SOILS OF CANADA Volume II SOIL INVENTORY A Cooperative Project of The Canada Soil Survey Committee and The Soil Research Institute Ottawa, Ontario by J .S. Clayton, W.A. Ehrlich, D.B. Cann, J .H . Day, and I .B. Marshall 1977 RESEARCH BRANCH CANADA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1977 Available by mail from Printing and Publishing Supply and Services Canada, Ottawa, Canada K1A OS9 or through your bookseller Catalogue No. A53-1544/2-1976 Price: Canada : $25 .00 Other countries: $30.00 ISBN 0-660-00503-4 Price subject to change without notice D. W. Fricscn & Sons Ltd . Altona. Manitoba ROG OBO Contract No. 02KX~OIA05-6-38476 CONTENTS PART I Guide to the Content and Organization of the Inventory . ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... .. ... .. .. .. ... .. 5 Map Unit .... ...... .. ...... .. ...... ....... ...... .. ...... ........ ........ ...... .. ...... ....... .. ...... ...... ....... ........ .. 5 Area . ..... .. .. .... ....... .. .. ... ... .. ... ...... ....... ...... ...... .. .... .. ...... ...... .. ...... ........ ...... ...... 5 Physiography . ...... ...... .. ... .. ...... ..... .. ...... ....... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... ...... .. 5 Soil Climate ..... ...... .. .. .. .. .. ...... ...... ....... ........ ...... .. ...... ...... .. ...... .. ...... ....... ...... ...... 11 Landscape : Topography and Landform . .. ...... .... .. ... ... ... ........ ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... 11 Texture and Character of Parent Material ...... ... ...... ....... ...... ...... ...... ...... .. ...... ........ 11 Vegetation and Land Use. ........ .. .. .. ...... ....... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ........ ...... ........ 11 Geographic Grid Reference . ...... .... ... ... ... .. .... .. ...... .. ...... ...... .. ...... .. .... .. ....... ...... ...... 11 Reference : Source and Reliability .. .... .. .... ...... .. ...... .. .... .. ...... ....... ...... .. ...... ....... ...... 11 References.. ..... .. .. .. ... ...... ...... ....... ..... ........ ...... ........ ...... .. ...... .. .... .. ...... .. ...... ..... 12 PART II Inventory : Description of Soil Map Units ; their Classification, Extent, Physiography, Climate, Physical Characteristics, Vegetation, and Land Use ... ...... ...... ...... .. 30 Dominantly Chernozemic Soils. ...... .. .. ... ... ..... .. ...... .. ...... .. .... .. ....... .... .. ...... ...... .. ...... 30 Brown Chernozemic .... ....... ... ... ... .... ...... ....... .. ...... ...... ...... ...... .... .. ...... ...... 30 Dark Brown Chernozemic . ...... ........ ...... .. ...... .. .... .. ...... ...... ...... .... .. ...... ...... ...... 34 Black Chernozemic .. .. .... ...... ... .. .. .. .. ...... ....... ........ ...... ...... ...... .. ...... ...... ...... 44 Dark Gray Chernozemic ... ...... ...... ...... ........ ...... ...... ...... ...... .. .... .. ...... .. ...... ....... 56 Dominantly Solonetzic Soils . ...... ... .. ... ... ...... .. ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... 62 Brown Solonetz..... ...... .. .. ..... ....... ...... ........ ...... .. ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... .. ...... .. ...... 62 Black Solonetz .... ...... .. ... ... ..... ...... ....... ........ ...... .. ...... .... ...... ...... .. ...... .. ...... ...... 64 Solod. ..... .. .. .. ...... .... .. ...... ...... .. ...... ...... ....... ....... ...... ...... ...... .. ...... ........ ...... 64 Dominantly Luvisolic Soils.. ...... .. ...... ...... .. ...... .. ...... ....... .... .. ...... .. ...... ....... ...... ...... 66 Gray Brown Luvisol . ...... .. ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... .. ...... ...... ...... ...... .. ...... .. ...... ...... 66 Gray Luvisol . ...... ... .. .. ..... ...... ...... ...... ........ ...... ...... ...... .... .. ...... ...... ...... ...... 70 Dominantly Podzolic Soils ...... .. ... .. .... .. .... .. ....... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... .. ...... ........ ....... 102 Humo-Ferric Podzol . ...... ...... ...... .. ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... .. ...... ........ ...... 102 Dominantly Brunisolic Soils... .... ...... ........ ....... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... ...... .. .... .. ...... 144 Melanic Brunisol .... ..... .. .. .. .. ..... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ..... .. ...... ...... .. ...... ...... 144 Eutric Brunisol . ...... ... .. ... .... ...... .. ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... .. ...... ...... ...... 148 Dystric Brunisol . ...... .. .. .. .. ...... ...... ....... ....... ...... ...... .... .. ...... .. ...... .. .... .. ...... 158 Dominantly Regosolic Soils . ...... .. ...... .. ...... ...... .. ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... ...... 168 Orthic Regosol .... ...... .. ... ... ...... .. ...... ...... .. ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... .... 168 Cumulic Regosol .... ...... .. ... .. .... .. ........ ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... 170 Cryic Orthic Regosol .. ..... .. .... ....... ...... ...... ...... .. ...... ...... .... .. ...... .. ...... ...... ...... 172 Dominantly Gleysolic Soils. ...... ...... ...... .. ...... .. .... .. ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... ...... 194 Humic Gleysol ... .. .... .. ... .. ... ..... ...... .. .... .. ....... ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... ...... ..... ...... 194 Orthic Gleysol . ..... ... .. ...... ...... .. .... .. ...... .. ...... .. ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... ...... 198 Cryic Gleysol .. .. ...... .... .. ...... .. ...... ...... ...... .. ...... .. ...... ...... .. ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... 204 Dominantly Organic Soils. ..... ... ...... .. ...... ...... ....... .. .... .. ...... .... .. ...... .... .. ...... ...... 208 Fibrisol . ...... .. .. ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... .. ...... ...... ..... ...... ...... ...... ...... 208 Cryic Fibrisol . ..... .. ...... .. ...... ....... .. ...... ....... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... ...... ...... ........ 216 Dominantly Rockland ... ..... .. .. ... ...... ....... ........ .. .... .. ...... ........ ...... ...... .. ...... ...... ...... 222 TABLES 1 Correlation of World and Canadian map units . .. ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... 6 2 Area totals for each soil order, great group, and subgroup . ... .. .. .. .. ...... ...... .. .... .. ...... 8 3 Physiographic correlation .. ... ... .. .. ..... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... 9 4 Generalized characteristics of temperature classes used for the soil climate maps of Canada and North America .. .... ...... .. ...... ........ ........ ...... .. ...... ....... ...... ...... ........ ..:... 13 5 Generalized characteristics of moisture regimes and subclasses used for the soil climate maps of Canada and North America . .. ... ... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... .. .... ...... 15 6 Extent of soil temperature classes and moisture subclasses in Canada . .. .. .. .. .. .... ....... 16 7 Topographic classes.. .. ...... ...... ...... ..... ...... ...... ...... ...... .. .... ...... ...... ..... ...... 18 8 Area totals for the various topographic classes within each soil order, great group, and subgroup .. .. .. .. ... ...... ...... ...... .. ...... .. ...... ...... .. ...... ...... .. ...... ...... .. .... .. ...... .. ..... 19 TABLES-concl'd 9 Area totals for the various textural classes within each soil order, great group, and subgroup .. ... .. .... ....... ....... .. ...... ....... .. ....... ....... .. ... ........ ........ ......... .. ....... ......... ..... 23 . 10 Land use.. ....... .. .. ....... ....... .. ....... ....... .. ......... ..... ........ ......... .. ....... ....... .. ...... .. ...... .. ..... 27 11 Vegetation and land use combinations.. ... ... ..... ...... .. ......... ......... ....... .. ....... .. ........ ...... 28 FIGURE 1 Geographic grid reference for location of mapunits.... ........ ........ .. ....... ....... ....... .. ...... 29 PART I GUIDE TO THE CONTENT AND ORGANIZATION OF THE INVENTORY The Soil Inventory is compiled for use in conjunction was derived from calculations obtained by the with the Soil Map of Canada as a means of providing "Peel Coat" weighing method . These calculations information relating to the individual soil and were adjusted by the use of variable factors to landscape areas that cannot be readily obtained from equate them as closely as possible to the official the Soil Map or the report on the Soils of Canada. figures for Canada . The official figures for Canada It consists of a compilation of information in an are as follows : Canada has a land area of 3,852,000 abbreviated tabular form for each of the 750 areas sq mi (9 973 000 km z), of which 292,000 sq mi designated on the Soil Map. (756 000 km2) are covered by fresh-water lakes, about 2,964,000 sq mi (7 674 000 km2) are mainland, The Inventory is divided into a series of separate and 596,000 sq mi (1 543 000 km2) are composed sections for each of the major soil orders as indicated of islands. by the initial letter in the map symbol used in the map legend . The subdivision of the major soil orders into It was expected that discrepancies between great groups at the lower taxonomic level is indicated calculated areas of map units from the Soil Map using by a number added to the letter symbol. Each the Peel Coat method and those determined from individually mapped area has its own specific other sources would occur. reference number placed under the taxonomic map symbol . Correction factors were introduced