-1 200 (180-370) C1 1 Orthic Gray 296 1 St. Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 15 Brown Luvisol (767) Lowlands f Subhumid (La1-3a) 3 Orthic Eutric 2 West St . Lawrence Brunisol Lowland 4 800-1,000 (240-310) C1 1 Brunisolic Gray 49 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 16 Brown Luvisol (127) Lowlands e Humid (La10-2a) 2 Gleyed Gray 2 Central Brown Luvisol St . Lawrence Lowland 4 100-200 (30-60) C1 1 Orthic Gray 439 1 St. Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 17 Brown Luvisol (1 137) Lowlands e Humid (La10-3a) 2 Orthic Humic 2 West St. Lawrence c Subaquic Gleysol Lowland inclusions 4 300-400 (90-120)

C : DOMINANTLY LUVISOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

C1 1 Brunisolic Gray 103 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 18 Brown Luvisol (268) Lowlands e Humid (La1-1b) 3 Orthic Eutric 2 West St . Lawrence Brunisol Lowland 4 500-1,000 (130-310) C1 1 Brunisolic Gray 64 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 19 Brown Luvisol (166) Lowlands e Humid (La 1-1b) 3 Orthic Eutric 2 West St . Lawrence Brunisol Lowland 4 500-1,000 (150-310) C2 Gray Luvisol C2 1 Orthic Gray 1,016 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 20 Luvisol (2631) 2 Saskatchewan f Subhumid (La2-2b) 2 Dark Gray Luvisol Plain 3 Orthic Gleysol 3 Birch Hills 4 1,800-1,900 (550-580) C2 1 Orthic Gray 365 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 21 Luvisol (945) 2 Saskatchewan moderately cold (La32-2b) 2 Dark Gray Luvisol Plain f Subhumid 3 Low Humic 3 Beaver Hills Eluviated Gleysol 4 2,000-2,400 (610-730) C2 1 Orthic Gray 103 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 22 Luvisol (268) 2 Saskatchewan moderately cold (La 32-2b) 2 Dark Gray Luvisol Plain f Subhumid 3 Low Humic 3 Touchwood Hills Eluviated Gleysol 4 2,000-2,300 (601-700) C2 1 Dark Gray Luvisol 266 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 23 2 Orthic Gray (689) 2 Manitoba Plain moderately cold (La2-1a) Luvisol 3 Carrot River f Subhumid 3 Orthic Gleysol Lowland 4 1,300-1,500 (400-460) C2 1 Dark Gray Luvisol 1,198 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 24 2 Orthic Gray (3103) 2 Peace River cold (La2-1/2a) Luvisol Lowland f Subhumid 3 Orthic Gleysol 4 800-1,400 (240-430) C2 1 Orthic Gray 863 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 25 Luvisol (2235) 2 Alberta Plateau cold (La2-2a) 3 Fibrisol Great Slave Plain fe Subhumid 4 1,000-2,000 to humid (310-610) Physical characteristics - Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Rolling interlobate moraine Sandy, strongly Improved pasture B 17 1 Ontario calcareous outwash & forage 2 Soil survey Field crops (mixed) Outdoor recreation

Undulating glacial lake Clayey, strongly Field crops D10 1 Saskatchewan plain calcareous lacustrine (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey deposits

Rolling morainic glacial Loamy, moderately Field crops C 11 1 Saskatchewan till plain calcareous till (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey

Rolling morainic glacial Loamy, moderately Field crops C 10 1 Saskatchewan till plain calcareous till (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey

Undulating lacustrine Sandy, moderately Field crops D 10 1 Saskatchewan lake plain calcareous lacustrine (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey deposits

Undulating lacustrine Sandy, strongly Field crops E 7, 8 1 Alberta lake plain calcareous lacustrine (mixed grains) 2 Exploratory deposits Soil survey

Undulating to gently Loamy, slightly Productive mixed E 8, 9 1 Alberta rolling glacial till plain calcareous glacial till upland forest 2 Exploratory & productive coniferous lowland forest C : DOMINANTLY LUVISOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

C2 1 Orthic Gray 10,362 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 26 Luvisol (26836) 2 Alberta Plateau cold (La2-2a) 3 Fibrisol 3 Little Smokey e Humid River Valley 4 2,000-3,000 (610-910) C2 1 Orthic Gray 6,238 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 27 Luvisol (16156) 2 Alberta Plateau cold (La2-2a) 3 Fibrisol 3 Rocky Mt. House e Humid 4 3,000-3,500 (910-1 070)

C2 1 Orthic Gray 3,397 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 28 Luvisol (8798) 2 Alberta Plain cold (La2-2a) 2 Dark Gray Luvisol 3 Upper Beaver River fe Subhumid 3 Fibrisol Lac La Biche to humid 4 1,750-2,000 (530-610) C2 1 Orthic Gray 1,400 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 29 Luvisol (3626) 2 Alberta Plain cold (La2-2a) 2 Dark Gray Luvisol 3 Thickwood Hills fe Subhumid 3 Fibrisol 4 2,000-2,500 to humid (610-760) C2 1 Dark Gray Luvisol 212 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 30 3 Fibrisol (549) 2 Saskatchewan cold (La2-2a) Plain e Humid 4 1,700-1,900 (520-580)

C2 1 Orthic Gray 695 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 31 Luvisol (1 800) 2 Saskatchewan cold (La2-2a) 2 Dark Gray Luvisol Plain f Subhumid 3 Orthic Gleysol 3 Porcupine Hills Upland 4 1,700-1,800 (520-550) C2 1 Orthic Gray 769 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 32 Luvisol (1 992) 2 Alberta Plateau cold (La2-2b) 3 Fibrisol 3 Birch River e Humid Escarpment 4 2,600-2,800 (790-850) C2 1 Orthic Gray 296 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 33 Luvisol (767) 2 Alberta Plateau cold (La2-2b) 2 Fibrisol 3 Front Mt. e Humid 4 2,000-2,600 (610-790) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating to gently Loamy, slightly Field crops & forage D7,8 1 Alberta rolling glacial till plain calcareous till Productive mixed 2 Soil survey & lake-modified till upland forest, & nonproductive coniferous lowland forest Undulating to gently Loamy, slightly Productive mixed C, D 8 1 Alberta rolling glacial till plain calcareous glacial till upland forest, 2 Soil survey nonproductive coniferous lowland forest Outdoor recreation Field crops (mixed) Undulating to gently Loamy, moderately Field crops D9 1 Alberta rolling glacial till plain calcareous glacial till (mixed grains 2 Soil survey & forage)

Undulating to gently Loamy, weakly Field crops D 9, 10 1 Saskatchewan rolling glacial till plain to moderately (mixed grains, forage) 2 Soil survey calcareous glacial till

Undulating glacial till Loamy, moderately Field crops D 10 1 Saskatchewan plain calcareous glacial till (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey Improved pasture, & forage Productive mixed upland forest, nonproductive coniferous lowland forest Undulating glacial till Loamy, moderately Field crops D 10, 11 1 Saskatchewan plain calcareous glacial till (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey and glaciofluvial Improved pasture deposits & forage

Rolling glacial till plain Loamy, slightly Productive mixed E 8, 9 1 Alberta calcareous glacial till upland forest, 2 Exploratory nonproductive coniferous lowland forest

Rolling glacial till plain Loamy, slightly Productive mixed E8 1 Alberta to moderately upland forest, 2 Exploratory calcareous glacial till nonproductive coniferous lowland forest Outdoor recreation C : DOMINANTLY LUVISOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

1 Dominant Physiography > 40%a area 2 Subdominant 1 Region > 20% area rea 2 Division oil climate ymbol 3 Significant 3 Local subdivision Canadian inclusions sq mi 4 Range of Temperature class (FAO/UNESCO) 10-20% ase (km z) elevation, ft (m) Moisture subclass

C2 1 Orthic Gray 2,244 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 34 Luvisol (5812) 2 Alberta Plateau cold (La2-2b) 3 Fibrisol 3 Swan Hills e Humid 4 3,000-4,100 (910-1 250)

C2 1 Orthic Gray 927 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 35 Luvisol (2401) 2 Alberta Plateau cold (La2-2b) 3 Fibrisol 4 2,600-3,500 e Humid (730-1 070)

C2 1 Orthic Gray 365 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 36 Luvisol (945) 2 Alberta Plain cold (La1-2b) 3 Dark Gray Luvisol 3 Cooking Lake f Subhumid Fibrisol Moraine 4 2,250-2,500 (690-760)

C2 1 Orthic Gray 187 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 37 Luvisol (484) 2 Alberta Plain cold (La32-2b) 3 Fibrisol, Low 4 2,200-2,500 fe Subhumid Humic Eluviated (670-760) to humid Gleysol

C2 1 Orthic Gray 552 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 38 Luvisol (1430) 2 Alberta Plain cold (La32-2b) 2 Dark Gray Luvisol 3 Thickwood Hills fe Subhumid 3 Fibrisol, Orthic 4 1,800-2,300 to humid Gleysol (550-700) C2 1 Orthic Gray 3,650 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 39 Luvisol (9453) 2 Saskatchewan cold (La2-2b) 3 Dark Gray Luvisol Plain e Humid Orthic Humic 3 Porcupine Hills Gleysol Manitoba Escarpment 4 2,000-2,500 (610-760) C2 1 Orthic Gray 1,952 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 40 Luvisol (5055) 2 Saskatchewan cold (La2-2/3b) 3 Orthic Humic Plain e Humid G leysol 3 Duck Mt ., Fibrisol Manitoba Escarpment 4 2,000-2,500 (610-760) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Rolling morainic glacial Loamy, slightly Productive mixed D 7, 8 1 Alberta till plain calcareous glacial till upland forest, 2 Soil survey nonproductive coniferous lowland forest Outdoor recreation Rolling morainic glacial Loamy, slightly Productive mixed D 7, 8 1 Alberta till plain calcareous glacial till upland forest, 2 Exploratory nonproductive Soil survey coniferous lowland forest Outdoor recreation Rolling morainic glacial Loamy, slightly Rough grazing D 8 1 Alberta till plain calcareous glacial till & rangeland (grasses, 2 Soil survey forbs, shrubs) . Improved pasture & forage . Field crops (mixed) Outdoor recreation Rolling morainic glacial Loamy, slightly Rough grazing D 9 1 Alberta till plain calcareous glacial till & rangeland (grasses, 2 Exploratory forbs, shrubs) Improved pasture & forage Field crops (mixed grains) Rolling morainic glacial Loamy, slightly Field crops D10 1 Saskatchewan till plain calcareous glacial till (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey Woodland grazing Mixed productive forest Rolling morainic glacial Loamy, moderately Productive mixed D 11 1 Saskatchewan till plain to strongly forest Manitoba calcareous glacial till Field crops 2 Soil survey (mixed grains)

Rolling morainic glacial Loamy to clayey, Productive mixed C 11 1 Manitoba till plain moderately to strongly forest Saskatchewan calcareous glacial till Outdoor 2 Soil survey recreation C : DOMINANTLY LUVISOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

C2 1 Orthic Gray 1,933 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 41 Luvisol (5006) 2 Saskatchewan moderately cold (La2-2b) 3 Orthic Humic Plain e Humid Gleysol 3 Manitoba Fibrisol Escarpment Riding Mt. 4 2,000-2,200 (610-670)

C2 1 Orthic Gray 902 1 James 3.2 Cryoboreal, 42 Luvisol (2336) 2 Severn Upland moderately cold (La1-3a) 3 Orthic Eutric 4 1,000-1,100 d Perhumid Brunisol (310-340) C2 1 Orthic Gray 355 1 James 4.1 Boreal, cool 43 Luvisol (919) 2 Abitibi Upland e Humid (La1-3a) 3 Orthic Eutric 4 1,000-4,000 Brunisol (310-1 220) C2 1 Orthic Gray 627 1 James 4.1 Boreal, cool 44 Luvisol (1 624) 2 Abitibi Upland e Humid (La1-3a) 4 1,100-1,200 (340-370)

C2 1 Orthic Gray 4,754 1 James 3.1-3 .2 45 Luvisol (12312) 2 Severn Upland Cryoboreal, (La1-3a) 3 Orthic Gleysol 3 Dryden Plain cold to 4 1,200-1,300 moderately cold (370-400) e Humid C2 1 Orthic Gray 147 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 46 Luvisol (380) Lowlands e Humid (La 1-3a) 3 Orthic Eutric 2 Central Brunisol St . Lawrence Lowland 3 Ottawa Valley 4 400-700 (120-210) C2 1 Orthic Gray 305 1 James 4.2 Boreal, 47 Luvisol (790) 2 Severn Upland moderately cool (La1-3a) 3 Orthic Eutric 3 Port Arthur Hills fe Subhumid Brunisol 4 1,100-1,500 to humid (340-460)

C2 1 Orthic Gray 365 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 48 Luvisol (945) Lowlands e Humid (La1-3a) 2 Central St . Lawrence Lowland 4 400-600 (120-180) C2 1 Orthic Gray 1,183 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal 49 Luvisol (3064) 2 Alberta Plain cold (La18-3a) 2 Dark Gray 4 2,100-2,300 fe Subhumid Chernozemic (640-700) to humid 3 Orthic Humic Gleysol Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Rolling morainic glacial Loamy, moderately Productive mixed C 11, 12 1 Manitoba till to strongly calcareous forest 2 Soil survey glacial till Outdoor recreation Field crops (mixed grains, forage)

Undulating glacial lake Clayey, strongly Productive C 15 1 Ontario plain calcareous lacustrine coniferous forest 2 Soil survey deposits Outdoor recreation

Undulating glacial lake Clayey, strongly Productive mixed C 15 1 Ontario plain calcareous lacustrine forest 2 Soil survey deposits Outdoor recreation Exploratory

Undulating glacial lake Clayey, strongly Productive mixed C 15 1 Ontario plain calcareous lacustrine & coniferous forests 2 Soil survey deposits Exploratory

Undulating glacial lake Clayey, strongly Productive mixed C 13 1 Ontario plain calcareous lacustrine forest 2 Exploratory deposits Field crops (mixed grains, forage) Undulating glacial lake Clayey, strongly Field crops, forage B 17 1 Ontario plain calcareous lacustrine 2 Soil survey deposits

Undulating glacial lake Clayey with some Improved pasture C 14 1 Ontario plain sands, moderately & forage 2 Soil survey calcareous lacustrine Horticulture deposits (vegetables) Productive mixed forest Undulating glacial lake Clayey, moderately Improved pasture B 17 1 Ontario plain calcareous lacustrine & forage 2 Soil survey deposits Field crops (mixed grains)

Undulating glacial lake Clayey, moderately Improved pasture D 8 1 Alberta plain calcareous lacustrine & forage 2 Soil survey deposits Field crops (mixed grains) C : DOMINANTLY LUVISOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

C2 1 Dark Gray Luvisol 443 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 50 2 Dark Gray (1 147) 2 Manitoba Plain moderately cold (La18-3a) Chernozemic 3 Carrot River f Subhumid 3 Fibrisol Lowland, Red Earth Plain 4 1,200-1,500 (370-460) C2 1 Orthic Gray 3,097 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 51 Luvisol (8021) 2 Alberta Plateau cold (La24-2a) 2 Low Humic 3 Saddle Hills fe Subhumid Eluviated Gleysol 4 2,500-3,500 to humid 2 Gleyed Gray (760-1 070) b Aquic Luvisol inclusions 3 Fibrisol C2 1 Orthic Gray 1,647 1 Cordilleran, 3.2 Cryoboreal, 52 Luvisol (4,265) Interior System moderately cold (La24-2a) 2 Low Humic 2 Southern Rocky fe Subhumid Eluviated Gleysol Mt . Trench to humid 3 Fibrisol 3 Upper Fraser b Aquic Section inclusions 4 2,000-2,400 (610-730) C2 1 Orthic Gray 1,198 1 Cordilleran, 3.1 Cryoboreal, 53 Luvisol (3103) Interior System cold (La24-3a) 2 Low Humic 2 Fraser Basin fe Subhumid Eluviated Gleysol 3 Nechako Plain to humid 4 2,200-2,400 b Aquic (670-730) inclusions C2 1 Orthic Gray 2,713 1 Cordilleran, 3.2 Cryoboreal, 54 Luvisol (7026) Interior System moderately cold (La24-3a) 2 Low Humic 2 Fraser Basin fe Subhumid Eluviated Gleysol 3 Nechako Plain to humid Gleyed Gray 4 2,000-3,200 b Aquic Luvisol (610-980) inclusions 3 Orthic Dystric Brunisol Fibrisol C2 1 Orthic Gray 212 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 55 Luvisol (549) 2 Manitoba Plain moderately cold (La2b-1a) 2 Orthic Regosol 3 Lacoine Plain f Subhumid 3 Orthic Dystric 4 1,450-1,600 Brunisol (440-490) Orthic Humic G leysol C2 1 Orthic Gray 1,406 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 56 Luvisol (3641) 2 Peace River cold (La6-2a) 2 Orthic Eutric Lowland f Subhumid Brunisol 4 2,500-2,600 (760-790) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating glacial lake Clayey, moderately Productive D 11 1 Saskatchewan plain calcareous lacustrine mixed forest 2 Soil survey & modified glacial Field crops till deposits

Gently rolling to Loamy, slightly Productive D 6,7 1 Alberta undulating glacial till calcareous glacial till mixed upland forest British Columbia & lake-modified till plain & lacustrine deposits nonproductive 2 Soil survey with minor outwash coniferous lowland forest Field crops (mixed grains) Undulating to steeply Loamy, slightly Productive D6,7 1 British Columbia rolling glacial till calcareous glacial till coniferous forest 2 Exploratory & glaciofluvial plain & glaciofluvial Field crops deposits and forage

Undulating glacial lake Clayey, slightly Field crops D 5,6 1 British Columbia plain calcareous lacustrine Improved pasture 2 Soil survey deposits & forage Productive coniferous forest

Nearly level to undulating Clayey, slightly Improved pasture D6 1 British Columbia glacial lake plain calcareous lacustrine & forage 2 Soil survey glaciofluvial deposits Rough grazing & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs) Productive mixed & coniferous forests

Undulating delta lake Sandy, slightly Productive D10 1 Saskatchewan plain calcareous mixed forest 2 Soil survey glaciofluvial deposits

Undulating to gently Loamy, moderately Field crops D,E6 1 British Columbia rolling lake-modified calcareous lacustrine (grains) 2 Exploratory glacial till plain deposits Improved pasture & forage C : DOMINANTLY LUVISOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

C2 1 Orthic Gray 5,208 1 Cordilleran 3.1 Cryoboreal, 57 Luvisol (13488) 2 Northern Rocky cold (La6-2b) 2 Orthic Eutric Mt . Trench e Humid Brunisol 3 Parsnip Valley 4 2,200-4,000 (670-1 220) C2 1 Orthic Gray 7,373 1 Cordilleran, 3.1 Cryoboreal, 58 Luvisol (19095) Interior Plains cold ( La 6-2b) 2 Orthic Eutric 2 Rocky Mt . e Humid Brunisol Foothills 3 Fibrisol Alberta Plain 4 2,400-4,500 (730-1370) C2 1 Orthic Gray 231 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 59 Luvisol (598) 2 Peace River cold (La6-2b) 2 Orthic Eutric Lowland f Subhumid Brunisol 3 Moberly Hills 4 2,500-3,500 (760-1 070) C2 1 Orthic Gray Stony 5,987 1 Cordilleran 3.1 Cryoboreal, 60 Luvisol (15506) 2 Interior Plateau cold (La19-2b) 2 Orthic Dystric 3 Nechako Plateau ef Humid to Brunisol 4 2,400-4,000 subhumid (730-1 220) C2 1 Orthic Gray 13,104 1 Cordilleran, 3.1 Cryoboreal, 61 Luvisol (33938) Eastern System cold (La6-2n) 2 Orthic Eutric 2 Rocky Mt . e Humid Brunisol Foothills 4 3,500-4,500 (1 070-1 370) C2 1 Orthic Gray 463 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 62 Luvisol (1 199) 2 Alberta Plateau cold (La3-2a) 2 Fibrisol 4 2,500-2,800 e Humid (760-850) b Aquic inclusions

C2 1 Orthic Gray 783 1 Interior Plains 2-3.1 63 Luvisol (2028) 2 Alberta Plain Subarctic, (La5-2 ) 2 Cryic Fibrisol 3 Great Slave Plain very cold to Caribou Mt . Cryoboreal, cold 4 1,000-1,200 fe Subhumid (300-370) to humid c Subaquic inclusions C2 1 Orthic Gray 3,082 1 Interior Plains 2-3.1 64 Luvisol (7982) 2 Alberta Plateau Subarctic, (La3-2a) 2 Fibrisol 3 Birch Mt . very cold to 4 2,200-2,600 Cryoboreal, cold (670-790) e Humid c Subaquic inclusions

C : DOMINANTLY LUVISOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

C2 1 Orthic Gray 5,074 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 65 Luvisol (13141) 2 Alberta Plateau cold (La3-2a) 2 Fibrisol 3 Clear Hills fe Subhumid 4 2,000-3,000 to humid (610-910) b Aquic inclusions

C2 1 Orthic Gray 7,299 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 66 Luvisol (18904) 2 Alberta Plateau cold (La3-2a 2 Fibrisol 4 1,800-2,000 e Humid (550-610) C2 1 Orthic Gray 1,790 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 67 Luvisol (4636) 2 Alberta Plateau cold (La5-2ba) 2 Fibrisol 3 Milligan Hills e Humid 4 3,300-3,500 b Aquic (1 000-1 070) inclusions C2 1 Orthic Gray 6,634 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryuboreal, 68 Luvisol (17181) 2 Alberta Plain cold (La3-2a) 2 Fibrisol 4 1,800-2,500 fe Subhumid (550-760) to humid 9 Aquic inclusions C2 1 Orthic Gray 1,281 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 69 Luvisol (3318) 2 Alberta Plain cold (La3-2a) 2 Fibrisol 4 2,100-2,300 fe Subhumid (640-700) to humid b Aquic inclusions C2 1 Orthic Gray 296 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 70 Luvisol (767) 2 Alberta Plain cold (La3-2a) 2 Fibrisol 4 1,800-2,000 fe Subhumid (550-610) to humid b Aquic inclusions C2 1 Orthic Gray 523 1 Interior Plains 3.1-3 .2 71 Luvisol (1 354) 2 Saskatchewan Cryoboreal, (La3-2a) 2 Fibrisol Plain cold to 4 1,600-1,750 moderately cold (490-530) e Humid b Aquic inclusions C2 1 Orthic Gray 6,086 1 Interior Plains 3.1-3 .2 72 Luvisol (15762) 2 Manitoba Plain Cryoboreal, (La3-2/3a) 2 Fibrisol 4 800-900 cold to 3 Orthic Eutric (240-270) moderately cold Brunisol fe Subhumid to humid b Aquic inclusions

C : DOMINANTLY LUVISOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

C2 1 Orthic Gray Stony 763 1 Interior Plains 3.1-3 .2 73 Luvisol (1 976) 2 Manitoba Plain Cryoboreal, (La3-2a) 2 Fibrisol 3 White Fox Plain cold to 4 1,200-1,300 moderately cold (370-400) fe Subhumid to humid b Aquic inclusions C2 1 Orthic Gray 1,618 1 Interior Plains 3.1-3 .2 74 Luvisol (4190) 2 Manitoba Plain Cryoboreal, (La3-2a) 2 Fibrisol 4 750-950 cold to (230-290) moderately cold fe Subhumid to humid b Aquic inclusions C2 1 Orthic Gray 5,711 1 Interior Plains 3.1-3 .2 75 Luvisol (14791) 2 Manitoba Plain Cryoboreal, (La3-2a) 2 Fibrisol 4 750-950 cold to (230-290) moderately cold fe Subhumid to humid b Aquic inclusions C2 1 Orthic Gray 517 1 Interior Plains 3 .1 Cryoboreal, 76 Luvisol (1339) 2 Alberta Plateau cold (La3-2b) 2 Fibrisol 3 Naylor and Hawk e Humid 3 Orthic Gleysol hills b Aquic 4 2,500-3,500 inclusions (760-1 070) C2 1 Orthic Gray 1,015 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 77 Luvisol (2629) 2 Alberta Plateau cold (La3-2b) 2 Fibrisol 3 Birch Hills e Humid 3 Orthic Gleysol 4 2,500-2,800 b Aquic (760-850) inclusions C2 1 Orthic Gray 201 1 Interor Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 78 Luvisol (520) 2 Alberta Plateau cold (La3-2b) 2 Fibrisol 3 Birch Hills Chain e Humid 4 2,100-2,800 b Aquic (640-850) inclusions C2 1 Orthic Gray 725 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 79 Luvisol (1 878) 2 Alberta Plateau cold (La3-2b) 2 Fibrisol 3 Clear Hills e Humid 3 Orthic Gleysol 4 2,500-3,500 b Aquic (670-1 070) inclusions C2 1 Orthic Gray 513 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 80 Luvisol (1 329) 2 Alberta Plateau cold (La3-2b) 2 Fibrisol 3 Clear Hills e Humid 3 Orthic Gleysol 4 2,500-3,500 b Aquic (670-1 070) inclusions

C : DOMINANTLY LUVISOLIC SOILS - cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

C2 1 Orthic Gray 424 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 81 Luvisol (1 098) 2 Alberta Plateau cold (La3-2b) 2 Fibrisol 3 Martin and e Humid 3 Orthic Gleysol Pelican mts. b Aquic 4 2,500-3,500 inclusions (670-1 070) C2 1 Orthic Gray 5,217 1 Interior Plains 3 .1 Cryoboreal, 82 Luvisol (13511) 2 Alberta Plain cold (La3-2b) 2 Fibrisol 3 Moostoos e Humid Upland b Aquic 4 1,800-2,200 inclusions (550-670) C2 1 Orthic Gray 4,847 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 83 Luvisol (12553) 2 Alberta Plain cold (La3-26) 2 Fibrisol 3 Waskesiu Hills e Humid Upland b Aquic 4 1,700-2,500 inclusions (520-760)

C2 1 Orthic Gray 340 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Gryoboreal, 84 Luvisol (880) 2 Alberta Plain cold (La3-2b) 2 Fibrisol 4 2,000-2,500 fe Subhumid 3 Orthic Gleysol (610-760) to humid b Aquic inclusions

C2 1 Orthic Gray 5,666 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 85 Luvisol (14674) 2 Alberta Plain cold (La3-2b) 2 Fibrisol 3 Thickwood Hills fe Subhumid 3 Orthic Gleysol Upland to humid 4 1,800-2,450 b Aquic (550-730) inclusions

C2 1 Orthic Gray 1,785 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 86 Luvisol (4623) 2 Saskatchewan cold (La3-2b) 2 Fibrisol Plain e Humid Manitoba b Aquic Escarpment inclusions 3 Pasquia Hills Upland 4 1,800-2,500 (550-760) C2 1 Orthic Gray 1,740 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 87 Luvisol (4506) 2 Great Slave Plain cold (La3-3a) 2 Fibrisol 4 900-1,000 e Humid 3 Orthic Gleysol (270-310) b Aquic inclusions Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source land-form material land use reference 2 Reliability

Rolling glacial till plain Loamy, slightly Productive mixed D8 1 Alberta calcareous glacial till upland forest, 2 Exploratory nonproductive coniferous lowland forest

Rolling morainic Loamy, slightly Productive mixed D9 1 Saskatchewan glacial till plain to moderately upland forest, 2 Exploratory calcareous glacial till, nonproductive minor glaciofluvial coniferous deposits lowland forest Military reservation Gently to strongly rolling Loamy, moderately Productive mixed D 10 1 Saskatchewan morainic glacial till plain calcareous glacial till, upland forest, 2 Exploratory with local outwash plain minor glaciofluvial nonproductive deposits coniferous lowland forest Outdoor recreation, Prince Albert National Park Vloderately rolling Loamy, weakly Productive mixed D9 1 Alberta norainic glacial till plain calcareous glacial till upland forest, 2 Exploratory nonproductive coniferous lowland forest Woodland grazing Improved pasture & forage Moderately rolling Loamy, weakly Productive mixed D9 1 Saskatchewan norainic glacial till plain calcareous glacial till upland forest, Alberta nonproductive 2 Soil Survey coniferous lowland forest Field crops (mixed grains) Gently to strongly Loamy, moderately Productive mixed D 11 1 Saskatchewan -oiling glacial till plain, to strongly calcareous upland forest, 2 Exploratory .hinly glaciated upland, glacial till with nonproductive iissected escarpement cretaceous shales coniferous lowland forest

Jndulating lake plain Clayey, moderately Nonproductive E 8, 9 1 Alberta calcareous lacustrine forest 2 Exploratory deposits C : DOMINANTLY LUVISOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

1 Dominant Physiography > 40%a area 2 Subdominant 1 Region > 20% area Area 2 Division Soil climate Symbol 3 Significant 3 Local subdivision Canadian inclusions sq mi 4 Range of Temperature class (FAO/UNESCO) 10-20% Phase (km z) elevation, ft (m) Moisture subclass

C2 1 Orthic Gray 572 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 88 Luvisol (1 476) 2 Alberta Plateau cold (La3-3a) 2 Fibrisol 3 Fort Nelson e Humid 3 Orthic Gleysol Lowland b Aquic 4 1,000-2,500 inclusions (310-760) C2 1 Orthic Gray 227 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 90 Luvisol (588) 2 Manitoba Plain moderately cold (La9-2a) 2 Humic Gleysol 4 950-1,100 fe Subhumid 3 Orthic Dark Gray (290-340) to humid Chernozemic c Subaquic inclusions C2 1 Orthic Gray 488 1 Interior Plains 3.1-3 .2 91 Luvisol (1 264) 2 Manitoba Plain Cryoboreal, (La9-3a) 2 Humic Gleysol 4 800-900 cold to 3 Orthic Dark Gray (240-270) moderately cold Chernozemic fe Subhumid to humid c Subaquic inclusions C2 1 Orthic Gray 1,445 1 James 4.1 Boreal, cool 92 Luvisol (3742) 2 Abitibi Upland d Perhumid (La10-2a) 2 Orthic Humic 3 Cobalt Plain c Subaquic Gleysol 4 600-800 inclusions (180-240) C2 1 Orthic Gray 996 1 James 4.2 Boreal, 93 Luvisol (2579) 2 Severn Upland moderately cool (La10-2a) 2 Orthic Humic 4 1,050-1,200 fe Subhumid Gleysol (320-370) to humid c Subaquic inclusions C2 1 Orthic Gray 779 1 Cordilleran, 3.2 Cryoboreal, 94 Luvisol (2017) Interior System moderately cold (La17-2a) 2 Orthic Dark Gray 2 Interior Plateau f Subhumid Chernozemic 3 Neechake Plateau 4 1,700-3,500 (520-1 070) C2 1 Orthic Gray 543 1 Cordilleran, 3.1 Cryoboreal, 95 Luvisol (1406) Interior System cold (La 17-2a) 2 Orthic Dark Gray 2 Interior Plateau ef Humid to Chernozemic 3 Neechake Plateau subhumid 4 2,400-3,300 (730-1 010) C2 1 Orthic Gray 246 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 96 Luvisol (637) 2 Alberta Plain cold (La18-2a) ' 2 Orthic Dark Gray 4 2,100-2,200 fe Subhumid Chernozemic (640-670) to humid 3 Orthic Humic Gleysol Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating to gently Clayey, weakly Productive E6 1 British Columbia rolling lake-modified calcareous lacustrine coniferous upland 2 Schematic glacial plain glacial till & alluvial forest deposits nonproductive coniferous lowland forest Undulating lake-modified Loamy, strongly Field crops C12 1 Manitoba glacial till plain calcareous glacial till (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey Improved pasture & forage

Undulating lake-modified Clayey, moderately Productive mixed D12 1 Manitoba glacial till plain calcareous lacustrine forest 2 Exploratory deposits Field crops (minor)

Undulating lake-modified Loamy, strongly Field crops B16,17 1 Ontario glacial till plain calcareous glacial till Improved pasture Quebec & lacustrine deposits & forage 2 Exploratory

Undulating lake plain Clayey, moderately Field crops C13 1 Ontario calcareous lacustrine Improved pasture 2 Soil survey deposits & forage

Undulating glacial till Loamy, slightly Woodland grazing D5 1 British Columbia plain calcareous glacial till Forage 2 Soil Survey & glaciofluvial deposits

Undulating glacial till Loamy, none to Woodland grazing D 5 1 British Columbia plain slightly calcareous 2 Soil survey glacial till & glaciofluvial deposits

Undulating lake-modified Loamy, slightly Field crops D8 1 Alberta glacial till plain to moderately (mixed grains) 2 Soil Survey calcareous lacustrine Improved pasture deposits & forage C : DOMINANTLY LUVISOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

C2 1 Orthic Gray 212 1 Interior Plains 3.1-3.2 97 Luvisol (549) 2 Manitoba Plain Cryoboreal, (La17-2a) 2 Dark Gray 3 Grassy Lake cold to Luvisol Garrich Plain moderately cold 3 Orthic Dark Gray 4 1,200-1,400 fe Subhumid Chernozemic (370-430) to humid C2 1 Orthic Gray 11,856 1 Cordilleran, 3.1-3 .2 98 Luvisol (30706) Interior System Cryoboreal, (La17-2a) 2 Orthic Dark Gray 2 Interior Plateau cold to Chernozemic Fraser Basin moderately cold 3 Orthic Gleysol 4 3,000-5,000 fg Subhumid (910-1 520) to semiarid C2 1 Orthic Gray 749 1 Cordilleran, 4.1-4 .2 99 Luvisol (1 940) Interior System Boreal, cool to (La20-3a) 2 Orthic Dystric 2 Fraser Basin moderately cool Brunisol Interior Plateau gf Semiarid 3 Orthic Dark Gray 3 Nechako Plain to subhumid Chernozemic 4 2,000-2,500 (610-760) C2 1 Orthic Gray 3,625 1 Cordilleran, 4.1-4 .2 100 Luvisol (9388) Interior System Boreal, cool to (La19-2b) 2 Orthic Dystric 2 Columbia moderately cool Brunisol Highlands gf Semiarid 3 Thompson to subhumid Plateau Shuswapand Okanagan 4 1,300-5,000 (400-1 520) C2 1 Orthic Gray 789 1 Cordilleran, 3.2-4.1 101 Luvisol (2 043) Interior System Cryoboreal, (La19-2b) 2 Orthic Dystric 2 Interior Plateau moderately cold Brunisol 3 Thompson to boreal, cool 3 Dark Gray Plateau and gf Semiarid Luvisol minor ranges to subhumid 4 4,000-6,000 (1 220-1 830) C2 1 Orthic Gray 2,120 1 Cordilleran, 3.2-4 .1 102 Luvisol (5490) Interior System Cryoboreal, (La19-2b) 2 Orthic Dystric 2 Interior Plateau moderately cold Brunisol 3 Thompson to Boreal, cool Plateau gf Semiarid 4 3,500-6,000 to subhumid (1 070-1 830) C2 1 Orthic Gray 12,892 1 Cordilleran 3.1 Cryoboreal, 103 Luvisol (33389) 2 Interior Plateau cold (La21-2b) 2 Orthic Dystric 3 Nechako and ef Humid to Brunisol Fraser plateaus to subhumid Orthic 4 3,500-6,000 Humo-Ferric (1 070-1 830) Podzol Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating lake-modified Loamy, moderately Field crops D 10 1 Saskatchewan glacial till plain calcareous modified Woodland grazing 2 Soil survey glacial till

Undulating to gently Loamy, slightly Productive C, D 5,6 1 British Columbia rolling glacial till plain calcareous glacial till coniferous forest 2 Soil Survey & glaciofluvial Woodland grazing Schematic deposits Rough grazing & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs) Undulating lake plain Clayey, slightly Woodland grazing D 5, 6 1 British Columbia calcareous lacustrine Improved pasture 2 Soil Survey deposits & forage

Gently to strongly Loamy, slightly Woodland grazing C 7 1 British Columbia rolling glacial till plain calcareous glacial till, & forage 2 Soil survey lacustrine & some Productive Schematic glaciofluvial deposits coniferous forest

Rolling glacial till plain Loamy, slightly Woodland grazing C 6 1 British Columbia calcareous glacial till 2 Soil survey & glaciofluvial deposits

Rolling glacial till plain Loamy, slightly Productive C 6 1 British Columbia calcareous glacial till coniferous forest 2 Soil survey & glaciofluvial Woodland grazing Exploratory deposits

Rolling plain Loamy, noncalcareous Productive mixed D 5,6 1 British Columbia glacial till & coniferous forest 2 Soil survey & glaciofluvial Woodland grazing Schematic deposits C : DOMINANTLY LUVISOLIC SOILS-cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

C2 1 Orthic Gray Stony 1,040 1 Cordilleran 3.2-3 .1 104 Luvisol (2693) 2 Fraser Basin Cryoboreal, (La21-2b) 2 Orthic Dystric Interior Plateau moderately cold Brunisol 4 2,500-4,000 to cold Orthic (760-1 220) fe Subhumid Humo-Ferric to humid Podzol C2 1 Orthic Gray Rocky 4,414 1 Cordilleran 3.1 Cryoboreal, 105 Luvisol (11 432) 2 Interior Plateau cold (La22-2b) 2 Orthic Dystric 3 Omineca Mts. e Humid Brunisol Nechako Plateau Rockland 4 3,500-6,000 (1 070-1 830)

C2 1 Orthic Gray 286 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 106 Luvisol (741) 2 Manitoba Plain moderately cold (La25-3a) 2 Gray Solonetz 3 Carrot River f Subhumid Lowland 4 1,200-1,400 (370-430) C2 1 Orthic Gray 16,822 1 James 3.2-4 .1 107 Luvisol (43567) 2 Abitibi Upland Cryoboreal, (La23-1/3a) 2 Orthic Gleysol 3 Ojibway moderately cold Orthic Clay Belt to Boreal, cool Humo-Ferric 4 500-1,000 d Perhumid Podzol (150-300) 3 Fibrisol C2 1 Orthic Gray 2,441 1 Cordilleran 3.1 Cryoboreal 108 Luvisol (6322) 2 Fraser Basin cold (La11-2b) 2 Orthic Interior Plateau ef Humid to Humo-Ferric 3 McGregor Plateau subhumid Podzol 4 2,500-4,000 3 Fibrisol, Orthic (760-1 200) Dystric Brunisol C2 1 Orthic Gray Stony 2,220 1 Cordilleran 3.1 Cryoboreal, 109 Luvisol (5749) 2 Interior Plateau cold (La11-2b) 2 Orthic 3 Nechako Plateau ef Humid to Humo-Ferric Minnon Ranges subhumid Podzol 4 3,500-5,000 3 Fibrisol, Orthic (1 070-1 520) Dystric Brunisol C2 1 Orthic Gray 6,944 1 Appalachian 4.2 Boreal, 110 Luvisol (17984) 2 Maritime Plain moderately cool (La12-2/3a) 2 Orthic 3 New Brunswick e Humid Humo-Ferric Lowland Podzol 4 100-500 3 Orthic Humic (30-150) Gleysol Fibrisol, Cumulic Regosol Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Rolling plain Stony, loamy, Productive mixed D 6 1 British Columbia noncalcareous glacial forest 2 Exploratory till & glaciofluvial Woodland grazing deposits

Rolling, Loamy, Productive D 5, 6 1 British Columbia bedrock-controlled plain noncalcareous glacial coniferous forest 2 Schematic till & glaciofluvial deposits Rockland (igneous, metamorphic) Undulating plain Clayey, moderately Field crops D 11 1 Saskatchewan calcareous lacustrine (mixed grains, 2 Soil survey & lake-modified forage) glacial till

Undulating plain Sandy to clayey, Productive C 16, 17 1 Ontario moderately calcareous coniferous forest Quebec glacial till, Field crops 2 Schematic glaciofluvial (mixed grains, & lacustrine deposits forage)

Rolling plain Loamy, slightly Productive D 6 1 British Columbia calcareous glacial till coniferous forest 2 Schematic & glaciofluvial deposits

Rolling to hilly plain Stony, loamy, slightly Productive D 5, 6 1 British Columbia calcareous glacial till mixed forest 2 Exploratory & glaciofluvial Woodland grazing deposits

Undulating to gently Loamy & clayey Productive B 20 1 New Brunswick rolling plain glacial till, marine mixed forest 2 Soil survey clays & glaciofluvial Field crops deposits (mixed grains, forage) Small fruits C : DOMINANTLY LUVISOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

C2 1 Orthic Gray 469 1 Appalachian 4.1 Boreal, cool 111 Luvisol (1 215) 2 Atlantic Uplands Mm Maritime (La12-2/3a) 2 Orthic of Nova Scotia influence Humo-Ferric 3 Bras D'Or d Perhumid Podzol Lowland 3 Cumulic Regosol Cape Breton Is . Fibirisol, Orthic 4 0-500 Gleysol (0-150) C2 1 Orthic Gray 30 1 Appalachian 4.1 Boreal, cool 112 Luvisol (78) 2 Atlantic Uplands Mm Maritime (La12-2/3a) 2 Orthic of Nova Scotia d Perhumid Humo-Ferric 3 Madame Is., Cape Podzol Breton Is . 4 0-150 (0-50) C2 1 Orthic Gray 389 1 Appalachian 4.1 Boreal, cool 113 Luvisol (1007) 2 Nova Scotia Mm Maritime (La12-2/3a) 2 Orthic Highlands influence H umo-Ferric 3 Antigonish d Perhumid Podzol Lowlands 3 Orthic Gleysol 4 0-500 Orthic Regosol (0-150) C2 1 Orthic Gray 1,248 1 Appalachian 4.2 Boreal, 114 Luvisol (3232) 2 Annapolis moderately cool (La12-2/3a) 2 Orthic Lowland e Humid Humo-Ferric Atlantic Uplands Podzol of Nova Scotia 3 Humic Eluviated 3 Minas Basin Gleysol Lowland Orthic Regosol 4 0-400 (0-120) C2 1 Orthic Gray 335 1 Appalachian 4.1 Boreal, cool 115 Luvisol (868) 2 Nova Scotia Mm Maritime (La12-2/3a) 2 Orthic Highlands influence Humo-Ferric 3 Cape Breton Is . d Perhumid Podzol Port Hood 3 Orthic Gleysol Lowland 4 0-500 (0-150) C2 1 Orthic Gray 618 1 St . Lawrence 3.2 Cryoboreal, 116 Luvisol (1 600) Lowlands moderately cold (La12-2/3a) 2 Orthic 2 East St . Lawrence Mm Maritime H umo-Ferric Lowland influence Podzol 3 Newfoundland d Perhumid 3 Fibrisol, Orthic Coastal Lowland Humic Pozdol Port au Port Peninsula Codray Valley 4 0-1,100 (0-340) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating to gently Loamy to clayey Field crops B 21 1 Nova Scotia rolling plain glacial till (mixed grains, 2 Soil survey & glaciofluvial forage) deposits Productive mixed forest

Undulating plain Loamy & clayey Field crops B 21 1 Nova Scotia glacial till with (mixed grains, 2 Soil survey alluvial deposits forage)

Undulating to gently Loamy & clayey Improved pasture B 21 1 Nova Scotia rolling plain glacial till with & forage 2 Soil survey glaciofluvial sands Field crops (mixed grains)

Undulating plain Loamy & clayey Improved pasture B 21 1 Nova Scotia glacial till with & forage 2 Soil survey glaciofluvial sands Field crops (mixed grains)

Undulating to rolling Loamy & clayey Improved pasture B 21 1 Nova Scotia plain glacial till & forage 2 Soil survey & glaciofluvial deposits

Undulating to rolling Loamy & clayey Productive C 22 1 Newfoundland plain glacial till coniferous forest 2 Soil survey & glaciofluvial Field crops deposits Improved pasture & forage C : DOMINANTLY LUVISOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

C2 1 Orthic Gray 1,208 1 Appalachian 4.1 Boreal, cool 117 Luvisol (3128) 2 Maritime Plain Mm Maritime (La12-2/3a) 2 Orthic 4 100-300 influence Humo-Ferric (30-90) d Perhumid Podzol C2 1 Orthic Gray Stony 1,736 1 Cordilleran 3.1 Cryoboreal, 118 Luvisol (4496) Rocky Mountain cold (La 12-2c) 2 Orthic Area Mx Mountain Humo-Ferric 2 Southern Rocky influence Podzol Mountains fe Subhumid 3 Orthic Dystric 3 Continental to humid Brunisol Ranges Border Ranges 4 2,900-9,000 (880-2740) C2 1 Orthic Gray 2,969 1 Interior Plains 3.1-3.2 119 Luvisol (7689) 2 Saskatchewan Cryoboreal, (La12-1/2a) 2 Orthic Plain cold to Humo-Ferric 3 La Ronge Plain moderately cold Podzol, Fibrisol 4 1,600-1,800 e Humid 3 Orthic Dystric (490-550) Brunisol C2 1 Orthic Gray 276 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 120 Luvisol (715) 2 Saskatchewan cold (La13-1/2a) 2 Orthic Plain e Humid Humo-Ferric 3 Wapawekka Podzol Upland and Fibrisol Plateau 3 Orthic Dystric 4 2,000-2,100 Brunisol (610-640) C2 1 Orthic Gray 705 1 Interior Plains 3.1-3 .2 121 Luvisol (1826) 2 Manitoba Plain Cryoboreal, (La13-1 /2a) 2 Orthic 3 Carrot River cold to Humo-Ferric Lowland, moderately cold Podzol, White Gull Creek e Humid Fibrisol Plain 3 Orthic Dystric 4 1,500-1,800 Brunisol (450-550) C2 1 Orthic Gray 2,564 1 Interior Plains 3.1-3 .2 122 Luvisol (6640) 2 Saskatchewan Cryoboreal, (La13-1/2a) 2 Orthic Plain cold to Humo-Ferric 3 Lower Waterban moderately cold Podzol, Plain, e Humid Fibrisol Beaver River 3 Orthic Dystric Plain Brunisol 4 1,500-1,800 (460-550) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating plain Loamy glacial till Improved pasture B 20, 21 1 Nova Scotia & forage 2 Soil survey

Mountainous with alluvial Stony, loamy, Productive C8 1 British Columbia & colluvial fans moderately to weakly coniferous forest 2 Soil survey calcareous glacial till Field crops & recent deposits (in valleys)

Undulating plain Sandy & loamy, Productive D10 1 Saskatchewan weakly calcareous coniferous forest 2 Exploratory glacial till & glaciofluvial deposits

Undulating thinly Sandy & loamy, Productive mixed D10 1 Saskatchewan glaciated plateau weakly calcareous forest upland, 2 Exploratory glacial till nonproductive & glaciofluvial coniferous lowland deposits

Undulating till & ice Sandy to loamy, Productive D10 1 Saskatchewan marginal lake plain weakly to moderately mixed forest 2 Exploratory calcareous glacial till Outdoor recreation & glaciofluvial Field crops deposits (mixed grains)

Undulating plain Sandy to loamy, Productive D9,10 1 Saskatchewan weakly calcareous mixed forest 2 Soil survey glacial till Field crops Exploratory & glaciofluvial (mixed grains, deposits forage) C : DOMINANTLY LUVISOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

C2 1 Orthic Gray 3,032 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 123 Luvisol (7852) 2 Saskatchewan cold (La14-1/2b) 2 Orthic Plain e Humid Humo-Ferric 3 Wapawekka Podzol, Upland Fibrisol 4 2,000-2,400 3 Orthic Dystric (610-730) Brunisol C2 1 Orthic Gray 952 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 124 Luvisol (2465) 2 Saskatchewan cold (La13-1/2a) 2 Orthic Plain e Humid Humo-Ferric 3 Methy Portage Podzol Plain Fibrisol 4 1,500-1,800 3 Orthic Dystric (460-550) Brunisol C2 1 Orthic Gray 1,356 1 Interior Plains 2-3.1 125 Luvisol (3512) 2 Fort Nelson Subarctic, (La5-3a) 2 Cryic Fibrisol Lowland very cold to 4 1,200-2,000 Cryoboreal, cold (370-610) fe Subhumid to humid c Subaquic inclusions C2 1 Orthic Gray 493 1 Interior Plains 2-3.1 126 Luvisol (1 277) 2 Fort Nelson Subarctic, (La5-3a) 2 Cryic Fibrisol Lowland very cold to 3 Etsho Plateau Cryoboreal, cold 4 1,500-2300) e Humid (460-700) c Subaquic inclusions

C2 1 Orthic Gray 32,305 1 Kazan 2-3.1 127 Luvisol (83667) James Subarctic, (La4-2b) 2 Cryic Fibrisol 2 Severn Upland very cold to Rockland Kazan Upland Cryoboreal, cold 4 500-600 e Humid (150-180) c Subaquic inclusions C2 1 Orthic Gray 9,898 1 Kazan 2 Subarctic, 128 Luvisol (25635) 2 Kazan Upland very cold (La7-2b) 2 Orthic Eutric 3 Northern Indian e Humid Brunisol Lake Cryic Fibrisol 4 700-800 (210-240) C2 1 Orthic Gray 4,488 1 Interior Plains 2-3.1 129 Luvisol (11 623) 2 Fort Nelson Subarctic, (La7-2b) 2 Orthic Eutric Lowland very cold to Brunisol 4 700-2,500 Cryoboreal, cold Cryic Fibrisol (210-760) e Humid Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Rolling plain Sandy to loamy, Productive D 10 1 Saskatchewan weakly to moderately mixed forest 2 Exploratory calcareous glacial till Field crops & glaciofluvial (mixed grains, deposits forage)

Undulating plain Sandy to loamy, Productive E 9 1 Saskatchewan weakly calcareous coniferous forest 2 Exploratory glacial till Field crops & glaciofluvial (mixed grains, deposits forage)

Undulating to gently Clayey, weakly Productive E 7 1 Alberta rolling lake-modified calcareous glacial till coniferous 2 Exploratory till plain & lacustrine deposits upland forest, nonproductive lowland forest

Undulating plain Clayey, weakly Productive E 6 1 British Columbia calcareous glacial till coniferous 2 Schematic & glaciofluvial upland forest, deposits nonproductive lowland forest

Rolling till & lake-modified Shallow loamy glacial Nonproductive D 12, 13, 14 1 Manitoba bedrock upland till & lacustrine coniferous E 12, 13 Ontario deposits overlying forest 2 Schematic bedrock (igneous & metamorphic)

Rolling till Loamy glacial till Nonproductive E 12, 13 1 Manitoba & lake-modified overlying bedrock coniferous forest 2 Schematic bedrock upland (igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary)

Rolling plain Loamy, weakly Productive E 5, 6 1 British Columbia calcareous glacial till coniferous 2 Schematic & glaciofluvial upland forest, deposits nonproductive coniferous lowland forest C : DOMINANTLY LUVISOLIC SOILS -concl'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

1 Dominant Physiography > 40% area 2 Subdominant 1 Region > 20% area Area 2 Division Soil climate Symbol 3 Significant 3 Local subdivision Canadian inclusions sq mi 4 Range of Temperature clas (FAO/UNESCO) 10-20% Phase (km z) elevation, ft (m) Moisture sublass

C2 1 Orthic Gray 523 1 Interior Plains 2-3.1 130 Luvisol (1 354) 2 Fort Nelson Subarctic, (La7-2b) 2 Cryic Fibrisol Lowland very cold to 3 West Etsho Cryoboreal, cold Plateau e Humid 4 2,200-2,400 (670-730) C2 1 Orthic Gray 2,466 1 James 3.1-3 .2 131 Luvisol (6387) 2 Severn Upland Cryoboreal, La16-3b) 2 Rockland 4 1,300-1,400 cool to (400-430) moderately cool e Humid Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Rolling plain Loamy, weakly Nonproductive E 6 1 British Columbia calcareous glacial till coniferous forest 2 Schematic & glaciofluvial deposits

Rolling till & lake-modified Clayey, shallow glacial Productive C,D13 1 Ontario bedrock upland till & lacustrine coniferous 2 Exploratory deposits overlying upland forest bedrock (igneous, metamorphic)

- , . . ' ,

' 1// D : DOMINANTLY PODZOLIC SOILS

Map unit

Soil subgroups

D3 Humo-Ferric Podzol D3 1 Orthic 113 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 1 Humo-Ferric (293) Lowlands e Humid (Po1-1 a) Podzol 2 Central St . Lawrence Lowland 4 100-200 (30-60) D3 1 Orthic Stony 370 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 2 Humo-Ferric (258) Lowlands e Humid (Po1-1a) Podzol 2 West St . Lawrence Lowland 3 Simcoe Lowlands 4 600-800 (180-240) D3 1 Orthic 34 1 Cordilleran 3.2-4 .1 3 Humo-Ferric (88) 2 Estevan Coastal Cryoboreal, (Po1-1/2a) Podzol Plain moderately cold 3 Orthic Dystric 3 Nootka Island to Boreal, cool Brunisol 4 0-1,500 d Perhumid (0-460) D3 1 Orthic 79 1 Cordilleran 4.1-3 .2 4 Humo-Ferric (205) 2 Estevan Coastal Boreal, cool, to (Po1-1 /2a) Podzol Plain Cryoboreal, 3 Orthic Dystric 3 Estevan Point moderately cold Brunisol 4 0-3,500 Mm Maritime (0-1 070) influence e Humid D3 1 Orthic 59 1 Cordilleran 4.1-3 .2 5 Humo-Ferric (153) 2 Estevan Coastal Boreal, cool to (Po1-1/2a) Podzol Plain Cryoboreal, 2 Orthic Dystric 3 Flores Island moderately cold Brunisol 4 0-3,500 Mm Maritime Orthic (0-1 070) influence Ferro-Humic e Humid Podzol D3 1 Orthic 138 1 Cordilleran 4.1-3 .2 6 Humo-Ferric (357) 2 Estevan Coastal Boreal, cool to (Po1-1 /2a) Podzol Plain Cryoboreal, 3 Orthic Dystric 3 Long Beach, moderately cold Brunisol Tofino Mm Maritime Orthic 4 0-3,500 influence Ferro-Humic (0-1 070) e Humid Podzol D3 1 Orthic 552 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 7 Humo-Ferric (1 430) Lowlands e Humid (Po1-1/2a) Podzol 2 Central St . Lawrence Lowland 4 200-300 (60-90) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Gently sloping plain Sandy glaciofluvial Field crops B 18 1 Quebec deposits (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey Improved pasture & forage

Undulating morainic Sandy, moderately Field crops B 17 1 Ontario & glaciofluvial plain calcareous Improved pasture 2 Soil survey glaciofluvial & stony & forage glacial till deposits Outdoor recreation

Undulating plain Sandy & loamy Productive C 5 1 British Columbia noncalcareous glacial coniferous forest 2 Exploratory till & glaciofluvial deposits

Undulating plain Sandy & loamy Improved pasture B 18 1 Ontario weakly calcareous & forage 2 Soil survey glacial till & glaciofluvial deposits D : DOMINANTLY PODZOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

D3 1 Orthic 54 1 St. Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 8 Humo-Ferric (140) Lowlands e Humid (Po1-1/2b) Podzol 2 Central St . Lawrence Lowland 3 Adirondack Mts. 4 0-400 (0-120) D3 1 Orthic 3,725 1 Cordilleran 4 .1-3.2 9 Humo-Ferric (9647) 2 Vancouver Is . Boreal, cool to (Po1-1b) Podzol Ranges Cryoboreal, 3 Orthic Dystric 3 Insular Mts. moderately cold Brunisol 4 0-4,000 Mm Maritime Orthic (0-1 220) influence Ferro-Humic d Perhumid Podzol D3 1 Orthic 34 1 St . Lawrence 4.2 Boreal, 10 H umo-Ferric (88) Lowlands moderately cool (Po1-1b) Podzol 2 Central e Humid 2 Orthic Dystric St . Lawrence Brunisol Lowland 3 Appalachian Range 4 200-1,200 (60-370) D3 1 Orthic 1,750 1 Cordilleran 4.1-3.2 11 H umo-Ferric (4532) 2 Vancouver Is. Boreal, cool to (Po1-2b) Podzol Ranges Cryoboreal, 3 Orthic Dystric 3 Nahwitti Lowland moderately cold Brunisol 4 0-2,000 Mm Maritime Orthic (0-610) influence Ferro-Humic d Perhumid Podzol D3 1 Orthic Rocky 2,021 1 Cordilleran 3.2-4 .1 12 Humo-Ferric (5234) 2 Vancouver Is . Cryoboreal, (Po1-2c) Podzol Ranges moderately cold 3 Orthic 3 Insular Mts. to Boreal, cool Ferro-Humic 4 0-4,000 Mm Maritime Podzol (0-1 220) influence Rockland d Perhumid D3 1 Orthic 54 1 Cordilleran 3.2-4.1 13 Humo-Ferric (140) 2 Vancouver Is . Cryoboreal, (Po1-2c) Podzol Ranges moderately cold 2 Orthic Dystric 3 Nootka Island to Boreal, cool Brunisol 4 0-3,000 Mm Maritime Orthic (0-910) influence Ferro-Humic d Perhumid Podzol Physical characteristics - Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating & rolling plain Sandy & loamy Field crops B 18 1 Quebec noncalcareous glacial (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey till Orchards (small scale)

Strongly rolling plain Sandy noncalcareous Productive C 5 1 British Columbia till & colluvium coniferous forest 2 Soil survey Woodland grazing

Strongly rolling plain Sandy & loamy Productive hardwood B 18 1 Quebec noncalcareous till forest 2 Soil survey Wildlife

Strongly rolling plain Loamy, noncalcareous Productive C 5 1 British Columbia till & outwash coniferous forest 2 Schematic

Strongly rolling plain Loamy, noncalcareous Productive C 5 1 British Columbia glacial till, coniferous forest 2 Exploratory glaciofluvial deposits & colluvium Rockland (igneous)

Strongly sloping plain Loamy, noncalcareous Productive C 5 1 British Columbia glacial till coniferous forest 2 Exploratory & glaciofluvial deposits D : DOMINANTLY PODZOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

D3 1 Orthic Rocky 641 1 Cordilleran 3.2-4 .1 14 Humo-Ferric (1660) 2 Vancouver Is . Cryoboreal, (Po1-2c) Podzol Ranges moderately cold 3 Orthic 3 Eastevan Coastal to Boreal, cool Ferro-Humic Plain Mm Maritime Podzol 4 0-4,000 influence Rockland (0-1 220) d Perhumid D3 1 Orthic 123 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 15 Humo-Ferric (318) 2 Alberta Plateau cold (Po1-1a) Podzol 4 2,250-2,350 e Humid (690-720) D3 1 Orthic 113 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 16 Humo-Ferric (293) 2 Alberta Plain cold (Po1-1a) Podzol 4 2,100-2,400 fe Subhumid (640-730) to humid D3 1 Orthic 513 1 James 3.2 Cryoboreal, 17 Humo-Ferric (1329) 2 Abitibi Upland moderately cold (Po1-1a) Podzol 4 800-1,000 d Perhumid (240-300) D3 1 Orthic 276 1 James 4.1 Boreal, cool 18 Humo-Ferric (715) 2 Nipigon Plain ed Humid to (Po1-1a) Podzol 4 800-1,000 perhumid (240-300) D3 1 Orthic 8,734 1 James 3.2 Cryoboreal, 19 Humo-Ferric (22620) 2 Nipigon Plain moderately cold (Po1-1 a) Podzol 4 800-1,700 d Perhumid (240-520) D3 1 Orthic 749 1 Laurentian 4.1 Boreal, cool 20 Humo-Ferric (1940) 2 Laurentian d Perhumid (Po1-1a) Podzol Highlands 4 1,500-2,300 (460-700) D3 1 Orthic 1,519 1 Laurentian 4.2 Boreal, 21 Humo-Ferric (3934) 2 Laurentian moderately cool (Po1-1 a) Podzol Highlands d Perhumid 4 200-500 (60-150) D3 1 Orthic 9,193 1 James 3.1-2 22 Humo-Ferric (23809) 2 Larch Plateau Cryoboreal, (Po1-1/2ab) Podzol 4 40-500 cold to (12-150) Subarctic, very cold d Perhumid D3 1 Orthic 73,067 1 James 3.1-2 23 Humo-Ferric (189 236) 2 Lake Plateau Cryoboreal, (Po1-1/2ab) Podzol 4 1,800-2,400 cold to (550-730) Subarctic, very cold d Perhumid Physical characteristics - Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Strongly sloping plain Loamy, noncalcareous Productive C 5 1 British Columbia glacial till, coniferous forest 2 Exploratory glaciofluvial deposits, & colluvium Rockland (igneous)

Gently undulating plain Sandy glaciofluvial Woodland grazing E 8 1 Alberta deposits Productive 2 Soil survey mixed forest

Undulating plain Sandy glaciofluvial Woodland grazing D 9 1 Alberta deposits Productive 2 Soil survey mixed forest

Undulating plain Sandy, noncalcareous Productive C 15 1 Ontario glaciofluvial coniferous forest 2 Exploratory lacustrine deposits

Undulating lacustrine plain Sandy, weakly Productive C 15 1 Ontario calcareous coniferous forest 2 Exploratory lacustrine deposits

Undulating to gently Sandy, moderately Productive C, D 14 1 Ontario rolling plain calcareous glacial till coniferous forest 2 Exploratory & glaciofluvial deposits Undulating plain Sandy, noncalcareous Productive B 18 1 Quebec glacial till mixed forest 2 Exploratory

Undulating plain Sandy, noncalcareous Improved pasture B 18, 19 1 Quebec glacial till & forage 2 Soil survey & glaciofluvial Productive mixed deposits hardwood forest

Undulating to strongly Sandy & loamy Nonproductive D 17 1 Quebec rolling plain noncalcareous coniferous forest 2 Schematic glacial till & glaciofluvial deposits

Undulating to strongly Sandy & loamy, Nonproductive D 18, 19, 20 1 Quebec rolling plain noncalcareous glacial coniferous forest 2 Schematic till & glaciofluvial deposits D : DOMINANTLY PODZOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

D3 1 Orthic Rocky 138 1 James 3.2 Cryoboreal, 24 Humo-Ferric [(357) 2 Severn Upland moderately cold (Po1-1b) Podzol 4 1,300-1,500 d Perhumid 3 Rockland (400-460) D3 1 Orthic Rocky 157 1 James 3.2 Cryoboreal, 25 Humo-Ferric (407) 2 Severn Upland moderately cold (Po1-1b) Podzol 4 1,300-1,500 d Perhumid 3 Rockland (400-460) D3 1 Orthic Stony 937 1 James, Laurentian 3.2 Cryoboreal, 26 Humo-Ferric (2427) 2 Abitibi Upland moderately cold (Po1-1b) Podzol Laurentian d Perhumid Highlands 4 1,400-1,800 (430-550) D3 1 Orthic Stony 13,735 1 James, Laurentian 3.2 Cryoboreal, 27 Humo-Ferric (35572) 2 Abitibi Upland moderately cold (Po1-1 b) Podzol Laurentian d Perhumid Highlands 4 1,300-2,100 (400-640) D3 1 Orthic 2,219 1 Cordilleran 3.1 Cryoboreal, 28 Humo-Ferric (5747) 2 Boundary Ranges cold (Po1-1 /2b) Podzol 3 Stikine & Iskut e Humid Valleys 4 0-5,000 (0-1 520) D3 1 Orthic 3,560 1 Appalachian 4.1 Boreal, cool 29 Humo-Ferric (9220) 2 Notre Dame Mts . d Perhumid (Po1-2b) Podzol 4 0-3,700 (0-1 130) D3 1 Orthic 1,711 1 Appalachian 4.1 Boreal, cool 30 Humo-Ferric (4431) 2 Chaleur Uplands d Perhumid (Po1-2b) Podzol Notre Dame Mts . 4 200-2,500 (60-760) D3 1 Orthic 3,289 1 Appalachian 3.2 Cryoboreal, 31 Humo-Ferric (8518) 2 Chaleur Uplands moderately cold (Po1-2c) Podzol Notre Dame Mts . d Perhumid 4 2,400-3,700 (730-1 130) D3 1 Orthic Stony 8,162 1 James 3.2 Cryoboreal, 32 Humo-Ferric (21 139) 2 Mistassini Hills moderately cold (Po1-1 /2ab) Podzol Lake Plateau d Perhumid 4 2,500-3,500 (760-1 070) D3 1 Orthic Stony 6,323 1 Laurentian 3.2 Cryoboreal, 33 Humo-Ferric (16376) 2 MecatinaPlateau moderately cold (Po1-1 /2ab) Podzol 4 700-1,800 d Perhumid (210-550) hysical haracteristics eference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Strongly rolling plain Sandy, noncalcareous Productive C 14 1 Ontario glacial till coniferous forest 2 Schematic Rockland (igneous, metamorphic) Strongly rolling plain Sandy, noncalcareous Productive C 14 1 Ontario glacial till coniferous forest 2 Exploratory Rockland (igneous, metamorphic) Strongly rolling plain Sandy, stony glacial Productive B 17 1 Quebec till mixed forest 2 Exploratory Improved pasture & forage

Strongly rolling plain Sandy, stony glacial Productive B, C 17, 18 1 Quebec till & glaciofluvial mixed forest 2 Exploratory deposits

Strongly rolling plain Sandy to loamy, Productive E 4 1 British Columbia noncalcareous glacial coniferous forest 2 Exploratory till, glaciofluvial deposits & colluvium

Strongly rolling plain Sandy & loamy Productive C 20 1 Quebec glacial till coniferous forest 2 Exploratory Improved pasture & forage Strongly rolling plain Loamy glacial till Productive B 19, 20 1 New Brunswick & glaciofluvial mixed forest 2 Exploratory deposits

Hilly, strongly dissected Loamy glacial till Productive C 20 1 Quebec peneplain coniferous forest 2 Schematic

Rolling hills Stony, loamy glacial Productive C, D 18, 19 1 Quebec till coniferous forest 2 Schematic

Undulating plain Stony, loamy glacial Nonproductive D, C 21, 22 1 Labrador till coniferous forest 2 Schematic D : DOMINANTLY PODZOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

D3 1 Orthic 409 1 Cordilleran 3 .1-3 .2 34 Humo-Ferric (1 059) Coastal Lowlands Cryoboreal, (Po2-2a) Podzol 2 Queen Charlotte cold to 2 Fibrisol Lowland moderately cold 3 Orthic Gleysol 4 0-200 Mm Maritime Orthic (0-60) influence Ferro-Humic d Perhumid Podzol c Subaquic inclusions D3 1 Orthic 266 1 Cordilleran 4.1-3 .2 35 Humo-Ferric (689) 2 Vancouver Island Boreal, cool to (Po2-2a) Podzol Ranges Cryoboreal, 2 Fibrisol 3 Nahwitti Lowland moderately cold 3 Orthic Gleysol, 4 0-1,000 Mm Maritime Orthic (0-300) influence Ferro-Humic d Perhumid Podzol c Subaquic inclusions D3 1 Orthic 759 1 Interior Plains 3.1-3 .2 36 Humo-Ferric (1966) 2 Manitoba Plain Cryoboreal, (Po2-1a) Podzol 3 Bow River Plain cold to 3 Fibrisol, Orthic Lac La Range moderately cold Dystric Brunisol Lowland e Humid 4 1,200-1,500 c Subaquic (370-460) inclusions D3 1 Orthic 138 1 Interior Plains 3.1-3 .2 37 Humo-Ferric (357) 2 Saskatchewan Cryoboreal, (Po2-1a) Podzol Plain cold to 2 Fibrisol, Orthic 3 White Swan moderately cold Dystric Brunisol Upland e Humid 4 1,800-2,000 c Subaquic (550-610) inclusions D3 1 Orthic 1,874 1 Laurentian 3 .1-3 .2 38 Humo-Ferric (4853) 2 Melville Plain Cryoboreal, (Po2-1a) Podzol 4 100-200 cold to 2 Fibrisol (30-60) moderately cold d Perhumid c Subaquic inclusions D3 1 Orthic 5,104 1 Laurentian, 3.2 Cryoboreal, 39 Humo-Ferric (13219) St . Lawrence moderately cold (Po2-1a) Podzol Lowlands d Perhumid 2 Fibrisol 2 Laurentian c Subaquic Highlands inclusions East St . Lawrence Lowland 4 100-600 (30-180) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating plain Loamy, noncalcareous Productive D3 1 British Columbia glacial till coniferous 2 Schematic & glaciomarine upland forest, deposits nonproductive coniferous lowland forest

Gently undulating plain Loamy, noncalcareous Productive C5 1 British Columbia glacial till coniferous 2 Schematic & glaciofluvial upland forest deposits

Undulating plain Sandy glaciofluvial Productive D 10 1 Saskatchewan deposits & alluvium coniferous 2 Exploratory upland forest, nonproductive coniferous lowland forest Outdoor recreation Undulating plain Sandy glaciofluvial Productive mixed D10 1 Saskatchewan & alluvial-lacustrine upland forest, 2 Exploratory deposits nonproductive coniferous lowland forest

Undulating plain Sandy glaciofluvial Productive D 21 1 Quebec deposits coniferous 2 Schematic upland forest, nonproductive lowland forest

Undulating plain Sandy glacial till Productive C 19, 20, 21, 22 1 Quebec & glaciofluvial coniferous forest 2 Exploratory deposits Improved pasture & forage D : DOMINANTLY PODZOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

D3 1 Orthic 2,140 1 Laurentian 3.2 Cryoboreal, 40 Humo-Ferric (5542) 2 Laurentian moderately cold (Po2-1a) Podzol Highlands d Perhumid 2 Fibrisol 3 Saguenay c Subaquic 4 300-500 inclusions (90-150)

D3 1 Orthic 22,366 1 James 3.2 Cryoboreal, 41 Humo-Ferric (57926) Laurentian moderately cold (Po2-1a) Podzol 2 Abitibi Upland d Perhumid 2 Fibrisol Laurentian c Subaquic Highlands inclusions 4 800-1,600 (240-490) D3 1 Orthic 838 1 James 3.2 Cryoboreal, 42 Humo-Ferric (2170) 2 Eastmain Lowland moderately cold (Po2-1a) Podzol 4 800-1,200 d Perhumid 2 Fibrisol (240-370) c Subaquic inclusions D3 1 Orthic Stony 25,301 1 Kazan 3.1 Cryoboreal, 43 Humo-Ferric (65527) 2 Athabasca Plain cold (Po2-1b) Podzol 4 1,500-2,100 e Humid 2 Fibrisol (460-640) c Subaquic 3 Orthic Dystric inclusions Brunisol D3 1 Orthic Rocky 424 1 Laurentian 5.1 Mesic, mild 44 H umo-Ferric (1098) 2 Laurentian e Humid (Po2-1/2b) Podzol Highlands c Subaquic 2 Fibrisol 4 600-800 inclusions 3 Rockland (180-240) D3 1 Orthic 493 1 Cordilleran 3.1-3 .2 45 Humo-Ferric (1 277) Coastal Lowlands Cryoboreal, (Po2-2a) Podzol 2 Queen Charlotte cold to 2 Fibrisol Lowland moderately cold 3 Orthic Gleysol 4 0-500 Mm Maritime Orthic (0-150) influence Ferro-Humic d Perhumid Podzol c Subaquic inclusions D3 1 Orthic 1,173 1 Cordilleran 3.1 Cryoboreal, 46 Humo-Ferric (3038) 2 Northern Rocky cold (Poll-la) Podzol Mt . Trench ef Humid to 3 Orthic Dystric 3 Parsnip Valley subhumid Brunisol 4 2,000-2,500 Orthic Gray (610-760) Luvisol Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating plain Sandy, noncalcareous Productive mixed C19 1 Quebec lacustrine upland forest, 2 Soil survey & glaciofluvial nonproductive deposits coniferous lowland forest Improved pasture & forage Undulating plain Sandy glacial till Productive C 17, 18 1 Quebec & glaciofluvial coniferous 2 Schematic deposits upland forest, nonproductive lowland forest

Undulating plain Sandy, noncalcareous Productive C18 1 Quebec glacial till coniferous forest 2 Schematic & glaciofluvial deposits

Strongly rolling plain Sandy, stony glacial Nonproductive E9,10 1 Saskatchewan till & glaciofluvial coniferous forest 2 Exploratory deposits

Strongly rolling plain Sandy & loamy Nonproductive B17 1 Ontario weakly calcareous coniferous forest 2 Soil survey thin glacial till, Woodland grazing Rockland (igneous, Improved pasture metamorphic) & forage Undulating plain Loamy, noncalcareous Nonproductive D3,4 1 British Columbia glacial till coniferous 2 Schematic & glaciofluvial lowland forest, deposits productive upland forest

Undulating plain Sandy, weakly Productive D6 1 British Columbia calcareous glacial till coniferous forest 2 Exploratory & glaciofluvial Reservoir deposits D : DOMINANTLY PODZOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

D3 1 Orthic 1,208 1 Appalachian 4.2 Boreal, 47 Humo-Ferric (3128) 2 Nova Scotia moderately cool (Po11-2bc) Podzol Highlands d Perhumid 2 Orthic Dystric 3 Cobequid Mts . Brunisol Antigonish 3 Cumulic Regosol Highlands Orthic Gleysol 4 600-1,200 (180-370) D3 1 Orthic 2,830 1 Appalachian 4.2 Boreal, 48 Humo-Ferric (7329) 2 New Brunswick moderately cool (Po11-2bc) Podzol Highlands d Perhumid 2 Orthic Dystric 4 0-1,200 Brunisol (0-370) D3 1 Orthic 1,129 1 Appalachian 5.1 Mesic, mild 49 H umo-Ferric (2924) 2 Atlantic Uplands Mm Maritime (Poll-1/2b) Podzol of Nova Scotia influence 2 Orthic Dystric 3 Atlantic Peneplain d Perhumid Brunisol 4 0-400 3 Orthic Gleysol (0-120) D3 1 Orthic 967 1 Cordilleran 3.1-3 .2 50 Humo-Ferric (2 504) Central Plateau & Cryoboreal, (Poll 1-2b) Podzol Mountain Area cold to 2 Orthic Dystric 2 Nass Basin, moderately cold Brunisol Hazelton Mts . fe Subhumid 3 Orthic Gleysol 4 300-2,500 to humid (90-760) D3 1 Orthic 2,308 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 51 Humo-Ferric (2977) Kazan cold (Po4-1 b) Podzol 2 Saskatchewan fe Subhumid 2 Degraded Dystric Plain to humid Brunisol Athabasca Plain 3 Orthic Regosol 4 700-1,500 Orthic Gleysol (210-460) D3 1 Orthic 2,091 1 Kazan 3.1 Cryoboreal, 52 Humo-Ferric (5415) 2 Athabasca Plain cold (Po4-1 b) Podzol 4 700-1,000 fe Subhumid 2 Degraded Dystric (210-300) to humid Brunisol 3 Orthic Regosol D3 1 Ortho Stony 8,088 1 Appalachian 5.1 Mesic, mild 53 H umo-Ferric (20947) 2 Atlantic Uplands Mm Maritime (Po13-1/2b) Podzol of Nova Scotia influence 2 Orthic Gleysol 3 Atlantic Peneplain d Perhumid 3 Fibrisol 4 50-500 c Subaquic Cumulic Regosol (20-150) inclusions Orthic Ferro-Humic Podzol Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Rolling to strongly Loamy glacial till Productive B 20, 21 1 Nova Scotia rolling hills & glaciofluvial mixed forest 2 Soil survey deposits Woodland grazing Improved pasture & forage

Rolling to strongly Loamy glacial till Productive B 20 1 New Brunswick rolling hills & glaciofluvial mixed forest 2 Soil survey deposits Field crops Improved pasture & forage Undulating & rolling Sandy & loamy Productive B 20 1 Nova Scotia noncalcareous glacial mixed forest 2 Soil survey till & glaciofluvial Field crops deposits Improved pasture & forage

Rolling plain Loamy, noncalcareous Productive D 4 1 British Columbia glacial till coniferous forest 2 Exploratory & glaciofluvial deposits

Undulating plain Sandy aeolian Nonproductive E 9 1 Alberta deposits & alluvium coniferous forest 2 Exploratory

Strongly rolling plain Sandy, glaciofluvial Nonproductive E 9, 10 1 Saskatchewan & aeolian deposits coniferous forest 2 Exploratory Barren nonvegetated sands

Rolling plain Loamy, stony glacial Productive A, B 20, 21 1 Nova Scotia till mixed forest 2 Soil survey Field crops Improved pasture & forage D : DOMINANTLY PODZOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

D3 1 Orthic 766 1 Appalachian 4.1 Boreal, cool 54 Humo-Ferric (1984) 2 Maritime Plain Mm Maritime (Po13-1/2b) Podzol 3 Prince Edward influence 3 Orthic Gleysol Island d Perhumid 4 50-500 c Subaquic (20-150) inclusions D3 1 Orthic 532 1 Appalachian 4.2 Boreal, 55 H umo- Ferric (1378) 2 Eastern Quebec moderately cool (Po13-1b) Podzol Uplands d Perhumid 2 Orthic Gleysol 4 600-1,400 c Subaquic (180-430) inclusions D3 1 Orthic 24 1 Appalachian 4.2 Boreal, 56 Humo-Ferric (62) 2 Eastern Quebec moderately cool (Po13-1 b) Podzol Uplands d Perhumid 2 Orthic Gleysol 4 200-2,000 c Subaquic (60-610) inclusions

D3 1 Orthic Stony 4,715 1 Laurentian 3.2 Cryoboreal, 57 H umo-Ferric Rocky (12211) 2 Hamilton Plateau moderately cold (Po13-1a) Podzol 4 500-1,200 d Perhumid 2 Orthic Gleysol (150-370) b Aquic 3 Fibrisol inclusions Rockland D3 1 Orthic 612 1 St . Lawrence 4.2 Boreal, 58 Humo-Ferric (1 585) Lowlands moderately cool (Po13-1a) Podzol 2 Central d Perhumid 2 Orthic Gleysol St. Lawrence c Subaquic 3 Fibrisol Lowland inclusions 4 200-400 (60-120) D3 1 Orthic 5,188 1 Appalachian 3.2 Cryoboreal, 59 Humo-Ferric (13436) 2 Newfoundland moderately cold (Po13-1/2a) Podzol Central Lowland Mm Maritime 2 Orthic Gleysol 4 400-800 influence 3 Cumulic Regosol (120-240) d Perhumid Orthic c Subaquic Ferro-Humic inclusions Podzol D3 1 Orthic 3,512 1 St . Lawrence 4.1 Boreal, cool 60 H umo-Ferric (9096) Lowlands d Perhumid (Po13-2a) Podzol 2 East St . Lawrence c Subaquic 2 Orthic Gleysol Lowland inclusions 3 Fibrisol 4 0-1,000 (0-300) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Rolling plain Sandy to loamy Improved pasture B21 1 Prince Edward glacial till & forage Island 2 Soil survey

Strongly rolling Sandy, weakly Field crops B18 1 Quebec to noncalcareous Improved pasture 2 Soil survey glacial till & forage & glaciofluvial Productive deposits mixed forest Strongly rolling Sandy, weakly Field crops B18 1 Quebec to noncalcareous Improved pasture 2 Soil survey glacial till & forage Productive hardwood upland forest, nonproductive coniferous lowland forest Undulating plain Stony, sandy glacial Nonproductive D21,22 1 Labrador till & glaciofluvial coniferous 2 Soil survey deposits upland forest, Local bedrock productive (igneous, coniferous metamorphic) lowland forest Undulating plain Sandy, noncalcareous Field crops B 18, 19 1 Quebec lacustrine Improved pasture 2 Exploratory & glaciofluvial & forage deposits

Undulating plain Sandy & loamy Productive C 22, 23 1 Newfoundland glacial till coniferous forest 2 Exploratory & glaciofluvial Field crops deposits Improved pasture & forage

Undulating plain Loamy, weakly Field crops C, B 18, 19, 20 1 Quebec & noncalcareous Improved pasture 2 Exploratory lacustrine & alluvial & forage deposits, glacial till Productive mixed upland forest, productive coniferous lowland forest D : DOMINANTLY PODZOLIC SOILS-cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

D3 1 Orthic 2,175 1 Appalachian 4.1 Boreal, cool 61 Humo-Ferric (5633) 2 Maritime Plain Mm Maritime (Po13-1/2a) Podzol 4 50-300 influence 2 Orthic Gleysol (20-90) d Perhumid 3 Fibrisol c Subaquic inclusions D3 1 Orthic 941 1 Appalachian 4.1 Boreal, cool 62 Humo-Ferric (2437) 2 Maritime Plain Mn Maritime (Po13-1/2a) Podzol 3 Prince Edward influence 2 Orthic Gleysol Island e Humid 3 Fibrisol 4 200-500 c Subaquic (60-150) inclusions D3 1 Orthic Stony 8,693 1 Appalachian 3.2 Cryoboreal, 63 H umo-Ferric Rocky (22514) 2 Atlantic Uplands moderately cold (Po13-2a) Podzol of Newfoundland Mm Maritime 2 Orthic Gleysol 4 400-1,200 influence 3 Fibrisol (120-370) d Perhumid Rockland c Subaquic Orthic inclusions Ferro-H umic Podzol 03 1 Orthic Stony 402 1 Appalachian 3.1 Cryoboreal, 64 Humo-Ferric Rocky (1041) 2 Newfoundland cold (Po13-2a) Podzol Highlands d Perhumid 2 Orthic Gleysol 4 100-500 b Aquic 3 Fibrisol (30-150) inclusions Rockland

D3 1 Orthic 487 1 Appalachian 4.1 Boreal, cool 65 Humo-Ferric (1 261) 2 Maritime Plain d Perhumid (Po13-2a) Podzol 3 Prince Edward c Subaquic 2 Orthic Gleysol Island inclusions 3 Orthic Regosol 4 50-200 (20-60) D3 1 Orthic Stony 7,275 1 Appalachian 4.1-4 .2 66 Humo-Ferric Rocky (18841) 2 Eastern Quebec Boreal, cool to (Po13-2a) Podzol Uplands moderately cool 2 Orthic Gleysol 4 200-500 d Perhumid 3 Fibrisol (60-150) c Subaquic Rockland inclusions D3 1 Orthic Stony 508 1 Appalachian 4.1 Boreal, cool 67 Humo-Ferric (1 316) 2 Maritime Plain Mn Maritime (Po13-2a) Podzol 4 0-600 influence 2 Orthic Gleysol (0-180) d Perhumid 3 Fibrisol c Subaquic inclusions Physical characteristics eference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating plain Sandy & loamy Field crops B 20 1 New Brunswick glacial till & marine Improved pasture 2 Exploratory deposits & forage Productive mixed forest

Undulating plain Sandy & loamy Improved pasture B 21 1 Prince Edward glacial till & forage Island & glaciofluvial Field crops 2 Soil survey deposits Productive mixed upland & lowland forest Undulating plain Loamy glacial till Productive B, C 22, 23 1 Newfoundland & glaciofluvial coniferous 2 Schematic deposits upland forest, Rockland nonproductive (igneous, lowland forest metamorphic) Field crops Improved pasture & forage

Undulating plain Stony, loamy glacial Productive C 22 1 Newfoundland till & glaciofluvial coniferous 2 Exploratory deposits upland forest, nonproductive lowland forest Field crops Improved pasture & forage Undulating plain Loamy & sandy Field crops B 20, 21 1 Prince Edward glacial till Improved pasture Island & forage 2 Soil survey Productive mixed forest

Undulating plain Stony, loamy, Field crops B 18, 19 1 Quebec noncalcareous glacial Improved pasture 2 Soil survey till, glaciofluvial & forage & alluvial deposits Productive Rockland mixed forest (sedimentary) Undulating plain Stony, loamy, & sandy Productive B 20, 21 1 Nova Scotia glacial till coniferous forest 2 Soil survey Field crops Improved pasture & forage D : DOMINANTLY PODZOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

D3 1 Orthic Rocky 434 1 Appalachian 3.2 Cryoboreal, 68 Humo-Ferric (1 124) 2 Atlantic Uplands moderately cold (Po13-2bc) Podzol of Newfoundland Mm Maritime 2 Orthic Gfeysol 4 100-600 influence 3 Fibrisol (30-180) d Perhumid Orthic Humic c Subaquic Podzol inclusions Rockland D3 1 Orthic Rocky 2,723 1 Appalachian 3.2 Cryoboreal, 69 Humo-Ferric (7052) 2 Atlantic Uplands moderately cold (Po13-2b) Podzol of Newfoundland Mm Maritime 2 Orthic Gleysol 4 100-900 influence 3 Fibrisol (30-270) d Perhumid Orthic Humic c Subaquic Podzol inclusions Rockland D3 1 Orthic Stony 2,501 1 Appalachian 3.1 Cryoboreal, 70 Humo-Ferric (6477) 2 Newfoundland cold (Po13-2b) Podzol Highlands d Perhumid 2 Orthic Gleysol 4 200-1,500 c Subaquic 3 Fibrisol (60-460) inclusions Orthic Humic Podzol Rockland D3 1 Orthic Stony 8,386 1 Appalachian 3.1 Cryoboreal, 71 Humo-Ferric Rocky (21719) 2 Atlantic Uplands cold (Po13-2b) Podzol of Newfoundland d Perhumid 2 Orthic Newfoundland b Aquic Ferro-Humic Highlands inclusions Podzol 4 800-1,500 Orthic Gleysol (240-460) 3 Fibrisol Rockland D3 1 Orthic 5,622 1 Appalachian 4.1-4 .2 72 Humo-Ferric (14560) 2 Chaleur Uplands Boreal, cool to (Po13-2b) Podzol New Brunswick moderately cool 2 Orthic Highlands d Perhumid Ferro-Humic Maritime Plain c Subaquic Podzol 4 400-1,000 inclusions Orthic Gleysol (120-300) 3 Cumulic Regosol D3 1 Orthic Stony 937 1 Appalachian 4.2 Boreal, 73 H umo-Ferric (2427) 2 Chaleur Uplands moderately cool (Po13-2b) Podzol 4 100-1,400 d Perhumid 2 Orthic (30-430) c Subaquic Ferro-Humic inclusions Podzol Orthic Gleysol 3 Cumulic Regosol Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Rolling to strongly Loamy & sandy Productive C 23 1 Newfoundland rolling plain glacial till, coniferous forest 2 Exploratory glaciofluvial deposits Field crops Rockland Improved pasture & forage

Rolling hills Loamy & sandy Nonproductive B, C 23 1 Newfoundland glacial till coniferous forest 2 Exploratory Field crops Improved pasture & forage

Strongly rolling hills Stony, loamy glacial Nonproductive C 22, 23 1 Newfoundland till & glaciofluvial coniferous forest 2 Exploratory deposits

Rolling hills Stony, loamy glacial Nonproductive B, C 22 1 Newfoundland till & glaciofluvial coniferous forest 2 Exploratory deposits Rockland (igneous, metamorphic)

Strong rolling plain Loamy glacial till Productive B 20 1 New Brunswick mixed forest 2 Soil survey Field crops Improved pasture & forage

Strongly rolling plain Stony, loamy Field crops 8 20 1 New Brunswick glacial till Improved pasture 2 Soil survey & forage Nonproductive coniferous forest D : DOMINANTLY PODZOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

D3 1 Orthic Stony 419 1 Appalachian 4.2 Boreal, 74 Humo-Ferric (1085) 2 Atlantic Uplands moderately cool (Po13-2b) Podzol of Nova Scotia d Perhumid 2 Orthic 3 Boisdale, b Aquic Ferro-Humic Coxheath, & East inclusions Podzol Bay Hills 3 Orthic Gleysol 4 100-700 (30-210) D3 1 Orthic Rocky 1,529 1 Appalachian 4.2 Boreal, 75 Humo-Ferric (3 960) 2 Atlantic Uplands moderately cool (Po13-2b) Podzol of Nova Scotia d Perhumid 2 Orthic 2 Nova Scotia b Aquic Ferro-Humic Highlands inclusions Podzol 4 200-800 3 Fibrisol (60-240) Orthic Gleysol Rockland D3 1 Orthic Stony 672 1 Appalachian 3.2 Cryoboreal, 76 H umo-Ferric Rocky (1 740) 2 Atlantic Uplands moderately cold (Po13-2bc) Podzol of Newfoundland d Perhumid 2 Orthic 4 300-1,000 c Subaquic Ferro-Humic (90-300) inclusions Podzol Orthic Gleysol 3 Fibrisol Rockland D3 1 Orthic Stony 1,803 1 Appalachian 3.2 Cryoboreal, 77 Humo-Ferric Rocky (4669) 2 Atlantic Uplands moderately cold (Po13-2bc) Podzol of Newfoundland Mm Maritime 2 Orthic 4 300-1,000 influence Ferro-Humic (90-300) d Perhumid Podzol c Subaquic Orthic Gleysol inclusions 3 Fibrisol Rockland D3 1 Orthic Rocky 54 1 Appalachian 4.2 Boreal, 78 Humo-Ferric (140) 2 New Brunswick moderately cool (Po13-2b) Podzol Highlands d Perhumid 2 Orthic 3 Grand Manan c Subaquic Ferro-Humic Island inclusions Podzol 4 0-400 Orthic Gleysol (0-120) 3 Fibrisol Rockland D3 1 Orthic Stony 10,735 1 Appalachian 3.1 Cryoboreal, 79 Humo-Ferric Rocky (27802) 2 Newfoundland cold (Po13-2c) Podzol Highlands d Perhumid 2 Orthic Gleysol 3 Long Range Mts. b Aquic 3 Fibrisol 4 100-2,000 inclusions Rockland (30-610) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Strongly rolling hills Stony, loamy Productive mixed B 21 1 Nova Scotia glacial till upland forest, 2 Soil survey nonproductive coniferous lowland forest

Strongly rolling plain Loamy glacial till Productive B 21 1 Nova Scotia & glaciofluvial mixed forest 2 Soil survey deposits Improved pasture Rockland & forage (sedimentary) Woodland grazing

Strongly rolling hills Stony, loamy Field crops B, C 23 1 Newfoundland glacial till Improved pasture 2 Soil survey Rockland & forage (sedimentary) Nonproductive coniferous forest

Strongly rolling plain Stony, loamy & sandy Field crops B 23 1 Newfoundland glacial till Improved pasture 2 Soil survey Rockland & forage (sedimentary) Nonproductive coniferous forest

Rolling plain Loamy glacial till Field crops B 20 1 New Brunswick & glaciofluvial Improved pasture 2 Soil survey deposits & forage Rockland Productive (igneous, coniferous forest metamorphic)

Rolling to steep hills Stony, loamy glacial Nonproductive C,B22 1 Newfoundland till coniferous forest 2 Soil survey Rockland (igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary) D : DOMINANTLY PODZOLIC SOILS - cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

D3 1 Orthic Stony 381 1 Appalachian 3.1 Cryoboreal, 80 Humo-Ferric Rocky (987) 2 Atlantic Uplands cold (Po13-2c) Podzol of Newfoundland d Perhumid 2 Orthic Gleysol 4 1,000-1,600 b Aquic 3 Fibrisol (300-490) inclusions Rockland D3 1 Orthic Rocky 476 1 Appalachian 3.2 Cryoboreal, 81 Humo-Ferric (1 233) 2 Atlantic Uplands moderately cold (Po13-2b) Podzol of Newfoundland Mm Maritime 2 Orthic Gleysol 4 800-1,200 influence 3 Fibrisol (240-370) d Perhumid Rockland b Aquic inclusions D3 1 Orthic Stony 5,602 1 Appalachian 3.2 Cryoboreal, 82 Humo-Ferric Rocky (14509) 2 New Brunswick moderately cold (Poll 3-2bc) Podzol Highlands d Perhumid 2 Orthic Gleysol 4 900-2,500 d Aquic 3 Fibrisol (270-760) inclusions Rockland D3 1 Orthic Stony 1,859 1 Appalachian 4.2 Boreal, 83 Humo-Ferric Rocky (4815) 2 Nova Scotia moderately cool (Po13-2bc) Podzol Highlands d Perhumid 2 Orthic Gleysol 3 Cape Breton c Subaquic 3 Fibrisol Island inclusions Rockland 4 100-1,700 Orthic (30-520) Ferro-Humic Podzol D3 1 Orthic Stony 582 1 Appalachian 4.1 Boreal, cool 84 Humo-Ferric Rocky (1 507) 2 Sutton Mts . d Perhumid (Po15-1c) Podzol 4 500-3,600 c Subaquic 2 Orthic Gleysol (150-1 100) inclusions Rockland D3 1 Orthic Stony 53,990 1 Kazan 3.1 Cryoboreal, 85 Humo-Ferric Rocky (139 829) 2 Kazan Upland cold (Po3-1b) Podzol 4 1,400-1,800 e Humid 2 Fibrisol (430-550) b Aquic Rockland inclusions 3 Orthic Dystric Brunisol D3 1 Orthic Stony 2,485 1 Appalachian 3.1 Cryoboreal, 86 Humo-Ferric Rocky (6436) 2 Newfoundland cold (Poll 3-2a) Podzol Central Lowland Mm Maritime 2 Orthic Gleysol 4 100-500 influence 3 Fibrisol (30-150) d Perhumid Rockland b Aquic inclusions Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Rolling to steep hills Stony, loamy glacial Nonproductive B 22 1 Newfoundland till coniferous forest 2 Schematic Rockland (igneous, sedimentary)

Strongly rolling hills Loamy glacial till Nonproductive B 23 1 Newfoundland Rockland coniferous forest 2 Schematic (igneous, sedimentary)

Strongly rolling to steep Stony, loamy & sandy Productive B 20 1 New Brunswick hills glacial till mixed forest 2 Exploratory Rockland (sedimentary)

Rolling to steep hills Stony, loamy glacial Productive mixed B21 1 Nova Scotia till upland forest, 2 Soil survey nonproductive coniferous lowland forest Field crops (mixed grains) Improved pasture & forage Mountainous Stony, sandy & loamy Productive B 18, 19 1 Quebec glacial till mixed forest 2 Soil survey Improved pasture & forage Field crops Strongly rolling plain Stony, sandy glacial Productive D, E 9, 10, 11, 12 1 Saskatchewan till & glaciofluvial coniferous Manitoba deposits upland forest, 2 Exploratory Rockland nonproductive (igneous, coniferous metamorphic) lowland forest Outdoor recreation Undulating plain Stony, loamy glacial Nonproductive C 22, 23 1 Newfoundland till & glaciofluvial coniferous forest 2 Exploratory deposits & marsh Rough grazing D : DOMINANTLY PODZOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

D3 1 Orthic Stony 690 1 Appalachian 4.2 Boreal, 87 Humo-Ferric Rocky (1 787) 2 Atlantic Uplands moderately cool (Po12-2a) Podzol of Nova Scotia d Perhumid 2 Orthic Gleysol 4 50-400 c Subaquic Rockland (20-120) inclusions

D3 1 Orthic Stony 449 1 Appalachian 3.2 Cryoboreal, 88 Humo-Ferric (1 163) 2 Atlantic Uplands moderately cold (Po13-2a) Podzol of Newfoundland d Perhumid 2 Orthic Gleysol 3 Burin Peninsula c Subaquic 3 Fibrisol 4 600-1,000 inclusions Orthic (180-300) Ferro-Humic Podzol D3 1 Orthic Rocky 78 1 Cordilleran 3.1 Cryoboreal, 89 Humo-Ferric (202) Coastal Lowlands cold (Po10-2b) Podzol 3 Pearce Island de Perhumid 2 Rockland 4 0-2,900 to humid (0-880) D3 1 Orthic Rocky 173 1 Cordilleran 3.1 Cryoboreal, 90 Humo-Ferric (443) 2 Coastal Lowlands cold (Po10-2b) Podzol 3 Porcher Island de Perhumid 2 Rockland 4 0-2,900 to humid (0-880) D3 1 Orthic Rocky 413 1 Cordilleran 3.1-3.2 91 Humo-Ferric (1070) 2 Hecate Lowland Cryoboreal, (Po10-1/2c) Podzol 3 Pitt Island cold to 2 Rockland 4 0-3,700 moderately cold (0-1 130) Mx Mountain influence d Perhumid D3 1 Orthic Rocky 266 1 Cordilleran 3.1-3 .2 92 Humo-Ferric (689) 2 Hecate Lowland Cryoboreal, (Po10-2b) Podzol 3 Banks Island cold to 2 Rockland 4 0-1,000 moderately cold (0-300) Mx Mountain influence d Perhumid D3 1 Orthic Rocky 714 1 Cordilleran 3.1-3 .2 93 Humo-Ferric (1 849) 2 Queen Charlotte Cryoboreal, (Po10-2b) Podzol Ranges cold to 2 Rockland 3 Skidegate Plateau moderately cold 3 Orthic 4 0-3,500 Mm Mt. Maritime & Ferro-Humic (0-1 070) mountain Podzol influences d Perhumid Physical char acteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating to rolling plain Stony, loamy glacial Productive mixed B 21, 22 1 Nova Scotia till & glaciofluvial upland forest, 2 Soil survey deposits nonproductive Rockland coniferous (sedimentary) lowland forest Improve pasture & forage Field crops Undulating to rolling plain Stony, loamy glacial Nonproductive B 23 1 Newfoundland till & glaciofluvial coniferous forest 2 Soil survey deposits Marshland Improved pasture & forage Rough grazing

Strongly rolling plain Loamy & sandy, Productive D 4 1 British Columbia noncalcareous coniferous forest 2 Schematic glacial till Rockland (igneous, metamorphic) Strongly rolling plain Loamy glacial till Productive D 4 1 British Columbia Rockland coniferous forest 2 Schematic (igneous, metamorphic)

Strongly rolling plain Sandy to loamy, Productive D 4 1 British Columbia noncalcareous coniferous forest 2 Schematic glacial till Rockland (igneous, metamorphic)

Strongly rolling plain Loamy to sandy, Productive D 4 1 British Columbia noncalcareous coniferous forest 2 Schematic glacial till Rockland (igneous, metamorphic)

Strongly rolling plain Loamy, noncalcareous Productive D 3 1 British Columbia glacial till coniferous forest 2 Schematic Rockland (igneous, metamorphic) D : DOMINANTLY PODZOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

D3 1 Orthic Rocky 217 1 Cordilleran 3.1-3 .2 94 Humo-Ferric (562) 2 Queen Charlotte Cryoboreal, (Poll 0-2b) Podzol Ranges cold to 2 Rockland 4 0-3,500 moderately cold 3 Orthic (0-1 070) Mm Mt Maritime & Ferro-Humic mountain Podzol influences d Perhumid D3 1 Orthic Rocky 162 1 Cordilleran 3.1-3.2 95 Humo-Ferric (419) 2 Hecate Lowland Cryoboreal, (Po10-1/2b) Podzol 3 Aristazabal Island cold to 2 Rockland 4 0-1,200 moderately cold 3 Orthic (0-370) Mm Maritime Ferro-Humic influence Podzol d Perhumid D3 1 Orthic Stony 6,539 1 Cordilleran 3.1-3 .2 96 H umo-Ferric Rocky (16935) 2 Coast Mountain Cryoboreal, (Poll 0-1/2c) Podzol Area cold to 2 Rockland 3 Kitimat Ranges moderately cold 3 Orthic 4 0-7,500 Mm, Mx Ferro-Humic (0-2290) Maritime & Podzol mountain influences d Perhumid D3 1 Orthic Rocky 110 1 Cordilleran 3.1-3.2 97 Humo-Ferric (285) 2 Hecate Lowland Cryoboreal, (Po10-1/2b) Podzol 3 Swindle Island cold to 2 Rockland 4 0-1,200 moderately cold 3 Orthic (0-370) Mm Maritime Ferro-Humic influence Podzol d Perhumid D3 1 Orthic Rocky 64 1 Cordilleran 3.1-3 .2 98 Humo-Ferric (166) 2 Hecate Lowland Cryoboreal, (Po10-1/2b) Podzol 3 Price Island cold to 2 Rockland 4 0-1,200 moderately cold 3 Orthic (0-370) Mm Maritime Ferro-Humic influence Podzol d Perhumid D3 1 Orthic Stony 552 1 Cordilleran 3.1-3.2 99 Humo-Ferric Rocky (1430) 2 Queen Charlotte Cryoboreal, (Po10-2c) Podzol Ranges cold to 2 Rockland 3 Graham Island moderately cold 3 Orthic 4 0-2,800 Mm Maritime Ferro-Humic (0-850) influence Podzol d Perhumid Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Strongly rolling plain Loamy, noncalcareous Productive D 3, 4 1 British Columbia glacial till coniferous forest 2 Schematic Rockland (sedimentary)

Strongly rolling plain Loamy & sandy, Productive D 4 1 British Columbia noncalcareous coniferous forest 2 Schematic glacial till Rockland (igneous, metamorphic)

Steeply sloping mountains Stony, sandy & loamy, Productive D 4,5 1 British Columbia noncalcareous coniferous forest 2 Schematic glacial till & colluvium Rockland (igneous, metamorphic)

Strongly rolling plain Loamy & sandy, Productive D 4 1 British Columbia noncalcareous coniferous forest 2 Schematic glacial till Rockland (igneous, metamorphic)

Steeply sloping mountains Stony, loamy, Productive D 3 1 British Columbia noncalcareous coniferous forest 2 Schematic glacial till Rockland (igneous) D : DOMINANTLY PODZOLIC SOILS - cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

D3 1 Orthic Stony 858 1 Cordilleran 3.1-3 .2 100 Humo-Ferric Rocky (2222) 2 Queen Charlotte Cryoboreal, (Poll 0-2c) Podzol Ranges cold to 2 Rockland 3 Moresby Island moderately cold 3 Orthic 4 0-3,500 Mm, Mx Ferro-Humic (0-1 070) Maritime & Podzol mountain influences d Perhumid D3 1 Orthic Rocky 64 1 Cordilleran 3.1-3 .2 101 H umo-Ferric (166) 2 Hecate Lowland Cryoboreal, (Po10-1/2c) Podzol 3 Campania Island cold to 2 Rockland 4 0-2,000 moderately cold 3 Orthic (0-610) Mm Maritime Ferro-Humic influence Podzol d Perhumid D3 1 Orthic Stony 78 1 Cordilleran 3.1-3 .2 102 Humo-Ferric Rocky (202) 2 Hecate Lowland Cryoboreal, (Po10-1/2c) Podzol 3 Hawksbury Island cold to 2 Rockland 4 0-3,000 moderately cold 3 Orthic (0-910) Mm Maritime Ferro-Humic influence Podzol d Perhumid D3 1 Orthic Stony 720 1 Cordilleran 3.1-3.2 103 Humo-Ferric Rocky (1 865) 2 Hecate Lowland Cryoboreal, (Po10-1/2c) Podzol 3 Prince Royal cold to 2 Rockland Island moderately cold 3 Orthic 4 0-4,000 Mm, Mx Ferro-H umic (0-2120) Maritime & Podzol mountain influences d Perhumid D3 1 Orthic Stony 4,177 1 Cordilleran 3.1-3 .2 105 Humo-Ferric Rocky (10818) 2 Coast Mountains Cryoboreal, (Po10-1/2c) Podzol 3 Kitimat Ranges cold to 2 Rockland 4 0-7,800 moderately cold 3 Orthic Regosol (0-2380) Mm, Mx Maritime & mountain influences d Perhumid D3 1 Orthic Stony 19,653 1 Cordilleran 3.1 Cryoboreal, 106 Humo-Ferric Rocky (50899) Southern Plateau cold (Po10-2c) Podzol & Mountain Area Mx Mountain 2 Rockland 2 Columbia influence 3 Alpine Dystric Highlands & fe Subhumid Brunisol Mountains to humid Orthic 4 1,400-1,800 Ferro-Humic (430-550) Podzol

D : DOMINANTLY PODZOLIC SOILS - cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

D3 1 Orthic Stony 1,144 1 Cordilleran 3.1-3 .2 107 Humo-Ferric Rocky (2963) 2 Coast Mountains Cryoboreal, (Po10-1/2c) Podzol Hecate Lowland cold to 2 Rockland 3 Kitimat Ranges moderately cold 3 Orthic 4 0-5,000 Mm, Mx Ferro-Humic (0-1 520) Maritime & Podzol mountain influences d Perhumid D3 1 Orthic Stony 242 1 Cordilleran 3.1-3 .2 108 H umo-Ferric Rocky (628) 2 Hecate Lowland Cryoboreal, (Po10-1/2c) Podzol Coast Mountains cold to 2 Rockland 3 King Island moderately cold 3 Orthic 4 0-3,000 Mm, Mx Ferro-Humic (0-910) Maritime & Podzol mountain influences d Perhumid

D3 1 Orthic Rocky 40 1 Cordilleran 3.1-3 .2 109 Humo-Ferric (104) 2 Hecate Lowland Cryoboreal, (Po10-1/2b) Podzol 3 Denny Island cold to 2 Rockland 4 0-3,000 moderately cold 3 Orthic (0-910) Mm, Mx Ferro-Humic Maritime & Podzol mountain influences d Perhumid D3 1 Orthic Stony 2,702 1 Cordilleran 3.1-3 .2 110 Humo-Ferric Rocky (6998) 2 Coast Mountains Cryoboreal, (Po10-1/2c) Podzol 3 Pacific Ranges cold to 2 Rockland Georgia Lowland moderately cold 3 Orthic 4 0-5,000 Mm, Mx Ferro-Humic (0-1 520) Maritime & Podzol mountain influences d Perhumid

D3 1 Orthic Stony 2,713 1 Cordilleran 3.1-3 .2 111 Humo-Ferric Rocky (7026) Coastal Lowlands Cryoboreal, (Po10-1/2c) Podzol 2 Georgia Lowland cold to 2 Rockland 4 0-4,000 moderately cold 3 Orthic (0-1 220) d Perhumid Ferro-Humic Podzol D3 1 Orthic Rocky 127 1 Cordilleran 3.1-3.2 112 Humo-Ferric (329) 2 Hecate Lowland Cryoboreal, (Po10-1/2b) Podzol 3 Calvert Island cold to 2 Rockland 4 0-3,000 moderately cold 3 Orthic (0-910) Mm, Mx Ferro-H umic Maritime & Podzol mountain influences d Perhumid Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Steeply sloping Stony, loamy to sandy, Productive C, D 5 1 British Columbia mountains noncalcareous coniferous forest 2 Schematic glacial till Rockland (igneous, metamorphic)

Steeply sloping Stony, loamy Productive D 5 1 British Columbia mountains to sandy, coniferous forest 2 Schematic noncalcareous glacial till & colluvium Rockland (igneous, metamorphic)

Strongly rolling plain Loamy & sandy Productive C 4,5 1 British Columbia glacial till, coniferous forest 2 Schematic Rockland (igneous, metamorphic)

Steeply sloping Stony, sandy Productive C 5 1 British Columbia mountains & loamy glacial till coniferous forest 2 Schematic Rockland (igneous, metamorphic)

Steeply sloping Stony, sandy Productive C 5 1 British Columbia mountains & loamy glacial till coniferous forest 2 Schematic & colluvium Rockland (igneous, metamorphic)

Strongly rolling plain Loamy & sandy Productive C 4, 5 1 British Columbia glacial till coniferous forest 2 Schematic Rockland (igneous, metamorphic) D : DOMINANTLY PODZOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

D3 1 Orthic Rocky 389 1 Cordilleran 3.1-3 .2 113 Humo-Ferric (1 007) Coastal Lowlands Cryoboreal, (Po10-1/2ac) Podzol 2 Georgia Lowland cold to 2 Rockland 4 0-3,000 moderately cold 3 Orthic (0-910) Mm, Mx Ferro-Humic Maritime & Podzol mountain influences d Perhumid D3 1 Orthic Stony 5,844 1 Cordilleran 3.1 Cryoboreal, 114 Humo-Ferric Rocky (15135) 2 Coast Mountains cold (Po10-1/2c) Podzol 3 Pacific Ranges e Humid 2 Rockland 4 1,000-9,000 3 Orthic Regosol (300-2740) D3 1 Orthic Rocky 140 1 Cordilleran 3 .1-3 .2 115 Humo-Ferric (362) 2 Hecate Lowland Cryoboreal, (Po10-1/2b) Podzol 3 Hunter Island cold to 2 Rockland 4 0-3,000 moderately cold 3 Orthic (0-910) Mm, Mx Ferro-Humic Maritime & Podzol mountain influences d Perhumid D3 1 Orthic Stony 1,036 1 Cordilleran 3.1-3 .2 116 Humo-Ferric Rocky (2683) 2 Coast Mountains Cryoboreal, (Po10-1/2c) Podzol 3 Pacific Ranges cold to 2 Rockland 4 0-6,000 moderately cold 3 Orthic (0-1 830) Mm, Mx Ferro-Humic Maritime & Podzol mountain influences d Perhumid D3 1 Orthic Stony 2,922 1 Cordilleran 3.1-3 .2 117 Humo-Ferric Rocky (7568) 2 Coast Mountains Cryoboreal, (Po10-1/2c) Podzol 4 0-7,500 cold to 2 Rockland (0-2290) moderately cold 3 Orthic Mm, Mx Ferro-Humic Maritime & Podzol mountain influences d Perhumid D3 1 Orthic Rocky 2,391 1 Laurentian 3.2-4 .1 120 Humo-Ferric (6192) 2 Laurentian Cryoboreal, (Po10-1a) Podzol Highlands moderately cold 2 Rockland 4 1,400-1,800 to Boreal, cool (430-550) d Perhumid

D3 1 Orthic Rocky 2,042 1 James 4.1 Boreal, cool 121 Humo-Ferric (5288) 2 Abitibi Upland d Perhumid (Po10-1a) Podzol 4 800-1,200 2 Rockland (240-370) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating to steeply Loamy & sandy Productive C5 1 British Columbia sloping plain glacial till coniferous forest 2 Schematic Rockland (igneous, metamorphic)

Steeply sloping Stony, sandy Productive C6 1 British Columbia mountains & loamy glacial till coniferous forest 2 Schematic & colluvium

Strongly rolling plain Loamy & sandy Productive C4,5 1 British Columbia glacial till coniferous forest 2 Schematic Rockland (igneous, metamorphic)

Steeply sloping Stony, sandy Productive C 5, 6 1 British Columbia mountains to loamy glacial till coniferous forest 2 Schematic & colluvium Rockland (igneous, metamorphic)

Steeply sloping Stony, sandy Productive C6 1 British Columbie mountains & loamy glacial till coniferous forest 2 Schematic & colluvium Rockland (igneous, metamorphic)

Undulating plain Sandy glacial till Productive C18 1 Quebec & glaciofluvial coniferous forest 2 Schematic deposits Field crops Rockland Improved pasture (igneous, & forage metamorphic)

Undulating plain Sandy glaciofluvial Nonproductive C 17, 18 1 Quebec deposits & glacial coniferous forest 2 Schematic till, some lacustrine deposits D : DOMINANTLY PODZOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

D3 1 Orthic Rocky 508 1 James 4.2 Boreal, 122 Humo-Ferric (1 316) 2 Severn Upland moderately cool (Po10-1a) Podzol 4 1,400-1,500 fe Subhumid 2 Rockland (430-460) to humid D3 1 Orthic Rocky 197 1 James 4.2 Boreal, 123 Humo-Ferric (510) 2 Penokean Hills moderately cool (Po10-1a) Podzol 4 800-1,000 e Humid 2 Rockland (240-300)

D3 1 Orthic Rocky 3,610 1 James 3.1-3 .2 124 Humo-Ferric (9557) 2 Lake Plateau Cryoboreal, (Po10-1a) Podzol 4 2,000-2,700 cold to 2 Rockland (610-820) Subarctic, very cold d Perhumid D3 1 Orthic Stony 5,736 1 Laurentian 3.2 Cryoboreal, 125 Humo-Ferric Rocky (15011) 2 Mecatina Plateau moderately cool (Poll 0-1b) Podzol 4 1,500-1,900 d Perhumid 2 Rockland (460-580)

D3 1 Orthic Stony 102,861 1 Laurentian 3.2 Cryoboreal, 126 Humo-Ferric Rocky (266477) 2 Laurentian moderately cool (Po10-1 b) Podzol Highlands d Perhumid 2 Rockland 4 400-3,800 3 Fibrisol (120-1 160)

D3 1 Orthic Stony 2,870 1 James 3.2 Cryoboreal, 127 Humo-Ferric Rocky (7433) 2 Eastmain Lowland moderately cool (Po10-1b) Podzol 3 1,200-1,400 d Perhumid 2 Rockland (370-430) D3 1 Orthic Rocky 6,569 1 James 3.1-3 .2 128 Humo-Ferric (17013) 2 Severn Upland Cryoboreal, (Po10-1b) Podzol 4 1,200-1,500 cool to 2 Rockland (370-460) moderately cool e Humid D3 1 Orthic Rocky 794 1 James 3.2 Cryoboreal, 129 Humo-Ferric (2056) 2 Abitibi Upland moderately cool (Po10-1b) Podzol 4 1,100-1,300 d Perhumid 2 Rockland (340-400) 3 Fibrisol D3 1 Orthic Rocky 281 1 James 4.1 Boreal, cool 130 Humo-Ferric (728) 2 Abitibi Upland ed Humid to (Poll 0-1 b) Podzol 4 1,000-1,100 perhumid 2 Rockland (310-340) D3 1 Orthic Rocky 108 1 St. Lawrence 4.2 Boreal, 131 Humo-Ferric (280) Lowlands moderately cool (Po10-1b) Podzol 2 West St. Lawrence e Humid 2 Rockland Lowland 3 Orthic Eutric 3 St. Josephs Island Brunisol 4 1,100-1,200 (340-370) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating plain Sandy glacial till Productive C14 1 Ontario Rockland mixed forest 2 Exploratory (igneous, Outdoor recreation metamorphic) (park) Undulating plain Sandy glaciofluvial Productive B16 1 Ontario deposits mixed forest 2 Soil survey Rockland Field crops (igneous, Improved pasture metamorphic) & forage Strongly rolling plain Stony, sandy Nonproductive C,D18,19 1 Quebec glacial till coniferous forest 2 Schematic Rockland (igneous, metamorphic)

Strongly rolling hills Stony, sandy Nonproductive C,D22 1 Labrador glacial till coniferous forest 2 Schematic Rockland (igneous, metamorphic) Strongly rolling hills Stony, sandy glacial Productive B, C 18, 19, 20, 21 1 Quebec till, glaciofluvial coniferous forest 2 Schematic deposits & peat Rockland (igneous, metamorphic) Strongly rolling plain Stony, sandy glacial Nonproductive C 17, 18 1 Quebec till & glaciofluvial coniferous forest 2 Schematic deposits

Strongly rolling plain Sandy glacial till, Productive C,D13 1 Ontario glaciofluvial deposits coniferous forest 2 Exploratory Rockland Outdoor urban (igneous, recreation metamorphic) Strongly rolling hills Sandy glacial till, Productive C17 1 Quebec glaciofluvial mixed forest 2 Schematic deposits, & peat Rockland (igneous, metamorphic) Strongly rolling hills Sandy glacial till, Productive C15 1 Ontario Rockland mixed forest 2 Soil survey (igneous, metamorphic) Strongly rolling plain Sandy glacial till, Productive hardwood B 15, 16 1 Ontario & some lacustrine clay forest 2 Exploratory Rockland Field crops (igneous, Improved pasture metamorphic) & forage D : DOMINANTLY PODZOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

D3 1 Orthic Rocky 898 1 Laurentian 4.1 Boreal, cool 132 Humo-Ferric (2326) 2 Laurentian ed Humid to (Po10-1b) Podzol Highlands perhumid 2 Rockland 4 1,400-1,700 (430-520) D3 1 Orthic Stony 4,981 1 Appalachian 4.1 Boreal, cool 133 Humo-Ferric Rocky (12900) 2 Chaleur Uplands d Perhumid (Po10-2b) Podzol Notre Dame Mts . 2 Rockland 4 400-3,300 (120-1 010) D3 1 Orthic Rocky 1,761 1 Cordilleran 3.1 Cryoboreal, 134 Humo-Ferric (4561) 2 Coast Mountains cold (Po10-2b) Podzol 3 Boundary Ranges Mm, Mx 2 Rockland Portland Inlet Maritime to 4 0-10,000 mountain (0-3050) influence d Perhumid D3 1 Orthic Rocky 1,523 1 St . Lawrence 4.2 Boreal, 135 Humo-Ferric (3944) Lowlands moderately cool (Po10-2b) Podzol Appalachian d Perhumid 2 Rockland 2 Eastern Quebec Uplands Central St . Lawrence Lowland 4 300-500 (90-150)

D3 1 Orthic Rocky 320 1 Appalachian 4.1 Boreal, cool 136 Humo-Ferric (829) 2 Eastern Quebec d Perhumid (Po10-2b) Podzol Uplands 2 Rockland 4 1,500-2,900 (460-880) D3 1 Orthic Rocky 2,185 1 Appalachian 4.1 Boreal, cool 137 Humo-Ferric (5659) 2 Eastern Quebec d Perhumid (Po10-2b) Podzol Uplands 2 Rockland 3 Megantic Hills 4 500-1,800 (150-550) D3 1 Orthic Stony 1,119 1 Hudson 2 Subartic, 138 Humo-Ferric Rocky (2898) Kazan very cold (Po10-1a) Podzol 2 Hudson Bay e Humid 2 Orthic Humic Lowland G leyso I Kazan Upland Cryic Fibrisol 4 0-300 3 Rockland (0-90) Orthic Dystric Brunisol Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Strongly rolling plain Sandy glacial till Productive B17 1 Quebec Rockland mixed forest 2 Soil survey (sedimentary)

Strongly rolling hills Stony, loamy, weakly Productive B, C 19,20 1 Quebec calcareous glacial mixed forest 2 Exploratory till & alluvium Rockland (sedimentary) Strongly rolling Loamy glacial till Productive D4 1 British Columbia mountains & colluvium coniferous forest 2 Exploratory

Rolling plain Loamy, weakly Field crops B 18, 19 1 Quebec calcareous Improved pasture 2 Soil survey glacial till & forage Rockland Productive (sedimentary) mixed & hardwood forests

Strongly rolling plain Loamy, weakly Field crops B 19 1 Quebec calcareous Improved pasture 2 Soil survey glacial till & forage Rockland Productive (sedimentary) mixed forest Strongly rolling plain Loamy glacial till Field crops B 19 1 Quebec Improved pasture 2 Soil survey & forage Productive mixed forest

Level to undulating Stony, sandy glacial Productive E13 1 Manitoba plain till & glaciofluvial coniferous 2 Schematic deposits lowland forest, Rockland nonproductive (igneous, coniferous metamorphic) upland forest & tundra D : DOMINANTLY PODZOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

D3 1 Orthic Stony 76,811 1 Kazan 2 Subarctic, 139 Humo-Ferric Rocky (198 933) 2 Kazan Upland very cold (Po12-1b) Podzol 4 1,300-1,500 e Humid 2 Orthic Humic (400-460) Gleysol Cryic Fibrisol 3 Rockland Orthic Dystric Brunisol D3 1 Orthic Stony 20,122 1 James 3.1-2 140 Humo-Ferric Rocky (52114) 2 Severn Upland Cryoboreal, (Po10-1b) Podzol 4 1,200-1,500 cold to 2 Rockland (370-460) Subarctic, 3 Orthic Eutric very cold Brunisol d Perhumid Orthic Gray Luvisol D3 1 Orthic 207 1 Appalachian 5.1 Mesic, mild 141 Humo-Ferric (536) 2 Annapolis Mm Maritime (Po13-1a) Podzol Lowland influence 2 Orthic Gleysol 3 Annapolis Valley e Humid 3 Orthic Regosol 4 100-400 c Subaquic (30-120) D3 1 Orthic 597 1 Appalachian 5.1 Mesic, mild 142 Humo-Ferric (1546) 2 Atlantic Uplands Mm Maritime (Po13-1/2b) Podzol of Nova Scotia influence 2 Orthic Gleysol Nova Scotia d Perhumid Highlands c Subaquic 3 South Mountain inclusions 4 50-900 (15-270) D3 1 Orthic Stony 123 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 143 Humo-Ferric (318) Lowlands e Humid (Po13-1/2a) Podzol 2 West St. Lawrence c Subaquic 2 Orthic Gleysol Lowland inclusions 4 600-1,100 (180-340) D3 1 Orthic Stony 110 1 Appalachian 3.2 Cryoboreal, 144 Humo-Ferric (285) 2 Newfoundland moderately cold (Po13-2c) Podzol Highlands Mm Maritime 2 Orthic Gleysol 4 0-1,400 influence 3 Fibrisol, (0-430) d Perhumid Orthic b Aquic Ferro-H umic inclusions Podzol D3 1 Orthic 1,370 1 Appalachian 3.2 Cryoboreal, 145 Humo-Ferric (3548) 2 Atlantic Uplands moderately cold (Po13-2a) Podzol of Newfoundland Mm Maritime 2 Orthic Gleysol 4 0-1,000 influence (0-300) d Perhumid b Aquic inclusions Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Rolling plain Stony, sandy glacial Nonproductive E, F 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 1 Manitoba till & glaciofluvial coniferous Saskatchewan deposits forest & tundra Northwest Rockland Territories (igneous, 2 Schematic metamorphic)

Strongly rolling Stony, sandy, Productive D 14, 15 1 Ontario morainic plain moderately coniferous 2 Schematic calcareous upland forest, glacial till nonproductive Rockland lowland forest (igneous, & tundra metamorphic)

Undulating plain Sandy glacial till, Field crops B 20 1 Nova Scotia glaciofluvial deposits Orchards 2 Soil survey & alluvium Vineyards Improved pasture & forage

Strongly rolling hills Loamy glacial till Field crops A, B 20 1 Nova Scotia Improved pasture 2 Soil survey & forage Orchards Vineyards

Gently undulating plain Stony, loamy Productive B 16, 17 1 Ontario & sandy glacial till hardwood 2 Soil survey upland forest, nonproductive coniferous lowland forest Mountainous Stony, loamy Productive B 23 1 Newfoundland glacial till coniferous forest 2 Exploratory

Rolling hills Loamy glacial till Nonproductive B 23 1 Newfoundland coniferous forest 2 Exploratory Improved pasture & forage D : DOMINANTLY PODZOLIC SOILS -concl'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

D3 1 Orthic 365 1 Appalachian 5.1 Mesic, mild 146 Humo-Ferric (945) 2 Nova Scotia Mm Maritime (Poll-1/2b) Podzol Highlands influence 2 Orthic Dystric 3 North Mountain d Perhumid Brunisol 4 600-1,200 (180-370) D3 1 Orthic Stony 8,231 1 James 3.2 Cryoboreal, 147 Humo-Ferric Rocky (21 317) 2 Severn Upland moderately cold (Po10-1b) Podzol 4 1,200-1,500 d Perhumid 2 Rockland (370-460) 3 Orthic Eutric Brunisol Orthic Gray Luvisol D3 1 Orthic Stony 46,400 1 James 3.2-4 .1 148 Humo-Ferric Rocky (120 171) 2 Severn Upland Cryoboreal, (Po10-1b) Podzol 4 1,200-1,500 moderately cold 2 Rockland (370-460) to Boreal, cool 3 Orthic Eutric de Perhumid Brunisol to humid Orthic Gray Luvisol D3 1 Orthic Stony 87,099 1 James 4.1-4 .2 149 Humo-Ferric Rocky (225 578) Laurentian Boreal, cool to (Po10-1b) Podzol 2 Abitibi Upland, moderately cool 2 Rockland Laurentian ed Humid to 3 Orthic Eutric Highlands, perhumid Brunisol Penokean Hills Orthic Gray 4 300-1,500 Luvisol (90-460) D3 1 Orthic Stony 3,896 1 James 4.1 Boreal, cool 150 Humo-Ferric (10090) 2 Abitibi Upland d Perhumid (Po2-1a) Podzol 4 1,000-1,300 b Aquic 2 Fibrisol (310-400) inclusions

D3 1 Orthic 83 1 Appalachian 4.2 Boreal, 151 Humo-Ferric (215) 3 Magdalen Islands moderately cool (Po1-1b) Podzol 4 100-540 Mm Maritime 2 Orthic Regosol (30-170) influence d Perhumid

E : DOMINANTLY BRUNISOLIC SOILS

Map unit

Soil subgroups

E1 Orthic Melanic Brunisol E1 1 Orthic Melanic 681 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 1 Brunisol (1764) Lowlands e Humid (Be1-2a) 2 Central St. Lawrence Lowland 4 300-400 (90-120) E1 1 Orthic Melanic 473 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 2 Brunisol (1225) Lowlands e Humid (Be1-2a) 3 Orthic Gray 2 West St . Lawrence Luvisol Lowland 4 300-600 (90-180) E1 1 Orthic Melanic 128 1 St. Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 3 Brunisol (331) Lowlands e Humid (Be1-3a) 2 West St. Lawrence Lowland 4 600-800 (180-240) E1 1 Orthic Melanic 123 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 4 Brunisol (318) Lowland e Humid (Be1-2b) 2 West St .Lawrence Lowland 4 800-1,000 (240-300) E1 1 Orthic Melanic Stony 1,287 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic mild 5 Brunisol (3333) Lowlands e Humid (Be1-2a) 3 Fibrisol 2 West St. Lawrence Lowland 4 500-800 (150-240) E1 1 Orthic Melanic 365 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 6 Brunisol (945) Lowlands f Subhumid (Be1-2a) 3 Fibrisol 2 West St . Lawrence Lowland 3 Prince Edward County 4 250-500 (76-150) E1 1 Orthic Melanic Stony 290 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 7 Brunisol (751) Lowlands e Humid (Be1-2a) 3 Fibrisol 2 West St . Lawrence Lowland 4 800-1,000 (240-300) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating plain Clayey, strongly Field crops B 16 1 Ontario calcareous Improved pasture 2 Soil survey lacustrine deposits & forage

Undulating to rolling Loamy, strongly Field crops B 16 1 Ontario plain calcareous Improved pasture 2 Soil survey glacial till & forage Horticultural crops

Undulating plain Loamy, strongly Field crops B 18 1 Ontario calcareous glacial Improved pasture 2 Soil survey till & lacustrine & forage deposits Horticultural crops

Undulating plain Loamy, moderately Field crops B 18 1 Quebec calcareous glacial Improved pasture 2 Soil survey till & marine & forage deposits Horticultural crops

Undulating plain Loamy & clayey, Field crops B 18 1 Quebec moderately Improved pasture 2 Soil survey calcareous glacial & forage till & marine Horticultural crops deposits

Undulating plain Loamy, moderately Field crops B 17, 18 1 Ontario calcareous glacial Improved pasture 2 Soil survey till & organic & forage deposits

Undulating plain Loamy, strongly Field crops B 16 1 Ontario calcareous, stony Improved pasture 2 Soil survey glacial till, & forage glaciofluvial & local lacustrine deposits Rockland Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating plain Loamy, strongly Field crops B 17, 18 1 Ontario calcareous Improved pasture 2 Soil survey glacial till & forage Horticultural crops

Undulating plain Loamy, strongly Field crops B 17 1 Ontario calcareous Improved pasture 2 Soil survey glacial till & forage Horticultural crops

Undulating to rolling Clayey, strongly Field crops B 16 1 Ontario plain calcareous Improved pasture 2 Soil survey lacustrine deposits & forage Horticultural crops

Strongly rolling plain Loamy, strongly Field crops B 16 1 Ontario calcareous Improved pasture 2 Soil survey glacial till & forage Horticultural crops

Undulating plain Loamy, stony, Field crops B 17 1 Ontario strongly calcareous Improved pasture 2 Soil survey glacial till & forage Horticultural crops

Undulating plain Loamy, strongly Horticultural crops A, B 17 1 Ontario calcareous Field crops 2 Soil survey glacial till Improved pasture & forage

Undulating plain Stony, loamy, Field crops B 17 1 Ontario strongly calcareous Improved pasture 2 Soil survey glacial till & forage E : DOMINANTLY BRUNISOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

E1 1 Orthic Melanic 251 1 St. Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 8 Brunisol (650) Lowlands e Humid (Be1-3a) 3 Fibrisol 2 West St . Lawrence Lowland 4 600-1,000 (180-300) E1 1 Orthic Melanic 394 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 9 Brunisol (1 020) Lowlands e Humid (Be1-2a) 3 Fibrisol 2 West St . Lawrence Lowland 4 600-1,000 (180-300) E1 1 Orthic Melanic 1,119 1 St. Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 10 Brunisol (2898) Lowlands e Humid (Be12-2a) 2 Orthic Humic 2 Central c Subaquic Gleysol St . Lawrence inclusions Lowland 4 100-300 (30-90) E1 1 Orthic Melanic 1,262 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 11 Brunisol (3268) Lowlands e Humid (Be12-2a) 2 Orthic Humic 2 Central c Subaquic Gleysol St. Lawrence inclusions 3 Fibrisol Lowland 4 100-200 (30-60) E1 1 Orthic Melanic 1,993 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 12 Brunisol (5162) Lowlands e Humid (Be12-2/3a) 2 Orthic Humic 2 Central c Subaquic Gleysol St . Lawrence inclusions 3 Orthic Dystric Lowland Brunisol 4 100-200 Orthic (30-60) Humo-Ferric Podzol E1 1 Orthic Melanic 389 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 13 Brunisol (1 007) Lowlands e Humid (Be18-2a) 2 Fibrisol 2 Central c Subaquic 3 Mesisol St . Lawrence inclusions Lowland 4 400-600 (120-180) E1 1 Orthic Melanic Stony 434 1 St . Lawrence 4.2 Boreal, 14 Brunisol Rocky (1 124) Lowlands moderately cool (Be13-2a) 2 Rockland 2 West St . Lawrence e Humid 3 Orthic Gleysol Lowland 4 600-800 (180-240) E : DOMINANTLY BRUNISOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

E1 1 Orthic Melanic Stony 986 1 St. Lawrence 4.2 Boreal, 15 Brunisol Rocky (2553) Lowlands moderately cool (B13-2a) 2 Rockland 2 West St. Lawrence e Humid 3 Orthic Gray Lowland Luvisol 3 Manitoulin Island 4 600-800 (180-240) E1 1 Orthic Melanic Stony 128 1 Laurentian 5.1 Mesic, mild 16 Brunisol (331) 2 Laurentian e Humid (Be1-2a) Highlands 4 600-800 (180-240) E1 1 Orthic Melanic Stony 177 1 Laurentian 5.1 Mesic, mild 17 Brunisol (458) 2 Laurentian e Humid (Be1-2b) Highlands 4 600-800 (180-240) E1 1 Orthic Melanic Stony 78 1 St. Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 18 Brunisol (202) Lowlands e Humid (Be1-2a) 2 Central St. Lawrence Lowland 4 200-600 (60-180) E1 1 Orthic Melanic Stony 133 1 St. Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 19 Brunisol (344) Lowlands e Humid (Be1-2b) 2 West St. Lawrence Lowland 4 1,000-1,200 (300-370) E2 Orthic Eutric Brunisol E2 1 Orthic Eutric 385 1 Interior Plains 2-3.1 30 Brunisol (997) 2 Great Slave Plain Subarctic (Be1-1a) 3 Orthic Gleysol 4 950-1,100 very cold (290-340) to Cryoboreal, cold fe Subhumid to humid E2 1 Orthic Eutric 784 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 31 Brunisol (2030) 2 Great Slave Plain cold (Be1-1a) 3 Orthic Gleysol 4 900-1,000 f Subhumid (270-300)

E2 1 Orthic Eutric Stony 2,343 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 32 Brunisol (6068) 2 Fort Nelson cold (Be1-3a) 3 Orthic Gleysol Lowland e Humid 4 1,000-1,500 (300-460) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating plain Loamy, strongly Field crops B 16 1 Ontario calcareous, stony Improved pasture 2 Soil survey glacial till & local & forage lacustrine deposits Outdoor recreation Rockland

Undulating plain Loamy, strongly Field crops B 17 1 Ontario calcareous Improved pasture 2 Soil survey glacial till & forage Outdoor recreation

Moderately rolling plain Loamy, strongly Field crops B 17 1 Ontario calcareous, stony Improved pasture 2 Soil survey glacial till & forage Outdoor recreation

Undulating plain Loamy, moderately Field crops B 17, 18 1 Ontario calcareous Improved pasture 2 Soil survey glacial till & forage Outdoor recreation

Rolling plain Loamy, strongly Field crops B 16 1 Ontario calcareous, stony Improved pasture 2 Soil survey glacial till & forage

Undulating plain Sandy, moderately Productive E 8 1 Alberta calcareous coniferous forest 2 Soil survey lacustrine & aeolian deposits

Undulating plain Sandy, moderately Productive E 8 1 Alberta calcareous alluvial coniferous forest 2 Soil survey deposits

Undulating plain Clayey, moderately Productive E 7 1 Alberta calcareous, stony coniferous forest 2 Soil survey glacial till & lacustrine deposits E : DOMINANTLY BRUNISOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

E2 1 Orthic Eutric 616 1 Cordilleran 4.1-4 .2 33 Brunisol (1 595) Southern Plateau Boreal, cool to (Be14-2b) 2 Orthic Dark Gray and Mountain moderately cool Chernozemic Area gf Semiarid 2 Columbia to subhumid Mountains Columbia Highlands 4 3,000-6,000 (910-1 830) E2 1 Orthic Eutric Stony 1,454 1 Cordilleran 2-3.1 34 Brunisol (3766) Rocky Mountain Subarctic, (Be2-1a) 2 Orthic Gray Area very cold Luvisol 2 Rocky Mountain to Cryoboreal, Foothills cold 4 2,000-5,500 e Humid (610-1 680) E2 1 Orthic Eutric 325 1 Cordilleran 2-3.1 35 Brunisol (842) 2 Southern Rocky Subarctic, (Be2-2c) 2 Orthic Gray Mountains very cold Luvisol Continental to Cryoboreal, 3 Alpine Ranges cold Dystric Brunisol 3 Flat Head Ranges Mx Mountain 4 2,500-8,000 influence (760-2440) e Humid E2 1 Orthic Eutric 488 1 Interior Plains 2-3.1 36 Brunisol (1264) 2 Great Slave Plain Subarctic, (Be20-1/2a) 2 Orthic Gleysol Fort Nelson very cold Lowland to Cryoboreal, 3 Liard River Valley cold 4 900-1,100 fe Subhumid (270-340) to humid c Subaquic inclusions E2 1 Orthic Eutric 1,618 1 Interior Plains 2-3 .1 37 Brunisol (4190) 2 Great Slave Plain Subarctic, (Be20-2a) 2 Orthic Gleysol 4 450-950 very cold (140-290) to Cryoboreal, cold fe Subhumid to humid c Subaquic inclusions E2 1 Orthic Eutric 1,850 1 Cordilleran 3.1 Cryoboreal, 38 Brunisoi (4791) Northern and cold (Be15-2a) 2 Orthic Dystric Central Plateaus e Humid Brunisol and Mountain Orthic Regosol Area 2 Northern Rocky Mountain Trench Liard Plain 3 Kechika River Valley 4 1,500-3,000 (460-910) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Rolling to strongly Loamy, weakly Productive C 7 1 British Columbia rolling plain calcareous coniferous forest 2 Soil Survey glacial till

Gently rolling plain Sandy, moderately Productive E 5 1 British Columbia calcareous coniferous forest 2 Schematic glacial till

Very steeply rolling Loamy, weakly Productive C 8 , 1 Alberta to mountainous calcareous coniferous forest British Columbia glacial till 2 Exploratory & colluvial deposits

Undulating plain Sandy & loamy, Nonproductive F 6 1 Northwest moderately coniferous forest Territories calcareous 2 Soil survey glaciofluvial & aeolian deposits

Undulating plain Loamy, moderately Nonproductive F 6, 7 1 Northwest calcareous coniferous forest Territories lacustrine 2 Soil survey & alluvial deposits

Undulating plain Loamy, weakly Productive E 5 1 British Columbia calcareous coniferous forest 2 Schematic glaciofluvial & alluvial deposits E : DOMINANTLY BRUNISOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

E2 1 Orthic Eutric 276 1 Cordilleran 2 Subarctic, 39 Brunisol (715) Northern Plateau very cold (Be11-2a) 2 Cumulic Regosol and Mountain fe Subhumid Area to humid 2 Yukon Plateau 4 2,300-3,000 (700-910) E2 1 Orthic Eutric 6,978 1 Cordilleran 2 Subarctic, 40 Brunisol (18072) Northern Plateau very cold (Be11-2a) 2 Cumulic Regosol and Mountain fe Subhumid Area to humid 2 Tintina Trench 4 2,000-3,000 (610-910) E2 1 Orthic Eutric 246 1 Cordilleran 2 Subarctic, 41 Brunisol (637) Coast Mountain very cold (Be11-2a) 2 Cumulic Regosol Area fe Subhumid 2 Coast Mountains to humid 3 Boundary Ranges 4 3,000-4,000 (910-1 220) E2 1 Orthic Eutric 971 1 Cordilleran 2 Subarctic, 42 Brunisol (2515) Northern Plateau very cold (Be11-2e) 2 Cumulic Regosol and Mountain fe Subhumid Area to humid 2 Tintina Trench Yukon Plateau 4 2,000-3,000 (610-910) E2 1 Orthic Eutric 5,104 1 Cordilleran 2 Subarctic, 43 Brunisol (13219) Northern Plateau very cold (Be11-2b) 2 Cumulic Regosol and Mountain fe Subhumid Area to humid Mackenzie Mountain Area 2 Liard Plain Liard Plateau 4 2,000-3,500 (610-1 070) E2 1 Orthic Eutric 3,960 1 Cordilleran 2 Subarctic, 44 Brunisol (10256) Northern Plateau very cold (Be11-2b) 2 Cumulic Regosol and Mountain fe Subhumid Area to humid 2 Yukon Plateau 4 2,000-2,200 (610-670) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating plain Loamy, moderately Nonproductive F 2 1 Yukon Territory calcareous coniferous forest 2 Exploratory glacial till, fluvial & alluvial deposits

Undulating plain Loamy, moderately Nonproductive F 2, 3, 4 1 Yukon Territory calcareous coniferous 2 Exploratory alluvium & aeolian & mixed forests deposits over coarse glaciofluvial deposits & glacial till Undulating plain Loamy, moderately Nonproductive F 2, 3 1 Yukon Territory calcareous coniferous forest 2 Exploratory glacial till, fluvial & alluvial deposits

Undulating plain Loamy, alluvium Nonproductive F 2 1 Yukon Territory & aeolian deposits coniferous forest 2 Exploratory over coarse glaciofluvial deposits & glacial till

Rolling plain Loamy, weakly Nonproductive E 4, 5 1 British Columbia calcareous fluvial coniferous forest 2 Exploratory & alluvial deposits & glacial till

Rolling plain Loamy, moderately Nonproductive F 1, 2 1 Yukon Territory calcareous mixed forest 2 Exploratory glacial till, fluvial & alluvial deposits E : DOMINANTLY BRUNISOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

E2 1 Orthic Eutric 3,674 1 Cordilleran 2 Subarctic, 45 Brunisol (9515) Northern Plateau very cold (Be11-3a) 2 Cumulic Regosol and Mountain fe Subhumid Area to humid 2 Yukon Plateau Shakwak Trench 4 2,900-3,200 (880-980) E2 1 Orthic Eutric 2,737 1 Cordilleran 2 Subarctic, 46 Brunisol (7088) Northern Plateau very cold (Be15-2b) 2 Orthic Dystric and Mountain fe Subhumid Brunisol Area to humid Cumulic Regosol 2 Yukon Plateau 4 2,000-4,800 (610-1 460) E2 1 Orthic Eutric 4,330 1 Cordilleran 2 Subarctic, 47 Brunisol (11 214) Northern Plateau very cold (Be15-2b) 2 Orthic Dystric and Mountain fe Subhumid Brunisol Area to humid Cumulic Regosol 2 Yukon Plateau 4 2,000-4,800 (610-1 460) E2 1 Oithic Eutric 2,787 1 Interior Plains 2-3.1 48 Brunisol (7218) 2 Great Slave Plain Subarctic (Be16-2a) 2 Cumulic Regosol Fort Nelson very cold Cryic Fibrisol Lowland to Cryoboreal, 4 500-1,000 cold (150-300) e Humid c Subaquic inclusions E2 1 Orthic Eutric 3,979 1 Cordilleran 2 Subarctic, 49 Brunisol (10305) Northern Plateau very cold (Be20-1a) 2 Orthic Gleysol and Mountain fe Subhumid Area to humid 2 Liard Plain c Subaquic 3 Liard River Valley inclusions 4 2,500-4,000 (760-1 220) E2 1 Orthic Eutric 14,327 1 Interior Plains 2-3 .1 50 Brunisol (37105) 2 Great Slave Plain Subarctic, (Be21-1 /2a) 2 Orthic Gleysol 4 550-900 very cold Cryic Fibrisol (170-270) to Cryoboreal, cold fe Subhumid to humid c Subaquic inclusions Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating plain Clayey, moderately Nonproductive F 2, 3 1 Yukon Territory calcareous coniferous forest 2 Exploratory lacustrine, fluvial & alluvial deposits & glacial till

Rolling to strongly Loamy glacial till Nonproductive F 1, 2 1 Yukon Territory rolling plain mixed forest 2 Schematic

Rolling to strongly Loamy glacial till Nonproductive F 2, 3 1 Yukon Territory rolling plain coniferous forest 2 Schematic

Undulating plain Loamy, moderately Nonproductive F, E 6 1 Northwest calcareous fluvial coniferous forest Territories & alluvial deposits 2 Exploratory Organic deposits

Undulating plain Sandy, moderately Nonproductive F, E 4, 5 1 Yukon Territory calcareous coniferous forest British Columbia glacial till 2 Schematic & fluvial deposits

Undulating plain Sandy & loamy, Nonproductive E, F 6, 7, 8 1 Northwest moderately coniferous forest Territories calcareous 2 Soil survey glacial till & lacustrine deposits Organic deposits E : DOMINANTLY BRUNISOLIC SOILS - cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

E2 1 Orthic Eutric 1,741 1 Cordilleran 2 Subarctic, 51 Brunisol (4509) Northern Plateau very cold (Be21-2ab) 2 Orthic Gleysol and Mountain fe Subhumid Cryic Fibrisol Area to humid 2 Ogilvie Mountains c Subaquic Yukon Plateau inclusions Tintina Trench 4 2,000-5,000 (610-1 520) E2 1 Orthic Eutric 3,205 1 Cordilleran 2 Subarctic, 52 Brunisol (8301) Porcupine very cold (Gd19-2bc) 2 Orthic Gleysol Mountain Area e Humid Cryic Fibrisol 2 Porcupine Ranges c Subaquic 4 1,250-5,500 inclusions (380-1 680) E2 1 Orthic Eutric 1,933 1 Cordilleran 2 Subarctic 53 Brunisol (5006) Northern Plateau very cold (Gd19-2bc) 2 Orthic Gleysol and Mountain fe Subhumid Cryic Fibrisol Area to humid 2 Yukon Plateau c Subaquic 4 2,000-5,000 inclusions (610-1 520) E2 1 Orthic Eutric Rocky 216 1 James 4.2 Boreal, 54 Brunisol (559) 2 Severn Upland moderately cool (Be13-3b) 2 Rockland Port Arthur Hills fe Subhumid 4 1,200-1,500 to humid (370-460)

E2 1 Orthic Eutric Stony 86,675 1 Cordilleran 2 Subarctic, 55 Brunisol Rocky (224 479) Mackenzie very cold (Be17-1c) 2 Cumulic Regosol Mountain Area Mx Mountain Rockland Porcupine influence Mountain Area e Humid 2 Mackenzie Mountains Liard Plateau Porcupine Ranges 4 2,000-7,000 (610-2130) E2 1 Orthic Eutric Stony 33,621 1 Cordilleran 2 Subarctic, 56 Brunisol Rocky (87075) Northern and very cold (Be19-1 b) 2 Orthic Regosol Central Plateau fe Subhumid Rockland and Mountain to humid 3 Fibrisol Area 2 Yukon Plateau Stikine Plateau 4 3,000-7,000 (910-2130) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Rolling plain Loamy, moderately Nonproductive G 1, 2 1 Yukon Territory calcareous alluvial coniferous forest 2 Schematic & fluvial deposits

Undulating Loamy alluvium Productive G 1, 2 1 Yukon Territory to mountainous & fluvial deposits coniferous forest 2 Schematic

Undulating Loamy, alluvial, Nonproductive F 1 1 Yukon Territory to mountainous fluvial & glacial till coniferous forest 2 Schematic deposits

Strongly rolling plain Clayey, moderately Productive C 14 1 Ontario calcareous mixed forest 2 Soil survey lacustrine deposits Rockland (igneous, & metamorphic)

Mountainous Stony, sandy, Nonproductive E, F, G 1 to 6 1 Northwest moderately coniferous forest Territories calcareous alluvial 2 Schematic & fluvial deposits Rockland (igneous, & sedimentary)

Strongly rolling plain Sandy; moderately Nonproductive E, F 2, 3, 4, 5 1 Yukon Territory calcareous coniferous forest 2 Exploratory glacial till & alluvial deposits Rockland (igneous, sedimentary) E : DOMINANTLY BRUNISOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

E2 1 Orthic Eutric Stony 26,060 1 Cordilleran 2 Subarctic, 57 Brunisol Rocky (67493) Mackenzie very cold (Be19-1b) 2 Orthic Regosol Mountain Area fe Subhumid Rockland 2 Liard Plateau to humid 3 Fibrisol 4 3,000-7,000 (910-2130) E2 1 Orthic Eutric Stony 2,259 1 Interior Plains 2 Subarctic, 58 Brunisol (5850) 2 Great Slave Plain very cold (Be18-2a) 2 Cryic Fibrisol 3 Horn Plateau Mx Mountain 4 1,000-2,600 influence (310-790) e Humid E3 Orthic Dystric Brunisol E3 1 Orthic Dystric 2,534 1 Cordilleran 5.1-4 .2 66 Brunisol (6563) Coastal Lowlands Mesic, mild to (Bd3-2a) 3 Orthic Melanic 2 Nanaimo Lowland Boreal, Brunisol 4 0-1,000 moderately cool (0-310) Mm Maritime influence fe Subhumid to humid E3 1 Orthic Dystric 355 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 67 Brunisol (919) Lowlands e Humid (Bd3-2a) 2 Central St . Lawrence Lowland 4 300-500 (90-150) E3 1 Orthic Dystric Stony 3,014 1 Laurentian 4.1 Boreal, cool 68 Brunisol (7806) 2 Laurentian d Perhumid (Bd3-1 b) 3 Orthic Highlands Humo-Ferric 4 700-1,300 Podzol (210-400) E3 1 Orthic Dystric Stony 1,189 1 Laurentian 4.1 Boreal, cool 69 Brunisol (3079) 2 Laurentian d Perhumid (Bd3-1 b) 3 Orthic Highlands Humo-Ferric 4 700-1,300 Podzol (210-400) E3 1 Orthic Dystric 813 1 Cordilleran 3.2-4.1 70 Brunisol (2105) Coast Mountain Cryoboreal, (Bd12-3a) 2 Orthic Gray Area moderately cold Luvisol 2 Coast Mountains to Boreal, cool 3 Mini Humo-Ferric Kitimat Ranges fe Subhumid Podzol 3 Skeena and to humid Orthic Kitimat Valley Humo-Ferric 4 0-1,000 Podzol (0-310) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Strongly rolling plain Sandy glacial till Nonproductive F 2, 3, 4, 5 1 Yukon Territory & alluvial deposits mixed forest 2 Exploratory Rockland (igneous, metamorphic)

Undulating plain Loamy, moderately Nonproductive F 6, 7 1 Northwest calcareous coniferous forest Territories glacial till 2 Exploratory

Undulating plain Loamy glacial till, Productive C 5, 6 1 British Columbia glaciofluvial mixed forest 2 Soil survey & marine deposits Horticultural crops (including poultry) Urban areas (including parkland)

Undulating plain Loamy glacial till Field crops B 18 1 Quebec Improved pasture 2 Soil survey & forage

Rolling to strongly Sandy glacial till Productive B 18 1 Quebec rolling plain & glaciofluvial mixed forest 2 Soil survey deposits Improved pasture & forage

Rolling to strongly Sandy glacial till Productive B 17 1 Quebec rolling plain & glaciofluvial coniferous forest 2 Soil survey deposits Improved pasture & forage

Undulating plain Clayey & loamy Productive D 4, 5 1 British Columbia marine & glaciofluvial coniferous forest 2 Schematic deposits Improved pasture & forage E : DOMINANTLY BRUNISOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

E3 1 Orthic Dystric Stony 582 1 James 4.2 Boreal, 71 Brunisol (1 507) Laurentian moderately cool (Bd12-1b) 3 Orthic Gray 2 Penokean Hills e Humid Luvisol Laurentian Highlands 4 700-1,000 (210-310) E3 1 Orthic Dystric 251 1 Appalachian 4.1 Boreal, cool 72 Brunisol (650) 2 Notre Dame d Perhumid (Bd12-2/3a) 2 Orthic Gray Mountains Luvisol Chaleur Uplands 3 Orthic Gleysol 4 100-500 Orthic (30-150) Humo-Ferric Podzol E3 1 Orthic Dystric 1,238 1 Appalachian 4.1 Boreal, cool 73 Brunisol (3206) 2 Chaleur Uplands d Perhumid (Bd12-2/3a) 2 Orthic Gray 4 100-500 Luvisol (30-150) 3 Orthic Gleysol Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol

E3 1 Orthic Dystric Stony 305 1 Cordilleran 5.1 Mesic, mild 74 Brunisol (790) Coastal Lowlands Mm Maritime (Bd18-2b) 2 Orthic 2 Fraser Lowland influence Humo-Ferric 4 100-500 ef Humid to Podzol (30-150) subhumid 3 Orthic Ferro-Humic Podzol E3 1 Orthic Dystric Stony 192 1 Cordilleran 5.1 Mesic, mild 75 Brunisol (497) Coastal Lowlands Mm Maritime (Bd18-2b) 2 Orthic 2 Fraser Lowland influence Humo-Ferric 4 500-1,000 ef Humid to Podzol (150-310) subhumid 3 Orthic Ferro-Humic Podzol E3 1 Orthic Dystric 123 1 Cordilleran 3.1 Cryoboreal, 76 Brunisol (318) Southern Plateau cold (Tv9-2c) 2 Orthic and Mountain Mx Mountain Humo-Ferric Area influence Podzol 2 Columbia fe Subhumid Mountains to humid 3 Selkirk Mountains 4 3,000-6,000 (910-1 830) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Rolling plain Sandy glacial till Productive B 16 1 Ontario mixed forest 2 Soil survey Woodland grazing

Undulating plain Loamy to clayey Productive B 20 1 Quebec glacial till mixed forest 2 Exploratory & lacustrine deposits Improved pasture & forage

Undulating plain Loamy to clayey Improved pasture C 20 1 Quebec glacial till & forage 2 Exploratory & lacustrine deposits Woodland grazing

Strongly rolling plain Loamy glacial till Productive C 6 1 British Columbia & fluvial deposits coniferous forest 2 Soil survey

Steeply sloping Loamy glacial till, Productive C 7 1 British Columbia & mountainous colluvium & thin coniferous forest 2 Exploratory overlays of volcanic ash deposits E : DOMINANTLY BRUNISOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

E3 1 Orthic Dystric Stony 1,356 1 Cordilleran 3.1 Cryoboreal, 77 Brunisol (3512) Southern Plateau cold (Tv9-2bc) 2 Orthic and Mountain Mx Mountain Humo-Ferric Area influence Podzol 2 Columbia fe Subhumid Mountains to humid 3 Purcell Mountains 4 3,000-6,000 (910-1 830) E3 1 Orthic Dystric Stony 744 1 Cordilleran 3.2 Cryoboreal, 78 Brunisol (1 927) Southern Plateau moderately (Tv8-2c) 2 Orthic and Mountain cold Humo-Ferric Area Mx Mountain Podzol 2 Columbia influence Mountains f Subhumid 3 Monashee Mountains 4 2,000-6,000 (610-1 830) E3 1 Orthic Dystric Stony 2,958 1 Cordilleran 3.1-2 79 Brunisol (7661) Coast Mountain Cryoboreal, (Tv7-2c) 2 Orthic Sombric Area cold to Brunisol Coastal Lowlands Subarctic, Orthic 2 Cascade very cold Humo-Ferric Mountains Mx Mountain Podzol Fraser Lowland influence 3 Hozameen Ranges e Humid Okanagan Ranges 4 2,000-7,000 (610-2130)

E3 1 Orthic Dystric 3,634 1 Cordilleran 3.1-3 .2 80 Brunisol (9412) Central Plateau Cryoboreal, (Bd14-2b) 2 Orthic Gray and Mountain cold to Luvisol Area moderately cold Orthic 2 Nass Basin fe Subhumid Humo-Ferric Skeena to humid Podzol Mountains 4 1,000-6,000 (310-1 830) E3 1 Orthic Dystric 2,835 1 Cordilleran 3.1 Cryoboreal, 81 Brunisol (7342) Southern Plateau cold (Bd14-2b) 2 Orthic Gray and Mountain ef Humid to Luvisol Area subhumid Orthic 2 Interior Plateau Humo-Ferric 4 3,000-5,000 Podzol (910-1 520) E3 1 Orthic Dystric 3,181 1 Cordilleran 3.1 Cryoboreal, 82 Brunisol (8238) Southern Plateau cold (Bd14-2b) 2 Orthic Gray and Mountain ef Humid to Luvisol Area subhumid Orthic 2 Interior Plateau Humo-Ferric 4 3,000-5,000 Podzol (910-1 520) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Strongly rolling Loamy, weakly Productive C 7, 8 1 British Columbia to mountainous calcareous glacial till, coniferous forest 2 Exploratory colluvial & fluvial deposits with a thin overlay of volcanic ash

Steeply sloping Loamy, weakly Productive C 7 1 British Columbia & mountainous calcareous coniferous forest 2 Exploratory glacial till, colluvium with thin overlays of volcanic ash

Steeply sloping Loamy, weakly Productive C 6 1 British Columbia & mountainous calcareous coniferous forest 2 Soil survey glacial till, fluvial & colluvial deposits with a thin overlay of volcanic ash

Strongly rolling plain Loamy glacial till, Productive D, E 4, 5 1 British Columbia fluvial & alluvial coniferous forest 2 Schematic deposits

Strongly rolling plain Loamy glacial till, Productive D 5 1 British Columbia fluvial & colluvial coniferous forest 2 Exploratory deposits

Strongly rolling plain Loamy glacial till, Productive C, D 5,6 1 British Columbia fluvial & alluvial coniferous forest 2 Exploratory deposits E : DOMINANTLY BRUNISOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

E3 1 Orthic Dystric 1,349 1 St. Lawrence 3.2 Cryoboreal, 84 Brunisol (3494) Lowlands moderately cold (Bd17-2a) 2 Fibrisol 2 East St. Lawrence Mm Maritime Lowland influence Anticosti Island d Perhumid 4 100-500 (30-150) E3 1 Orthic Dystric Stony 848 1 Cordilleran 4.1-3 .2 86 Brunisol (2196) Southern Plateau Boreal, cool to (Bd16-1ab) 2 Orthic Regosol and Mountain Cryoboreal, Orthic Area moderately cold Humo-Ferric 2 Columbia gf Semiarid Podzol Mountains to subhumid 3 Orthic Sombric 3 Selkirk Mountains Brunisol Columbia Valley Kootenay Valley 4 1,400-4,000 (430-1 220) E3 1 Orthic Dystric Stony 1,647 1 Cordilleran 3.1 Cryoboreal, 87 Brunisol Rocky (4265) Southern Plateau cold (Bd13-2c) 2 Orthic Gray and Mountain Mx Mountain Luvisol Area influence 3 Rockland Coast Mountain f Subhumid Area 2 Interior Plateau Coast Mountains 3 Fraser Ranges Chilcolm Ranges 4 4,000-6,000 (1 220-1 830) E3 1 Orthic Dystric Rocky 1,125 1 Cordilleran 4.2 Boreal, 88 Brunisol (2914) Southern Plateau moderately cool (Bd15-2a) 2 Orthic Eutric and Mountain Semiarid Brunisol Area Orthic Regosol 2 Southern Rocky 3 Rockland Mountain Trench 4 2,600-3,500 (790-1 070) E3 1 Orthic Dystric Stony 1,179 1 Cordilleran 3.1-3 .2 89 Brunisol Rocky (3053) Southern Plateau Cryoboreal, (Bd2-2b) 2 Rockland and Mountain cold to 3 Orthic Gray ' Area moderately cold Luvisol 2 Interior Plateau f Subhumid 3 Thompson Plateau 4 3,000-5,000 (910-1 520) E3 1 Orthic Dystric Stony 1,460 1 St . Lawrence 3.2 Cryoboreal, 90 Brunisol Rocky (3781) Lowlands moderately cold (Bd2-2a) 2 Rockland 2 East St . Lawrence Mm Maritime Lowland influence Anticosti Island d Perhumid 4 100-500 (30-150) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating plain Loamy, weakly Nonproductive C 21 1 Quebec calcareous mixed forest 2 Exploratory glacial till

Rolling to undulating Stony, sandy to Productive C 7 1 British Columbia plain loamy, weakly coniferous forest 2 Exploratory calcareous glacial till ; fluvial & colluvial deposits

Mountainous Stony, loamy, weakly Productive C 6 1 British Columbia calcareous coniferous forest 2 Schematic glacial till & fluvial Woodland grazing deposits Rockland

Undulating plain Loamy, moderately Nonproductive C 8 1 British Columbia strong to strongly mixed forest 2 Soil survey calcareous Woodland grazing glacial till, glaciofluvial & alluvium deposits Rockland (igneous) Strongly rolling Loamy, weakly Productive C 6,7 1 British Columbia to mountainous calcareous coniferous forest 2 Soil survey glacial till Woodland grazing & glaciofluvial deposits Rockland

Undulating plain Stony, loamy, weakly Nonproductive C 20, 21 1 Quebec calcareous mixed forest 2 Schematic glacial till Rockland (sedimentary) E : DOMINANTLY BRUNISOLIC SOILS -concl'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

E3 1 Orthic Dystric Rocky 744 1 James 4.2 Boreal, 91 Brunisol (1 927) 2 Abitibi Upland, moderately cool (Bd2-2b) 2 Rockland Penokean Hills e Humid 4 600-1,200 (180-370)

E3 1 Orthic Dystric Rocky 1,257 1 James 4.2 Boreal, 92 Brunisol (3255) 2 Abitibi Upland, moderately cool (Bd2-2b) 2 Rockland Penokean Hills e Humid 4 600-1,200 (180-370)

E3 1 Orthic Dystric Stony 2,958 1 Cordilleran, 3.1-2 93 Brunisol Rocky (7661) Rocky Mountain Cryoboreal, (Bd2-2c) 2 Rockland Area cold, to 3 Orthic Gray 2 Southern Rocky Subarctic, Luvisol, Mountains, very cold Orthic Eutric Continental Mx Mountain Brunisol Ranges influence 4 3,500-8,000 e Humid (1 070-2 440) E3 1 Orthic Dystric Stony 82,621 1 Kazan 2 Subarctic, 94 Brunisol Rocky (213 980) 2 Bear-Slave very cold (Bd2-1b) 2 Rockland Upland, e Humid 3 Orthic Gray Kazan Upland Luvisol, 4 600-1,500 Orthic Eutric (180-440) Brunisol E3 1 Orthic Dystric Stony 17,551 1 Kazan 1 Arctic, 95 Brunisol Rocky (4545) 2 Kazan Upland extremely cold (Bx2-1b) 2 Rockland 4 600-1,100 e Humid (180-340)

E3 1 Orthic-Dystric Stony 690 1 Cordilleran, 1 Arctic, 96 Brunisol (1 787) Porcupine extremely cold (Bx5-2bc) 2 Cryic Gleysol Mountain Area, e Humid Brooks Range Area 2 Old Crow Range, Porcupine Plateau Old Crow Plain 4 1,000-4,000 (310-1 220) E3 1 Cryic Dystric Stony 8,853 1 Kazan 1 Arctic, 97 Brunisol (22928) 2 Kazan Upland extremely cold (ex1-1a) 2 Cryic Regosol 4 0-700 e Humid (0-210) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Moderately rolling plain Loamy glacial till Productive B 15, 16 1 Ontario & lacustrine deposits mixed forest 2 Soil survey Rockland (igneous, sedimentary)

Moderately rolling plain Loamy glacial till Productive B 16 1 Ontario & lacustrine deposits mixed forest 2 Soil survey Rockland Woodland grazing (igneous, Outdoor recreation sedimentary)

Strongly sloping Stony, loamy, Productive C 7, 8 1 British Columbia to mountainous weakly to moderately coniferous forest 2 Soil survey calcareous glacial till Rockland (sedimentary)

Strongly rolling plain Stony, sandy Nonproductive F, G 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 1 Northwest glacial till & fluvial coniferous forest 12 Territories deposits 2 Schematic Rockland (igneous, metamorphic)

Rolling plain Stony, sandy Barren to nearly F, E 11, 12 1 Northwest glacial till & fluvial barren Territories deposits Wildlife grazing 2 Schematic Rockland (igneous, metamorphic) Rolling plain Stony, loamy Tundra G, H 1 1 Yukon Territory glaciofluvial deposits Wildlife grazing 2 Schematic

Undulating plain Stony, sandy Barren to nearly E, F 12, 13 1 Manitoba glacial till, marine barren Northwest & glaciofluvial Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic F : DOMINANTLY REGOSOLIC SOILS

Map unit

Soil subgroups

F1 Orthic Regosol F1 1 Orthic Regosol 281 1 Interior Plains 4.2 Boreal, 1 2 Orthic Brown (728) 2 Alberta Plain moderately cool (Re1-1a) Chernozemic 3 Great Sand Hills h Subarid 4 2,100-2,400 (640-730) F1 1 Orthic Regosol 74 1 Interior Plains 4.2 Boreal, 2 3 Orthic Brown (192) 2 Alberta Plain moderately cool (Re1-1 b) Chernozemic 4 2,100-2,400 h Subarid (640-730) F1 1 Saline Orthic 517 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 3 Regosol (1339) 2 Alberta Plain h Subarid (Re2-2a) 2 Orthic Brown 3 Old Wives Lake Chernozemic Plain 3 Saline Gleysol 4 2,200-2,400 (670-730) F1 1 Orthic Regosol 103 1 Interior Plans 4.1 Boreal, cool 4 2 Orthic Dark (267) 2 Saskatchewan g Semiarid (Re18-1a) Brown Plain Chernozemic 4 1,700-1,750 (520-530) F1 1 Orthic Regosol 171 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 5 2 Orthic Dark (443) 2 Saskatchewan g Semiarid (Re18-1a) Brown Plain Chernozemic 3 Caron Plain 4 1,850-2,125 (560-650) F1 1 Orthic Regosol 517 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 6 2 Orthic Dark (1339) 2 Alberta Plain moderately cold (Re12-1b) Brown 3 Snipe Lake Plain g Semiarid Chernozemic 4 2,200-2,250 (670-690) F1 1 Orthic Regosol 591 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 7 2 Cumulic Regosol (1 531) 2 Saskatchewan g Semiarid (Re16-1/2a) Plain 3 Saskatchewan River Plain 4 1,500-1,700 (460-520) F1 1 Orthic Regosol 3,871 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 8 2 Cumulic Regosol (10025) 2 Peace River cold (Re16-2a) Lowland f Subhumid 4 800-1,500 (240-460) F1 1 Saline Orthic 1,080 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 9 Regosol (2797) 2 Saskatchewan g Semiarid (Re31-2a) 2 Saline Orthic Plain Gleysol 3 Quill Lake Plain Orthic Dark 4 1,800-2,000 Brown (240-610) Chernozemic Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating plain Sandy, aeolian Rough grazing C 9 1 Saskatchewan modified fluvial & rangeland 2 Soil survey deposits (grasses, (with dunes) forbs, shrubs)

Undulating plain Sandy, aeolian, Field crops C 9 1 Saskatchewan modified fluvial Rough grazing 2 Soil survey deposits & rangeland (grasses, (with dunes) forbs, shrubs) Undulating plain Loamy lacustrine Field crops C10 1 Saskatchewan & fluvial deposits Improved pasture 2 Soil survey & forage

Undulating plain Sandy fluvial Field crops D 10 1 Saskatchewan deposits 2 Soil survey

Undulating plain Sandy fluvial Field crops C10 1 Saskatchewan & alluvial deposits 2 Soil survey

Rolling plain Sandy fluvial Field crops D 9 1 Saskatchewan & aeolian deposits Improved pasture 2 Soil survey & forage

Undulating plain Sandy & loamy Field crops C, D 10 1 Saskatchewan fluvial & alluvial Rough grazing 2 Soil survey deposits & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs)

Undulating plain Loamy & sandy, Rough grazing D, E 6, 7 1 Alberta weakly calcareous & rangeland (grasses, 2 Soil survey alluvial deposits forbs, shrubs) Productive mixed forest Undulating plain Loamy modified Field crops C10 1 Saskatchewan glacial till & fluvial Improved pasture 2 Soil survey deposits & forage F : DOMINANTLY REGOSOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

F1 1 Orthic Regosol 84 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 10 2 Brunisolic Gray (217) 2 Manitoba Plain moderately cold (Rd4-1a) Luvisol 4 1,000-1,100 fe Subhumid (310-340) to humid F1 1 Orthic Regosol 118 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 11 2 Brunisolic Gray (306) 2 Manitoba Plain moderately cold (Rd4-1a) Luvisol 4 1,000-1,200 fe Subhumid (310-370) to humid F1 1 Orthic Regosol 685 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 12 2 Brunisolic Gray (1 774) James moderately cold (Rd4-1 a) Luvisol 2 Manitoba Plain, fe Subhumid Severn Upland to humid 4 1,100-1,300 (340-400) F1 1 Orthic Regosol 118 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 13 2 Brunisolic Gray (306) 2 Manitoba Plain moderately cold (Rd4-1 a) Luvisol 4 950-1,000 fe Subhumid (290-310) to humid F1 1 Orthic Regosol 1,084 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 14 2 Orthic Dystric (2807) 2 Saskatchewan moderately cold (Rd1-1a) Brunisol Plain f Subhumid 4 1,700-1,750 (520-530) F1 1 Orthic Regosol Stony 22,815 1 Cordilleran 2 Subarctic, 15 2 Orthic Eutric (59088) Interior Plains very cold ( Re14-1 b) Brunisol 2 Peel Plateau e Humid Porcupine Plateau Richardson Mountains 4 1,800-2,000 (550-610) F1 1 Orthic Regosol 16 1 Atlantic 4.2 Boreal, 16 (41) Continental Shelf moderately cool (Rd1-1a) 2 Scotian Shelf Mm Maritime 3 Sable Island influence 4 0-85 d Perhumid (0-30) F2 Cumulic Regosol F2 1 Cumulic Regosol 1,149 1 Appalachian 4.1 Boreal, cool 16 (2976) 2 Maritime Plain Mm Maritime (Jd1-3a) 3 Trantramar influence Marshes d Perhumid 4 25-100 (8-30) F2 1 Cumulic Regosol 2,021 1 Interior Plains, 3.1-2 17 (5234) Kazan Cryoboreal, (Je2-2a) 2 Saskatchewan Plain cold to Great Slave Plain Subarctic, Athabasca Plain very cold 4 500-1,000 fe Subhumid (150-310) to humid Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating plain Sandy glacial till, Productive C 12, 13 1 Manitoba aeolian & fluvial mixed forest 2 Soil survey deposits Outdoor recreation

Undulating plain Sandy glacial till, Productive C 12 1 Manitoba aeolian & fluvial mixed forest 2 Soil survey deposits Outdoor recreation

Undulating plain Sandy glacial till, Productive C 12, 13 1 Manitoba aeolian & fluvial mixed forest 2 Soil survey deposits Outdoor recreation

Undulating plain Sandy glacial till Nonproductive C 12 1 Manitoba & fluvial deposits mixed forest 2 Soil survey Outdoor recreation

Undulating plain Sandy fluvial Nonproductive D 10 1 Saskatchewan deposits mixed forest 2 Soil survey

Rolling plain Stony, sandy Nonproductive G, H 2, 3, 4 1 Yukon & Northwest colluvial & alluvial coniferous forest Territories deposits Barren or nearly 2 Schematic barren Wildlife grazing

Level to undulating Marine sands Rough grazing A 22 1 Nova Scotia sand dunes (shrubs, grasses) 2 Exploratory

Level to undulating Clayey marine Field crops B 20 1 New Brunswick plain sediments Improved pasture 2 Soil survey & forage

Undulating plain Loamy, moderately Nonproductive E 9, 8 1 Alberta calcareous alluvial coniferous forest 2 Exploratory deposits F : DOMINANTLY REGOSOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

F2 1 Cumulic Regosol Stony 11,008 1 Cordilleran 2 Subarctic, 18 2 Orthic Eutric (28510) Mackenzie very cold (Je26-2b) Brunisol Mountain Area e Humid Orthic Gleysol 2 Mackenzie Plain c Subaquic 4 300-1,200 inclusions (90-370) F3 Cryic Orthi c Regosol F3 1 Cryic Orthic 3,501 1 Innuitian 1 Arctic, 25 Regosol (9067) 2 Parry Plateau extremely cold (Rx1-2a) 3 Prince Patric e Humid Island 4 150-500 (50-150) F3 1 Cryic Orthic 690 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 26 Regosol (1 787) 2 Victoria Lowland extremely cold (Rx1-2a) 3 Prince Albert e Humid Peninsula, Victoria Island 4 400-1,500 (120-460) F3 1 Cryic Orthic 192 1 Innuitian 1 Arctic, 27 Regosol (497) 2 Sverdrup Lowland extremely cold (Rx1-2a) 3 Emerald Island e Humid 4 0-500 (0-150) F3 1 Cryic Orthic 473 1 Innuitian 1 Arctic, 28 Regosol (1 225) 2 Sverdrup Lowland extremely cold (Rx1-2a) 3 Longheed Island e Humid 4 0-350 (0-100) F3 1 Cryic Orthic 1,410 1 Innuitian 1 Arctic, 29 Regosol (3652) 2 Sverdrup Lowland extremely cold (Rx1-2a) 3 Sabine Peninsula e Humid Melville Island 4 0-1,000 (0-310) F3 1 Cryic Orthic 374 1 Arctic Coastal 1 Arctic, 30 Regosol (969) Plain extremely cold (Rx1-2a) 2 Island Coastal e Humid Plain 3 Meighan Island 4 0-800 (0-240) F3 1 Cryic Orthic 4,423 1 Innuitian 1 Arctic, 31 Regosol (11 455) 2 Sverdrup Lowland extremely cold (Rx1-2a) 3 Ellef Ringnes e Humid Island 4 0-800 (0-240) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Rolling plain Loamy, moderately Nonproductive F, G 4, 5, 6 1 Northwest calcareous glacial coniferous forest Territories till, alluvial & fluvial 2 Schematic deposits

Undulating plain Loamy glacial till, Tundra J, I 6, 7 1 Northwest marine & fluvial Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic

Undulating plain Loamy glacial till, Tundra J 7, 8 1 Northwest fluvial & alluvial Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic

Undulating plain Loamy glacial till, Tundra J 8 1 Northwest fluvial & marine Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic

Undulating plain Loamy glacial till, Tundra J 10 1 Northwest fluvial & marine Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic

Undulating plain Loamy glacial till, Tundra J, I 9 1 Northwest fluvial & marine Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic

Undulating plain Loamy glacial till, Tundra J, K 11, 12 1 Northwest fluvial & marine Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic

Undulating plain Loamy glacial till, Tundra J 10, 11, 12 1 Northwest fluvial & marine Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic F : DOMINANTLY REGOSOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

1 Dominant Physiography > 40% area 2 Subdominant 1 Region > 20%a area Area 2 Division Symbol 3 Significant 3 Local subdivision Canadian inclusions sq mi 4 Range of (FAO/UNESCO) 10-20% hase (km 1) elevation, ft (m)

F3 1 Cryic Orthic 1,963 1 Innuitian 1 Arctic, 32 Regosol (5084) 2 Sverdrup Lowland extremely cold (Rx1-2a) 3 Amund Ringnes e Humid Island Soilclimate 4 0-700 (0-210) TemperatureMoisturesubclassclass F3 1 Cryic Orthic 236 1 Innuitian 1 Arctic, 33 Regosol (611) 2 Sverdrup Lowland extremely cold (Rx1-2a) 3 Ring Christian e Humid Island 4 0-700) (0-210) F3 1 Cryic Orthic 350 1 Innuitian 1 Arctic, 34 Regosol (906) 2 Sverdrup Lowland extremely cold (Rx1-2a) Parry Plateau e Humid 3 Cameron Island 4 0-500 (0-150) F3 1 Cryic Orthic 789 1 Innuitian 1 Arctic, 35 Regosol (2043) 2 Sverdrup Lowland extremely cold (Rx1-2a) 3 Cornwall Island e Humid 4 0-1,500 (0-460) F3 1 Cryic Orthic 493 1 Innuitian 1 Arctic, 36 Regosol (1 277) 2 Sverdrup Lowland extremely cold (Rx1-2a) 3 Graham Island e Humid 4 0-1,900 (0-580) F3 1 Cryic Orthic 2,032 1 Innuitian 1 Arctic, 37 Regosol (5263) 2 Parry Plateau extremely cold (Rx1-2a) 3 Devon Island e Humid 4 0-1,500 (0-460) F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 281 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 38 Regosol (728) 2 Victoria Lowland extremely cold (Rx1-2a) 3 Russell Island e Humid 4 0-700 (0-210) F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 11,146 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 39 Regosol (28867) 2 Victoria Lowland extremely cold (Rx1-2a) 3 Prince of Wales e Humid Island 4 0-800 (0-240) F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 1,815 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 40 Regosol (4701) 2 Victoria Lowland extremely cold (Rx1-2a) 3 Stefanson Island e Humid 4 0-500 (0-150) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating plain Loamy glacial till, Tundra J 12, 13 1 Northwest fluvial & marine Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic

Undulating plain Loamy glacial till, Tundra J 11 1 Northwest fluvial & marine Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic

Undulating plain Loamy glacial till, Tundra J 10, 11 1 Northwest fluvial & marine Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic

Undulating plain Loamy glacial till, Tundra J 12, 13 1 Northwest fluvial & marine Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic

Undulating plain Loamy glacial till, Tundra J 14 1 Northwest fluvial & marine Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic

Undulating plain Loamy glacial till, Tundra J 12, 13 1 Northwest fluvial & marine Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic

Undulating plain Loamy glacial till, Tundra I 12 1 Northwest & marine deposits Wildlife grazing Territories 2 Schematic

Undulating plain Loamy glacial till, Tundra H, I 11, 12 1 Northwest marine & fluvial Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic

Undulating plain Loamy glacial till, Tundra I 10 1 Northwest marine & fluvial Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic F : DOMINANTLY REGOSOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

1 Dominant - Physiography > 40% area 2 Subdominant 1 Region > 20% area rea 2 Division oil climate ymbol 3 Significant 3 Local subdivision Canadian inclusions sq mi 4 Range of Temperature class (FAO/UNESCO) 10-20% ase (km 2) elevation, ft (m) Moisture subclass

F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 572 1 Innuitian 1 Arctic, 41 Regosol (1 481) 2 Sverdrup Lowland extremely cold (Rx1-2a) 3 Eglinton Island e Humid 4 0-700 (0-210) F3 1 Cryic Orthic 5,479 1 Arctic Coastal 1 Arctic, 42 Regosol (14190) Plain extremely cold (Rx1-1c) 2 Island Coastal e Humid Plain 3 Banks Island 4 200-500 (60-150) F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 5,652 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 43 Regosol (14638) 2 Victoria Lowland extremely cold (Rx1-1c) 3 Prince Albert e Humid Peninsula 4 1,000-1,500 (310-460) F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 4,464 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 44 Regosol (11 561) 2 Victoria Lowland extremely cold (Rx1-2a) 3 Victoria Island e Humid 4 0-1,000 (0-310) F3 1 Cryic Orthic 4,429 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 45 Regosol (11 471) 2 Victoria Lowland, extremely cold (Rx1-1c) Shaler Mountains e Humid 4 300-1,000 (90-310) F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 51,214 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 46 Regosol (132 639) 2 Victoria Lowland extremely cold (Rx1-2a) 4 300-1,000 e Humid (90-310) F3 1 Cryic Orthic 2,110 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 47 Regosol (5465) 2 Victoria Lowland extremely cold (Rx1-2a) 3 Kent Peninsula e Humid 4 200-600 (60-180) F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 4,596 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 48 Regosol (11 903) 2 Victoria Lowland extremely cold (Rx1-2a) 3 King William e Humid Island 4 100-300 (30-90) F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 2,065 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 49 Regosol (5348) 2 Victoria Lowland extremely cold (Rx1-2a) 3 Cape Victoria e Humid 4 700-1,200 (210-370) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating plain Loamy glacial till, Tundra I, J 7 1 Northwest marine & fluvial Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic

Hilly to steeply Sandy glacial till, Tundra H, I 6, 7 1 Northwest dissected plain & marine deposits Wildlife grazing Territories 2 Schematic

Hilly to steeply Sandy glacial till, Tundra H, I 7, 8 1 Northwest dissected plain fluvial & marine Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic

Undulating plain Loamy glacial till, Tundra H, I 7, 8, 9 1 Northwest fluvial & marine Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic

Hilly to steeply Sandy glacial till, Tundra H 7, 8, 9 1 Northwest dissected plain fluvial & marine Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic

Undulating plain Stony, loamy Tundra H, I 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 1 Northwest glacial till, Wildlife grazing Territories fluvial & marine 2 Schematic deposits Undulating plain Loamy glacial till, Tundra H 9, 10 1 Northwest fluvial & marine Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic

Undulating plain Sandy, loamy Tundra H 12, 13 1 Northwest glacial till, Wildlife grazing Territories fluvial & marine 2 Schematic deposits

Undulating plain Stony, loamy Tundra H 12, 13 1 Northwest glacial till, Wildlife grazing Territories fluvial & marine 2 Schematic deposits F : DOMINANTLY REGOSOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

1 Dominant Physiography > 40% area 2 Subdominant 1 Region > 20% area Area 2 Division Symbol 3 Significant 3 Local subdivision Canadian inclusions sq mi 4 Range of (FAO/UNEXCO) 10-20% hase (km z) elevation, ft (m)

F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 2,184 1 Arctic Lowlands, 1 Arctic, 50 Regosol (5656) Kazan extremely cold Rx1-2a) 2 Victoria Lowland, e Humid Boothia Plateau Soilclimate 4 200-800 (60-240) TemperatureMoisturesubclassclass F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 2,116 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 51 Regosol (5480) 2 Victoria Lowland extremely cold (Rx1-2a) 3 Adelaide e Humid Peninsula 4 0-200 (0-60) F3 1 Cryic Orthic 32,368 1 Innuitian 1 Arctic, 52 Regosol (83830) 2 Grantland extremely cold (Rx1-2c) Mountains, e Humid Eureka Upland 4 1,000-3,000 (310-910) F3 1 Cryic Orthic 1,627 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 53 Regosol (4214) 2 Victoria Lowland extremely cold (Rx1-2c) 3 Northern Banks e Humid Island 4 1,000-1,500 (310-460) F3 1 Cryic Orthic 1,036 1 Arctic Coastal 1 Arctic, 54 Regosol (2683) Plain, extremely cold (Rx1-2c) Arctic Lowlands e Humid 2 Island Coastal Plain, Victoria Lowland 3 Southern Banks Island 4 0-1,200 (0-370) F3 1 Cryic Orthic 12,231 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 55 Regosol (31 677) 2 Victoria Lowland, extremely cold (Rx1-2c) Shaler Mountains e Humid 4 200-3,000 (60-910) F3 1 Cryic Orthic 4,320 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 56 Regosol (11 188) 2 Victoria Lowland extremely cold (Rx1-2c) 4 300-1,700 e Humid (90-520) F3 1 Cryic Orthic 4,562 1 Innuitian 1 Arctic, 57 Regosol (11 815) 2 Eureka Upland extremely cold (Rx1-2c) 4 800-4,000 e Humid (240-1 220)

F : DOMINANTLY REGOSOLIC SOILS - cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

F3 1 Cryic Orthic 11,040 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 58 Regosol (28592) 2 Lancaster Plateau extremely cold (Rx1-2c) 3 Southern e Humid Ellesmere Island 4 800-2,000 (240-610) F3 1 Cryic Orthic 23,012 1 Innuitian 1 Arctic, 59 Regosol (59599) 2 Victoria & Albert extremely cold (Rx1-2c) Mountains e Humid 3 Ellesmere Island 4 1,000-4,000 (310-1 220) F3 1 Cryic Orthic 7,292 1 Davis 1 Arctic, 60 Regosol (18885) 2 Davis Highlands extremely cold (Rx1-2c) 3 Ellesmere Island e Humid 4 1,000-4,000 (310-1 220) F3 1 Cryic Orthic 201 1 Innuitian 1 Arctic, 61 Regosol (520) 2 Parry Plateau extremely cold (Rx1-2c) 3 North Kent Island e Humid 4 1,000-2,500 (310-760) F3 1 Cryic Orthic 16,541 1 Innuitian 1 Arctic, 62 Regosol (42839) 2 Axel Heiberg extremely cold (Rx1-2c) Mountains e Humid 3 Axel Heiberg Island 4 1,000-3,500 (310-1 070) F3 1 Cryic Orthic 18,712 1 Arctic Lowlands, 1 Arctic, 63 Regosol (48462) Innuitian extremely cold (Rx1-3b) 2 Lancaster Plateau, e Humid Parry Plateau 3 Devon Island 4 500-2,000 (150-610) F3 1 Cryic Orthic 14,229 1 Arctic Coastal 1 Arctic, 64 Regosol (36852) Plain, extremely cold (Rx3-1a) 2 Cryic Eutric Arctic Lowlands e Humid Brunisol 2 Island Coastal Plain, Victoria Lowland 3 Banks Island 4 200-800 (60-240) F3 1 Cryic Orthic 266 1 Innuitian 1 Arctic, 65 Regosol (689) 2 Sverdrup Lowland extremely cold (Rx3-1a) 2 Cryic Eutric 3 Brock Island e Humid Brunisol 4 500-800 (150-240)

F : DOMINANTLY REGOSOLIC SOILS-cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

F3 1 Cryic Orthic 2,017 1 Innuitian 1 Arctic, 66 Regosol (5224) 2 Sverdrup Lowland extremely cold (Rx3-2b) 2 Cryic Eutric 3 Mackenzie King e Humid Brunisol Island 4 0-400 (0-120) F3 1 Cryic Orthic 2,480 1 Arctic Coastal 1 Arctic, 67 Regosol (6423) Plain, extremely cold (Rx3-2b) 2 Cryic Eutric Innuitian e Humid Brunisol 2 Island Coastal Plain, Sverdrup Lowland 3 Prince Patrick Island 4 0-500 (0-150) F3 1 Cryic Orthic 1,039 1 Innuitian, 1 Arctic, 68 Regosol (2691) Arctic Coastal extremely cold (Rx3-2b) 2 Cryic Eutric Plain e Humid Brunisol 2 Sverdrup Lowland, Island Coastal Plain 3 Borden Island 4 500-800 (150-240) F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 74,424 1 Interior Plains 1 Arctic, 69 Regosol (192 751) Kazan extremely cold (Rx5-2a) 2 Cryic Gleysol 2 Horton Plain, e Humid Cryic Fibrisol Anderson Plain, Colville Hills, Coronation Hills 4 1,000-1,400 (310-430) F3 1 Cryic Cumulic 3,369 1 Arctic Coastal 1 Arctic, 70 Regosol (8725) Plain extremely cold (Je27-3a) 2 Cryic Fibrisol 2 Mackenzie Delta e Humid 4 50-100 (20-30) F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 20,936 1 Kazan 1 Arctic, 71 Regosol (54222) 2 Wager Plateau extremely cold (Rx2-1a) 2 Rockland, Kazan Upland e Humid Cryic Gleysol 4 100-800 (30-240) F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 4,079 1 Kazan 1 Arctic, 72 Regosol (10564) 2 Kazan Upland extremely cold (Rx2-1b) 2 Rockland, 4 1,400-1,500 e Humid Cryic Gleysol (430-460) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Rolling plain Loamy glacial till Tundra J 8, 9 1 Northwest & fluvial deposits Wildlife grazing Territories 2 Schematic

Rolling plain Loamy glacial till Tundra J 6, 7 1 Northwest & fluvial deposits Wildlife grazing Territories 2 Schematic

Rolling plain Loamy glacial till Tundra J 8, 9 1 Northwest & fluvial deposits Wildlife grazing Territories 2 Schematic

Undulating to rolling Stony, loamy Tundra G, H 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 1 Northwest plain glacial till, fluvial Wildlife grazing Territories & organic deposits 2 Schematic

Undulating plain Clayey, moderately Tundra G, H 3 1 Northwest calcareous Wildlife grazing Territories alluvial deposits 2 Schematic Organic deposits

Undulating plain Stony, sandy glacial Tundra F, G 13, 14, 15 1 Northwest till & fluvial deposits Wildlife grazing Territories Rockland 2 Schematic (igneous, metamorphic) Rolling plain Stony, sandy Tundra I 16,17 1 Northwest glacial till Wildlife grazing Territories & fluvial deposits 2 Schematic Rockland (igneous, metamorphic) F : DOMINANTLY REGOSOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 2,389 1 Kazan 1 Arctic, 73 Regosol (6187) 2 Boothia Plateau extremely cold (Rx2-1b) 2 Rockland, 4 200-1,400 e Humid Cryic Gleysol (60-430)

F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 552 1 Kazan 1 Arctic, 74 Regosol (1430) 2 Boothia Plateau extremely cold (Rx2-1 b) 2 Rockland, 4 500-800 e Humid Cryic Gleysol (150-240)

F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 147,812 1 Davis 1 Arctic, 75 Regosol (382 818) 2 Baffin Coastal extremely cold (Rx2-1 b) 2 Rockland, Lowland e Humid Cryic Gleysol Davis Highlands Baffin Upland Hall Upland Frobisher Upland Melville Plateau 4 100-2,300 (30-700) F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 59 1 Davis 1 Arctic, 76 Regosol (153) 2 Melville Plateau extremely cold (Rx2-1b) 2 Rockland, 3 Putman Island e Humid Cryic Gleysol 4 0-500 (0-150) F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 19,891 1 Davis 1 Arctic, 77 Regosol (51 516) 2 Melville Plateau extremely cold (Rx2-1b) 2 Rockland, 3 Melville Peninsula e Humid Cryic Gleysol 4 200-1,800 (60-550)

F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 5,799 1 Davis 1 Arctic, 78 Regosol (15019) 2 Melville Plateau extremely cold (Rx2-1 b) 2 Rockland, 3 Southampton Island e Humid Cryic Gleysol 4 200-2,000 (60-610) F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 253,727 1 Kazan 1 Arctic, 79 Regosol (657 127) 2 Back Lowland, extremely cold (Rx2-1b) 2 Rockland, Wager Plateau, e Humid Cryic Gleysol Thelon Plain, Kazan Upland, Bear-Slave Upland 4 400-1,800 (120-550) F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 271 1 Davis 1 Arctic, 80 Regosol (702) 2 Mefville Plateau extremely cold (Rx2-1 b) 2 Rockland, 3 Salisbury Island e Humid Cryic Gleysol 4 0-800 (0-240) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Rolling plain Sandy glacial till Tundra I 13 1 Northwest & fluvial deposits Wildlife grazing Territories Rockland 2 Schematic (igneous, metamorphic) Rolling plain Stony, sandy glacial Tundra H, 1 12 1 Northwest till, fluvial & marine Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic Rockland (sedimentary) Rolling plain Stony, sandy glacial Tundra F, G, H, I 15, 16, 17, 1 Northwest till, fluvial & marine Wildlife grazing 18, 19, 20, 21 Territories deposits 2 Schematic Rockland (igneous, metamorphic)

Rolling plain Stony, sandy glacial Tundra F 17 1 Northwest till, & marine deposits Wildlife grazing Territories Rockland 2 Schematic (igneous, metamorphic) Rolling plain Stony, sandy glacial Tundra G, H 15, 16 1 Northwest till, fluvial & marine Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic Rockland (igneous, metamorphic) Rolling plain Stony, sandy glacial Tundra F, G 15, 16 1 Northwest till & fluvial deposits Wildlife grazing Territories Rockland 2 Schematic (igneous, metamorphic) Rolling plain Stony, sandy glacial Tundra F, G, H 8, 9, 10, 11, 1 Northwest till & fluvial deposits Wildlife grazing 12, 13, 14, 15 Territories Rockland 2 Schematic (igneous, metamorphic)

Rolling plain Stony, sandy Tundra F 17 1 Northwest glacial till Wildlife grazing Territories Rockland 2 Schematic (igneous, metamorphic) F : DOMINANTLY REGOSOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 488 1 Davis 1 Arctic, 81 Regosol (1 264) 2 Melville Plateau extremely cold (Rx2-1 b) 2 Rockland, 3 Nottingham Island e Humid Cryic Gleysol 4 0-1,000 (0-310) F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 316 1 Davis 1 Arctic, 82 Regosol (818) 2 Frobisher Upland extremely cold (Rx2-1 b) 2 Rockland, 4 700-1,100 e Humid Cryic Gleysol (210-340)

F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 3,423 1 Davis 1 Arctic, 83 Regosol (8865) Arctic Lowlands, extremely cold (Rx4-1a) 2 Rockland 2 Melville Plateau e Humid Foxe Plain 4 400-800 (120-240) F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 670 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 84 Regosol (1 735) 2 Foxe Plain extremely cold (Rx4-1a) 2 Rockland 4 200-700 e Humid (60-210)

F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 286 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 85 Regosol (741) 2 Foxe Plain extremely cold (Rx4-1a) 2 Rockland 3 Monk Island e Humid 4 0-120 (0-40)

F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 429 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 86 Regosol (1 111) 2 Foxe Plain extremely cold (Rx4-1a) 2 Rockland 3 Rowley Island e Humid 4 0-100 (0-30)

F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 143 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 87 Regosol (370) 2 Foxe Plain extremely cold (Rx4-1a) 2 Rockland 3 Koch Island e Humid 4 0-100 (0-30)

F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 681 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 88 Regosol (1 764) 2 Foxe Plain extremely cold (Rx4-1a) 2 Rockland 3 Bray Island e Humid Baird Peninsula 4 0-200 (0-60) hysical haracteristics eference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Rolling plain Stony, sandy Tundra F 17 1 Northwest glacial till Wildlife grazing Territories Rockland 2 Schematic (igneous, metamorphic) Rolling plain Stony, sandy glacial Tundra F 20 1 Northwest till & fluvial deposits Wildlife grazing Territories Rockland 2 Schematic (igneous, metamorphic) Undulating plain Stony, sandy glacial Tundra H, G 16 1 Northwest till, fluvial & marine Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic Rockland (igneous, metamorphic) Undulating plain Stony, sandy glacial Tundra H 17 1 Northwest till, fluvial & marine Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic Rockland (igneous, metamorphic) Undulating plain Stony, sandy glacial Tundra H 16, 17 1 Northwest till fluvial & marine Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic Rockland (igneous, metamorphic)

Undulating plain Stony, sandy glacial Tundra H 17 1 Northwest till, fluvial & marine Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic Rockland (igneous, metamorphic)

Undulating plain Stony, sandy glacial Tundra H 17 1 Northwest till, fluvial & marine Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic Rockland (igneous, matamorphic)

Undulating plain Stony, sandy glacial Tundra H 17, 18 1 Northwest till, fluvial & marine Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic Rockland (igneous, metamorphic) F : DOMINANTLY REGOSOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 227 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 89 Regosol (588) 2 Foxe Plain extremely cold (Rx4-1a) 2 Rockland 3 Foley Island e Humid 4 0-100 (0-30)

F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 1,041 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 90 Regosol (2696) 2 Foxe Plain extremely cold (Rx4-1a) 2 Rockland 3 Prince Charles e Humid Island 4 0-100 (0-30)

F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 9,311 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 91 Regosol (24114) 2 Foxe Plain extremely cold (Rx4-1a) 2 Rockland 3 Great Plain of e Humid the Kowkdjuak 4 100-900 (30-120) F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 8,385 1 Hudson 1 Arctic, 92 Regosol (21 716) 2 Southampton extremely cold (Rx4-2a) 2 Rockland Plain e Humid 3 Southampton Island 4 250-350 (80-110)

F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 902 1 Hudson 1 Arctic, 93 Regosol (2336) 2 Southampton extremely cold (Rx4-2a) 2 Rockland Plain e Humid 3 Bell Peninsula 4 0-400 (0-120)

F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 2,110 1 Hudson 1 Arctic, 94 Regosol (5465) 2 Southampton extremely cold (Rx4-2a) 2 Rockland Plain e Humid 3 Coats Island 4 400-500 (120-150)

F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 1,179 1 Hudson 1 Arctic, 95 Regosol (3053) 2 Southampton extremely cold (Rx4-2a) 2 Rockland Plain e Humid 3 Mansel Island 4 0-500 (0-50) Physical characteristics -- Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating plain Stony, sandy glacial Tundra H 18 1 Northwest till, fluvial & marine Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic Rockland (igneous, metamorphic)

Undulating plain Stony, sandy glacial Tundra G, H 17, 18 1 Northwest till, fluvial & marine Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic Rockland (igneous, metamorphic)

Undulating plain Stony, sandy glacial Tundra G 18, 19 1 Northwest till, fluvial & marine Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic Rockland (igneous, metamorphic) Undulating plain Stony, loamy strongly Tundra F, G 15, 16 1 Northwest calcareous Wildlife grazing Territories glacial till, fluvial 2 Schematic & marine deposits Rockland (igneous, metamorphic)

Undulating plain Stony, loamy strongly Tundra F, G 16 1 Northwest calcareous Wildlife grazing Territories glacial till, fluvial 2 Schematic & marine deposits Rockland (igneous, metamorphic)

Undulating plain Stony, loamy strongly Tundra F 16 1 Northwest calcareous Wildlife grazing Territories glacial till, fluvial 2 Schematic & marine deposits Rockland (igneous, metamorphic)

Undulating plain Stony, loamy strongly Tundra H 17 1 Northwest calcareous Wildlife grazing Territories glacial till, fluvial 2 Schematic & marine deposits Rockland (igneous, metamorphic) F : DOMINANTLY REGOSOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 113 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 96 Regosol (293) 2 Foxe Plain extremely cold (Rx4-1a) 2 Rockland 3 Spicer Island e Humid 4 200-500 (120-150) F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 502 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 97 Regosol (1 300) 2 Foxe Plain extremely cold (Rx4-1a) 2 Rockland 3 Air Force Island e Humid 4 200-500 (120-150)

F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 350 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 98 Regosol (906) 2 Boothia Plain extremely cold (Rx4-1a) 2 Rockland 3 Wales Island e Humid 4 200-500 (120-150)

F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 118 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 99 Regosol (306) Kazan extremely cold (Rx4-2a) 2 Rockland 2 Victoria Lowland e Humid Boothia Plateau 3 Prescott Island 4 300-700 (90-210) F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 236 1 Davis 1 Arctic, 100 Regosol (611) 2 Melville Plateau extremely cold (Rx4-1a) 2 Rockland 3 White Island e Humid 4 300-700 (90-210)

F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 305 1 Davis 1 Arctic, 101 Regosol (790) 2 Melville Plateau extreme cold (Rx4-1a) 2 Rockland 3 Vansittart Island e Humid 4 300-700 (90-210)

F3 1 Cryic Orthic Stony 128 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 102 Regosol (331) 2 Boothia Plain extremely cold (Rx4-1b) 2 Rockland 3 Crown Prince e Humid Frederick Island 4 0-300 (0-90) F3 1 Cryic Orthic 133 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 103 Regosol (344) 2 Victoria Lowland extremely cold (Rx4-2ab) 2 Rockland 3 Royal e Humid Geographical Society Island 4 0-300 (0-90) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Gently undulating plain Stony, sandy marine Tundra H 17 1 Northwest deposits Wildlife grazing Territories Rockland 2 Schematic (igneous, metamorphic) Gently undulating plain Stony, sandy marine Tundra G, H 18 1 Northwest deposits Wildlife grazing Territories Rockland 2 Schematic (igneous, metamorphic)

Gently undulating plain Stony, sandy glacial Tundra G, H 15 1 Northwest till & marine Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic Rockland (igneous, metamorphic) Gently undulating plain Stony, loamy glacial Tundra I 12 1 Northwest till deposits Wildlife grazing Territories Rockland 2 Schematic (igneous, metamorphic)

Gently undulating plain Stony, sandy glacial Tundra G 15 1 Northwest till & marine Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic Rockland (igneous, metamorphic) Undulating plain Stony, sandy glacial Tundra G 15, 16 1 Northwest till & marine Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic Rockland (igneous, metamorphic) Rolling plain Stony, sandy glacial Tundra H 15 1 Northwest till & marine Wildlife grazing Territories deposits 2 Schematic Rockland (igneous, metamorphic) Undulating to rolling Loamy glacial till Tundra H 11 1 Northwest plain & marine deposits Wildlife grazing Territories Rockland 2 Schematic (igneous, metamorphic) F : DOMINANTLY REGOSOLIC SOILS-concl'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

F3 1 Cryic Orthic 125 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 104 Regosol (324) 2 Victoria Lowland extremely cold (Rx4-2a) 2 Rockland 3 Jenny Lind Island e Humid " 4 0-300 (0-90) F3 1 Cryic Orthic 104 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 105 Regosol (269) 2 Victoria Lowland extremely cold (Rx4-2a) 2 Rockland 3 Melbourne Island e Humid 4 0-300 (0-90) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Gently undulating plain Loamy glacial till Tundra H 11 1 Northwest & marine deposits Wildlife grazing Territories Rockland 2 Schematic (igneous, metamorphic) Gently undulating plain Loamy glacial till Tundra H 10 1 Northwest & marine deposits Wildlife grazing Territories Rockland 2 Schematic (igneous, metamorphic) G : DOMINANTLY GLEYSOLIC SOILS

Map unit

Soil subgroups

1 Dominant Physiography > 40% area 2 Subdominant 1 Region > 20% area Area 2 Division oil climate ymbol 3 Significant 3 Local subdivision Canadian inclusions sq mi 4 Range of Temperature class (FAO/UN ESCO) 10-20% ase (km 2) elevation, ft (m) Moisture subclass

G1 Humic Gleysol G1 1 Orthic Humic 257 1 St . Lawrence 4.2 Boreal, 1 Gleysol (666) Lowlands moderately cool (Gm3-3a) 3 Orthic 2 Central d Perhumid Humo-Ferric St . Lawrence c Subaquic Podzol Lowland inclusions 4 50-200 (20-60) G1 1 Orthic Humic 651 ' 1 St. Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 2 G leysol (1 686) Lowlands e Humid (Gm3-3a) 3 Orthic 2 Central c Subaquic Humo-Ferric St . Lawrence inclusions Podzol Lowland 4 100-350 (30-110) G1 1 Orthic Humic 557 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 3 Gleysol (1442) Lowlands e Humid (Gm3-3/1 a) 2 Orthic 2 Central c Subaquic Humo-Ferric St . Lawrence inclusions Podzol Lowland 4 200-400 (60-120) G1 1 Orthic Humic 552 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 4 Gleysol (1430) Lowlands e Humid (Gm3-3a) 2 Central c Subaquic St . Lawrence inclusions Lowland 4 50-200 (20-60) G1 1 Orthic Humic 212 1 St. Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 5 Gleysol (549) Lowlands f Subhumid (Gm3-3a) 2 West St . Lawrence c Subaquic Lowland inclusions 4 500-600 (150-180) G1 1 Orthic Humic 158 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 6 Gleysol (409) Lowlands e Humid (Gm3-3a) 2 West St . Lawrence c Subaquic Lowland inclusions 4 1,000-1,300 (310-400) G1 1 Orthic Humic 2,382 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 7 Gleysol (6169) Lowlands f Subhumid (Gm3-3a) 3 Orthic Gray 2 West St . Lawrence c Subaquic Brown Luvisol Lowland inclusions 4 600-700 (180-210) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Nearly level plain Clayey, slightly Field crops B 18 1 Quebec calcareous Improved pasture 2 Soil survey glacial till & forage & marine deposits

Nearly level plain Clayey, slightly Field crops B 17, 18 1 Ontario calcareous Improved pasture 2 Soil survey glacial till, lacustrine & forage & marine deposits

Nearly level plain Clayey to sandy, Field crops B 18 1 Ontario slightly to moderately Improved pasture 2 Soil survey calcareous & forage glacial till & lacustrine deposits

Nearly level plain Clayey, slightly Field crops B 18 1 Quebec calcareous Improved pasture 2 Soil survey marine deposits & forage

Nearly level plain Clayey, moderately Field crops A 17 1 Ontario calcareous lacustrine Improved pasture 2 Soil survey deposits & forage

Nearly level plain Clayey, moderately Field crops A 16 1 Ontario calcareous Improved pasture 2 Soil survey glacial till & forage

Nearly level plain Clayey, moderately Field crops A 16 1 Ontario calcareous Improved pasture 2 Soil survey glacial till & forage & lacustrine deposits Horticultural crops G : DOMINANTLY GREYSOLIC SOILS - cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

G1 1 Orthic Humic 469 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 8 Gleysol (1 215) 2 Fort Nelson cold (Gm3-3a) 3 Saline Gleysol Lowland e Humid 4 1,000-1,100 b Aquic (310-340) inclusions

G1 1 Orthic Humic 419 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 9 Gleysol (1 085) 2 Peace River cold (Gm3-3a) 3 Orthic Gleysol Lowland ef Humid to 4 1,900-2,350 subhumid (580-720) b Aquic inclusions

G1 1 Orthic Humic 266 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 10 Gleysol (689) 2 Alberta Plain cold (Gm3-3a) 3 Orthic Gleysol 4 2,100-2,200 ef Humid to (640-670) subhumid b Aquic inclusions G1 1 Orthic Humic 305' 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 11 Gleysol (790) 2 Alberta Plain cold (Gm3-2a) 4 2,100-2,200 ef Humid to (640-670) subhumid b Aquic inclusions G1 1 Orthic Humic 143 1 Cordilleran, 4.2 Boreal, 12 Gleysol (370) Southern Plateau moderately cool (Gm7-2a) 2 Orthic Regosol and Mountain f Subhumid Area c Subaquic 2 Columbia inclusions Mountains 3 Kootenay River Valley, Creston Flats 4 1,750-2,000 (530-610) G1 1 Orthic Humic 424 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 13 Gleysol (1 098) 2 Saskatchewan g Semiarid (Gm9-3a) 2 Grumic Dark Plain c Subaquic Brown 3 Assiniboine River inclusions Chernozemic Plain Rouleau Flats 4 1,850-1,875 (560-570) G1 1 Orthic Humic 448 1 Interior Plains 4.1 Boreal, cool 14 Gleysol (1 160) 2 Manitoba Plain f Subhumid (Gm6-3a) 2 Calcareous Black 4 700-800 c Subaquic Chernozemic (210-240) inclusions hysical characteristics eference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Nearly level plain Clayey, slightly Productive E 7 1 Alberta with depressional basins saline, slightly mixed forest 2 Soil survey calcareous Meadow bog lacustrine deposits Rough grazing & rangeland Woodland grazing Nearly level plain Clayey, loamy, Productive D 7 1 Alberta slightly calcareous mixed forest 2 Soil survey alluvial deposits Meadow bog Rough grazing & rangeland Woodland grazing Nearly level plain Loamy, moderately Meadow bog D 8 1 Alberta calcareous Rough grazing 2 Soil survey glacial till & rangeland & lacustrine deposits

Nearly level to Loamy, moderately Meadow bog D 8 1 Alberta undulating plain calcareous Rough grazing 2 Soil survey glacial till & rangeland

Nearly level Loamy, moderately Field crops C 7 1 British Columbia to undulating plain calcareous Rough grazing 2 Soil survey alluvial deposits & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs)

Nearly level plain Clayey, moderately Field crops C10 1 Saskatchewan calcareous, alluvial (wheat specialty) 2 Soil survey & lacustrine deposits

Nearly level plain Clayey, moderately Field crops C 12 1 Manitoba to strongly (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey calcareous Improved pasture lacustrine deposits & forage G : DOMINANTLY GLEYSOLIC SOILS - cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

G1 1 Orthic Humic 1,341 1 Interior Plains 3.1-3 .2 15 G leysol (3473) 2 Manitoba Plain Cryoboreal, (Gm8-2a) 2 Mesisol 4 850-900 cold to (260-270) moderately cold fe Subhumid to humid c Subaquic inclusions G1 1 Orthic Humic 325 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 16 Gleysol (842) 2 Manitoba Plain moderately cold (Gm8-2a) 2 Mesisol 4 1,000-1,400 fe Subhumid (310-430) to humid

G1 1 Orthic Humic 1,287 1 Cordilleran 5.1 Mesic, mild 17 Gleysol (3333) Coastal Lowlands Mm Maritime (Gh5-2a) 2 Orthic Dystric 2 Fraser Lowland influence Brunisol 4 0-500 ef Humid to Orthic (0-150) subhumid Humo-Ferric c Subaquic Podzol inclusions 3 Orthic Regosol G1 1 Orthic Humic 3,245 1 Interior Plains 2-3.1 18 Gleysol (8404) 2 Great Slave Plain Subarctic, (Gm7-3a) 2 Cumulic Regosol 4 550-850 very cold to (160-260) Cryoboreal, cold fe Subhumid to humid c Subaquic inclusions G1 1 Orthic Humic 69 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 19 Gleysol (179) Lowlands e Humid (Gm3-3a) 2 West St . Lawrence c Subaquic Lowland inclusions 4 600-800 (180-240) G2 Orthic Gleysol G2 1 Orthic Gleysol 106 1 St . Lawrence 5.1 Mesic, mild 20 (274) Lowlands e Humid (Gm3-3a) 2 West St . Lawrence c Subaquic Lowland inclusions 4 200-300 (60-90) G2 1 Orthic Gleysol 4,157 1 Hudson 2 Subarctic, 21 (10766) 2 Hudson Bay very cold (Gel 3-3a) Lowland e Humid 4 0-400 c Subaquic (0-120) inclusions hysical haracteristics eference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Nearly level Loamy, moderately Nonproductive D 11 1 Manitoba to undulating plain calcareous alluvial mixed forest 2 Soil survey & lacustrine deposits Meadow bog Rough grazing & rangeland Field crops

Nearly level Loamy, moderately Field crops C 12 1 Manitoba to undulating plain to strongly Improved pasture 2 Soil survey calcareous & forage lake-modified glacial Meadow bog till deposits Rough grazing & rangeland Nonproductive mixed forest Level to gently Loamy glacial till, Field crops C 6 1 British Columbia rolling plain marine & glaciofluvial (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey deposits Improved pasture & forage Barren or nearly barren

Level to undulating Clayey, moderately Nonproductive F 8 1 Northwest plain to strongly coniferous forest Territories calcareous alluvial Meadow bog 2 Soil survey deposits

Level to undulating Clayey, moderately Field crops A 16 1 Ontario plain calcareous (mixed grains) B 16 2 Soil survey lacustrine & alluvial Improved pasture deposits & forage

Level to undulating Clayey, moderately Field crops B 18 1 Ontario plain calcareous (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey lacustrine & alluvial Improved pasture deposits & forage

Level to undulating Clayey, strongly Nonproductive D 15, 16 1 Ontario plain calcareous lacustrine coniferous forest 2 Schematic & marine deposits Swamp or marsh G : DOMINANTLY GLEYSOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

G2 1 Orthic Gleysol 1,006 1 Hudson 2 Subarctic, 22 (2605) 2 Hudson Bay very cold (Gel 3-3a) Lowland e Humid 4 O-100 c Subaquic (0-120) inclusions G2 1 Orthic Gleysol 1,173 1 Cordilleran, 4.2 Boreal, 23 2 Orthic Eutric (3028) Southern Plateau moderately cool (Ge12-2a) Brunisol and Mountain fg Subhumid to Area semiarid 2 Southern Rocky c Subaquic Mountain Trench inclusions 3 Columbia River Valley 4 2,600-3,500 (790-1 070) G2 1 Orthic Gleysol 2,017 1 Hudson 3.2 Cryoboreal, 24 2 Fibrisol (5224) 2 Hudson Bay moderately cold (Gel 5-3a) Lowland d Perhumid 4 0-500 b-c Aquic to (0-150) subaquic inclusions

G2 1 Orthic Gleysol 1,395 1 Hudson, 3.2 Cryoboreal, 25 2 Fibrisol (3613) James moderately cold (Gel 5-3a) 2 Hudson Bay d Perhumid Lowland, b-c Aquic to Abitibi Upland subaquic 4 0-600 inclusions (0-180) G2 1 Orthic Gleysol 3,787 1 James 4.1 Boreal, cool 26 2 Fibrisol (9808) 2 Abitibi Upland d Perhumid (Gel 5-3a) 3 Orthic Gray 4 900-1,100 c Subaquic Luvisol (270-340) inclusions

G2 1 Orthic Gleysol 660 1 Laurentian 4.1 Boreal, cool 27 2 Orthic Dystric (1709) 2 Laurentian d Perhumid (Ge14-2/3a) Brunisol Highlands c Subaquic 3 Fibrisol 3 Lac St. Jean inclusions Lowlands 4 320-500 (100-150) G2 1 Orthic Gleysol 483 1 Laurentian 4.1 Boreal, cool 28 2 Orthic Dystric (1 251) 2 Laurentian d Perhumid (Gel 4-2/3a) Brunisol Highlands c Subaquic 3 Orthic Humic 3 Lieure River Valley inclusions Gleysol 4 800-1,000 (240-310) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Level to undulating Clayey, strongly Nonproductive E14,15 1 Ontario plain calcareous lacustrine coniferous forest 2 Schematic & marine deposits Swamp or marsh

Undulating plain Loamy, moderately Productive C7 1 British Columbia calcareous alluvial, coniferous forest 2 Soil survey lacustrine, & fluvial Rough grazing deposits & rangeland (grasses, forbs, shrubs)

Nearly level to gently Clayey to loamy, Nonproductive C16 1 Ontario undulating plain moderately coniferous forest 2 Schematic calcareous glacial Swamp or marsh till, lacustrine, marine & organic deposits

Nearly level Clayey to loamy, Nonproductive C16 1 Ontario to undulating plain moderately coniferous forest 2 Schematic calcareous glacial Swamp or marsh till, lacustrine, marine, & organic deposits

Nearly level Clayey, moderately Field crops C16 1 Ontario to undulating plain calcareous glacial (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey till, lacustrine Improved pasture & organic deposits & forage Productive coniferous upland forest, nonproductive coniferous lowland forest Undulating plain Loamy to clayey, Field crops C 18, 19 1 Quebec slightly calcareous (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey glaciofluvial Improved pasture & lacustrine deposits & forage Productive mixed forest

Undulating plain Loamy to clayey, Field crops B18 1 Quebec glacial till (mixed grains) 2 Soil survey & lacustrine deposits Improved pasture & forage Productive mixed forest G : DOMINANTLY GLEYSOLIC SOILS - cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

G2 1 Orthic Gleysol 2,746 1 Laurentian 4.1-4 .2 29 2 Orthic Dystric (7112) St . Lawrence Boreal, cool to (Ge14-2/3a) Brunisol Lowlands moderately cool 3 Orthic 2 Laurentian e Humid H umo-Ferric Highlands c Subaquic Podzol Central inclusions St . Lawrence Lowland 4 200-800 (60-240) G2 1 Orthic Gleysol Rocky 2,999 1 James 3.2-4 .1 30 2 Rockland (7767) 2 Abitibi Upland Cryoboreal, (Gel 1-3b) 4 500-1,000 moderately cold (150-310) to Boreal, cool d Perhumid c Subaquic inclusions G2 1 Orthic Gleysol Rocky 982 1 James 4.1 Boreal, cool 31 2 Rockland (2543) 2 Abitibi Upland ed Humid to (Gel 1-3ab) 4 900-1,000 perhumid (270-310) c Subaquic inclusions

G2 1 Orthic Gleysol Rocky 612 1 Laurentian 4.2 Boreal, 32 2 Rockland (1 585) 2 Laurentian moderately cool (Gel 1-3ab) Highlands e Humid 4 600-1,000 c Subaquic (180-310) inclusions

G2 1 Orthic Gleysol 22,554 1 Interior Plains 2-3 .1 33 2 Cryic Fibrisol, (58413) 2 Great Slave Plain Subarctic, (Ge3-3a) Orthic Gray 4 1,000-2,200 very cold to Luvisol (310-670) Cryoboreal, 3 Orthic Eutric cold Brunisol, fe Subhumid Orthic Gleysol to humid c Subaquic inclusions G2 1 Orthic Gleysol 1,021 1 Interior Plains 2-3.1 34 2 Cryic Fibrisol, (2644) 2 Great Slave Plain Subarctic, (Ge3-2b) Orthic Gray 3 Alberta Uplands, very cold to Luvisol Caribou Hills Cryoboreal, 4 1,000-3,000 cold (310-910) fe Subhumid to humid c Subaquic inclusions Physical characteristics eference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating plain Loamy and clayey Productive B 17, 18 1 Quebec glacial till, sands mixed forest 2 Soil survey over glacial till, Improved pasture marine & lacustrine & forage clay deposits

Undulating to rolling Clayey, moderately Productive C 16 1 Ontario calcareous lacustrine coniferous forest 2 Soil survey deposits Field crops Rockland (mixed grains) (igneous Improved pasture & metamorphic) & forage

Undulating to rolling Clayey, moderately Productive C 16 1 Ontario calcareous coniferous forest 2 Soil survey lacustrine deposits Field crops Rockland (mixed grains) (igneous Improved pasture & metamorphic) & forage Undulating to hilly Clayey, slightly Nonproductive B 16, 17 1 Ontario to moderately mixed forest 2 Soil survey calcareous glacial Improved pasture till & lacustrine & forage deposits Rockland (igneous & metamorphic) Undulating plain Clayey, slightly Productive, E, F 6, 7, 8 1 Alberta, Northwest calcareous lacustrine, coniferous Territories glaciofluvial, upland forest, 2 Exploratory & beach deposits nonproductive, lowland swamp forest

Rolling plain Loamy, moderately Productive E 8 1 Alberta to strongly calcareous coniferous 2 Exploratory glacial till upland forest G : DOMINANTLY GLEYSOLIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

G2 1 Orthic Gleysol 7,008 1 Hudson 2 Subarctic, 35 2 Cryic Fibrisol, (18150) 2 Hudson Bay very cold (Ge3-3a) Orthic Gray Lowland e Humid Luvisol 4 100-500 c Subaquic (30-150) inclusions G2 1 Orthic Gleysol 1,159 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 36 2 Orthic Eutric (3002) 2 Great Slave Plain cold (Gel 2-1 a) Brunisol 4 750-800 fe Subhumid (230-240) to humid c Subaquic inclusions G2 1 Orthic Gleysol 385 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 37 3 Saline Gleysol (997) 2 Great Slave Plain cold (Gel 3-3a) 3 Slave River fe Subhumid Lowland to humid 4 500-700 c Subaquic (150-210) inclusions G3 Cryic Gleysol G3 1 Cryic Gleysol 1,993 1 Cordilleran, 1 Arctic, 40 3 Orthic Melanic (5162) Porcupine extremely cold (Gx1-2a) Brunisol Mountain Area e Humid 2 Porcupine Plateau 3 Old Crow Plain 4 1,000-1,250 (310-380) G3 1 Cryic Gleysol 1,326 1 Cordilleran, 1 Arctic, 41 (3434) Porcupine extremely cold (Gx1-2a) Mountain Area e Humid 2 Porcupine Plateau 3 Eagle Plain 4 1,000-1,500 (310-460) G3 1 Cryic Gleysol 793 1 Arctic Coastal 1 Arctic, 42 2 Cryic Regosol (2054) Plain extremely cold (Gx3-1a) 3 Fibrisol 2 Mackenzie Delta e Humid 4 150-200 (50-60) G3 1 Cryic Gleysol 8,152 1 Arctic Coastal 1 Arctic, 43 2 Cryic Regosol (21 113) Plain extremely cold (Gx3-2/3a) 2 Mackenzie Delta e Humid 3 Anderson Plain 4 200-350 (60-110) G3 1 Cryic Gleysol 710 1 Arctic Coastal 1 Arctic, 44 2 Cryic Regosol (1 839) Plain extremely cold (Gx3-2/3a) 2 Mackenzie Delta e Humid 4 150-200 (50-60) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Nearly level Clayey, strongly Nonproductive D 14, 15 1 Ontario to undulating plain calcareous glacial coniferous forest 2 Schematic till, lacustrine Swamp forest & organic deposits

Level to undulating Sandy, alluvial Nonproductive E, F 8, 9 1 Alberta, Northwest plain & deltaic deposits coniferous forest Territories Outdoor recreation 2 Soil survey

Nearly level Clayey alluvial Nonproductive E 8, 9 1 Alberta to undulating plain deposits coniferous forest 2 Exploratory Meadow bog

Level to undulating Loamy alluvial Nonproductive G, H 1, 2 1 Yukon Territory plain deposits coniferous forest 2 Exploratory

Level to undulating Loamy, glacial till Nonproductive G 2 1 Yukon Territory plain & glaciofluvial coniferous forest 2 Schematic deposits

Level to undulating Sandy glacial till, Nonproductive H 4 1 Northwest plain glaciofluvial & coniferous forest Territories beach deposits Tundra 2 Exploratory

Level to undulating Loamy & clayey Tundra H 3, 4,5 1 Northwest plain glacial till & Nonproductive Territories glaciofluvial coniferous forest 2 Exploratory deposits

Level to undulating Loamy & clayey Tundra H 3 1 Northwest plain glacial till Nonproductive Territories glaciofluvial & coniferous forest 2 Exploratory alluvium deposits G : DOMINANTLY GLEYSOLIC SOILS - concl'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

G3 1 Cryic Gleysol 1,030 1 Arctic Coastal 1 Arctic, 45 2 Cryic Cumulic (2667) Plain extremely cold (Gx2-2a) Regosol 2 Yukon Coastal e Humid Plain 2 200-300 (60-90) G3 1 Cryic Gleysol 557 1 Cordilleran, 1 Arctic, 46 2 Cryic Cumulic (1 442) Porcupine extremely cold (Gx2-1 b) Regosol Mountain Area e Humid 2 Porcupine Plateau, Richardson Mountains 4 1,550-2,000 (470-610) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Level to undulating Loamy glacial till, Tundra H1,2 1 Yukon Territory plain glaciofluvial & 2 Exploratory alluvium deposits

Rolling to hilly Sandy glacial till & Tundra H2 1 Yukon Territory glaciofluvial 2 Exploratory deposits

207 H : DOMINANTLY ORGANIC SOILS

Map unit

Soil subgroups

H1 Fibrisol & Mesisol H1 1 Fibrisol 153 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 1 3 Dark Gray (396) 2 Alberta Plateau cold (Od1-a) Luvisol 4 1,400-1,800 e Humid (430-550) b Aquic inclusions

H1 1 Fibrisol 3,822 1 Interior Plains 3.1-3 .2 2 3 Orthic Gray (9898) 2 Manitoba Plain Cryoboreal, (Od1-a) Luvisol 3 Namew Lake cold to Plain moderately cold Deschambault e Humid Lake Plain b Aquic inclusions 4 900-1,100 (270-340) H1 1 Fibrisol 16,132 1 Hudson 3.2 Cryoboreal, 3 3 Orthic Gray (41 780) 2 Hudson Bay moderately cold (Od1-a) Luvisol Lowland d Perhumid 4 200-600 b Aquic inclusions (60-180) H1 1 Fibrisol 143 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 4 2 Orthic Gleysol (370) 2 Peace River cold (Od8-3a) Lowland e Humid 4 1,500-1,800 b Aquic (460-550) inclusions

H1 1 Fibrisol 7,191 1 Hudson, 3.2 Cryoboreal, 5 2 Orthic Gleysol (18624) James moderately cold (Ode-3a) 3 Orthic Gray 2 Hudson Bay d Perhumid Luvisol Lowland, b Aquic Orthic Abitibi Upland inclusions Humo-Ferric 4 800-1,000 Podzol (240-310) H1 1 Fibrisol 1,908 1 Interior Plains 3.1-3 .2 6 2 Orthic Gleysol (4941) 2 Manitoba Plain Cryoboreal, (Oe2-2a) Cumulic Regosol 3 Saskatchewan cold to Delta moderately cold 4 900-1,100 fe Subhumid (270-340) to humid bc Aquic to subaquic inclusions H1 1 Fibrisol 14,583 1 James, 3.2 Cryoboreal, 7 2 Orthic (37768) Hudson moderately cold (Od9-1 /2/3a) Humo-Ferric 2 Eastmain d Perhumid Podzol Lowland, b Aquic Orthic Gleysol Abitibi Upland, inclusions Hudson Bay Lowland 4 100-400 (30-120) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Level to undulating Organic deposits Productive, mixed E7 1 Alberta plain over coarse upland forest, 2 Exploratory glaciofluvial nonproductive, deposits lowland, coniferous swamp forest Level to undulating Organic deposits Productive, mixed D 10, 11 1 Saskatchewan plain over coarse fluvial upland forest, 2 Soil survey & fine lacustrine nonproductive, clay deposits lowland, coniferous swamp forest

Level to undulating Organic & Nonproductive C,D15,16 1 Ontario plain moderately coniferous forest 2 Schematic calcareous, Swamp forest lacustrine & glaciofluvial deposits Level to undulating Organic & Productive, mixed E7 1 Alberta plain moderately upland forest, 2 Exploratory calcareous, clayey nonproductive, lacustrine deposits lowland, coniferous swamp forest

Undulating plain Organic & Productive, upland C16 1 Ontario moderately coniferous forest, 2 Schematic calcareous, clayey nonproductive, glacial till & lowland, coniferous lacustrine deposits swamp forest

Level to undulating Organic & loamy Nonproductive D 11, 12 1 Saskatchewan plain alluvial deposits mixed & coniferous 2 Soil survey swamp forest

Undulating plain Organic & sandy to Nonproductive, C16,17 Quebec clayey glaciofluvial coniferous, lowland 2 Schematic glacial till & swamp forest, lacustrine deposits productive, coniferous upland forest H : DOMINANTLY ORGANIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

H1 1 Fibrisol 2,767 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 8 2 Orthic (7166) 2 Alberta Plateau cold (Od5-1a) Humo-Ferric 4 1,400-1,600 e Humid Podzol (430-490) bc Aquic to 3 Orthic Gleysol subaquic inclusions H1 1 Fibrisol 517 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 9 2 Degraded Dystric (1334) 2 Peace River cold (Od5-1 a) Brunisol Lowland e Humid 3 Orthic Gleysol 4 2,000-2,400 b Aquic (610-730) inclusions H1 1 Fibrisol 502 1 Interior Plains 3.1 -3.2 10 2 Orthic (1300) 2 Saskatchewan Cryoboreal, (Od5-1a) Humo-Ferric Plain cold to Podzol 3 Ile a la Crosse moderately cold 3 Orthic Gray Lowland e Humid Luvisol 4 1,400-1,500 b Aquic (430-460) inclusions H1 1 Fibrisol 1,425 1 Interior Plains 3.1 -3.2 11 2 Orthic (3691) 2 Saskatchewan Cryoboreal, (Od5-1a) Humo-Ferric Plain cold to Podzol Manitoba Plain moderately cold 3 Orthic Gray 4 1,200-1,500 e Humid Luvisol (370-460) b Aquic inclusions H1 1 Fibrisol 1,499 1 James 3.2 Cryoboreal, 12 2 Orthic (3882) 2 Abitibi Upland moderately cold (Od5-1a) Humo-Ferric 4 1,000-1,500 d Perhumid Podzol (310-460) b Aquic 3 Orthic Gleysol inclusions

H1 1 Fibrisol 809 1 James 3.2 Cryoboreal, 13 2 Orthic (2095) 2 Abitibi Upland moderately cold (Od5-1 a) Humo-Ferric 4 1,000-1,500 e Perhumid Podzol (310-460) b Aquic 3 Orthic Gleysol inclusions

H1 1 Fibrisol 1,844 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 14 2 Orthic Eutric (4776) 2 Peace River cold (Od4-1a) Brunisol Lowland, e Humid Great Slave Plain b Aquic 4 700-1,100 inclusions (210-340) H1 1 Fibrisol 1,815 1 Interior Plains 3 .1 Cryoboreal, 15 2 Orthic Gray (4701) 2 Peace River cold (Od2-2a) Luvisol Lowland, e Humid Alberta Plateau b Aquic 4 1,900-2,100 inclusions (580-640) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating plain Organic & sandy Productive, mixed E 8, 9 1 Alberta glacial till & fluvial upland forest ; 2 Exploratory deposits nonproductive, lowland, coniferous swamp forest

Undulating plain Organic & weakly Productive, mixed D7 1 Alberta calcareous, sandy upland forest ; 2 Soil survey alluvial & aeolian nonproductive, deposits lowland, coniferous swamp forest Undulating plain Organic & sandy Nonproductive, D9,10 1 Saskatchewan glacial till & lowland, coniferous 2 Exploratory fluvial deposits swamp forest, productive, coniferous upland forest

Undulating plain Organic & sandy Nonproductive, D 10 1 Saskatchewan glacial till & lowland, coniferous 2 Exploratory glaciofluvial swamp forest, deposits productive, coniferous upland forest

Undulating plain Organic deposits & Nonproductive, C18 1 Quebec sandy glacial till lowland, coniferous 2 Schematic swamp forest, productive, coniferous upland forest Undulating plain Organic deposits & Nonproductive, C 17, 18 1 Quebec sandy glacial till lowland, coniferous 2 Schematic swamp forest ; productive, coniferous upland forest Undulating plain Organic & sandy, Nonproductive E8 1 Alberta weakly calcareous coniferous forest 2 Exploratory lacustrine & Swamp forest alluvial deposits

Undulating plain Organic deposits & Nonproductive, E8 1 Alberta loamy glacial till lowland, coniferous 2 Exploratory swamp forest ; productive, mixed upland forest H : DOMINANTLY ORGANIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

H1 1 Fibrisol 286 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 16 2 Orthic Gray (741) 2 Alberta Plateau cold (Od2-2a) Luvisol 4 1,800-2,000 e Humid (550-610) b Aquic inclusions H1 1 Fibrisol 20,882 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 17 2 Orthic Gleysol, (54082) 2 Alberta Plain, cold (Od2-2a) Orthic Gray Saskatchewan e Humid Luvisol Plain, b Aquic Alberta Plateau inclusions 4 1,750-2,200 (530-670) H1 1 Fibrisol 552 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal 18 2 Orthic Gleysol, (1430) 2 Alberta Plateau, cold (Od2-2a) Orthic Gray Alberta Plain fe Subhumid Luvisol 4 1,900-2,100 to humid (580-640) b Aquic inclusions H1 1 Fibrisol 251 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 19 2 Orthic Gray (650) 2 Alberta Plateau cold (Od2-2a) Luvisol Alberta Plain e Humid 4 2,300-2,500 b Aquic (700-760) inclusions

H1 1 Fibrisol 74 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 20 2 Orthic Gray (192) 2 Alberta Plain cold (Od2-2a) Luvisol 4 2,100-2,300 e Humid (640-700) b Aquic inclusions

H1 1 Fibrisol 216 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 21 2 Orthic Gray (559) 2 Alberta Plain cold (Od2-2a) Luvisol 4 2,000-2,100 e Humid (610-640) b Aquic inclusions

H1 1 Fibrisol 2,534 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 22 2 Orthic Gray (6563) 2 Alberta Plain cold (Od2-2a) Luvisol 4 3,000-3,500 e Humid (910-1 070) c Subaquic inclusions

H1 1 Fibrisol 547 1 Interior Plains 3.1-3 .2 23 2 Orthic Gray (1 417) 2 Saskatchewan Cryoboreal, (Od2-2a) Luvisol Plain cold to 3 Orthic 4 1,600-1,800 moderately cold Humo-Ferric (490-550) e Humid Podzol c Subaquic inclusions Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating plain Organic & loamy Nonproductive, E7,8 1 Alberta glacial till & lowland, coniferous 2 Exploratory lacustrine deposits swamp forest ; productive, mixed upland forest Undulating plain Organic & loamy Nonproductive, D,E8,9 1 Alberta, weak to moderately lowland, coniferous Saskatchewan calcareous glacial till, swamp forest ; 2 Exploratory aeolian & lacustrine productive, mixed deposits upland forest

Undulating plain Organic deposits & Nonproductive, D8 1 Alberta loamy or sandy, lowland, coniferous 2 Exploratory weakly calcareous swamp forest ; glacial till productive, mixed upland forest

Undulating plain Organic deposits & Productive, mixed D8 1 Alberta loamy, weakly upland forest ; 2 Soil survey calcareous glacial nonproductive, till lowland, coniferous swamp forest Field crops (minor) Undulating plain Organic & loamy or Productive, mixed D8 1 Alberta sandy, weakly upland forest ; 2 Soil survey calcareous glacial nonproductive, till & alluvial lowland, coniferous deposits swamp forest Field crops (minor) Undulating plain Organic deposits & Productive, mixed D8 1 Alberta loamy or sandy, upland forest, 2 Soil survey weakly calcareous nonproductive, glacial till lowland, coniferous swamp forest Field crops (minor) Undulating to gently Organic deposits & Productive, mixed D7,8 1 Alberta rolling plain loamy or sandy, upland forest ; 2 Soil survey weakly calcareous nonproductive, glacial till lowland, coniferous swamp forest Field crops (minor) Undulating plain Organic & loamy, Productive, mixed D10 1 Saskatchewan weakly calcareous upland forest ; 2 Exploratory glacial till, nonproductive, glaciofluvial & coniferous, lowland lacustrine deposits swamp forest Field crops (minor) H : DOMINANTLY ORGANIC SOILS - cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

H1 1 Mesisol 3,255 1 Interior Plains 3.1-3 .2 24 2 Orthic Gray (8430) 2 Manitoba Plain Cryoboreal, (Od2-3a) Luvisol 4 900-1,100 cold to (270-340) moderately cold fe Subhumid to humid b-c Aquic to subaquic inclusions H1 1 Fibrisol 2,343 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 25 2 Orthic Gray (6068) 2 Peace River cold (Od2-1 /3a) Luvisol Lowland e Humid 3 Orthic Humic 4 1,500-2,000 b Aquic Gleysol (460-610) inclusions H1 1 Fibrisol 4,310 1 James, 3.2 Cryoboreal, 26 2 Orthic Gray (11 162) Interior Plains moderately cold (Od2-1 /3a) Luvisol 2 Severn Upland, fe Subhumid Manitoba Plain to humid 4 1,000-1,100 b-c Aquic to (310-340) subaquic inclusions H1 1 Mesisol 296 1 Interior Plains 3.2 Cryoboreal, 27 2 Orthic Gray (767) 2 Manitoba Plain moderately cold (Od2-3a) Luvisol 4 1,000-1,100 fe Subhumid (310-340) to humid c Subaquic inclusions H1 1 Fibrisol 779 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 28 2 Orthic Gray (2017) 2 Alberta Plateau cold (Od2-2b) Luvisol 4 2,000-2,500 e Humid (610-760) b Aquic inclusions H1 1 Fibrisol 9,445 1 Kazan, 3.1 Cryoboreal, 29 2 Orthic Gray (24462) James, cold (Od2-2b) Luvisol Interior Plains e Humid 3 Cryic Fibrisol 2 Kazan Upland, b Aquic Severn Upland, inclusions Manitoba Plain 4 700-1,100 (210-340) H1 1 Fibrisol Rocky 15,234 1 Kazan, 3.1 Cryoboreal, 30 2 Rockland, (39454) James cold (Od3-3b) Orthic Gray 2 Kazan Upland e Humid Luvisol 4 1,000-1,200 b Aquic (310-370) inclusions Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating plain Organic & loamy or Productive, mixed D 11 1 Manitoba clayey, moderately upland forest ; 2 Exploratory calcareous glacial nonproductive, till & alluvial lowland, coniferous deposits swamp forest Field crops (minor)

Undulating plain Organic & sandy or Productive, mixed E8 1 Alberta clayey, weakly upland forest ; 2 Exploratory calcareous glacial nonproductive, till & lacustrine lowland, coniferous deposits swamp forest Undulating plain Organic & sandy or Productive, mixed C 12, 13 1 Manitoba clayey, moderately upland forest 2 Soil survey calcareous glacial Field crops (mixed till or fluvial deposits grains, forage)

Undulating plain Organic & clayey, Field crops (mixed C12 1 Manitoba moderately grains, forage) 2 Soil survey calcareous lacustrine Productive mixed deposits upland forest

Rolling plain Organic deposits, Productive, mixed E 7, 8 1 Alberta loamy, weakly upland forest ; 2 Exploratory calcareous glacial nonproductive, till coniferous, lowland swamp forest Undulating plain Organic & clayey, Nonproductive D12 1 Manitoba strongly calcareous coniferous forest 2 Exploratory lacustrine deposits

Rolling plain Organic & clayey, Nonproductive, D,E11 1 Manitoba strongly calcareous coniferous lowland 2 Schematic lacustrine deposits forest ; productive, Rockland upland coniferous (igneous, forest metamorphic) H : DOMINANTLY ORGANIC SOILS -cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

H1 1 Fibrisol Rocky 18,650 1 James 3.1 Cryoboreal, 31 2 Rockland, (48302) 2 Severn Upland cold (Od3-3a) Orthic Gray 4 700-1,000 e Humid Luvisol (210-310) b Aquic inclusions

H1 1 Fibrisol Rocky 9,829 1 James 3.1-3.2 32 2 Rockland, (25456) 2 Severn Upland Cryoboreal, (Od3-3a) Orthic Gray 4 700-950 cold to Luvisol (210-290) moderately cold fe Subhumid to humid b-c Aquic to subaquic inclusions H1 1 Fibrisol Rocky 1,618 1 Laurentian 3.2 Cryoboreal, 33 2 Rockland (4190) 2 Mecantina Plateau moderately cold (Od6-a) 4 1,300-1,600 e Perhumid (400-490) b Aquic inclusions H1 1 Fibrisol 2,367 1 Interior Plains 3.1 Cryoboreal, 34 2 Orthic Gleysol, (6130) 2 Great Slave Plain cold (Od4-1 a) Orthic Eutric 4 950-1,250 e Humid Brunisol (290-380) b Aquic 3 Cryic Fibrisol inclusions H3 Cryic Fibrisol H3 1 Cryic Fibrisol 222 1 Interior Plains 2-3.1 40 (575) 2 Fort Nelson Subarctic, (Ox1-a) Lowland very cold to 4 1,200-1,500 Cryoboreal cold (370-460) fe Subhumid to humid c Subaquic inclusions H3 1 Cryic Fibrisol 53,147 1 Hudson 3 .1-2 41 3 Orthic (137 645) 2 Hudson Bay Cryoboreal, (Ox1-a) Humo-Ferric Lowland cold to Podzol 4 200-500 Subarctic, (60-150) very cold d Perhumid c Subaquic inclusions H3 1 Cryic Fibrisol 1,159 1 Hudson 3.1-2 42 (3002) 2 Hudson Bay Cryoboreal, (Ox1-a) Lowland cold to 3 Akimiski Island Subarctic, 4 0-200 very cold (0-60) d Perhumid c Subaquic inclusions hysical haracteristics eference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating plain Organic & clayey, Nonproductive D 12, 13 1 Manitoba moderately coniferous forest Ontario calcareous 2 Schematic lacustrine deposits Rockland (igneous, metamorphic)

Undulating plain Organic & clayey, Nonproductive C, D 12 1 Manitoba moderately coniferous forest 2 Exploratory calcareous glacial till & lacustrine deposits Rockland (igneous, metamorphic)

Undulating plain Organic deposits Nonproductive D 22 1 Quebec Rockland coniferous forest 2 Schematic (igneous, metamorphic) Undulating plain Organic & sandy Nonproductive E 8, 9 1 Alberta fluvial deposits coniferous forest 2 Exploratory

Level to undulating Glacial till, organic Nonproductive E 6, 7 1 Alberta plain & lacustrine coniferous forest 2 Exploratory deposits

Level to undulating Organic & sandy, Nonproductive C, D 14, 15, 16 1 Ontario plain moderately coniferous forest 2 Schematic calcareous glaciofluvial deposits

Level to undulating Organic deposits & Nonproductive D 16 1 Ontario plain glacial till coniferous forest 2 Schematic H : DOMINANTLY ORGANIC SOILS - cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

H3 1 Cryic Fibrisol 695 1 James 3.1-2 43 (1 800) 2 Lake Plateau Cryoboreal, (Ox1-a) 4 2,300-2,500 cold to (700-760) Subarctic, very cold d Perhumid c Subaquic inclusions H3 1 Cryic Fibrisol 64,189 1 Interior Plains 2 Subarctic, 44 2 Orthic Gleysol (166 243) 2 Great Bear Plain, very cold (Ox5-3a) 3 Orthic Eutric Colville Hills, e Humid Brunisol Anderson Plain, c Subaquic Great Slave Plain inclusions 4 500-2,400 (150-730) H3 1 Cryic Fibrisol 13,158 1 James 3.1-2 46 2 Orthic (34078) 2 Eastmain Plateau Cryoboreal, (Ox4-1 /2/3a) Humo-Ferric 4 100-400 cold to Podzol (30-120) Subarctic, Cryic Gleysol very cold d Perhumid c Subaquic inclusions H3 1 Cryic Fibrisol 1,430 1 Interior Plains 2 Subarctic, 47 2 Orthic Eutric (3703) 2 Great Slave Plain very cold (Ox3-1b) Brunisol 4 500-800 e Humid (150-240) c Subaquic inclusions H3 1 Cryic Fibrisol 35,166 1 Hudson 2 Subarctic, 48 2 Orthic Eutric (91 076) 2 Hudson Bay very cold (Ox3-2a) Brunisol Lowland e Humid 4 50-300 c Subaquic (20-90) inclusions H3 1 Cryic Fibrisol 1,341 1 Interior Plains 2 Subarctic, 50 2 Orthic Gray (3473) 2 Alberta Plateau very cold (Ox2-2a) Luvisol 3 Caribou e Humid 3 Orthic Gleysol Mountains c Subaquic 4 2,500-3,500 inclusions (760-1 070) H3 1 Cryic Fibrisol 2,096 1 Interior Plains 2 Subarctic, 51 2 Orthic Gray (5428) 2 Alberta Plateau very cold (Ox2-2b) Luvisol 3 Caribou e Humid 3 Orthic Gleysol Mountains c Subaquic 4 2,000-2,500 inclusions (610-760) H3 1 Cryic Fibrisol 25,395 1 Interior Plains 2 Subarctic, 52 2 Orthic Gray (65770) 2 Alberta Plateau very cold (Ox2-3/2a) Luvisol 3 Cameron Hills e Humid 3 Orthic Gleysol ' 4 2,500-3,000 c Subaquic (760-910) inclusions hysical characteristics eference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Level to undulating Organic deposits Nonproductive D 20 1 Labrador plain coniferous forest 2 Schematic

Undulating plain Organic & clayey, Nonproductive F, G 3, 4, 5, 6,7 1 Northwest moderately coniferous forest Territories calcareous glacial 2 Schematic till, glaciofluvial & alluvial deposits

Undulating plain Organic & sandy, Nonproductive C, D 17 1 Quebec loamy or clayey coniferous forest 2 Schematic glacial till, lacustrine or glaciofluvial deposits

Rolling plain Organic & sandy Nonproductive F 7 1 Northwest glacial till & coniferous forest Territories glaciofluvial 2 Exploratory deposits

Undulating plain Loamy glacial till, Nonproductive D, E 13, 14 1 Manitoba organic & coniferous forest Ontario glaciofluvial 2 Schematic deposits

Undulating plain Organic deposits, Nonproductive E 7, 8 1 Alberta loamy, weakly coniferous forest 2 Exploratory calcareous glacial till with noncalcareous residuum Rolling plain Organic deposits, Nonproductive E 7, 8 1 Alberta loamy, weakly coniferous forest 2 Exploratory calcareous glacial till with noncalcareous residuum Undulating plain Organic deposits, Nonproductive E,F 6, 7 1 Alberta clayey or loamy, coniferous forest 2 Exploratory weakly calcareous glacial till H : DOMINANTLY ORGANIC SOILS - concl'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

1 Dominant Physiography > 40% area 2 Subdominant 1 Region > 20% area Area 2 Division Symbol 3 Significant 3 Local subdivision Canadian inclusions sq mi 4 Range of (FAO/UNESCO) 10-20% hase (km z) elevation, ft (m)

H3 1 Cryic Fibrisol 419 1 Interior Plains 2 Subarctic, 53 2 Orthic Gray (1 085) 2 Alberta Plateau very cold (Ox2-3/2b) Luvisol 3 Cameron Hills e Humid 3 Orthic Gleysol 4 1,000-2,500 Soilc climateSubaquic (310-760) Temperatureinclusionsclass H3 1 Cryic Fibrisol Rocky 7,506 1 James Moisture2 Subarctic,subclass 54 2 Rockland (19440) 2 Lake Plateau very cold (Ox6-a) 3 Whale Lowland e Humid 4 2,000-2,300 c Subaquic (610-700) inclusions H3 1 Cryic Fibrisol Rocky 3,596 1 James 3.1-2 55 2 Rockland (9313) 2 Lake Plateau, Cryoboreal, (Ox6-a) Kaniapiskau cold to Plateau Subarctic, 4 2,000-2,400 very cold (610-730) d Perhumid c Subaquic inclusions Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Rolling plain Organic deposits, Nonproductive E, F 7 1 Northwest clayey or loamy, coniferous forest Territories weakly calcareous 2 Exploratory glacial till

Undulating plain Organic deposits Nonproductive D, E 20 1 Quebec over rockland coniferous forest 2 Schematic (metamorphic, igneous, sedimentary) Undulating plain Organic deposits Nonproductive D 19 1 Quebec over rockland coniferous forest 2 Schematic (igneous, metamorphic)

,, MIIIIINW61-4---- AIIWAJI~' 4#141

221 R : DOMINANTLY ROCKLAND

Map unit

Soil subgroups

R 1 Rockland Rocky 1,060 1 Cordilleran, 3.1-2 1 2 Orthic Stony (2745) Outer Mountain Cryoboreal, (I-Po-1c) Humo-Ferric Area cold to Podzol 2 Vancouver Island Subarctic, 3 Orthic Ranges very cold Ferro-Humic 4 3,000-7,000 d Perhumid Podzol, (910-2130) Alpine Dystric Brunisol R 1 Rockland Rocky 9,065 1 Laurentian 3.2 Cryoboreal, 2 2 Orthic Stony (23477) 2 Mecatina Plateau moderately cold (I-Po-1b) Humo-Ferric 4 100-1,800 d Perhumid Podzol (30-550) R 1 Rockland Rocky 493 1 James 3.2 Cryoboreal, 3 2 Orthic Stony (1 277) 2 Severn Upland moderately cold (I-Po-1b) Humo-Ferric 4 900-1,000 d Perhumid Podzol (270-310) R 1 Rockland Rocky 1,179 1 Laurentian 4.2 Boreal, 4 2 Orthic Stony (3053) 2 Laurentian moderately cool (I-Po-1b) Humo-Ferric Highlands e Humid Podzol 4 600-1,000 (180-310) R 1 Rockland Rocky 1,311 1 Laurentian 3.2 Cryoboreal, 5 2 Orthic Stony (3395) 2 Laurentian moderately cold (I-Po-1c) Humo-Ferric Highlands d Perhumid Podzol 4 1,000-2,500 (310-760) R 1 Rockland Rocky 666 1 Laurentian 3.2 Cryoboreal, 6 2 Orthic Stony (1 725) 2 Mecatina Plateau moderately cold (I-Po-1c) Humo-Ferric 4 1,500-2,100 d Perhumid Podzol (460-640) R 1 Rockland Rocky 3,540 1 Laurentian 3.2 Cryoboreal, 7 2 Orthic Stony (9168) 2 Laurentian moderately cold (I-Po-1c) Humo-Ferric Highlands d Perhumid Podzol 4 500-3,300 (150-1 010) R 1 Rockland Rocky 1,919 1 Laurentian 3.2 Cryoboreal, 8 2 Orthic Stony (4970) 2 Laurentian moderately cold (I-Po-1c) Humo-Ferric Highlands d Perhumid Podzol 4 400-2,200 (120-670) R 1 Rockland Rocky 2,475 1 Laurentian 3.2 Cryoboreal, 9 2 Orthic Stony (6410) 2 Laurentian moderately cold (I-Po-1c) Humo-Ferric Highalnds d Perhumid Podzol 4 400-3,500 (120-1 070) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Mountainous Rockland Productive C 5 1 British Columbia (igneous, coniferous forest 2 Schematic metamorphic) Sandy glacial till & colluvial deposits

Rolling to hilly Rockland Productive C 21, 22 1 Quebec (igneous, coniferous forest 2 Schematic metamorphic) Sandy glacial till Rolling to hilly Rockland Productive C 15 1 Ontario (igneous, coniferous forest 2 Schematic metamorphic) Sandy glacial till Undulating to rolling Rockland Productive B 16 1 Ontario (igneous, mixed forest 2 Soil Survey metamorphic) Sandy glacial till

Mountainous Rockland Productive C 20, 21 1 Quebec (igneous, coniferous forest 2 Schematic metamorphic) Sandy glacial till

Mountainous Rockland Productive C 21 1 Quebec (igneous, coniferous forest 2 Schematic metamorphic) Sandy glacial till Mountainous Rockland Productive C 20 1 Quebec (igneous, coniferous forest 2 Schematic metamorphic) Sandy glacial till

Mountainous Rockland Productive C 19 1 Quebec (metamorphic) coniferous forest 2 Schematic Sandy glacial till

Mountainous Rockland Productive B, C 19 1 Quebec (metamorphic) coniferous forest 2 Schematic Sandy glacial till, glaciofluvial deposits Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Rolling, hilly to Rockland ~Nonproductive D 21, 22 1 Newfoundland mountainous (igneous, coniferous forest Labrador metamorphic) 2 Schematic Sandy glacial till

Undulating to rolling Rockland NonprodUctive D 22 1 Newfoundland (igneous, coniferous forest Labrador metamorphic) 2 Schematic Stony, sandy glacial till Rolling to mountainous Rockland Productive C 15 1 Ontario (igneous, coniferous forest 2 Schematic metamorphic) Stony, clayey moderately calcareous lacustrine deposits Rolling Rockland Productive C, D 13 1 Ontario (igneous, coniferous forest Manitoba metamorphic) 2 Exploratory and Clayey, schematic noncalcareous to moderately calcareous till deposits Rolling to hilly Rockland Nonproductive D, E 18, 19, 20 1 Quebec (igneous, coniferous forest 2 Schematic metamorphic) Glacial till Rolling to hilly Rockland Nonproductive D, E 17, 18 1 Quebec (igneous, coniferous forest 2 Schematic metamorphic) Glacial till Rolling to hilly Rockland Nonproductive D 19,20 1 Quebec (igneous, coniferous forest Labrador metamorphic) 2 Schematic Glacial till

Undulating Rockland Nonproductive E 19, 20 1 Quebec (igneous, coniferous forest 2 Schematic metamorphic) Glacial till R : DOMINANTLY ROCKLAND-cont'd.

Map unit

Soil subgroups

R 1 Rockland Rocky 30,208 1 Cordilleran, 2-3.1 18 2 Orthic Regosol (78236) Outer and Coast Subarctic, (I-R-B-1 bc) Orthic Dystric Mountain areas very cold Brunisol 2 St . Elias to Cryoboreal, Mountains, cold Coast Mountains Mx Mountain 3 Boundary Ranges influence 4 2,000-10,000 e Humid (610-3050) R 1 Rockland Rocky 8,631 1 Cordilleran, 2 Subarctic, 19 2 Orthic Regosol Stony (22353) Northern Plateau very cold (I-R-B-1 bc) Orthic Dystric and Mountain Mx Mountain Brunisol Area influence 2 Yukon Plateau, e Humid Pelly Mountains 4 3,000-7,500 (910-2290) R 1 Rockland Rocky 13,691 Cordilleran, 2-3 .1 20 2 Orthic Regosol Stony (35458) Central Plateau Subarctic, (I-R-B-1 bc) Alpine Dystric and Mountain very cold Brunisol Area to Cryoboreal, 2 Stikine Plateau, cold Cassiar Mx Mountain Mountains, influence Skeena e Humid Mountains 4 2,000-10,000 (610-3050) R 1 Rockland Rocky 4,044 1 Cordilleran 2-3.1 21 2 Orthic Regosol Stony (10473) Southern Plateau Subarctic, (I-R-B-1 c) Alpine Dystric and Mountain very cold Brunisol Area to Cryoboreal, 2 Columbia cold Mountains Mx Mountain 3 Percall Mountains influence 4 6,000-11,000 e Humid (1 830-3 350)

R 1 Rockland Rocky 12,306 1 Cordilleran, 2-3 .1 22 2 Orthic Eutric Stony (31 871) Rocky Mountain Subarctic, (I-Be-1 c) Brunisol Area very cold 2 Northern Rocky to Cryoboreal, Mountains cold 3 Muskwa Ranges Mx Mountain 4 3,000-8,000 influence (910-2440) e Humid Physical characteristics eference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Rolling to mountainous Rockland Nonproductive F 1, 2 1 British Columbia (igneous, coniferous forest E 2, 3, 4 2 Schematic metamorphic, sedimentary) Talus colluvial deposits

Hilly to mountainous Rockland Nonproductive F 3, 4 1 Yukon Territory (igneous, mixed forest 2 Schematic sedimentary) Stony, sandy scree deposits

Hilly to mountainous Rockland Nonproductive D, E, F 4, 5 1 Yukon Territory (igneous, coniferous & mixed British Columbia sedimentary) forest 2 Schematic Stony, sandy glacial till Lacustrine & colluvial deposits

Mountainous Rockland Nonproductive C 7 1 British Columbia (sedimentary) coniferous forest 2 Soil survey Stony, sandy weakly calcareous glacial till

Mountainous Rockland Nonproductive E 5, 6 1 British Columbia (sedimentary) coniferous forest 2 Soil survey Stony, sandy weakly calcareous glacial till, fluvial fans & colluvial deposits R : DOMINANTLY ROCKLAND-cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

R 1 Rockland Rocky 25,292 1 Cordilleran, 2-3.1 23 2 Orthic Eutric (65504) Rocky Mountain Subarctic, (I-Be-1 c) Brunisol Area very cold 3 Orthic Gray 2 Southern Rocky to Cryoboreal, Luvisol, Mountains, cold Alpine Dystric Hart and Mx Mountain Brunisol Continental Ranges influence 4 3,000-10,000 e Humid (910-3050) R 1 Rockland Rocky 6,708 1 Cordilleran, Central 2-3.1 24 2 Orthic Gray Stony (17373) Plateau and Subarctic, (I-La-Bd-1/2c) Luvisol, Mountain Area very cold Alpine Dystric 2 Omineca to Cryoboreal, erunisol Mountains cold 4 3,000-7,700 Mx Mountain (910-2350) influence e Humid R 1 Rockland Rocky 19,343 1 Cordilleran, Central 2-3.1 25 2 Orthic Gray Stony (50096) Plateau and Subarctic, (I-La-Bd-1 /2c) Luvisol, Mountain Area very cold Alpine Dystric 2 Skeena Mountains to Cryoboreal, Brunisol 4 3,000-7,000 cold (910-2130) Mx Mountain influence e Humid R 1 Rockland Rocky 38,544 1 Davis 2 Subarctic, 26 2 Orthic Stony (99825) 2 George Plateau very cold (I-Po-Bd-1 /2a) Humo-Ferric 4 500-1,400 e Humid Podzol, (150-430) Orthic Dystric Brunisol

R 1 Rockland Rocky 41,651 1 James 2 Subarctic, 27 2 Orthic Stony (107 872) 2 Larch Plateau, very cold (I-Po-Bd-1/2a) Humo-Ferric Kaniapiskau e Humid Podzol, Plateau Orthic Dystric 4 800-1,800 Brunisol (240-550)

R 1 Rockland Rocky 1,800 1 Cordilleran, Central 2-3.1 30 2 Orthic Stony (4662) Plateau and Subarctic, (I-Po-Bd-1 c) Humo-Ferric Mountain Area, very cold Podzol, Coast Mountain to Cryoboreal, Alpine Dystric Area cold Brunisol 2 Hazelton Mx Mountain Mountains, influence Coast Mountains e Humid 3 Kitimat Ranges 4 1,000-7,500 (310-2290)

R : DOMINANTLY ROCKLAND-cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

R 1 Rockland Rocky 4,912 1 Cordilleran, Central 2-3.1 31 2 Orthic Stony (12721) Plateau and Subarctic, (I-Po-Bd-1 c) H umo-Ferric Mountain Area, very cold Podzol, Coast Mountain to Cryoboreal, Alpine Dystric Area cold Brunisol 2 Hazelton Mx Mountain Mountains, influence Coast Mountains e Humid 4 2,000-8,000 (610-2430) R 1 Rockland Rocky 720 1 Cordilleran, 2-3 .1 32 2 Orthic Stony (1 865) Southern Plateau Subarctic, (I-Po-Bd-1 c) Humo-Ferric and Mountain Area very cold Podzol, 2 Interior Plateau to Cryoboreal, Alpine Dystric 3 Quesnel Highlands cold Brunisol 4 3,000-8,000 Mx Mountain (910-2440) influence e Humid R 1 Rockland Rocky 5,918 1 Cordilleran, 2-3 .1 33 2 Orthic Stony (15327) Southern Plateau Subarctic, (I-Po-Bd-1 c) Humo-Ferric and Mountain Area very cold Podzol, 2 Columbia to Cryoboreal, Alpine Dystric Mountains cold Brunisol 3 Caribou Mountains Mx Mountain 4 4,000-11,000 influence (1 220-3 350) e Humid R 1 Rockland Rocky 4,098 1 Cordilleran, Coast 2-3 .1 34 2 Orthic Stony (10613) Mountain Area Subarctic, (I-Po-Bd-1 c) Humo-Ferric 2 Coast Mountains very cold Podzol, 3 Pacific Ranges to Cryoboreal, Alpine Dystric 4 1,000-11,000 cold Brunisol (310-3350) Mx Mountain influence e Humid R 1 Rockland Rocky 7,472 1 Cordilleran, Coast 2-3.1 35 2 Orthic Stony (19352) Mountain Area Subarctic, (I-Po-Bd-1 c) Humo-Ferric 2 Coast Mountains very cold Podzol, 3 Pacific Ranges to Cryoboreal, Alpine Dystric 4 4,000-13,000 cold Brunisol (1 220-3 960) Mx Mountain influence e Humid R 1 Rockland Rocky 907 1 Cordilleran 2-3.1 36 2 Orthic Stony (2349) 2 Coast Mountain Subarctic, (I-Po-Bd-1 c) Humo-Ferric Area very cold Podzol, 3 Coast Mountains, to Cryoboreal, Alpine Dystric Pacific Ranges cold Brunisol 4 2,000-9,000 Mx Mountain (610-2740) influence d Perhumid Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Mountainous Rockland Nonproductive D 4,5 1 British Columbia (metamorphic) coniferous forest 2 Schematic Stony, sandy glacial till, glaciofluvial & colluvial deposits

Mountainous Rockland Nonproductive D 6 1 British Columbia (sedimentary, coniferous forest 2 Schematic igneous) Stony, sandy glacial till & colluvial deposits

Mountainous Rockland Nonproductive C, D 6,7 1 British Columbia (sedimentary, coniferous forest 2 Schematic igneous) Stony, sandy glacial till & colluvial deposits

Mountainous Rockland Productive C, D 5 1 British Columbia (metamorphic) coniferous forest 2 Schematic Stony, sandy glacial till, colluvial & scree deposits

Mountainous Rockland Productive C 5,6 1 British Columbia (metamorphic) coniferous forest 2 Schematic Stony, sandy glacial till & scree deposits

Mountainous Rockland Productive C 6 1 British Columbia (metamorphic) coniferous forest 2 Schematic Stony, sandy glacial till, scree & colluvial deposits R : DOMINANTLY ROCKLAND-cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

R 1 Rockland Rocky 22,563 1 James 3.1-2 37 2 Orthic Stony (58436) 2 Larch Plateau Cryoboreal, (I-Po-1 ab) Humo-Ferric 4 800-1,900 cold to Podzol (240-580) Subarctic, very cold d Perhumid R 1 Rockland Rocky 6,441 1 Laurentian 3.1-2 38 2 Orthic Stony (16681) 2 Hamilton Upland Cryoboreal, (I-Po-1 ab) Humo-Ferric 4 1,500-2,500 cold to Podzol (460-760) Subarctic, very cold d Perhumid R 1 Rockland Rocky 7,802 1 Kazan 2-3 .1 39 2 Orthic Stony (20206) 2 Kazan Upland Subarctic, (I-Po-Ox-1b) Humo-Ferric 4 1,600-1,800 very cold Podzol, (490-550) to Cryoboreal, Cryic Fibrisol cold e Humid R 1 Rockland Rocky 2,091 1 Kazan 2 Subarctic, 40 2 Orthic Gleysol Stony (5415) 2 Bear-Slave Upland very cold (I-G-3b) 4 500-1,000 e Humid (150-310)

R 1 Rockland Rocky 2,248 1 Kazan 2 Subarctic, 41 2 Orthic Gleysol Stony (5822) 2 Kazan Upland very cold (I-G-3b) 4 700-1,000 e Humid (210-310)

R 1 Rockland Rocky 2,071 1 James 1 Arctic, 50 Stony (5364) 2 Sugluk Plateau extremely cold (I-a) 4 200-800 e Humid (60-240) R 1 Rockland Rocky 257 1 Davis 1 Arctic, 51 (666) 2 George Plateau extremely cold (I-a) 3 Akpatok Island e Humid 4 0-250 (0-80) R 1 Rockland Rocky 2,436 1 James 1 Arctic, 52 (6309) 2 Larch Plateau extremely cold (I-a) 4 900-1,100 e Humid (270-340) R 1 Rockland Rocky 1,238 1 Davis 1 Arctic, 53 (3206) 2 George Plateau extremely cold (I-a) 4 250-800 e Humid (80-240) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating to rolling Rockland Nonproductive D 17, 18 1 Quebec (igneous, coniferous forest 2 Schematic metamorphic) Sandy glacial till & glaciofluvial deposits Undulating to rolling Rockland Nonproductive D 20, 21 1 Labrador (igneous, coniferous forest 2 Schematic metamorphic) Stony, sandy glacial till

Rolling Rockland Tundra E, F 9, 10 1 Alberta, (igneous, Wildlife grazing Saskatchewan, metamorphic) Northwest Stony, sandy Territories glaciofluvial 2 Schematic deposits Rolling Rockland Nonproductive F8 1 Northwest (igneous, coniferous forest Territories metamorphic) 2 Schematic Stony, clayey, lacustrine & glaciofluvial deposits Rolling Rockland Nonproductive F 8, 9 1 Northwest (igneous, coniferous forest Territories metamorphic) 2 Schematic Stony, clayey lacustrine and glaciofluvial deposits Undulating Rockland Tundra F17 1 Quebec (igneous, Wildlife grazing 2 Schematic metamorphic)

Undulating Rockland Tundra F19,20 1 Northwest (igneous, Wildlife grazing Territories metamorphic) 2 Schematic Glacial till

Undulating Rockland Tundra E19 1 Quebec (igneous, Wildlife grazing 2 Schematic metamorphic) glacial till Undulating Rockland Tundra E 20 1 Quebec (igneous, Wildlife grazing 2 Schematic sedimentary) R ; DOMINANTLY ROCKLAND-cont'd.

Map unit

Soil subgroups

R 1 Rockland Rocky 60,249 1 James 1 Arctic, 54 (156 039) 2 Larch Plateau extremely cold (I-a) 4 400-1,000 e Humid (120-310) R 1 Rockland Rocky 956 1 Hudson 1 Arctic, 55 (2476) 2 Belcher Islands extremely cold (I-a) 4 50-600 e Humid (20-180) R 1 Rockland Rocky 1,134 1 James 1 Arctic, 56 (2937) 2 Larch Plateau extremely cold (I-b) 4 800-900 e Humid (240-270) R 1 Rockland Rocky 69 1 James 1 Arctic, 57 (177) 2 Sugluk Plateau extremely cold (I-b) 3 Charles Island e Humid 4 0-500 (0-150) R 1 Rockland Rocky 14,327 1 James 1 Arctic, 58 (37105) 2 Sugluk Plateau, extremely cold (I-bc) Povungnituk Hills e Humid 4 900-2,100 (270-640) R 1 Rockland Rocky 3,127 1 Davis 1 Arctic, 59 (8099) 2 Labrador Highlands extremely cold (I-c) 4 200-4,700 e Humid (60-1 430) R 1 Rockland Rocky 5,100 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 60 2 Cryic Regosol (13208) 2 Lancaster Plateau extremely cold (I-Rx-1a) 3 Border Peninsula e Humid 4 500-3,500 (150-1 070) R 1 Rockland Rocky 6,175 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 61 2 Cryic Regosol (15993) 2 Lancaster Plateau extremely cold (I-Rx-1a) Boothia Plain e Humid 3 East Somerset Island 4 700-1,250 (210-380) R 1 Rockland Rocky 2,638 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 62 2 Cryic Regosol (6832) 2 Boothia Plain extremely cold (I-Rx-1a) 3 Simpson Lowlands e Humid 4 250-1,100 (80-330) R 1 Rockland Rocky 21,760 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 63 2 Cryic Regosol (56356) 2 Boothia Plain, extremely cold (I-Rx-1a) Lancaster Plateau e Humid 4 400-1,200 (120-370) hysical characteristics eference Texture and Topography and character of parent Vegetation and Geographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Undulating Rockland Tundra E, F 17, 18, 19 1 Quebec (igneous, Wildlife grazing 2 Schematic metamorphic)

Undulating to rolling Rockland Tundra D, E 17 1 Northwest (igneous, Wildlife grazing Territories metamorphic) 2 Schematic glacial till Rolling to hilly Rockland Tundra E 18 1 Quebec (igneous, Wildlife grazing 2 Schematic metamorphic) glacial till Rolling Rockland Tundra F 18 1 Northwest (igneous, Wildlife grazing Territories metamorphic) 2 Schematic glacial till

Hilly to mountainous Rockland Tundra F 17, 18, 19 1 Quebec (igneous, Wildlife grazing 2 Schematic metamorphic) Glacial till

Mountainous Rockland Tundra E, F 20, 21 1 Labrador (igneous, Wildlife grazing 2 Schematic metamorphic)

Level to undulating Rockland Tundra I 15,16 1 Northwest (igneous, Wildlife grazing Territories sedimentary) 2 Schematic Sandy glacial till Level to undulating Rockland Tundra I 13,14 1 Northwest (sedimentary) Wildlife grazing Territories Sandy 2 Schematic glacial till

Level to undulating Rockland Tundra H 14 1 Northwest (sedimentary) Wildlife grazing Territories Sandy 2 Schematic glacial till

Level to undulating Rockland Tundra H, I 14, 15, 16, 17 1 Northwest (sedimentary) Wildlife grazing Territories Sandy 2 Schematic glacial till R : DOMINANTLY ROCKLAND-cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

R 1 Rockland Rocky 375 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 64 2 Cryic Regosol (971) 2 Boothia Plain extremely cold (I-Rx-1 a) 3 Boothia Peninsula e Humid 4 500-1,500 (150-460) R 1 Rockland Rocky 4,710 1 Cordilleran 1 Arctic, 65 2 Cryic Regosol (12198) Porcupine extremely cold (I-Rx-1 c) Mountain Area e Humid 2 Richardson Mountains 4 1,000-5,500 (310-1 680) R 1 Rockland Rocky 3,940 1 Arctic Lowlands 1 Arctic, 66 2 Cryic Regosol (10204) 2 Victoria Lowland extremely cold (I-Rx-2a) 3 Banks Island e Humid 4 400-1,500 (120-460) R 1 Rockland Rocky 2,584 1 Innuitian 1 Arctic, 67 2 Cryic Regosol (6692) 2 Parry Plateau extremely cold (I-Rx-2b) 3 Cornwallis Island e Humid 4 300-600 (90-180) R 1 Rockland Rocky 2,071 1 Innuitian 1 Arctic, 68 2 Cryic Regosol (5364) 2 Parry Plateau extremely cold (I-Rx-2b) 3 Bathurst Island e Humid 4 400-1,500 (120-460) R 1 Rockland Rocky 14,031 1 Innuitian 1 Arctic, 69 2 Cryic Regosol (36339) 2 Parry Plateau extremely cold (I-Rx-2b) 3 Melville Island e Humid 4 350-1,100 (110-340) R 1 Rockland Rocky 379 1 Innuitian 1 Arctic, 70 2 Cryic Regosol (981) 2 Parry Plateau extremely cold (I-Rx-2c) 4 600-700 e Humid (180-210) R 1 Rockland Rocky 118 1 Innuitian 1 Arctic, 71 2 Cryic Regosol (306) 2 Parry Plateau extremely cold (I-Rx-2c) 4 400-800 e Humid (120-240) R 1 Rockland Rocky 3,812 1 Innuitian 1 Arctic, 72 2 Cryic Regosol (9873) 2 Parry Plateau extremely cold (1-Rx-2c) 3 North Bathurst e Humid Island 4 600-1,500 (180-460) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Level to undulating Rockland Tundra I 13 1 Northwest (sedimentary) Wildlife grazing Territories Sandy 2 Schematic glacial till

Mountainous Rockland Tundra G, H 2, 3 1 Yukon Territory (sedimentary) Wildlife grazing 2 Schematic Sandy glacial till

Level to undulating Rockland Tundra I 7,8 1 Northwest (sedimentary) Wildlife grazing Territories Loamy 2 Schematic glacial till

Rolling Rockland Tundra I 12,13 1 Northwest (sedimentary) Wildlife grazing Territories Loamy 2 Schematic glacial till

Rolling Rockland Tundra I 11,12 1 Northwest (sedimentary) Wildlife grazing Territories Loamy glacial till 2 Schematic

Rolling Rockland Tundra 1, J 7, 8, 9, 10 1 Northwest (sedimentary) Wildlife grazing Territories Loamy glacial till 2 Schematic

Mountainous Rockland Tundra J 10, 11 1 Northwest (sedimentary) Wildlife grazing Territories Loamy glacial till 2 Schematic

Mountainous Rockland Tundra I, J 11 1 Northwest (sedimentary) Wildlife grazing Territories Loamy glacial till 2 Schematic

Mountainous Rockland Tundra I, J 11, 12 1 Northwest (sedimentary) Wildlife grazing Territories Loamy glacial till 2 Schematic R : DOMINANTLY ROCKLAND-cont'd .

Map unit

Soil subgroups

R 1 Rockland Rocky 394 1 Innuitian 1 Arctic, 73 2 Cryic Regosol (1 020) 2 Parry Plateau extremely cold (I-Rx-2c) 3 Byam Martin e Humid Island 4 300-500 (90-150) R 1 Rockland Rocky 153 1 Innuitian 1 Arctic, 74 2 Cryic Regosol (396) 2 Parry Plateau extremely cold (I-Rx-2c) 4 400-800 e Humid (120-240) R 1 Rockland Rocky 93 1 Innuitian 1 Arctic, 75 2 Cryic Regosol (241) 2 Parry Plateau extremely cold (I-Rx-2c) 3 Helena Island e Humid 4 0-600 (0-180) R 1 Rockland Rocky 5,267 1 Cordilleran 1 Arctic, 76 2 Cryic Regosol Stony (13641) Brooks Range Area extremely cold (I-Rx-Bx-1 bc) Cryic Brunisol 2 British Mountains Mx Mountain 4 800-5,000 influence (240-1 520) e Humid R 1 Rockland Rocky 18,125 1 Davis 1 Arctic, 77 2 Cryic Humo-Ferric (46942) 2 George Plateau extremely cold (I-Po-Bx-1 /2b) Podzol, Cryic 4 500-4,100 e Humid Dystric Brunisol (150-1 250)

R 1 Rockland Rocky 3,596 1 James 1 Arctic, 78 (9313) 2 Larch Platea u extremely cold (I-b) 4 250-1,000 e Humid (80-310) R 1 Rockland Rocky 5,894 1 James 1 Arctic, 79 Stony (15265) 2 Larch Plateau extremely cold (I-a) 4 900-1,100 e Humid (270-340) R 1 Rockland Rocky 1,963 1 James, Davis 1 Arctic, 80 2 Orthic Humo-Ferric Stony (5084) 2 Larch Plateau, extremely cold (I-Po-Bd-a) Podzol, Orthic George Plateau e Humid Dystric Brunisol 4 0-500 (0-150) R 1 Rockland Rocky 1,933 1 James 2 Subarctic, 81 Stony (5006) 2 Larch Plateau very cold (I-b) 3 Leaf River Valley e Humid 4 900-1,200 (270-370) Physical characteristics Reference Texture and Topography and character of parent egetation and eographic grid 1 Source landform material land use reference 2 Reliability

Mountainous Rockland Tundra I 10,11 1 Northwest (sedimentary) Wildlife grazing Territories Loamy glacial till 2 Schematic

Mountainous Rockland Tundra 111 1 Northwest (sedimentary) Wildlife grazing Territories Loamy glacial till 2 Schematic

Mountainous Rockland Tundra J 11 1 Northwest (sedimentary) Wildlife grazing Territories Loamy glacial till 2 Schematic

Hilly to mountainous Rockland Tundra H 1, 2 1 Yukon Territory (sedimentary) Wildlife grazing 2 Schematic Stony, sandy scree deposits

Rolling drumlinized Rockland Tundra E, F 20, 21 1 Quebec, Labrador (igneous, Wildlife grazing 2 Schematic metamorphic) sandy, loamy glacial till & glaciofluvial deposits Rolling to hilly Rockland Tundra E 17, 18 1 Quebec (igneous, Wildlife grazing 2 Schematic metamorphic) Glacial till Undulating Rockland Tundra E 18, 19 1 Quebec (igneous, Wildlife grazing 2 Schematic metamorphic)

Undulating Rockland Tundra E 19 1 Quebec (igneous, Wildlife grazing 2 Schematic metamorphic) Stony glacial till

Rolling Rockland Tundra E 18, 19 1 Quebec (igneous, Wildlife grazing 2 Schematic metamorphic)