Clark on the Yellowstone" - Foundation's 19Th Annual Meeting August 2-5, 1987, Billings, Montana

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Clark on the Yellowstone THE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE LEWIS & CLARK TRAIL HERITAGE FOUNDATION, INC. VOL. 13, NO. 1 FEBRUARY 1987 "Clark on the Yellowstone" - Foundation's 19th Annual Meeting August 2-5, 1987, Billings, Montana By President John E. Foote POMPEYS PILLAR ("POMPY'S TOWER"): "Arrived at a on one side which is the N.E. the other parts of it being a remarkable rock in an extensive bottom on the Stard Side of perpendicular clift of lightish coloured gritty rock . the the [Yellowstone] River & 250 paces from it. this rock I as­ natives have ingraved on the face of this rock the figures of cended and from its top had a most extensive view in every animals & near which I marked my name the day of the direction. This rock which I shall call Pompy's Tower [after month & year." the nickname Clark had given Sacagawea's child] is 200 feet high and 400 paces in sercumpherence and only axcessable William Clark's Journal, July 25, 1806 The theme for the 19th Annual ful area th at by hosting the 1987 down the river to below the mouth Meeting of the Lewis and Clark Annual Meeting, we will be able to of the Shields River1 where they Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc. is provide Foundation members with camped for the night. "Clark on the Yellowstone." This substantial historical information meeting will be held in Billings, about Clark's exploration and The Expedition spent the next four show Foundation members many days on horseback following the Montana, on August 2, 3, 4 & 5, north side of the river until they 1987, and will feature excursions of our important historical sites. reached a site near present Park in the Yellowstone valley and The Yellowstone River is the long­ City (see map) where they found northern Wyoming. est free flowing river in the conti­ trees of sufficient size to build dug­ Volumes of material have been nental United States. Captain Wil­ out canoes. Clark wrote in his written on the Lewis and Clark liam Clark first beheld the upper journal on July 20, 1806, "I detur­ Expedition and the Lewis and portion of this magnificent river mined to have two canoes made Clark Trail from St. Louis, Mis­ on July 15, 1806, when he and his out of the largest of those trees souri, to the Pacific Ocean, but very party of 11 men, 1 woman, a small and lash them together which will little has been written about boy, with 49 horses descended the (continued on page 2) Clark's exploration of the Yellow­ Bridger Range in southcentral 1. Named for Private John Shields, the stone valley on his return trip to Montana. They arrived at the site blacksmith, gunsmith, and handyman for St. Louis in 1806. It is the hope of of present-day Livingston (see the exploring enterprise (see WPO, Vol. 5, the people who live in this beauti- map) about 2 p.m. and continued No. 3, pp. 14-16). cause them to be Study [sturdy] and fully sufficient to take my THE LEWIS AND CLARK TRAIL small party & Self with what little HERITAGE FOUNDATION, INC. baggage we have down this river. had handles put in the 3 axes and Incorporated 1969 under Missouri General Not-For-Profit Corporation Act IRS Exemption after Sharpening them with a file Certificate No. 501(C)(3) - Identification No. 51-0187715 fell the two trees which I intended OFFICERS - EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE for the two canoes, those trees ap­ President 1st Vice President 2nd Vice President peared tolerably Sound and will make canoes of 28 feet in length John E. Foote H. John Montague Donald F. Nell and about 16 or 18 inches deep 1205 Rimhaven Way 2864 Sudbury Ct. P.O. Box 577 Billings, MT 59102 Marietta, GA 30062 Bozeman, MT 59715 and from 16 to 24 inches wide." Edrle Lee Vinson, Secretary John E. Walker, Treasurer During their stay at "canoe P.O. Box 1651 200 Market St., Suite 1177 camp," they had the misfortune to Red Lodge, MT 59068 Portland, OR 97201 lose half their horses to an Indian raiding party. While some of the Ruth E. Lange, Membership Secretary, 5054 S.W. 26th Place, Portland, OR 97201 men were working on the canoes, DIRECTORS the others were out looking for the horses. The search was ended Ruth Backer Winifred C. George James P. Ronda when it was concluded that the Cranford, NJ St. Louis, MO Youngstown, OH Indians had hurriedly taken the Harold Billian Bob Doerk Ralph H. Rudeen Villanova, PA Great Falls, MT Olympia, WA horses down the river. Malcolm S. Buffum James R. Fazio Bob Saindon After four days of building can oes, Portland, OR Moscow, ID Helena, MT the Expedition departed on July Roy D. Craft Charles C. Patton Arthur F. Shipley Stevenson, WA Springfield, IL 24, 1806. Sergeant Pryor and three Bismarck, ND men were instructed to take the L. Edwin Wang immediate Past President is a Foundation Director horses overland to the Mandan vil­ PAST PRESIDENTS - DIRECTORS EX OFFICIO lages and Clark and the remaining party traveled by canoe. During Edwynne P. Murphy, 1970 Gary Leppart, 1974-75 Bob Saindon, 1979-80 St. Louis, Missouri Butte, Montana the day they passed the site of Helena, Montana present-day Billings and camped E.G. Chuinard, M.D., 1971 Wilbur P. Werner, 1975-76 Irving W. Anderson, 1980-81 Tigard, Oregon Cut Bank, Montana Portland, Oregon farther down the river. John Greenslit, 1972 Clarence H. Decker, 1976-77 V. Strode Hinds, 1981-82 Lansing, Michigan East Alton, Illinois Sioux City, Iowa The following day the party de­ Lynn Burris, 1972-1973 Gail M. Stensland, 1977 -78 Hazel Bain, 1982-83 parted at sunrise and proceeded on Topeka, Kansas Fort Benton, Montana Longview, Washington until 4 p.m. Clark wrote in his Robert E. Lange, 1973-74 Mitchell Doumit, 1978-79 Arlen J. Large, 1983-84 journal on July 25, 1806, "arived Portland, Oregon Cathlamet, Washington Washington, D.C. at a remarkable rock situated in William P. Sherman, 1984-85 L. Edwin Wang, 1985-1986 an extensive bottom on the Star4 Portland, Oregon Minneapolis, MN Side of the river & 250 paces from it. this rock I ascended and from ABOUT THE FOUNDATION its top had a most extensive view The purpose of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc., ls to stlmulate nationally: public Interest in in every direction. This rock which matters relating to the Lewis and Clark Expedition; the contributions to American history made by the expedition members; and events of time and place concerning and following the expedition which are of I shall call Pompy's Tower is 200 historical Import to our nation. The Foundation recognizes the value of tourist-oriented programs, and supports activities which enhance the enjoyment and understanding of the Lewis and Clark story. The scope feet high and 400 paces in secum­ of the activities of the Foundation are broad and diverse, and Include Involvement In pursuits which, in the pherance and only axcessable on IUdQment of the Directors are, of historical worth or contemporary social values, and commensurate with the heritage of Lewis and Clark. The activities of the National Foundation are Intended to compliment and one Side which is from the N.E. supplement those of state and local Lewis and Clark Interest groups. The Foundation may appropriately recognize and honor Individuals or groups for: art works of distinction; achievement In the broad field of Lewis the other parts of it being a per­ and Clark hlstorlcal research; writing; or deeds which promote the general purpose and scope of activities of pendicular clift of lightish coloured the Foundation. Membership In the organization comprises a broad spectrum of Lewis and Clark enthusiasts Including Federal, State, and local government officials, historians, scholars, and others of wide ranging Lewis gritty rock on the top there is a and Clark Interests. Officers of the Foundation are elected from the membership. The Annual Meeting of the Foundation Is tradltlonally held during August, the birth month of both Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. tolerable soil of about 5 or 6 feet The meeting place Is rotated among the States, and tours generally are arranged to visit sites In the area of the thick covered with short grass. Annual Meeting which have historic association with the Lewis and Clark Expedition. The Indians have made 2 piles of stone on the top of this Tower. The WE PROCEEDED ON ISSN 0275-6706 E.G. CHU/NARD, M.D., FOUNDER nativs have ingraved on the face We Proceeded On is the official publication of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, of this rock the figures of animals Inc. The publication's name is derived from the phrase which appears repeatedly in the & near which I marked my name collective journals of the famous Expedition. and the day of the month & year." PUBUCATIONS COMMITTEE Clark named this remarkable rock Robert E. Lange, Editor and Committee Chairman, 5054 S.W. 26th Place, Portland, OR 97201 after Sacagawea's son whom he Irving W. Anderson E.G. Chuinard affectionately called Pomp. When Box LC-196 Lewis & Clark College 15537 S.W. Summerfield Lane editing Clark's journals at a later Portland, OR 97219 Tigard, OR 97223 date, Nicholas Biddle inadvertent­ Paul R. Cutright Donald Jackson Gary E. Moulton ly changed the name from Pom­ 312 Summit Avenue 3920 Old Stage Road Love Library - Univ. Nebraska py's Tower to Pompeys Pillar, the Jenkintown, PA 19046 Colorado Springs, CO 80906 Lincoln, NE 68588 name by which it is presently Bob Saindon Wiibur P.
Recommended publications
  • George Drouillard and John Colter: Heroes of the American West Mitchell Edward Pike Claremont Mckenna College
    Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CMC Senior Theses CMC Student Scholarship 2012 George Drouillard and John Colter: Heroes of the American West Mitchell Edward Pike Claremont McKenna College Recommended Citation Pike, Mitchell Edward, "George Drouillard and John Colter: Heroes of the American West" (2012). CMC Senior Theses. Paper 444. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/444 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you by Scholarship@Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in this collection by an authorized administrator. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CLAREMONT McKENNA COLLEGE GEORGE DROUILLARD AND JOHN COLTER: HEROES OF THE AMERICAN WEST SUBMITTED TO PROFESSOR LILY GEISMER AND DEAN GREGORY HESS BY MITCHELL EDWARD PIKE FOR SENIOR THESIS SPRING/2012 APRIL 23, 2012 Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..4 Chapter One. George Drouillard, Interpreter and Hunter………………………………..11 Chapter Two. John Colter, Trailblazer of the Fur Trade………………………………...28 Chapter 3. Problems with Second and Firsthand Histories……………………………....44 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….……55 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………..58 Introduction The United States underwent a dramatic territorial change during the early part of the nineteenth century, paving the way for rapid exploration and expansion of the American West. On April 30, 1803 France and the United States signed the Louisiana Purchase Treaty, causing the Louisiana Territory to transfer from French to United States control for the price of fifteen million dollars.1 The territorial acquisition was agreed upon by Napoleon Bonaparte, First Consul of the Republic of France, and Robert R. Livingston and James Monroe, both of whom were acting on behalf of the United States. Monroe and Livingston only negotiated for New Orleans and the mouth of the Mississippi, but Napoleon in regard to the territory said “I renounce Louisiana.
    [Show full text]
  • THE CHALLENGE to COMMUNICATE at Fort Mandan in North Dakota, Their Interpreters Were Two Frenchmen Who Had Been Living with the Introduction Indians
    THE CHALLENGE TO COMMUNICATE At Fort Mandan in North Dakota, their interpreters were two Frenchmen who had been living with the Introduction Indians. They hired Touissant Charbonneau and one of his Shoshone wives to interpret for them when they met the Shoshones. The Hidatsa call her When Lewis and Clark embarked upon their epic Sakakawea, or Bird Woman and the Shoshones call journey in 1804, they knew very little about the her Sacagawea. people they would encounter along the Missouri River. Even less was known about the tribes of the Charles McKenzie was a Canadian trader who Columbia. The explorers had no idea of how or by observed the Lewis and Clark expedition in the what means those people would communicate. Mandan Country in the spring of 1805. He describes them below: With the help of interpreters, they were sometimes able to effectively exchange information with the The woman who answered the purpose of wife to tribes along the way. However, there were many Charbonneau, was of the Serpent Nation and lately times when their interpreters were not able to help taken prisoner by a war party:- She understood a them. Often they had to rely on other methods of little Gros Ventres, in which she had to converse communication, such as sign language and drawing. with her husband, who was a Canadian, and who did not understand English- A Mulatto, who spoke Communication Challenges for the Expedition bad French and worse English served as interpreter to the Captains- So that a single word to be Communication was generally not a problem as the understood by the party required to pass from the party traveled up the Missouri River.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
    DM - L & C 10/19/15 6:48 PM Page v Table of Contents Preface . ix How to Use This Book . xiii Research Topics for Defining Moments: The Lewis and Clark Expedition . xv NARRATIVE OVERVIEW Prologue . 3 Chapter 1: The Louisiana Purchase . 7 Chapter 2: The Corps of Discovery . 19 Chapter 3: Up the Missouri River, 1804 . 35 Chapter 4: Across the Continent to the Pacific, 1805 . 51 Chapter 5: The Return Journey, 1806 . 71 Chapter 6: Settlement of the West . 91 Chapter 7: Legacy of the Lewis and Clark Expedition . 105 BIOGRAPHIES Toussaint Charbonneau (c. 1760-1843) . 117 Fur Trader and Translator for the Lewis and Clark Expedition William Clark (1770-1838) . 121 Co-Captain and Primary Mapmaker of the Corps of Discovery John Colter (c. 1774-1813) . 125 Explorer, Trapper, and Member of the Corps of Discovery v DM - L & C 10/19/15 6:48 PM Page vi Defining Moments: The Lewis and Clark Expedition George Drouillard (c. 1774-1810) . 129 Interpreter and Hunter for the Lewis and Clark Expedition Patrick Gass (1771-1870) . 133 Sergeant, Carpenter, and Journal Keeper for the Corps of Discovery Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) . 137 President Who Organized the Lewis and Clark Expedition Meriwether Lewis (1774-1809) . 141 Explorer, Naturalist, and Co-Captain of the Corps of Discovery Sacagawea (c. 1788-1812) . 146 Interpreter and Guide for the Lewis and Clark Expedition York (c. 1770-c. 1822) . 150 Enslaved African-American Member of the Corps of Discovery PRIMARY SOURCES Alexander Mackenzie Inspires American Exploration . 157 President Thomas Jefferson Asks Congress to Fund an Expedition .
    [Show full text]
  • Mandan/ Hidatsa Encounter Packet Unit: Politics & Diplomacy (Elementary and Middle School)
    Mandan/ Hidatsa Encounter Packet Unit: Politics & Diplomacy (Elementary and Middle School) To the Cooperative Group: In this packet you will find: 1. a map showing locations of four tribal encounters 2. a short explanation of the Mandan/Hidatsa encounter 3. excerpts from Clark’s journal concerning that encounter 4. four questions for your group to discuss and try to answer Lewis and Clark spend the winter of 1804-1805 in North Dakota near the Mandan and Hidatsa tribes. During this winter the temperature dropped as low as 40 degrees below zero. The Captains had their men build a fort near the Mandan villages, which they named Fort Mandan. That is where they spent the winter, waiting for spring so that they could continue their journey. The Mandan and Hidatsa Indians were well acquainted with white fur traders and knew of many European customs. During the winter of 1804-1805, these Indians visited Fort Mandan almost daily and were helpful in providing food and information to the Americans. It was while they were at Fort Mandan that Lewis and Clark met Charboneau and his wife Sacagawea. It was also here that baby “Pomp” was born. Here is what Captain Clark wrote in his journal about the Mandan/Hidatsa Indians visiting the Corps at Fort Mandan: William Clark, December 31, 1804 “ A number of Indians here every Day our blacksmith mending their axes, hoes etc for which the squaws bring corn for payment.” At the end of their stay, the day before leaving Fort Mandan, Clark wrote: William Clark, Wednesday, March 20, 1805 “I visited the Chief of the Mandans in the Course of the Day and Smoked a pipe with himself and Several old men.” Questions and activities for cooperative group to consider: • find the location of Fort Mandan • how far did the Corps travel from St.
    [Show full text]
  • Lewis & Clark Meet the Plains Bison
    Museum of the American Indian -- Lisette's Fate -- Sacagawea & Susan B. Anthony Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation I www.lewisandclark.org February 2005 Volume 31, No. 1 LEWIS & CLARK MEET THE PLAINS BISON PLUS: CAPE GIRARDEAU • "SERGEANT" wARFINGTON Contents Letters: Lisette's fa te; Cape Disappointment; John Pernier 2 President's Message: National Museum of the American Indian 4 Bicentennial Council: Where did the L&C Expedition begin? 6 The Corps of Discovery's Forgotten "Sergeant" 10 Lewis and Clark entrusted Richard Warfington with responsibilities far beyond his corporal's rank By Trent Strickland Cape Girardeau and the Corps of Discovery 14 Newly discovered documents detail the post-expedition lives of four veterans of the Lewis and Clark Expedition By Jane Randol Jackson Warfington, p. 11 Great Gangues of Buffalow 22 Lewis and Clark's encounters with the plains bison By Kenneth C. Walcheck Reviews 32 Scenes of Visionary Enchantment; The L ewis and Clark Expedition; An Artist with the Corps of Discovery; Sacajawea's People; The Story of the Bitterroot; "Most Perfect Harmony" L&C Roundup: Lewis and Clark in other journals 39 Trail Notes: Stewardship initiatives 40 From the Library: L&C on the World Wide Web 43 Soundings 44 Cape Girardeau, p. 15 Sacagawea and Susan B. Anthony By Bill Smith On the cover Titled Red Shirt, artist Michael H aynes's painting shows Sergeant John Ordway surprised by a buffalo bull on a rainy September 11, 1804, while the Corps of Discovery was making its way up the Missouri River in today's South Dakota.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sacagawea Mystique: Her Age, Name, Role and Final Destiny Columbia Magazine, Fall 1999: Vol
    History Commentary - The Sacagawea Mystique: Her Age, Name, Role and Final Destiny Columbia Magazine, Fall 1999: Vol. 13, No. 3 By Irving W. Anderson EDITOR'S NOTE The United States Mint has announced the design for a new dollar coin bearing a conceptual likeness of Sacagawea on the front and the American eagle on the back. It will replace and be about the same size as the current Susan B. Anthony dollar but will be colored gold and have an edge distinct from the quarter. Irving W. Anderson has provided this biographical essay on Sacagawea, the Shoshoni Indian woman member of the Lewis and Clark expedition, as background information prefacing the issuance of the new dollar. THE RECORD OF the 1804-06 "Corps of Volunteers on an Expedition of North Western Discovery" (the title Lewis and Clark used) is our nation's "living history" legacy of documented exploration across our fledgling republic's pristine western frontier. It is a story written in inspired spelling and with an urgent sense of purpose by ordinary people who accomplished extraordinary deeds. Unfortunately, much 20th-century secondary literature has created lasting though inaccurate versions of expedition events and the roles of its members. Among the most divergent of these are contributions to the exploring enterprise made by its Shoshoni Indian woman member, Sacagawea, and her destiny afterward. The intent of this text is to correct America's popular but erroneous public image of Sacagawea by relating excerpts of her actual life story as recorded in the writings of her contemporaries, people who actually knew her, two centuries ago.
    [Show full text]
  • Toussaint Charbonneau (1767- C
    Toussaint Charbonneau (1767- c. 1839-1843) By William L. Lang Toussaint Charbonneau played a brief role in Oregon’s past as part of the Corps of Discovery, the historic expedition led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark in 1804-1806. He is one of the most recognizable among members of the Corps of Discovery, principally as the husband of Sacagawea and father of Jean-Baptiste Charbonneau, the infant who accompanied the expedition. The captains hired Charbonneau as an interpreter on April 7, 1805, at Fort Mandan in present-day North Dakota and severed his employment on August 17, 1806, on their return journey. Charbonneau was born on March 22, 1767, in Boucherville, Quebec, a present-day suburb of Montreal, to parents Jean-Baptiste Charbonneau and Marguerite Deniau. In his youth, he worked for the North West Company, and by the time Lewis and Clark encountered him in late 1804, he was an independent trader living at a Minnetaree village on the Knife River, a tributary to the Missouri near present-day Stanton, North Dakota. Charbonneau lived in the village with his Shoshoni wife Sacagawea, who had been captured by Hidatsas in present-day Idaho four years earlier and may have been sold to Charbonneau as a slave. On November 4, William Clark wrote in his journal that “a Mr. Chaubonée [Charbonneau], interpreter for the Gros Ventre nation Came to See us…this man wished to hire as an interpreter.” Lewis and Clark made a contract with him, but not with Sacagawea, although it is clear that the captains saw Sacagawea’s great benefit to the expedition, because she could aid them when they traveled through her former homeland.
    [Show full text]
  • Lewis & Clark Timeline
    LEWIS & CLARK TIMELINE The following time line provides an overview of the incredible journey of the Lewis & Clark Expedition. Beginning with preparations for the journey in 1803, it highlights the Expedition’s exploration of the west and concludes with its return to St. Louis in 1806. For a more detailed time line, please see www.monticello.org and follow the Lewis & Clark links. 1803 JANUARY 18, 1803 JULY 6, 1803 President Thomas Jefferson sends a secret letter to Lewis stops in Harpers Ferry (in present-day West Virginia) Congress asking for $2,500 to finance an expedition to and purchases supplies and equipment. explore the Missouri River. The funding is approved JULY–AUGUST, 1803 February 28. Lewis spends over a month in Pittsburgh overseeing APRIL–MAY, 1803 construction of a 55-foot keelboat. He and 11 men head Meriwether Lewis is sent to Philadelphia to be tutored down the Ohio River on August 31. by some of the nation’s leading scientists (including OCTOBER 14, 1803 Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Smith Barton, Robert Patterson, and Caspar Wistar). He also purchases supplies that will Lewis arrives at Clarksville, across the Ohio River from be needed on the journey. present-day Louisville, Kentucky, and soon meets up with William Clark. Clark’s African-American slave York JULY 4, 1803 and nine men from Kentucky are added to the party. The United States’s purchase of the 820,000-square mile DECEMBER 8–9, 1803 Louisiana territory from France for $15 million is announced. Lewis leaves Washington the next day. Lewis and Clark arrive in St.
    [Show full text]
  • Selections from the State Librarian with Comments Fall 2003 Through Summer 2008
    Selections from the State Librarian With comments Fall 2003 through Summer 2008 Each season for the past five years Jan Walsh, Washington State Librarian, has chosen a theme and then selected at least one adult, one young adult, and one children‟s book to fit her topic. The following list is a compilation of her choices with her comments. The season in which each title was selected is listed in parentheses following its citation. Her themes were: Artists of Washington—spring 2004 Beach Reads—summer 2008 The Columbia River through Washington History—fall 2004 Courage—summer 2005 Disasters—fall 2007 Diversity—winter 2006 Exploring Washington—spring 2008 Geology of Washington State—fall 2005 Hidden People—spring 2007 Lewis, Clark, and Seaman—winter 2004 Life in Washington Territory—fall 2003 Mount St. Helens—spring 2005 Mysteries of Washington—fall 2006 Of Beaches and the Sea—winter 2008 The Olympic Peninsula—winter 2007 The Oregon Trail—spring 2006 Spokane and the Inland Empire—summer 2007 Tastes of Washington—summer 2006 Washington through the Photographer‟s Lens—summer 2004 Washington‟s Native People—winter 2005 NW prefixed books are available for check out and interlibrary loan. RARE, R (Reference), and GWA (Governor‟s Writers Award) prefixed books are available to be viewed only at the State Library. All books were in print at the time of Ms. Walsh‟s selection. January 23, 2009 1 Washington Reads 5 year compilation with Jan‟s comments Adult selections Alexie, Sherman. Reservation Blues. Grove Press, 1995. 306 p. (Summer 2007) NW 813.54 ALEXIE 1995; R 813.54 ALEXIE 1995 “The novel, which won the American Book Award in 1996, is a poignant look at the rise and fall of an Indian rock band, Coyote Springs, and the people and spirits that surround it.
    [Show full text]
  • Fort Clatsop, Lewis and Clark's 1805-1806 Winter Establishment "Living History" Demonstrations Feature for Visitors to National Park Facility
    T HE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE LEWIS & CLARK T RAIL H ERITAGE FOUNDATION, INC. VOL. 12, NO. 3 AUGUST 1986 Fort Clatsop, Lewis and Clark's 1805-1806 Winter Establishment "Living History" Demonstrations Feature for Visitors to National Park Facility Photograph by Andrew E. Cier, Astoria, Oregon Replica of Fort Clatsop, Near Astoria, Oregon - See Story on Page 3 - President Wang's THE LEWIS AND CLARK TRAIL Message HERITAGE FOUNDATION, INC. Thank you's are due at least four Incorporated 1969 under Missouri General Not-For-Profit Corporation Act IRS Exemption different groups of Foundation Certificate No. 501(C)(3) - I dentification No. 51-0187715 members for the efforts put forth by them these past twelve months. OFFICERS - EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE First, I am most thankful for the President 1st Vice President 2nd Vice President excellent support that has been L. Edw in Wang John E. Foote H. John Montague provided by Foundation officers, 6013 St . Johns Ave. 1205 Rimhaven Way 2864 Sudbury Ct. directors, past presidents, and all M inneapolis. MN 55424 Billings. MT 591 02 Marietta. GA'30062 other committee members. Second, I am much indebted to the 1986 Edrie Lee Vinson. Secretary John E. Walker. Treasurer P.O. Box 1651 200 Market St .. Suite 1177 Program Committee, headed by Red Lodge. MT 59068 Portland. OR 97201 Malcolm Buffum, for the tre­ mendous effort they have put forth Ruth E. Lange, Membership Secretary. 5054 S.W. 26th Place. Port land. OR 97201 to arrange one of the finest-ever annual meeting programs. Third, I DIRECTORS am so grateful for all that is ac­ Harold Billian Winifred C.
    [Show full text]
  • OLD Toby'' Losr? REVISITING the BITTERROOT CROSSING
    The L&C Journal's 10 most-used words --- Prince Maxmilian's journals reissued ...___ Lewis_ and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation I www.lewisandclark.org August2011 Volume 37, No. 3 W As ''OLD ToBY'' Losr? REVISITING THE BITTERROOT CROSSING How Blacksmiths Fed the L&C Expedition Prince Madoc, the Welsh, and the Mandan Indians Contents Letters: 10 most popular words in the L&C Journals 2 President's Message: Proceeding on from a challenging spring 4 Was Toby Lost? s Did the Shoshone guide take "a wrong road" over the Bitterroot Mountains, as Captain William Clark contended, or was Toby following a lesser-known Indian trail? By John Puckett Forging for Food 10 How blacksmiths of the Lewis and Clark Expedition saved the Corps from starvation during the winter of 1804-1805 at Fort Mandan By Shaina Robbins Was Toby Lost? p. 5 Prince Madoc and the Welsh Indians 16 When Lewis and Clark arrived at Fort Mandan President Jefferson suggested they look for a connection between the twelfth-century Welsh prince and the Mandan Indians. Did one exist? By Aaron Cobia Review Round-up ' 21 The first two volumes of newly edited and translated North American Journals of Prince Maximilian of Wjed; the story of Captain John McClallen, the fi~st _U f..S. officer to follow the expedition west in By Honor arid Right: How One Man Boldly Defined the D estiny of a Natio~ . Endnotes: The Stories Left Behind 24 The difficult task of picking the stories to tell and the stories to leave behind in the Montana's new history textbook Forging for Food, p.
    [Show full text]
  • The Diplomacy of Lewis and Clark Among the Teton Sioux, 1804-1807
    Copyright © 2005 by the South Dakota State Historical Society. All Rights Reserved. The Diplomacy of Lewis and Clark among the Teton Sioux, 1804-1807 HARRY H. ANDERSON When Captains Meriwether Lewis and William Clark set out up the Missouri River from Saint Louis in the summer of 1804 to explore a route to the Pacific Ocean, they carried with them instructions from President Thomas Jefferson to gather information on the native peo- ple of the newly acquired Louisiana Territory. Knowledge of the vari- ous tribes' locations, populations, languages, alliances, and disposi- tion toward the United States government was essential to building friendly diplomatic relations with the Indians, whose cooperation would help to ensure the safe passage of the expedition and American dominance of the region's economy in the future. Among the most important diplomatic objectives of the Lewis and Clark Expedition were promoting peace among the trihes, protecting trade, and vrin- ning the Indians' recognition of the sovereign authority of the United States. Key to the success of this diplomacy along the Upper Missouri River were the several tribes of the Teton, or Lakota, Sioux Indians within present-day South Dakota.' 1. The Lakotas, orTetons, as they were known at the time of Lewis and Clark, make up one division of the three linguistically related tribes known collectively as the Sioux. In the early 1800S, they comprised four major subdivisions living along or west of the Missouri River: the Oglalas, Miniconjous, Saones, and Brûlés, (ames R, Walker, Lakota Soäety, ed. Raymond J, DeMallie (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 1982), pp, 18-19; Roy^J B, Hassrick, The Sioux: Life and Customs of a Warrior Society (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
    [Show full text]