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Building Social Capital in the Global Security Context: a Study at the George C Kennesaw State University DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University International Conflict Management Dissertations College of Humanities and Social Sciences 7-2014 Building Social Capital in the Global Security Context: A Study at the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies Eliza Maria Markley Kennesaw State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/incm_etd Part of the Defense and Security Studies Commons, and the Peace and Conflict Studies Commons Recommended Citation Markley, Eliza Maria, "Building Social Capital in the Global Security Context: A Study at the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies" (2014). International Conflict Management Dissertations. Paper 1. http://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/incm_etd/1 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Humanities and Social Sciences at DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Conflict Management Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BUILDING SOCIAL CAPITAL IN THE GLOBAL SECURITY CONTEXT A STUDY AT THE GEORGE C. MARSHALL EUROPEAN CENTER FOR SECURITY STUDIES By ELIZA MARIA MARKLEY DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in International Conflict Management in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences at Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 2014 © Eliza Maria Markley ! ! ! DEDICATION For my brother, Calin Colhon and For Nick Pratt "#! ! ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the many people who helped me through this dissertation process. First, my thanks go to my committee chair, Dr. Volker Franke, who instilled in me the passion for research and this topic, and led me through all the stages of this project. His continuous support, guidance, and feedback have been invaluable. Without him, this study would not have been possible. Secondly, I would like to thank the members of my dissertation committee, Dr. Robert Kennedy, Dr. Sven Gareis, Dr. Darina Lepadatu, and Dr. Luc Noiset. They gave freely of their time to advise me throughout the process and provide much needed review and feedback for my research. I am very privileged to have learned from their scholarly experience in political science, economics, sociology, and international relations. I cannot express enough thanks to the Marshall Center for assisting and supporting me in conducting this research. I am most grateful for being accepted into the Marshall Center alumni scholar’s program, which enabled me to conduct the extensive research reflected in this dissertation. Although it had been more than ten years since I graduated from the Marshall Center, I was welcomed and received as a member of the Marshall Center family upon my return. Most importantly, I would like to recognize the Marshall Center Alumni Affairs team, whose genuine friendship and spiritual support have been both encouraging and invaluable during this entire process. #! ! Finally, to my caring, loving, and supportive family: my deepest gratitude. They encouraged me and sustained me every step of the way throughout my doctoral studies, and they have been my strength in difficult times. To my most wonderful parents, Eli and Nina Colhon, I am who I am today because they instilled in me the thirst for “reaching for the sky.” To Paul and Anca, the most amazing husband and daughter, I owe them everything! #"! ! ABSTRACT Existing literature features no academic research on social capital in the security environment. However, social capital is relevant for the current global security context because it has the capability of building cooperation based on trust and shared values. This project defines social capital in the global security context as the social and professional networks - based on shared experience, norms and values, and mutual trust - that facilitate cooperation of security professionals for future benefits. This research explores how, whether and the extent to which international education at the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies (MC) develops social capital among international security professionals. Using qualitative and quantitative methods, this study found that international education and shared experiences at the MC 1) foster social and professional networks that are used as capital to increase inter-agency and international cooperation; 2) facilitate the development of interpersonal and category- based trust; 3) contribute to participants’ awareness of and adherence to democratic values and norms; 4) increase intercultural communication and competence and 5) result in the application of acquired values, norms, and practices in the home countries of participants. #""! ! #"""! ! TABLE OF CONTENTS COPYRIGHT PAGE ........................................................................................................ ii SIGNATURE PAGE ........................................................................................................ iii DEDICATION ................................................................................................................. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..............................................................................................v ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................... xiv LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... xv CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................1 New Security Threats and Their Approaches ....................................................2 Social Capital and the New Security Threats .....................................................6 Purpose of the Research ...........................................................................8 Organization of the Study .......................................................................10 2 LITERATURE REVIEW: SOCIAL CAPITAL IN THE GLOBAL SECURITY CONTEXT .....................................................................................13 What is Social Capital ........................................................................................14 The History of Social Capital ..................................................................14 ! ! Definitions .................................................................................................15 ! ! ! Conceptual Framework ...........................................................................17 Social Capital in the Security Context ...............................................................20 Networks ...................................................................................................20 Trust ..........................................................................................................30 Shared Values, Norms and Practices .....................................................38! "$! ! 3 GEORGE C. MARSHALL EUROPEAN CENTER FOR SECURITY STUDIES .............................................................................................................55 The Policy, Strategic Objectives and Concepts of the Marshall Center ........59 ! Policy and Objectives ...............................................................................60 Strategic Concepts ...................................................................................62 ! Academic Resident Programs .............................................................................66 Nonresident Programs .........................................................................................81! Outreach Programs .................................................................................81 ! ! ! Alumni Affairs ..........................................................................................82! ! 4 METHODS ...........................................................................................................86 Case Study Approach .........................................................................................87 Hypotheses and Operationalization of Variables ............................................90 Mixed Methods ....................................................................................................95 Qualitative Component ...........................................................................95 Quantitative Component .......................................................................103 Limitations ..........................................................................................................104 Ethics ...................................................................................................................106! 5 PROFESSIONAL AND SOCIAL NETWORKS AT THE MARSHALL CENTER ............................................................................................................107 Professional Networks .....................................................................................109 Domestic Professional Networks ..........................................................110 !!! International Professional Networks
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